ONE-CHILD CHINA GROWS UP CHAPTER 4 HUMAN POPULATIONS A country
faces the outcomes of radical population control
Slide 3
The growth rate of a population is the percent increase of
population size over time.
Slide 4
The growth rate is affected by births, deaths, and the number
of people moving into or out of a regional population.
Slide 5
Global human population has had two growth spurts: Industrial
Revolution, 1700s Agricultural revolution, 10,000 years ago
Slide 6
Chinas standard of living improved greatly in the second half
of the 20th Century. Life expectancy increased from 45 to 60 years
old.
Slide 7
Chinas crude death rate fell, but its crude birth rate held
steady. By 1970, Chinas population had swelled to nearly 900
million.
Slide 8
Other developed nations have gone through this demographic
transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death
rates.
Slide 9
China supports a quarter of the worlds population on just 7
percent of the planets arable land (fit for growing crops).
Slide 10
In the 1950s, famine claimed 30 million lives in China. In the
1970s, shortages in consumer goods led to rationing. The government
blamed overpopulation.
Slide 11
In the 1970s, China feared more growth: Two-thirds of the
population was under the age of 30 Those born in 1950s, 1960s were
entering their reproductive years
Slide 12
In 1979, China issued a decree: No family could have more than
one child.
Slide 13
Explain the differences between these age structure diagrams
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Slide 14
Chinas goal (shared by many countries): zero population
growth.
Slide 15
This occurs when the number of people born equals the number of
people dying; in other words, replacement fertility rate is
reached.
Slide 16
Reaching zero population growth takes two steps: Identifying
why birth rates are high Taking steps to reduce them
Slide 17
Demographers use age structure diagrams to predict the future
growth potential of a population.
Slide 18
Age structure diagrams show: Sex ratio: number of males per
1,000 females. Age structure: percentage of population in various
age groups
Slide 19
Based on the age structure diagrams above, which country has
the highest capacity for growth and will experience the highest
growth rate? A. Country A B. Country B C. Country C D. Countries A
& B Clicker Question
Slide 20
Which country would you classify as mature and most likely to
experience stable population growth? A. Country A B. Country B C.
Country C D. Countries A & B Clicker Question
Slide 21
Many industrialized nations have top-heavy age structure
diagrams with many older people (the United States, for
example)
Slide 22
These countries struggle to care for rapidly aging populations:
France raised retirement age from 60 to 62 U.S. baby boomers
retirement fuels debates on Social Security
Slide 23
Do Now With the world population now over 7 billion people, and
scheduled to reach 8 billion in 2023, what can be done to stop or
slow the growth rate? What is being done now if anything?
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Slide 24
Chinas age structure diagram has changed since the one-child
policy: In 1982, 5% older than 65 By 2050, 15% projected to be
older than 65
Slide 25
Chinas sex ratio of males to females also changed: By 2020, it
is estimated that there will be 30 million more men than women in
China. In 1979, the ratio was 1.06 In 2011, the ratio was 1.17
Slide 26
New problems for China: Fewer adult children to care for aging
relatives Fewer young workers Fewer women for men to marry
Slide 27
In 2011, China began considering allowing select couples to
have a second child.
Slide 28
Worldwide, population growth rates are declining, but the
overall number is still positive, so world population is still
growing.
Slide 29
Every environment has a carrying capacity the maximum
population size the area can support.
Slide 30
There are roughly 7 billion people on the planet today. We may
have already exceeded Earths carrying capacity.
Slide 31
One problem we face is our dependence on nonrenewable energy
sources: they will not last indefinitely.
Slide 32
Whether we stabilize at 9 or 10 billion or more depends on how
quickly we lower total fertility rates (TFR) worldwide.
Slide 33
Many demographers believe addressing social justice issues of
overpopulation will help countries with high TFRs confront what
lies ahead.