HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

4.5G: Everything over LTE

Dr. Wan, Lei

2014-10-15

Standard Roadmap of LTE/LTE-Advanced Evolution

Page 3

Rel-10 Rel-11 Rel-12 Rel-13 Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16

3GPP

Req., Eval. Criteria

ITU Workshop

Proposal

WRC-12

WRC-15

WRC-18/19

Eval.

ITU-R

4.5G commercial

5G commercial

2016/17 2022

5G SI WIs

(ITU eval.) Corrections (deploy)

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2018 2019 2020 2021 2017 2022

LTE-Evolution (One potential path to 5G)

LTE New branding （4.5G）

LTE-Advanced (4G)

Target of 4.5G

• 4.5G targets the telecom market of 2017 and beyond, and provides potential market

expansion for operators, with the following aspects:

To efficiently address the continuous increasing data capacity demands in between 4G and 5G

To optimize end-user experience to achieve

Better connection quality, e.g. higher throughput everywhere and mobility experience

Less time-to-wait

Enabling Everything over LTE to get. more revenue sources for operators

New use cases and deployment scenarios

Flexible support to diverse OTT applications

Vertical market expansion (including massive connections)

Page 2

Technical Scope of 4.5G

Spectrum

Flexible Spectrum

Flexible band: Unlicensed, LSA

Flexible CA combination

Flexible Bandwidth

Flexible Duplex

Flexible Network

Flexible MIMO Usage

Flexible Topology

Flexible Network Convergence

Flexible Service

Unified MBB experience in flexible scenario

Flexible OTT support

Flexible Vertical Service Extension

Service

Network

Page 5

50X Cell Capacity, 20X Cell Edge Throughput, 2ms RTT, 50X Connection

Everything over LTE with Seamless video experience & Vertical service extension

Key Feature Set for 4.5G

Flexible Network

Flexible Service Extension

Flexibile Spectrum Utilization

U-LTE Flexible Bandwidth

Wideband LTE Flexible Duplex

Small Cell Enh. 3D MIMO

MTC

FDD/TDD CA

Positioning enh.

D2D/V2V Group Comm.

Latency Optimization

SOMA/NOMA

High Speed

Scenario Support

LTE-WLAN MSA

CP/UP split

MSA/Dual Connectivity

LTE-Hi (e.g.3.5GHz)

SRC

D2D/V2V

Flexible Spectrum Utilization

Macro eNB

LPN

Blue：FDD Green: TDD@UL

Massive CA

Spectrum

C-band（3.4GHz-

4.2GHz in EU）

Unlicensed LTE on 5GHz (600 MHz avail.)

case1

case2

case3

Wide band per carrier

Available for higher freq.

Wideband LTE with Massive CA

C band (3400-4200 MHz) allocation

Unlicensed LTE on 5GHz (600 MHz avail.)

Massive Carrier Aggregation

>100MHz

Page 9

Basic Physical layer support:

For self-scheduling, PDCCH design

can support >5 CCs

For cross-carrier scheduling, R10 CIF

field (3bits) can support Max 8 CCs

UCI design need be extended to

support more ACK/CQI feedback

New UE CAT

• Almost 400~800 MHz contiguous spectrum will be allocated to operators in EU /Japan/Korean before 2020 or even earlier. JP is already plan to start the allocation recently.

• Almost 200MHz contiguous spectrum will be allocated to operators in CN/ NA before 2020.

• Target subband (5725-5850, 5470-5725, 5150-5250Hz) has 100~245 MHz contiguous spectrum

• WiFi 11ac already support max 160M bandwidth

• Utilizing a large amount of carriers in licensed and unlicensed bands

• Support more than 5 carriers per UE

• Fast carrier selection and switching

• Backward compatible to R10-R12 CA (<= 5 carriers per UE)

• Wideband LTE with wider carrier bandwidth and CA as further evolution

Further optimizations

Control channel overhead reduction

Minimizing blind decoding

Batch processing on carrier

selection/onoff/measurement, etc.

RF requirements

Prioritize intra-band contiguous and

non-contiguous CA case

U-LTE: Scenarios

Mainly deployed in small cell scenario with limitation on the transmission power on unlicensed spectrum

Public Operator deployment

Scenarios: Deployed by Operators, Indoor/Outdoor, support capacity-boosting

Preferred Band： 5.8GHz/5.4GHz band, 5.1G is also possible for indoor

Residence Personal deployment

5150 5250 5350 5470 5725 5825 5850 5950

In Plan

Current

Maximum TX power：5470-5725MHz：1w；5725-5850: 4w –indoor and outdoor

Page 5

Licensed LTE U-LTE

Primary Carrier

Secondary Carrier

Licensed LTE U-LTE

Primary Carrier

Secondary Carrier

Non-Standalone

Operation with downlink only

Without Licensed LTE, U-

LTE will lose these

advantages

Standalone U-LTE is not

the focus

U-LTE: Focused on License-Assisted Access in Rel-13

As a secondary carrier, U-LTE is aggregated to LTE licensed Network

Controlled by Operator Network

Coverage & Capacity Guarantee

Mobility and service continuity

QoS Guarantee

Unified OAM, RRM,

Billing

Operation with DL/UL

Page 6

U-LTE: High-prioritized Band

*1 Bands allocated by China/US are 5725-5850MHz. *2 China 5725-5850MHz is shared license among operators, open for WAS and RLAN

Sub-bands 5150-5250MHz 5250-5350MHz 5470-5725MHz 5725-5825MHz

EIRP 23dBm/36dBm 23dBm 30dBm 33dBm/36dBm

US/Canada Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor*1

EU Indoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor NA

Korea Indoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor

Japan Indoor Indoor Indoor/Outdoor NA

China Indoor Indoor NA Indoor/Outdoor*1,*2

Australia Indoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor Indoor/Outdoor

India Indoor Indoor NA Indoor/Outdoor

• 5725~5850MHz, 5470~5725MHz and 5150-5250MHz (regional) are recommended

Large bandwidth(100MHz~150MHz), relatively lower interference than other sub-bands

No inter-modulation interference with most of LTE licensed bands

U-LTE & WiFi coexistence Case1: Carrier selection (no LBT)

• 3 carriers available for U-LTE deployment from

operator A (U-LTE) and operator B (WiFi) Baseline: no carrier selection (co-channel

deployment)

Random carrier selection: each U-LTE eNB/WiFi

AP selects one unlicensed carrier randomly

Channel-sensing based Carrier selection : each

LTE node selects one interference-less

unlicensed carrier

Observations U-LTE is more robust than WiFi in co-existence

scenario

Carrier selection can protect WiFi AP very well

~x5

~x 1.5

• LTE Pico performs much more robust in co-existence scenarios

• U-LTE Pico with muting some TTIs can be a more friendly neighbor to

WiFi, compared to coexistence with WiFi, even without assistance of

additional transmission restriction (e.g., LBT)

U-LTE & WiFi coexistence Case2: Co-channel

WIFI AP and LTE pico are close to each other

Operator A(U-LTE) Operator B(WiFi)

Operator A(U-LTE) Operator B(U-LTE)

U-LTE & WiFi Coexistence: Key mechanism

• Cell on/off and Carrier Selection

• Semi-static or dynamic

• Interference levels are detected by eNB channel measurement

during the off duration or UE-assisted measurement/report

• UEs will be redirected to other channels by Scell configuration/

activation/ deactivation

• Further enhancement by advanced features (to be

standardized) such as LBT or DFS

• Can be a common design on coexistence for all regions

• Prefer load-based equipment (LBE) mechanism

• First Proposal:

“The Unlicensed Spectrum Usage for Future IMT Technologies”,

Mr. Sun Lixin, in “The 6th International Workshop - Vision and Technology

Trends for 5G”, Korea, Sep. 2013

https://committee.tta.or.kr/main/standard_seminar_view.jsp?No=143

• First Proposals in 3GPP:

3 SID/WID proposals were proposed in TSG RAN #62, Dec., 2013

RP-131788 & RP-131635, RAN1 SI proposalon LTE-U, [Ericsson, Qualcomm ]

RP-131680 RAN4 WI proposal on 5.8GHz SDL in USA [Verizon]

RP-131918 & RP-131723, RAN SI proposal on U-LTE, [CMCC, Huawei, CATR, CATT]

• First LTE-U standard workshop in Paris, France, Jan. 2014

Hosted by Huawei, Ericsson, Qualcomm, China Mobile and Verizon

20 presentations, 60 participants, https://www.dropbox.com/sh/8xjlm6gcccgnuwd/QovKbhhX5T

Chronicle of U-LTE events

Flexible Network

Ahchoring

point for RRC

connection

Improve peak

throughput

Simplify mobility

due to no HO

Master eNB

Slave eNB

Pico

cell

LTE UMTS/CDMA

GSM/WiMAX

DAS

LTE-Hi AP iMicro

U-LTE/WiFi

iPico

SRC

Cloud-BB backhaul

Carrier 1

Carrier 2

cell average SE @ 16ports >90% @ 4ports; cell edge SE @16ports >50%

@4ports

SOMA/NOMA

• SOMA v.s. NOMA: Common part

› Power domain multi-user mapping to a single constellation

• SOMA v.s. NOMA: Difference

› SOMA maps the 2nd UE sub-constellation with gray mapping

to the quadrant

› Low Rx complexity is the key: SOMA

› NOMA requires CWIC, while SOMA does not rely on SIC

SOMA: Semi-Orthogonal Multi-Access without SIC

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

0

0.6

1.2

1.8

6.2

6.8

7.4 8

8.6

9.2

9.8

10.4 11

11.6

BLER performance of UE1, AWGN, 1x1

TM1, 5000tti, 10MHz, P1:P2=0.2:0.8, UE1

QPSK 1/2, UE2 QPSK 1/2

NOMA

NOMA(ideal-SIC)

PMDMA

NOMA(0.1:0.9)

PMDMA(0.1:0.9)

Single Cell

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

6 6.4 6.8 7.2 7.6 8 12.2 12.6 13 13.4 13.8 14.2 14.6 15 15.4 15.8

BLER performance of UE1, AWGN, 1x1 TM1, 5000tti,

10MHz, P1:P2=0.2168:0.7832, UE1 16QAM 1/2, UE2

QPSK 1/2

NOMA

NOMA(ideal-SIC)

PMDMA

Single Cell

SOMA

SOMA

SOMA

SOMA with ML is similar to NOMA with ideal CWIC

R12 Observations on NAICS: CWIC introduces large

additional complexity to perform codeword decoding and

re-encoding, introducing large latencies in Rx

Flexible Service Extension

Coverage：20dB better than LTE

Device battery life：8-10 years

E2E latency<150ms

Capacity = 3 X LTE

20 times denser Video UEs 2D positioning: Indoor 3-5m

3D positioning: Vertical 3m

SPC Platform

Cellular Network

GPS

VDC VDC

E2E latency< Tens of ms

Group Communication

Page 13

Push to Talk Top videos Mobile Advertising

Target use case

Users located within a geographical area have a

common interest on the service/content.

Multicast area is dynamic.

Multicast area may be a single cell.

User might not be evenly distributed over the

geographical area.

Group based scheduling

Multicast on a per cell basis (over PDSCH).

eNB assigns the common Group-RNTI to a group of users.

Benefit

Efficient delivery of the specific traffic according to the user

distribution

Radio resources could be flexibly shared between multicast

and unicast, even within the same subframe.

Narrow-Band MTC

180 KHz for DL and UL

Ultra-low terminal cost (< $5)

Very long terminal battery life (> 10 years)

Extended coverage (20 dB enhancement)

Massive connections support

Example Connections to EPC

PDN-GW LTE

GGSN SGSN

NB M2M

MME/S-GW

2

G BSC

2G

3G

3G

RNC

Page 16

NB

M2

M

Low-cost MTC

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Page 20

4.5G is coming, can 5G be far behind?

• Peak rate: - 150MHz@2rx UE - 300MHz@4rx UE • Latency: RTT 6~8ms;

Access 70ms

LTE evolution in 5G Rel-14&Rel-15

LTE new branding Rel-12 & Rel-13

LTE-Advanced (LTE-A)Rel-10 & Rel-11

LTE Rel-8 & Rel-9

Everything over LTE w. Seamless video experience & Vertical service extension

4G Certification, Coverage Enh.

Scalable Bandwidth (~20MHz), OFDMA

Intelligent Interaction of the world

• 50 x Capacity @LTE-A, 20x Cell edge throughput @LTE-A • UE density 20x @LTE-A • 50 x Connection • Latency: RTT 2~4ms; Access 50ms

• 1000 × Capacity & 1000 × Energy efficiency • UE density 300x@LTE • 100 × Connection • Peak rate > 10Gbps • Latency: 1ms

2020

2018

2017

2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2005

• Avg. SE: DL4x2, 2.6bps/Hz, UL1x4, 2.0bps/Hz • Cell-edge SE: DL4x2: 0.09bps/Hz , UL1x4: 0.075bps/Hz • 10 × Peak rate @LTE: - 450Mbps@2rx UE, 3CC - 3Gbps@8rx UE, 5CC

Thank you !