3.1.1 Baseline Study Area 3.1.2 Methodology of Baseline Study

Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Proposed Manufacturing Unit

M/s. Holzwood industries Pvt. Ltd Survey No.: 1763 Village: Vadasma; Taluka & District: Mehsana, Gujarat

T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad NABET Accrredited

Chapter – 3 : Description of Environment 3.2

3.1.1 Baseline Study Area To carry out Environment Baseline Monitoring and to generate baseline environmental data,

study area of 10 km radial distance from project site has been selected. Base line data of ambient

air quality, water quality, land use & land cover, topography, ecology as well as socio economic

status was collected for study area of 10 km.

3.1.2 Methodology of Baseline Study

For the generation of baseline data, guidelines proposed by MoEF&CC as well as generic TORs

issued by Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) of MoEF&CC has been taken into consideration.

Relevant secondary data available for different environmental components were collected and

analyzed. Baseline planning has been described in Table 3.1 in brief.

Table 3.1 – Brief Baseline Planning

Sr. No.

Environmental Attribute

Description of Baseline Planning

1 Air

Monitoring Frequency: 24 hourly twice a week throughout the study period No. of Locations: 8 locations in core and buffer zone of the project site Parameters: SO2, NOx, PM2.5, PM10, CO, VOC.

2 Meteorology

Monitoring Frequency: On hourly basis for entire study period Location: Near Project Site Parameters: Temperature, Relative humidity, Wind direction, Wind speed, Precipitation

3 Water

Surface Water Monitoring Monitoring Frequency: Once during Monitoring Period No. of Locations: 8 locations in core and buffer zone of the project site Parameters: As per CPCB guidelines

Ground Water Monitoring Monitoring Frequency: Once during Monitoring Period No. of Locations: 8 locations in core and buffer zone of the project site Parameters: As per CPCB guidelines

4 Noise Monitoring Frequency: Day & Night Time monitoring; No. of Locations: 8 locations within core & buffer zone of study area

5 Ecology & Biodiversity Study

Monitoring Frequency: Once in a study period Locations: 10 km aerial distance from the project site Methodology: Visual encounters (Detail methodology describe into the EB report)

6 Landuse Pattern Monitoring Frequency: Once in a season Location: 10 km radius (aerial distance) from the project site Methodology: Sentinel satellite image procured from NRSC, Hyderabad

7 Geology, Geohydrology

Monitoring Frequency: Once in a season Locations: 10 km radius (aerial distance) from the project site Methodology: Site survey through field visit

8 Soil Monitoring Frequency: Once in a season No. of Locations: 8 locations within core & buffer zone of study area Methodology: As per CPCB guidelines





3.2 Air Environment

Dispersion of different air pollutants released into the atmosphere have significant impacts on

the neighborhood air environment of an industrial project and forms an important part of impact

assessment studies. The ambient air quality status with respect to the study area of 10 km

radius from the plant site will form the base line information over which the predicted impacts

due to the proposed plant can be super imposed to find out the net (final) impacts on air

environment. From the final impacts a viable Environmental Management Plan (EMP) can be

prepared based on the impact statement for the air environment. The baseline status of the

ambient air quality can be assessed thorough scientifically designed ambient air quality

monitoring network. The design of monitoring network in the air quality surveillance program

has to be based on the following considerations.

Meteorological conditions on synoptic scale.

Topography of the study area.

Representation of regional background levels.

Representation of plant site.

Representation of cross sectional distribution in the downward direction.

Influence of the existing sources if any, are to be kept at minimum.

Inclusion of major distinct villages to collect the baseline status.

Villages having large population and near to the plant site.

3.2.1 Micrometeorological Data

[Answer to TOR no. 6(i)] Micro-meteorological data within the project area during the air quality survey period is an

indispensable part of air pollution study. The meteorological data recorded during survey period

is very useful for proper interpretation of the baseline information as well as serves as an input,

to predictive models for air quality impacts.

To understand meteorological scenario primary and secondary data are collected. This data is

used in the interpretation of wind scenario. This data is used in the interpretation of wind

scenario. The data collected from the both sources are summarized as follows:

Table 3.2 Meteorological Data Collection Period

Meteorological data

Primary data (October 2019 to December 2019): Parameters like

Wind speed and its direction, Temperature, Humidity and Precipitation

collected for project site using Automatic Weather Station at >10 m

height.

Secondary data (Last 30 Years): Secondary data has been collected

from the nearest IMD source (Ahmedabad) for Temperature, Humidity,

Rainfall, and Wind Speed.





3.2.1.1 Meteorological Data from Secondary Sources

The climate of the Mehsana district is characterised by hot summer and general dryness except

during the southwest monsoon seasons. The year can be divided into four seasons. The period

from March to May is the hot season (summer) followed by southwest monsoon from June to

September, October and November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season.

The cold season (winter) starts from December and ends in February.

The mean maximum temperature ranges between 37.10C during September to 32.80C during

December and the mean minimum temperatures vary between 22.60C during September and

8.80C during December. The relative humidity varies between 65 % (March/April) and 85 %

(August). The mean wind speed varies from 7.6 kmph (July) and 3.1 kmph (December). Long-

term average annual rainfall recorded by IMD station at Ahmedabad is 635.4 mm. Most of the

rainfall (about 501.9 mm) is received from south-west monsoon between June to September.

Climatological data of nearest IMD station which is Ahmedabad is given in the Table 3.3.

Table 3.3: Monthly Mean values of Meteorological Data (Secondary Data)

Month Air Temperature

(°C)

Humidity

(%)

Mean Wind

Speed

(Kmph)

Rainfall

(mm)

Max. Min. Max. Min.

January 32.3 7.9 63 35 3.2 0.3

February 35.4 9.2 56 26 3.9 0.8

March 40.2 14.1 50 21 4.3 1.9

April 43.1 19.6 56 20 4.9 4.1

May 44.4 24 65 25 6.3 22.7

June 42.9 24 74 44 6.8 124.5

July 37.7 23.3 85 69 7.6 90.9

August 34.8 23.2 87 72 6.9 99.6

September 37.1 22.6 82 60 4.7 186.9

October 38.1 16.9 65 41 4.1 72

November 35.7 12.3 57 36 3.9 24.8

December 32.8 8.8 61 37 3.1 6.8

Annual Mean 44.6 6.9 65 48 5.0 635.4

Source: As per Climatological Table – IMD, Ahmedabad Station (1981-2010)

The wind rose diagram obtained from meteoblue organization for the entire year based on 30

years of hourly historical weather data for Mehsana location is presented in Figure 3.1





Fig. 3.1 Wind Rose Diagram of Entire Year (Secondary Source)

Source:https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/mahes%c4%81na_india_1264389

Interpretation: Spoke of predominant wind indicates that

8 % of the time winds blow from SW to NE at >1-5 Km/h. 25 % of the time winds blow from SW to NE at >5-12 Km/Hr 37 % of the time winds blow from SW to NE at >12-19 Km/hr 28 % of the time winds blow from SW to NE at >19-28 Km/hr 2 % of the time winds blow from SW to NE at >28-38 Km/hr





3.2.1.2 Primary Meterological Data (October 2019 to December 2019)

Meteorology of the study zones plays an important role in the study of air pollution.

Micrometeorological conditions at the proposed project site regulate the dispersion and dilution

of air pollutants in the atmosphere. For this purpose a weather station was installed near the

plant site for the period Sepetmeber 2019 to December 2019 and recorded hourly observations

for the parameters like Maximum and minimum Temperatures (oC), Relative Humidity (%), Wind

Speed (m/sec), Wind direction and Rainfall (mm).

Meteorological conditions, of the site, regulates the transport and diffusion of air-pollutants

released into the atmosphere. Ambient temperature, wind speed, wind direction and

atmospheric stability are called primary or basic meteorological parameters because the

dispersion and diffusion of pollutants depend mainly on these parameters. Humidity,

precipitation, pressure and visibility are secondary meteorological parameters as this control the

dispersion of the pollutants indirectly by affecting primary parameters.

The hourly-recorded observations during above stated study period are used icomputing

percentage frequencies and are depicted in the form of ‘wind roses’. Primary meteorological data

are shown in Annexure - 4. Based on the stated wind rose diagram it can be interpretated that

seasonal downwind direction of the study area lays between North- North- East (NNE) to North-

East (NE).

Figure 3.2: Photograph showing Automatic Weather Station installed

near project site





3.2.2 Selection of AAQ Stations Ans. to TOR no.6 (II)

As per the guidelines of CPCB, a network of eight ambient air-sampling locations has been

selected for assessment of the existing status of air environment within the study zone of 10 km.

The sampling locations were selected according to CPCB guidelines. The heights of the sampling

locations were kept between 3 to 6 m in all the locations. After inspection of the area and

observing the topographical features and review of the available meteorological data and local

conditions the sampling sites were chosen which will be the representative of the local areas

under study.

Fig. 3.3 Map showing Ambient Air Quality locations

Source: Satellite Image (Google Earth)

3.2.2.1 Existing AAQ (Pre-project) Status

Ambient levels of pollutants such as PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO and VOC are selected for the

sampling. The methodology of sampling and analysis in detail is given in the following Tables 3.4

& 3.5





Table: 3.4 Ambient Air Monitoring locations

Sr. No.

Ambient Air

Locations

Located

in

Distance in km

Direction Taluka District GPS

Coordinates Total

Polpulation Justification

1 Project Site

- 0 - Mehsana Mehsana 23°23'38.89"N 72°28'18.98"E

- Compulsory location

2 Dangarva U.W. 1.6 SW Kadi Mehsana 23°22'19"N 72°27'39"E

5355 upwind direction

3 Vadasma D.W. 2.39 NE Mehsana Mehsana 23°24'33"N 72°29'27"E

6522

Project site village and Pre-Dominant D. W. Direction 0-5 km

4 Saldi D.W. 6.83 NE Mehsana Mehsana 23°25'56"N 72°31'35"E

2890

Pre-Dominant D. W. Direction 5-10 km

5 Nandasan C.W. 6.13 NE Kadi Mehsana 23°22'50"N 72°24'38"E

13,440

Most Populated village and 2nd upwind

6 Akhaj 3rd Pre

D.W. 9.90 N Mehsana Mehsana

23°29'10"N 72°27'42"E

4634 Historical place

7 Karjisan C.W. 1.55 SE Kadi Mehsana 23°23'4"N

72°29'14"E 2971 Cross wind

8 Hadvi C.W. 0.46 NNW Mehsana Mehsana 23°23'55"N 72°28'8"E

780 Nearest village

Figure: 3.4 Photograph showing Ambient Air Monitoring

Village : Akhaj

Coordinates: 23°29'10"N, 72°27'42"E

Village: Project site

Coordinates: 22°23'37"N, 72°28'20"E





Table 3.5: Air – Parameters Analyzed and Sampling Duration

Attribute Parameter Frequency of Monitoring

AAQ

PM10, PM2.5,

SO2, NO2, CO

& VOC at 8

locations

24 hrs. Sampling for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, - Two days per week

during the study period (October 2019 to December 2019).

24 hrs. Sampling for CO & VOC – Once in the study period

(October 2019 to December 2019)

The stated monitoring was carried out in accordance with the

guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Scientific

Manual of GPCB and National Ambient Air Quality Standard

(NAAQS) of CPCB.

Table 3.6 Ambient Air Quality - Methodology

Pollutant Method of analysis

Va

ria

ble

s

Du

st PM10 Particulate Matter 10 IS 5182 (Part 23)

PM2.5 Respirable Suspended Particulate

Matter 2.5

STP No. TRA/STP/AA/02 Based on

manual instrument manufactures.

Ga

ses

SO2 Sulfur dioxide IS 5182 (Part 2)

NO2 Nitrous Oxides IS 5182 (Part 6)

VOC Volatile Organic Carbon TRA/STP/AA/07 (Based on manual

instrument manufactures)

CO Carbon Monoxide TRA/STP/AA/07 (Based on manual

instrument manufactures)

Various statistical method like standard deviation, geometric mean, minimum; maximum

concentrations have been used and different percentiles have been computed from the data

examined during sampling in all sampling stations.





Table 3.7: Ambient Air Monitoring Results (Baseline Period: (Sepetmber 2019 to December

2019). Ans. to TOR no.B (3)

Parameter Particular

Ambient Air Quality Locations

Project

Site Nandasan Vadasma Hadvi Saldi Akhaj Karjisan Dangarva

NAAQ

Standard

(24 hrs.)

PM 2.5

(µg/m3)

Min 40.07 41.35 28.09 33.04 35.31 38.54 43.38 37.48

60 µg/m3

Max. 46.42 51.37 35.62 38.91 41.07 45.96 48.97 43.36

Mean 43.80 47.61 32.25 36.03 37.87 41.80 45.80 40.20

98th

Percentile 46.39 51.24 35.44 38.86 40.79 45.32 48.79 43.15

PM 10

(µg/m3)

Min 74.05 78.73 59.26 65.21 64.07 68.39 74.05 65.21

100 µg/m3

Max. 82.03 84.41 66.96 72.30 68.95 75.84 81.51 72.30

Mean 78.85 81.38 62.65 68.65 66.91 71.83 77.86 68.65

98th

Percentile 81.67 84.32 66.58 72.30 68.71 75.80 81.38 72.30

SO2

(µg/m3)

Min 11.12 9.71 8.92 7.67 6.32 14.41 7.03 9.59

80 µg/m3

Max. 20.97 16.24 14.60 13.36 9.54 18.83 11.43 14.51

Mean 18.94 12.60 12.50 10.40 7.76 16.25 9.61 11.90

98th

Percentile 20.78 15.75 14.57 13.26 9.50 18.34 11.25 14.43

NO2

(µg/m3)

Min 28.81 19.44 20.72 25.65 17.64 29.09 17.22 18.04

80 µg/m3

Max. 36.68 27.44 28.21 33.97 25.72 37.94 27.71 24.72

Mean 32.69 22.62 22.85 29.64 20.93 32.05 22.32 22.01

98th

Percentile 36.55 26.54 28.15 33.54 24.86 36.96 26.70 24.69

Note: CO: Not Detected; VOC: Below Detectable Limit

3.2.2.2 Baseline Data Interpretation of AAQ of Study Area

The maximum concentrations 98th percentile is recorded at Nandasan with PM10 of 84.32

g/m3, as the location is adjacent to road.

The maximum concentrations 98th percentile is recorded at Nandasan with PM2.5 of 51.24

g/m3, as the location is adjacent to road.

The maximum concentrations 98th percentile of SO2 found at project site with 20.78

g/m3, similarly the maximum concentration 98th percentile of NO2 found at Akhaj with

36.96 g/m3.

All the above results are found well within the prescribed limits of National Ambient Air

Quality standards. CO was not detected and VOCs was below detectable limits.





3.2.3 Air Quality Index

3.2.3.1 Objective of Air Quality Index:

Air Quality index is an effective tool to know overall status of ambient air quality in

baseline monitoring area and its impact on health of public. Air Quality Index (AQI) is

one such tool for effective dissemination of air quality information to people. As per

CPCB guideline, there are six AQI categories, namely Good, Satisfactory, Moderately

polluted, Poor, Very Poor, and Severe. The overall objective of the project can be

stated as under:

“To adopt/develop an Air Quality Index (AQI) based on national air quality standards, health

impacts and monitoring programme which represent perceivable air quality for general public

in easy to understand terms and assist in data interpretation and decision making processes

related to pollution mitigation measures.”

The AQI values and corresponding ambient concentrations (health breakpoints) as

well as associated likely health impacts for the identified eight pollutants are as

follows:

AQI Category, Pollutants and Health Breakpoints

AQI

Category

(Range)

PM10

24-hr

PM2.5

24-

hr

NO2

24-

hr

O3

8-hr

CO

8-hr

(mg/m3)

SO2

24-hr

NH3

24-hr

Pb

24-hr

Good (0-

50)

0-50 0-30 0-40 0-50 0-1.0 0-40 0-200 0-0.5

Satisfactory

(51-100)

51-

100

31-

60

41-

80

51-

100

1.1-2.0 41-80 201-

400

0.5 –

1.0

Moderately

polluted

(101-200)

101-

250

61-

90

81-

180

101-

168

2.1- 10 81-

380

401-

800

1.1-

2.0

Poor

(201-300)

251-

350

91-

120

181-

280

169-

208

10-17 381-

800

801-

1200

2.1-

3.0

Very poor

(301-400)

351-

430

121-

250

281-

400

209-

748*

17-34 801-

1600

1200-

1800

3.1-

3.5

Severe

(401-500)

430 + 250+ 400+ 748+* 34+ 1600+ 1800+ 3.5+

Source: Report on National Air Quality Index published by CPCB, New Delhi





Table 3.8: Baseline Status of Ambient Air Quality

AQI Rating Associated Health Impacts

0-50 Good Minimal Impact

51-100 Satisfactory May cause minor breathing discomfort to sensitive

people.

101-200 Moderately

polluted

May cause breathing discomfort to people with lung

disease such as asthma, and discomfort to people with

heart disease, children and older adults.

201-300 Poor May cause breathing discomfort to people on prolonged

exposure, and discomfort to people with heart disease

301-400 Very Poor

May cause respiratory illness to the people on

prolonged exposure. Effect may be more pronounced in

people with lung and heart diseases.

401-500 Severe

May cause respiratory impact even on healthy people,

and serious health impacts on people with lung/heart

disease. The health impacts may be experienced even

during light physical activity.

Source: Report on National Air Quality Index published by CPCB, New Delhi

Based on the measured ambient concentrations, corresponding standards and likely

health impact, a sub-index is calculated for each of these pollutants. The worst sub-index

reflects overall AQI. Associated likely health impacts for different AQI categories and

pollutants have also been suggested, with primary inputs from the medical expert

members of the group.

Based on analysis results of AAQ monitoring (Table 3.8) in baseline monitoring area, AQI

calculated as under:





Table 3.9: Baseline Status of Ambient Air Quality

Sr.No. Location AQI

1 Project Site 79 2 Nandasan 81

3 Vadasma 63

4 Saldi 67

5 Hadvi 69

6 Akhaj 72

7 Karjisan 78

8 Dangarva 69

Interpretation of Air Quality Index

According to National Air Quality Index prescribed by CPCB, the result obtained is shown in table

given above. AQI of baseline monitoring locations are ranges form 63 to 81. It seems that quality

of ambient air is satisfactory. It may cause minor discomfort to sensititve people. So, it is advice

to sensitive people to take necessary precautions.





3.3 Noise Environment

Noise word come from the Latin word ‘nauseas’, is a loud outcry or commotion that is

unpleasant, unexpected, or undesired with various frequencies over the audible range due to the

regular activities of the mankind primarily noise pollution (or environmental noise) is

displeasing human, animal or machine-created sound that disrupts the activity or balance of

humans or animals life. The source of most outdoor noise worldwide is mainly evolved from

industries, constructions and transportation systems, including motor vehicle noise, aircraft

noise and rail noise, poor urban planning may give rise to noise pollution.

Industrial noise resulting to noise pollution has many reasons such as industries being close to

human habitats which prevent the noise from decaying before it reaches human ear.

A determination is made of the micro scale impact by predicting anticipated noise levels for each

alternative during both construction and operational phases. Predicted noise levels are

compared with applicable standards or criteria in order to assess the impact.

The physical description of sound concerns its loudness as a function of frequency. Noise in

general sound which comprises of many frequency components with different variations in

loudness over the audible frequency range.

Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, a single number, the response of an

average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loud levels, the

response of the human ear to sound is dependent on the frequency of the sound and this has led

to the concept of weighting scales. In the "A-weighting" scale, the sound pressure levels for the

lower frequencies and higher frequencies are reduced by certain amounts before they are being

combined together to give one single sound pressure level value. This value is designated as dB

(A). The dB (A) is often used as it reflects more accurately the frequency response of the human

ear. A perceived loud noise has a high dB or dB (A) value and a soft noise has a low one. The

human ear has peak response around 2,500 to 3,000 Hz and has a relatively low response at low

frequencies.

3.3.1 Existing Noise Levels

Pre-project noise levels have been monitored at different points within the study zone and

device manufactured by LUTRON SL 4033-SD was used for this purpose. Keeping in view of

various local activities such as residential and Industrial activities 8 noise level measurement

locations were identified and the sites are depicted in the Fig. 3.5 & Table 3.10





Table 3.10: Noise Monitoring Locations Ans. to TOR no.6 (VII)

Figure: 3.5 Photograph showing Noise monitoring sample collection

Village : Hadvi Village : Vadasma

Coordinates: 22°23'54"N, 72°28'10"E Coordinates: 23°24'53"N, 72°29'20"E

S.No. Village Distance (km)

Direction Located in

Latitude & Longitude

Taluka District Total Population

Zone

1 Project Site 0 - - 23°23'38.89"N 72°28'18.99"E

Mehsana Mehsana - Industrial

2 Vadasma 2.21 NE DW 23°24'36.93"N 72°29'8.24"E

Mehsana Mehsana 6522 Residential

3 Karjasan 1.34 SE CW 23°23'2.86"N 72°28'52.95"E

Kadi Mehsana 2971 Residential

4 Dungarva 1.6 WSW 2ND

UW

23°22'54.86"N 72°27'37.70"E

Kadi Mehsana 5355 Commercial

5 Hadvi 0.47 NNW CW 23°23'49.98"N 72°28'6.07"E

Mehsana Mehsana 780 Silent

6 Takiya 1.99 W CW 3rd

DW

23°23'46.76"N 72°27'5.15"E

Kadi Mehsana 1342 Commercial

7 Jamnapur 2.92 NNW CW 23°25'12.57"N 72°27'51.93"E

Mehsana Mehsana 1531 Residential

8 Anandpura (Nandasan)

3.26 WSW 2ND

DW

23°23'6.93"N 72°26'23.28"E

Vadnagar Mehsana 556 Silent





Fig. 3.6 Map Showing Noise Sampling Locations

Source: Satellite image (Google Earth)

3.3.2 Data Analysis

The recorded sound levels are given in Table 3.11 and 3.12. Out of all the 8 locations measured

for noise levels. Recorded Noise levels are found to be within the standard limits.

Table 3.11:Noise Level Monitoring Data (Day timings in Leq dB (A) (October 2019 to

December 2019).

Day time Monitoring Sampling Location

Sampling Date

Category Recorded level in dB(A) Permissible

Limit (in db (A)) Minimum Maximum Leq

Project site 23.10.19 to

24.10.19 Industrial 61.8 72.9 68.6 75

Hadvi 24.10.19 to

25.10.19 Silence 37.3 49.2 46.5 50

Takiya 25.10.19 to

26.10.19 Residential 43.2 54.7 52.3 55

Jamnapar 26.10.19 to

27.10.19 Commercial 56 63.3 61.0 65

Vadasma 27.10.19 to

28.10.19 Residential 44.6 53.8 50.6 55





Day time Monitoring Sampling Location

Sampling Date



Karjisan 28.10.19 to

29.10.19 Residential 47.1 54.5 51.1 55

Dangarva 29.10.19 to

30.10.19 Commercial 56.2 62.4 59.9 65

Nandasan (Anandpura)

30.10.19 to 31.10.19

Silence 41.7 48.1 44.5 50

Table 3.12: Hourly Noise data (Night timings in Leq dB (A)) October 2019 –

December 2019

Night time Monitoring

Sampling Location

Sampling Date



Project site 23.10.19 to

24.10.19 Industrial 46.2 69.1 61.9 70

Hadvi 24.10.19 to

25.10.19 Silence 33.5 39.6 37.4 40

Takiya 25.10.19 to

26.10.19 Residential 38.4 42.3 41.0 45

Jamnapar 26.10.19 to

27.10.19 Commercial 40.2 53.9 48.8 55

Vadasma 27.10.19 to

28.10.19 Residential 37.6 43.4 40.7 45

Karjisan 28.10.19 to

29.10.19 Residential 37.1 43 40.6 45

Dangarva 29.10.19 to

30.10.19 Commercial 40 51.7 48.3 55

Nandasan (Anandpura)

30.10.19 to 31.10.19

Silence 33.3 38.8 36.5 40

3.3.3 Baseline Data Interpretation of Ambient Noise Quality (Day and Night Time)

Sound levels had been recorded according to IS: 9989:1991 (Reaffirmed 2001). The maximum

noise level measured in the study area was 72.9 dB (A) in day time and 69.1 dB (A) in night time

at project site, which were below the stipulated standards. The noise levels (Leq) of the

residential area within the impact zone varied from 44.5 – 68.6 dB (A) in the day time and 36.5 –

61.9 dB (A) in the night time.





3.4 Water Environment Ans. to TOR no.6 (IV) & (VI)

Studies on Water Environment aspects of ecosystem is integral for Environmental Impact

Assessment to identify sensitive issues and take appropriate action by maintaining balance of the

organisms in an ecosystem in the early stages of development of the project. The objective of this

report is to define the present environment in which the proposed plant will operate, to evaluate

all possible events, to ensure that all negative impacts are minimized, and to demonstrate that

proposed project has been appropriately announced to all interested parties so that their

concerns can be considered.

Water quality studies have been carried out in the study area to understand the availability of

water resources, possibility of water contamination and existing water quality.

3.4.1 Water Quality

Water of high quality is essential to human life as well as for flora & fauna and water of

acceptable quality is essential for drinking, agricultural, industrial, domestic and commercial

uses; in addition, most recreation is water based;

Therefore, major activities having potential effects on surface water are certain to be of

appreciable concern to the consumers.

3.4.1.1 Sample Collection and Analysis

The water resources in the study area may be classified into two major categories like Surface

water sources and Ground water sources.

Water samples were collected at 16 different locations, out of which 8 samples were selected

from surface water sources and 8 samples selected from ground water sources for physico-

chemical and biological parameters. Parameters like pH, Temperature and DO analysed at the

time of sampling. For other Parameter analysis the samples were preserved as per the

recommended techniques for various Elemental determinations as per `IS: 3025 (part I) 1987’.

These parameters were analyzed as per the procedures specified in ‘Standard Methods for

Examination of Water and Wastewater’ Published by American Public Health Association (APHA)

/ IS 3025. Ground water & Surface water samples results were compared with IS: 10500

specifications.

Method of Water Sampling The following procedures were followed while sampling:

• Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling.

• Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same

water.

• For surface water, bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface.





• At each point different sets of water samples were collected so as cover all the parameters.

• Proper attention is taken in proper numbering at the site.

• Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria.

• Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis

• Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions

and the results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed in the field

itself. Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed

and marked accordingly (IS: 3025 (part I) 1987)

• All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the

laboratory and freezed at < 5oC for analysis

• Field observations were noted in the field notebook

• As far as possible photographs were taken in almost all sampling points. Sampling &

analysis of all the parameters are as per APHA, 22nd Edition & IS: 3025.

Figure 3.7 Photograph showing Ground & Surface Water Sample Collection

Village:Langhanaj (GW) Coordinates: 23°27'1"N, 72°30'6"E

Village:Akhaj (GW) Coordinates: 23°29'9"N, 72°27'59"E

Village : Kaiyli (SW) Coordinates: 23°24’ 8"N, 72°25'40"E

Village:Vadasma (SW) Coordinates: 23°24'45"N, 72°29'34"E





Table: 3.13 Water Monitoring Locations

Ground water monitoring locations Surface water monitoring locations

Sr. No. Location Name Sr. No. Location Name

1 Project Site 1 Vadasma 2 Vadasma 2 Langhanaj 3 Langhanaj 3 Akhaj 4 Akhaj 4 Kaiyal 5 Nandasan 5 Nandasan 6 Karjisan 6 Karjisan 7 Vadu 7 Vadu 8 Dangarva 8 Dangarva

Fig. 3.8 Map showing Ground Water Monitoring Locations






Fig. 3.9 Map showing Surface Water Monitoring Locations


Method of Water Sampling

The following procedures were used while sampling:

Washing the bottles/cans with distilled water prior to the sampling

Before collection of water the bottles/cans are again washed 2-3 times with the same water

For surface water, Bottles were lowered to a minimum depth of 30 cm below water surface.

At each point Different sets of water samples were collected so as cover all the parameters

Proper attention is taken in proper numbering at the site

Sterilized bottles were used for the samples that are to be analyzed for bacteria

Civil supply water pipeline taps are sterilized before collection for bacteriological analysis

Parameters like pH, conductivity and temperature were analyzed in the field conditions and

the results were reconfirmed after getting to the laboratory. DO is fixed and titrated in the

field itself.

Appropriate preservatives are added, depending upon the elements to be analyzed and

marked accordingly (IS: 3025 (part I) 1987)

All the water samples collected in the ice box, were immediately transported to the

laboratory and free zed at <50C analysis

Field observations were noted in the field notebook

As far as possible photographs were taken in almost all sampling points. Sampling &

analysis of all the parameters are as per APHA, 22nd Edition & IS: 3025.





3.4.1.2 Data Analysis

The physiochemical and biological analysis of the collected sample results are given in Table 3.14 & 3.15

Table 3.14 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Ground Water (October 2019 to December 2019)

Sr No Parameters Project Site Vadasma Langhanaj Akhaj Nandasan Karjisan Vadu Dangarva Acceptable

Limit Permissible

Limit

1 pH 7.63 7.90 7.20 8.10 7.68 7.50 7.64 7.40 6.5-8.5 No

Relaxation

2 Temp(°C) 27.9 34.2 33.0 33.7 33.3 28.9 30.2 30.0 -- --

3 Color(cu) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) 5 15

4 EC(µS) 1735 2706 1912 1147 1318 894 1694 2512 -- --

5 DO(mg/L) 3.02 4.02 3.10 3.70 4.03 3.17 4.12 4.07

6 Turbidity(NTU) 0.14 B.D.L(DL=0.1) B.D.L(DL=0.1) 0.33 0.19 B.D.L(DL=0.1) 0.23 0.18 1 5

7 Ammonical

Nitrogen(mg/L) 3.2 3.1 1.4 1.1 0.8 0.7 3.0 3.9 -- --

8 Chloride as Cl

(mg/L) 260 246 295 113 123 182 265 187 250 1000

9 Total Hardness

as CaCO3 (mg/L)

529 490 559 245 294 324 441 461 200 600

10 Ca Hardness

(mg/L) 390 400 340 70 200 240 370 210 -- --

11 Mg Hardness

(mg/L) 139 90 219 175 94 84 71 251 -- --

12 Calcium as Ca(mg/L)

156.3 160.3 136.3 28.1 80.2 96.2 148.3 84.2 75 200

13 Magnesium as

Mg (mg/L) 33.9 21.9 53.2 42.5 22.9 20.3 17.3 60.9 30 100

14 Carbonate

(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) -- --






Limit Permissible

Limit

15 Bicarbonate

(mg/L) 252 378 360 180 270 261 288 432 -- --

16 Nitrate as

NO3(mg/L) 4.01 4.34 3.81 3.26 3.66 3.74 2.61 2.49 45

No Relaxation

17 Fluoride as F

(mg/L) 1.46 B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) B.D.L(DL=0.2) 1.79 B.D.L(DL=0.2) 1.61 1 1.5

18 Sodium as Na

(mg/L) 78 85 121 76 67 84 59 81 -- --

19 Potassium as

K(mg/L) 20 57 37 11 9 13 21 19 -- --

20 Boron as B

(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 0.5 1

21 Phenol (mg/L) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L

(DL=0.01) B.D.L

(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01)

B.D.L (DL=0.01)

-- --

22 Phosphate as Po4 -3(mg/L)

B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- --

23 Phosphorus as

P(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- --

24 Sulphate as SO4

(mg/L) 100.1 64.2 49.8 59.9 25.7 47.6 48.2 48.5 200 400

25 Nitrite as No2

(mg/L) 0.6 0.71 B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01)

B.D.L(DL=0.01)

B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.0

1) -- --

26 TDS (mg/L) 1180 1840 1300 780 896 608 1152 1708 500 2000

27 TSS (mg/L) 84 36 88 32 60 68 96 32 -- --

28 TS (mg/L) 1264 1876 1388 812 956 676 1248 1740 -- --

29 COD 24.0 32.0 16.0 8.0 28.0 12.0 20.0 36.4 -- --

30 BOD 7.6 9.7 4.8 2.4 8.5 3.6 6.1 10.9 -- --

30 Total Coliform (per 100 ml)

Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected






Limit Permissible

Limit

31 Faecal Coliform

(per 100 ml) Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected Not detected

Note: BDL = Below Detection Limit, D.L. = Detection Limit, NS = Not Specified, ND = Not Detected :

Permissible Limit is applicable in the absence of Alternate source

3.4.1.3 Baseline Data Interpretation of Ground water analysis

pH is found between 7.12 to 8.10 which is well within the acceptable limit at all location.

Fluoride is found higher than permissible limit in Karjisan and Dangarva.

Ground water is suitable for domestic and agricultural purpose after primary treatment.

Table 3.15 Water Quality - Physico-chemical Analysis of Surface Water (October 2019 to December 2019)

Sr No Parameters Vadasma Langhanaj Akhaj Kaiyal Nandasan Karjisan Vadu Dangarva Acceptable

Limit Permissible

Limit

1 pH 8.3 9.0 9.7 8.9 9.3 7.3 9.1 9.5 6.5-8.5 No

Relaxation

2 Temp(°C) 31.5 33.1 36.9 33.6 34.2 32.4 29.9 29.5 -- --

3 Color(cu) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) B.D.L(DL=5) 5 15

4 EC(µS) 212 553 388 859 271 171 318 176 -- --

5 DO(mg/L) 3.8 3.0 4.3 3.4 3.7 2.8 3.1 2.1

6 Turbidity(NTU) 0.37 0.42 0.81 0.27 0.65 0.83 0.54 0.20 1 5

7 Ammonical

Nitrogen(mg/L) 2.0 2.3 1.5 1.6 2.2 2.8 1.0 3.3 -- --






Limit Permissible

Limit

8 Chloride as Cl

(mg/L) 15 30 55 40 70 40 80 105 250 1000

9

Total Hardness as CaCO3

(mg/L) 186.0 147.1 196.1 196.0 235.3 274.5 313.7 254.9 200 600

10 Ca Hardness

(mg/L) 88.0 98.0 127.5 118.0 147.1 107.8 58.8 49.0 -- --

11 Mg Hardness

(mg/L) 98.0 49.0 68.6 78.0 88.2 166.7 254.9 205.9 -- --

12 Calcium as Ca(mg/L)

35.4 39.3 51.1 47.2 58.9 43.2 23.6 19.6 75 200

13 Magnesium as

Mg (mg/L) 23.8 11.9 16.7 19.1 21.4 40.5 61.9 50.0 30 100

14 Carbonate

(mg/L) 84 45 69 57 48 B.D.L(DL=5) 66 54 -- --

15 Bicarbonate

(mg/L) 252 135 207 171 144 243 198 162 -- --

16 Nitrate as

NO3(mg/L) 1.43 1.59 1.57 1.70 1.58 2.03 1.46 1.47 45

No Relaxation

17 Fluoride as F

(mg/L) 0.98 0.51 0.74 0.81 0.94 0.63 0.88 0.54 1 1.5

18 Sodium as Na

(mg/L) 27 18 38 13 10 14 19 31 -- --

19 Potassium as

K(mg/L) 17 4 21 7 4 8 9 11 -- --






Limit Permissible

Limit

20 Boron as B

(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) 0.5 1

21 Phenol (mg/L) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) -- --

22 Phosphate as Po4 -3(mg/L)

B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- --

23 Phosphorus as

P(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) B.D.L(DL=1) -- --

24 Sulphate as SO4

(mg/L) 13.8 13.6 31.1 17.1 14.3 19.1 40.8 31.7 200 400

25 Nitrite as No2

(mg/L) B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.960 B.D.L(DL=0.01) 1.080 B.D.L(DL=0.01) 0.91 B.D.L(DL=0.01) B.D.L(DL=0.01) -- --

26 TDS (mg/L) 144 376 264 584 184 116 216 120 500 2000

27 TSS (mg/L) 32 44 88 40 48 40 52 28 -- --

28 TS (mg/L) 176 420 352 624 232 156 268 148 -- --

29 COD 8 16 73 69 29 61 78 94 -- --

30 BOD 2.4 4.9 21.1 20.8 8.6 18.4 23.3 28.2 -- --

31 Total Coliform (per 100 ml)

39 MPN 33 MPN 84 MPN 58 MPN 48 MPN 70 MPN 79 MPN 63 MPN

32 Faecal Coliform

(per 100 ml) Not detected Not detected Not deteted Not deteted Not deteted Not deteted Not deteted Not deteted

Note: BDL = Below Detection Limit, NS = Not Specifies, D.L. = Detection Limit, ND = Not Detected

3.4.1.4 Baseline Data Interpretation of surface water analysis





pH is found higher than acceptable limit in Langhanaj lake, Akhaj lake, Kaiyal Lake, Nandasan (Anandpar) Lake, Vadu Lake and Dangarva

Lake.

TDS is within the limit except Kaiyal where TDS is found to be slightly higher than acceptable limit.

Total coliform were found in all villages due to the cattle washing, presence of algae, use of water for domestic activites.

According to Water Quality Criteria prescribed by CPCB, the Surface water of Vadasma Lake and Karjisan Lake fall under the class E. Thus,

surface water can be used for domestic and agricultural purpose.

3.4.1.5 Water Quality Index

Table 3.16 Water Quality Index

Parameter

Standard Project

Site Vadasma Laghanaj Akhaj Nandasan Karjisan Vadu Dangarva

S1 Weight

(wi) Realtive

Weight(Wi) SI1 SI2 SI3 SI4 SI5 SI6 SI7 SI8

pH 7 4 0.1 13.21 13.68 12.47 14.03 13.30 12.99 13.23 12.81

Chloride as Cl- 250 3 0.1 9.45 8.95 10.73 4.11 4.47 6.62 9.64 6.80

Total Hardness as CaCO3

200 2 0.1

16.03 14.85 16.94 7.42 8.91 9.82 13.36 13.97

Calcium as Ca++ 75 2 0.1 31.52 32.32 27.47 5.66 16.16 19.39 29.90 16.97

Magnesium as Mg++

30 2 0.1

28.08 18.18 44.24 35.35 18.99 16.97 14.34 50.71

Nitrate as NO3- 45 5 0.2 1.35 1.46 1.28 1.10 1.23 1.26 0.88 0.84

Fluoride as F 1 4 0.1 17.70 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 21.70 0.00 19.52

Sulphate as SO4-

2 200

4 0.1 6.07 3.89 3.02 3.63 1.56 2.88 2.92 2.94

TDS 500 4 0.1 28.61 44.61 31.52 18.91 21.72 14.74 27.93 41.41

Bicarbonate* 244 3 0.1 9.39 14.08 13.41 6.71 10.06 9.72 10.73 16.10 33 1.0 161.40 152.02 161.08 96.91 96.40 116.09 122.93 182.05

Poor Poor Poor Good Good Poor Poor Poor





3.5 Soil Environment

Land study is important for Environmental Impact Assessment to identify sensitive issues and

take appropriate action by maintaining ‘ecological homeostasis’ in the early stages of

development of the project. The objective of this report is to define the present environment in

which the proposed action is to occur, to evaluate all the possible eventualities, to ensure that

all negative impacts are minimized and to demonstrate that the proposed project has been

appropriately announce to all the interested parties so that their concerns can be considered.

For this purpose baseline data (biotic and abiotic factors) has been studied around 10 km radius

of the project. This data has been generated during October 2019 to December 2019.

3.5.1 Methodology of Sample Collection and Analysis

Soil

For soil quality analysis 8 sampling sites were chosen to understand physio-chemical and

biological status of the soil. Photograph showing soil sampling is shown in Fig. 3.10 and the

sampling sites are marked in Fig. 3.11. This will establish the baseline characteristics and will

facilitate identifying the contamination if any due to the proposed project.

Collection of soil samples and analysis

Disturbed soil samples were collected from the rotary cuttings and bailers and also from split

spoon samplers. Un-disturbed tube samples were collected using thin walled tubes. Soil samples

were collected such that structure and moisture content of the soil do not get altered. In

accordance with IS: 2720, split samples were carefully extracted from the samplers.

Meticulous was paid to collect adequate amount of composite soil samples for analysis. The

samples were packed in dependable, waterproof containers and marking specified accurately

and distinctly. All the soil samples and core boxes were carefully transported to the testing

laboratory. Soil sampling and analysis has been done as per the Indian Standard IS – 2720.

Figure: 3.10 Photograph showing soil sample collection

Village : Hadvi

Coordinates: 23°23'41"N, 72°28'3"E

Village : Vadasma

Coordinates: 23°24'53"N, 72°29'20"E





Parameters analyzed for soil samples were pH, Electrical Conductivity, Organic Matter, Total

Phosphorus, Sodium, Potassium, Cation Exchange Capacity, Water Holding Capacity and SAR,

Total Nitrogen, calcium, Magnesium, Organic carbon, Moisture.

Fig. 3.11 Map showing Soil Sampling Locations


Table: 3.17 Soil sampling Location

Sr.

No. Village

Distance

(km) Direction

Latitude &

Longitude

Total Population

Zone

1 Project

Site 0 -

23°23'38.89"N

72°28'18.99"E - Agricultural

2 Vadasma

2.21 NE 23°24'36.93"N

72°29'8.24"E 6522 Agricultural

3 Karjasan

1.34 SE 23°23'2.86"N


4 Dangarva

1.6 WSW 23°22'54.86"N


5 Hadvi

0.47 NNW 23°23'49.98"N


6 Tankiya

1.99 W 23°23'46.76"N


7 Jamnapur

2.92 NNW 23°25'12.57"N


8 Anandpura

3.26 WSW 23°23'6.93"N






3.5.2 Baseline Data Interpretation of Soil Analysis

1. Soil PH ranges from 6.6 to 7.68 indicates that soils are neutral to slightly alkaline.

2. EC values of soil samples ranges from 124 to 386 (µS / cm) show that soils have normal

Ec. So, soil seems to be normal.

3. The values of CEC ranged from 18.5 (Meq/100gm) as the lowest at Jamnapar village and

44.4 (Meq /100 gm.) as the highest at Dangarva Village. As the soil have greater amount

of Ca and Mg salts, these basic cations would have contributed to higher CEC.

4. Organic carbon content by soil samples varied from low to high. The soil of Anandpura

village has low organic content, the soils of project site, Takiya, Jamnapar and Karjisan

villages have medium organic content and the soils by Hadvi, vadasma and Dangarva

villages have high organic carbon content. The possible explanation of high high organic

carbon content may be that crop residues are buried after the harvest of crops, use of

organic manures and green manuring by the farmers.

5. Nutrient availability of soil samples reveals that soils are low in nitrogen and

phosphorus and high in potash content.

6. Calcium and magnesium salts are more than critical levels in all the soil samples.

7. As soils of project ara are sandy loam to medium black, water holding capacity of soils

varied from medium to good.

8. Sodium content of the soil samples of study area is found to be in the range of 2.17 to

4.01(mglg).





Table: 3.18 Physicochemical Parameters of the soil

Sr. No.

Parameter Unit Project

Site Hadvi Tankiya Jamnapur Vadasma Karjisan Dangrava Anandpura

1 pH -- 6.22 7.42 7.68 6.60 6.87 7.51 7.42 7.59

2 Organic Matter % 0.53 1.11 0.66 0.70 1.44 0.71 1.38 0.40

3 Total Phosphorous mg/kg B.D.L

(DL=1) B.D.L

(DL=1) 1.12

B.D.L (DL=1)

B.D.L (DL=1) B.D.L

(DL=1) 1.10 1.36

4 Electrical Conductivity

µs/cm 386 241 236 344 124 188 272 341

5 Sodium mg/g 2.17 3.20 4.01 2.40 2.19 2.83 4.14 3.38

6 Potassium mg/g 1.18 1.32 2.54 1.38 1.64 2.19 3.48 1.93

7 Cation Exchange Capacity

meq/100gm 39.1 31.0 29.7 18.5 37.8 37.0 44.4 36.8

8 Water Holding Capacity

% 28.91 45.64 31.97 38.77 39.29 36.68 34.90 33.62

9 SAR -- - - - - - - - -

10 Moisture % 9.09 11.86 8.81 8.76 9.02 7.31 10.77 9.67

11 Organic Carbon % 0.53 1.11 0.66 0.70 1.44 0.71 1.38 0.40

12 Calcium meq/100gm 2.11 3.09 3.75 2.10 1.90 4.01 3.12 1.71

13 Magnesium meq/100gm 2.49 3.78 3.37 3.50 3.80 3.82 3.86 4.28

14 Total Nitrogen % 12.51 11.28 14.53 17.93 14.49 18.81 19.49 19.34

BQL = Below Quantification Limit





3.6 Geo-Hydrological Features

Introduction

A Mehsana city is an important major inland city in the Gujarat state, and is the sixth largest city

in the country. Rapid urban, Auda, Industrial growth and its continuous expansion has created

problems related to water supply sewage/effluent disposal leading to ground water depletion

and pollution.

The present report incorporates Urban & Auda hydrogeology and ground water scenario based

on the scientific information gathered from CGWB, GWSSB, GWRDC and other state agencies with

special reference to Recharge Activity.

The average annual dependable rainfall (1961-1995) is 875 mm. contributed mainly by

southwest monsoon active from mid June to mid September. The area has semi-arid climate with

drought frequency of 34%.

The area forms part of North Gujarat Alluvial plain with elevations ranging from 40 to 60 m MSL

with southerly master slope. River Sabarmati passes through the central part of the area and is

ephemeral.

The area is underlain by post Miocene alluvium comprising sand, gravel, silt, clay. The alluvium is

about 400m thick under laid by Tertiary formations.

General Information of Mehsana Taluka

Total number of villages = 109

Total area of Taluka in Sq. Kms.= 791.40

Saline area = NIL

Fresh water area = 791.40 Sq.Kms.

Hard rock area = NIL.

Aluminum area = 791.40 Sq.Kms

Feasibility =Deep Tubewell (D.R.)

Quality of Groundwater = Potable water & Partly Saline

Climate& Rainfall

The climate of the area is semi-arid and is characterized by a hot summer and general dryness

except during the south west monsoon between the months June and September. There is a

meteorological observatory at Ahmedabad manned by IMD. May is the hottest month with mean

daily maximum temperature of 41.3˚ C and the mean daily minimum temperature of 26.3 ˚ C. The

highest maximum and lowest minimum temperature recorded at Ahmedabad are 47.8 ˚ C (1961)

and 2.2 ˚ C respectively.

Dependable Rainfall = 897 mm = 0.897 mt. Last 30 year average Rainfall = 740 mm





Geology-Hydrology Ans. to TOR no.4 (X)

Formation-Geology Land form: Alluvial Plain

The area under investigation is part of north Gujarat alluvial plain and geologically it falls within

the Cambay sedimentary basin. The general geological succession of the basin established by

the ONGC is given below:

Table: 3.19 General Geological Succession of the Basin Established by the ONGC

Period Age Litho logy Thickness

Quaternary

Near

Holocene

Pleistocene

Alluvium Max. 700 m About

400 m

Ahmedabad

Tertiary Miocene Sandstone and Shale Maximum 900 m

-------------------------------------- unconformity ------------------------------------

Oligocene Sandstone, Shale and

Limestone

Maximum 160 m

Eocene Shale, Siltstone with

minor sandstone and

limestone

intercalations

About 100 m in

center of basin

Cretaceous Deccan Trap

The thickness of Quaternary sediments (Post-Miocene alluvium) is about 400 m around city

Taluka of Ahmedabad district. The alluvium mainly consists of palaeo deltaic, fluvial and Aeolian

sediments. Comprising alternate bands of fine to course grained sand, gravel and yellowish,

brownish sticky clay. The upper layers area mainly silty-fine sands of Aeolian nature. The

alluvium is underlain by a thick sequence of tertiary formation.

Hydrogeology & sub surface Aquifer system

AMC, GWRDC, GWSSB & other govt. agencies has constructed a number of tubewell under different

programmers. In addition a number of tubewell have been constructed by Pvt. Housing societies

for drinking purpose most in sub urban area & Auda area.

The litho logical logs of exploratory bore holes drilled by CGWB, GWSSB, and GWRDC etc in and

around Auda area have been studied to understand the sub surface geology and the aquifer system.

These bore holes have penetrated the thick sequence of post Miocene sediments down to 300 m

depth.





A perusal of Lithological logs reveals the presence of alternating argillaceous and aranaceous

horizons with “Kankar” and gravel beds at places. It further reveals that the sediments at shallow

depths extending down to 40-50 mts. Depth in general are uniform in character and composed of

medium to fine sands, silt with kankar and minor clay lenses. This sandy silty horizon is Aeolian in

character. The sand: clay ration in the bore holes ranges from 1:0.23 to 1:0.76.

The hydro geological cross sections have been prepared to study the subsurface geology and

aquifer system in the area. It reveals that the existence of multi-layered aquifer system within a

depth of about 250 + m.bgl. Two major aquifer units are identified the G.W. in the upper unit down

to average 40 m depth, occurs mainly under Phreatic conditions. The lower units comprising more

than 250m of alternating sand, and clays horizons from multiple confined aquifer system. In

general three distinct confined aquifers with thickness varying from 12 to 30m can be identified.

These aquifer lie between the following: 45 to 90m

100 to 170 m

180 to 250 +m. bgl. Separated by clays and sandy clays that forms aquifer.

Drainage Pattern

The area has a drainage pattern which is of the parallel and trellis type and which is controlled by

the topography and structure and tectonics of the region. All the small streams flow from the higher

grounds and meet ultimately drain water which flow from south to north direction to south west

direction near project area. The area drainage ultimately meets with Gulf of Khambhat.

Area has diverse landscape made up of small hills, valley, drainage flow, Platue and alluvium plain.

The terrain slope is southly in the north and westernly in the south number of major river drains

the area. Due to terrain constraint it is necessary to adopt proper soil conservation and sand water

development and management practice for w/s in sustained basis. Because of short span of

monsoon season and limited storage capacity and rapid cut flow for hard rock aquifers, that is need

to provide ground water recharge facilities to supplement its which drawl at a time of summer.

As various components of the hydrologic system-Catchment runoff , base flow and ground water an

integrated at the level of river basins, river basin should be the unit of governance and management

of water resource such a system of governance will ensure integration of physical sustainability

consideration and the social economical and environmental consideration in water resources

management planning which ultimately result in good governance.

Depth of Ground Water Table

District wise status of ground water Development in Gujarat is shown in Table 3.20





Table 3.20 District wise status of ground water Development in Gujarat (2011)

Feasibility of Source at Mehsana

Mehsana area is checked on ground water prospect map, prepared by National Remote sensing

Agency, Dept. of space, G.O.I Hyderabad map sheet no 46A07 for feasibility of source. The details

are as under.

1) Hydro geomorphic unit APD -11

2) Geological sequence: - Quaternary Sediments Alluvium –Sand, silt & Clay Alternating

Bends (11).

3) APD - 13 Alluvium Plain Deep

Depth of water level :- 90 to 150 mts. (81 Tube wells)

Recharge condition :- Good

Aquifer material :- L.S. Loose Sediments

Type of well suitable :- T.W.-tubewell,

Depth of tubewell :- 180 to 200 mts. yield :- 200 to 400 LPM

Homogeneity in the unit :- High

Quality of water :- P. Portable

Ground water irrigated area :- 70 to 80 %

Recharge structure suitable: - RW & DT. High priority

R.W. – Recharge well (Tubewell) & D.T. Desilting of Tank.

Problems/limitations of the area: It is major unit with more then 300 m thick alluvium. It is extensively cultivated by Ground Water. Ground water can be tapped

in deeper alluvium through deep tubewell. It is over exploited zones. Further

development not recommended. Recharge structure can be given high priority to

sustain well yields. Tubwell need 90-115 mts casing

Sr.No Details Mehsana

Dist. (MCM) Mehsana

Taluka (MCM)

1. Total Annual Ground water recharge 880.25 168.55

2. Net Annual Ground water Availability 836.24 160.12

3. Total Annual Ground Water Draft 970.68 203.2

4. Projected Demand for Domestic and Industrial up to 2025

74.55 18.70

5. Ground water Availability for Future Irrigation 4.23 0.00

6. Stage of Ground Water Development (%) 116.08 126.91

7. Category Over

Exploited Over Exploited





Fig. 3.12 Ground Water Prospect Map





3.7 Land Use Status Ans. to TOR no.4 (IX)

Introduction

The land-use & land cover map of the 10 km radius study area from the project site has been

prepared using Sentinel Satellite image procured from NRSC (National Remote Sensing Centre),

Hyderabad. Land use pattern of the study area as well as the catchment area was carried out by

standard methods of analysis of remotely sensed data and followed by ground truth collection

(Benchmark) and interpretation of satellite data. The outcome of land use study has been

presented below in subsequent table and figures. The data was processed through Q-GIS

Software tools available with ESRI Package. The land use map of the 10 km study area is

presented in Figure 3.13.

Land use & land cover classification results

Land Cover is the physical material at the surface of the earth (it include grass, asphalt, trees,

bare ground, water, etc.) whereas Land use is the human use of land.

Land Use involves the management and modification of natural environment or wilderness into

built environment such as fields, pastures, and settlements. It has also been defined as "the

arrangements, activities and inputs people undertake in a certain land cover type to produce,

change or maintain it".

There is no one ideal classification of land use and land cover, and it is unlikely that one could

ever be developed. There are different perspectives in the classification process, and the process

itself tends to be subjective, even when an objective numerical approach is used.

Concepts concerning land cover and land use activity are closely related and in many cases have

been used interchangeably. The purposes for which lands are being used commonly have

associated types of cover, whether they are forest, agricultural, residential, or industrial.

The present Land use / Land cover map for the proposed project activity is prepared by current

vintage of satellite image. This report thus will enable assessing the impact on land use pattern

in the study area due to the proposed project activity.

(A) DATA USED

Current vintage data of Indian Remote Sensing satellite Sentinel Satellite image FCC (False

Color Composite) has been used for preparation of Land use/ Land cover thematic map of

study area. Survey of India toposheet as a reference map on 1:50,000 scales have been used for

preparation of base layer data like road, rail network, village and mine site and for geo

referencing of satellite image.

Technical Details

Satellite Image - Sentinel Satellite Image

Satellite Data Source - NRSC, Hyderabad

Software Used - Earth Resources Data Analysis System (ERDAS) Imagine and QGis





(B) METHODOLOGY

Land use / Land cover map preparation, Base map creation; Geometric and Radiometric

correction of satellite image has been processed using ERDAS Imagine Software.

Salient features of the adopted methodology are given below:

Acquisition of satellite data.

Preparation of base map from Survey of India toposheets.

Data analysis using visual interpretation techniques.

Ground truth studies or field checks.

Finalization of the map.

Digitization using heads up vectorisation method.

Area calculation for statistics generation.

(C) INTERPRETATION OF REMOTE SENSING DATA

Satellite images are composed of array of grid, each grid has a numeric value that is known as

digital number. Smallest unit of this grid is known as a pixel that captures reflectance of ground

features represented in terms of Digital number, each representing specific land features.

Using image classification technique, the satellite data is converted into thematic information,

map based on the user’s knowledge about the ground area. Hybrid technique has been used i.e.

visual interpretation and digital image processing for identification of different land use and

vegetation cover classes based on spectral signature of geographic feature.

Spectral signature represents various land use classes. Image interpretation keys are

developed based on image characteristics like color, tone, size, shape, texture, pattern, shadow

etc, which enables interpretation of satellite images for ground feature. Training sites are then

assigned based on their spectral signature & interpretation elements. Using image

classification algorithm land use map is generated.

A total of seven land use/land cover classes have been demarcated in the study area following

Level I, II and III classification (Table 3.21). A thematic map suitable for 1:25,000 scale map

generation incorporating these classified categories has been prepared and considering that

the area of the project is considerably small a large scale map is prepared (Figure 3.14). The

area as a whole represents plain area with very gentle sloping to nearly level area & to the

north of area flowing from south to north and it is also observed that the major stream ( No

River) are linked with these two main drainage that debouche into the. Medium level industrial

zone covered for 3.81 sq. km., the total land area of scrub land covered 02.03 sq. km. and

251.13 sq. km. area covered under agriculture land as well as agriculture plantation 23.38 sq.

km. has developed mainly in the area adjacent to the rivers.

The adjoining area of project site is totally agricultural land including Kharif, Rabi and Summer

crop, constitute the dominant category of land use covering as much as 251.13 sq. km. of the

total area. Active river canal forming the perennial water body together with the numerous

open & wastelands form a major and minor land cover category. Active river and its tributaries

flowing into it cover about 0.15 sq. km. of the total project area. Due to large seasonal variation





in discharge of these rivers, the area coverage of this category various in space and time. The

consistently shifting nature of the river and consequent bank migration has resulted in large

uncultivated & rural settlement along the active plain area towards the site location. These

areas (1.25 sq. km.) are village pond and waterbody in the development area of the project site

and are located within the uncultivated land areas significant distribution. The land use for

settlement is mostly confined to the ‘rural and urban settlement’ (built up-rural) 12.62 sq. km.

and land without scrub feature 19.69 sq. km. of the total area & as such there is no current

fallow land because the satellite used is of March month when most of the crop is towards

senence or maturity.

Table 3.21: Land Use Land Cover Classification

Sr.no LULC Class Area (km2) Percentage

1 Mixed settlement 12.62 4.02 2 Mining / Industrial 3.81 1.21 3 Crop land 251.13 79.94 4 Agriculture plantation 23.38 7.44 5 Waterlogged 0.08 0.02 6 Scrub land Dense 2.03 0.65 7 Scrub land Opne 19.69 6.27 8 River / Stream / Drain 0.15 0.05 9 Lakes / Ponds 1.25 0.40

Total 314.15 100.00


M/s. Holzwood industries pvt. Ltd Survey No.: 1763 Village: Vadasma; Taluka & District: Mehsana, Gujarat

T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad NABET Accredited


Fig. 3.13 Land use and Land cover map of the 10 km radius of the study area Ans. to TOR no.4 (IX)





Fig. 3.14 Satellite Image of the 10 km radius of the study area





Fig. 3.15 Infrastructure Map of the 10 km radius of the study area





3.7.1 Topography

The topographic feature & drainage pattern of the study area have been studied from SRTM3,

2008 data having resolution of 3 arc seconds. The toposheet have been analysed using QGIS

application to generate the contour line at interval of 10 kms considering one elevated area in

the study region. Further, the digital elevation data have been analysed to determine the slope &

elevation profiles of the each individual villages of the study area as well as whole study area to

ascertain the landform of the villages and study area.

It has been observed that the major area of study area is levelled plain to nearly level with small

slopes. Two areas in the study region have been noticed with considerably gentle slope near

Village Vadasma making the landform of small slopes indicating small plain with the elevation

profile. Over all slope direction of the study area is noticed towards south to north.

The maximum elevation and higher slope is found near northern part of Hadvi, Tankiya and

Dangarava village where a medium height is situated.

The generated streams indicated that the most of the area are covered by two main stream i.e.

No River flowing. Topography of the area is characterized by dominating plain area with very

gentle sloping to nearly level area

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL

Digital Elevation Models are data files that contain the elevation of the terrain over a specified

area, usually at a fixed grid interval over the "Bare Earth". The intervals between each grid

points will always be referenced to some geographical coordinate system. This is usually either

latitude-longitude or UTM (Universal Transverse Mercator) coordinate systems. The closer are

together the grid points, more detailed information will be in the file. The details of the peaks

and valleys in the terrain will be better modelled with small grid spacing than when the grid

intervals are very large. Elevations other than at the specific grid point locations are not

contained in the file. As a result peak points and valley points not coinciding with the grid will

not be recorded in the file. For practical purpose this "Bare Earth" DEM is generally

synonymous with a Digital Terrain Model (DTM).

(A) DATA USED

DEM Data: Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) data

Software Used: ERDAS Imagine & Q-GIS.





Fig. 3.16: Topography map of the 10 km radius of the study area



3.8 Ecology & Biodiversity

3.8.1 Introduction In order to understand the ecological status of different habitats, status of biodiversity in and

around the proposed project area - Holzwood industries pvt. Ltd, the field work was carried out

in October 2019. In addition, data analysis and report preparation was carried out from

December 2019. Summary of the field surveys are given in Table 3.22.

Table 3.22: Information of Field Survey

Month Particular September 19 Collection and compilation of secondary data on biodiversity

in and around the project sites

October 19 Field survey and collection of primary data on flora, fauna, local interview to collect crops data and traditional data on medicinal and wild life information

January, February 19

Data entry, Data analysis & Report Preparation

3.8.2 Methodology

Collection and collation of project related secondary information including Biodiversity,

Cropping pattern, Land use-Land cover (LuLc) data etc. Analysis of GOOGLE maps with available

project document conducted our first rapid survey of the project area to identify existing major

habitat types within the study area (Agriculture hedges and road side habitats; wasteland, open

scrub and gauchar land in and around the villages; and Riverine / Wetlands, i.e., village ponds,

tanks and dry nallah). In addition relevant documents and maps were also obtained from

project authority/client and EIA consultant. The project study area was delineated into GOOGLE

map and identified major LuLc for biodiversity inventory study on available topo maps of study

areas.

3.8.2.1 Collection of primary field-based data

After various meeting with project authority and consultant, we finalized our field-level

approach and methodology for collection of primary biodiversity related data.

This field approach involved mainly the survey-based primary data collection on various

biodiversity components of the project objectives. The field data collection mainly included

biodiversity assessment of different life forms of floral species such as; trees, shrubs & climbers,

herbs and grass. Faunal diversity was also assessed by inventorying the major group like

herpetofauna, birds and mammals.

For biodiversity assessment we followed standard methods for each component like for plants

survey, we laid a plots at various site specific habitat and perambulated method been employed

to document each plant species with their phonological and other important details like

medicinal value from local villagers, associated habitat, local name etc. While, for bird species



survey, we followed total count method for aquatic species (Bhupathy 1991) and point counted

survey (Bibby et al., 1992) employed to survey terrestrial species.

In case of herpetofauna, method suggested by Welsh (1987) been employed and intensive time

constrained search been employed for each dominant habitat. Daniels (1992) and Burnham et

al., (1980) methods been followed to search mammalian species through direct count and

indirect count, respectively.

3.8.2.2 Detail Sampling Method & Literature Review

(A) Floral Status

Status of floral diversity was assessed in representative habitats of each type like; wastelands which include: open scrub forest and Prosopis juliflora thickets, semi wilderness area, agricultural hedge, near human habitation, plantation, stream and river beds and wetlands (inland).

(B) Faunal Status

1. Herpetofauna

Status of herpetofauna was assessed using Intensive Time Constrained Search Method

covering different micro habitats (Welsh, 1987, Welsh and Lind 1991). This intensive

search was made in different habitat types randomly selected.

2. Birds

Avifaunal status was assessed both in terrestrial and aquatic habitats. Total count or

flock count method was adopted to assess the status of aquatic birds in the existing

water bodies (Sridharan 1989 and Bhupathy 1991). Point count method was used to

assess the status of terrestrial birds (Bibby et al., 1992 and Hutto et al., 1986). The

second technique adopted was area search method (Dieni and Jones 2002), a time area

constrained survey technique that has been widely and commonly used in several bird

monitoring programs.

3. Mammals

Status and distribution of different mammal species was quantified using Direct count

Vehicle transects (travelling between the sampling location) (Burnham et al. 1980) and

indirect evidences within the survey areas (Rodgers 1988 and Sale and Berkmuller,

1988). Indirect evidences like, Pellet, dung, tracks (Thommpson et al 1989, Allen et al

1996), scat count (Henke and knowlton 1995) and other signs were enumerated using

standered method for nocturnal species (Daniels 1992). Presence of different faunal

species was also substantiated by interviewing the local people and experts with

pictorial representation.



(C) Biodiversity Status

This section discuss the ecological status of biota for the M/s. Holzwood Industries Pvt. Ltd.. The

baseline status of biota (plant and animals) discussed at various site-specific as well as habitat

specific.

(D) Study Habitats

Based on the Survey of India 1:50,000 Topo sheet, the area falling within 5 kms (Near Project

Areas) and 10 kms (In and around the Project Areas) radius from the PPA site was

predominately dominated by four major habitat types such as: agricultural land (agro-

ecosystem),wastelands, riverine/nallah and Forest areas. However, for the study purpose they

have been delineated into more than five sub-habitat types according to the nature of vegetation

existing and use of faunal species.

1. Agro-ecosystem (areas in and around the villages and road sides); it means areas currently

under intensive agriculture use (irrigated lands, un-irrigated lands/rain fed irrigation) and it’s

surrounding hedge vegetation (locally known as - wadis) owned by the private people. Since

these areas are rich in moisture availability due to continuous cultivation it supports diverse

floral and faunal species and formed major habitat of the PPA.

2. Waste land with open scrub and gauchar land (areas near to villages and scattered in and

around the agricultural landscape); mainly small patches of waste lands (Gauchar lands,

cultivable waste) with wild species of scrub vegetation and scattered tree species which belongs

to revenue /government or private. These patches are not true and designated forest areas.

3. Riverside and wetland (near to villages and small dams); this includes the area on the banks

of seasonal rivers, streams, small nallahs and dams.

4. Forest Areas; only a true forest is found after 8-9 kms. Of project sites i.e. Paneli RF and

dominant by thorny species with scattered deciduous stunted trees. Since, we surveyed in late

winter season, could not able to listed annual wild species and other biota.

3.8.3 Status of Flora

(A) Taxonomical status of plant species

Within the sample plots of the study areas, a total of 136 plant species belong to 117 genera and

54 families were recorded. In addition, dicotyledons are dominant plant group and represented

by 124 species (91.18%) (Table 3.23). In addition, maximum species (101 Nos.) were recorded

from agriculture habitat and followed by wasteland/habitation habitat (91 species) and wetland

hedges/dry Riverine areas (53 species) (Annexure A).



H’ Diversity of plan species calculated through collection of number of individual species in

three areas, the overall H’ recorded is high (2.89) compared to buffer and core area; shows the

low plant species diversity in and around the proposed project site.

Table 3.23 Overall taxonomic Status of Plant Species in Study Area

Taxonomical status

Dicotyledons Monocotyledons Overall

Families 51 3 54

Genera 105 12 117

Species 124 12 136

Relative % 91.18 % 8.82 % 100 %

H’ Overall 2.89

Study Area 2.32

Buffer Area 1.75

Core Area

(B) Life Form status of plant species

Study area reported 136 plant species and they formed 13 sub-categories of lifeforms

within five main categories. Among the life forms, herb was dominated by recording 53

species and contributed maximum of 38.97% of the total list of plants followed by trees

(35 species and 25.74%). Third dominating life form was shrub species (27) and shared

19.85%. The contribution other life forms was less than 10% of the species list. (Table

3.24(1)). In addition, habitat-wise life form distribution in study areas shows, all the life

form were well distributed in agriculture and wasteland/habitation habitats compared

to wetland/riverine habitat (Table 3.24 (2)).

Table 3.24 (1) Status of Life form of plant species reported in Study Area

Life Form Numbers Relative %

Herb Aquatic Herb 1

53 38.97

Herb 52

Grass Grass 10

11 8.09

Sedge 1

Climber

Climber 6

10 7.35

Parasite 1 Twiner 2 Woody Twiner 1

Shrub Shrub 14

27 19.85

Under Shrub 8 Straggling Shrub 5

Tree Tree 27

35 25.74 Small Tree 8

TOTAL 136 136 100.00



Table 3.24 (2): Habitat-wise life form Status of plant species

Life Form Nos. Agriculture Wetland/Riverine Wasteland/Habitation

Herb

Aquatic Herb 1

1

Herb 52 31 25 31

Total & Rel.% 53 58.49 49.06 58.49

Grass

Grass 10 10 1 3

Sedge 1 1 1 1

Total & Rel.% 11 100.00 18.18 36.36

Climber

Climber 6 6 1 3

Parasite 1

1

Twiner 2 2 2 2

Woody Twiner 1 1 1 1

Total & Rel.% 10 90.00 40.00 70.00

Shrub

Shrub 14 9 5 9

Under Shrub 8 7 6 7

Straggling Shrub

5 5 3 4

Total & Rel.% 27 77.78 51.85 74.07

Tree

Tree 27 23 6 23

Small Tree 8 6 1 6

Total & Rel.% 35 82.86 20.00 82.86

TOTAL 272

101 53 91

Total & Rel.% 74.26 38.97 66.91

(C) Status of Crop Species

Based on the intensive field survey in and around the agricultural area and dialogue with the

local farmers a total of 5 species have been listed from the study area as crop species. The crops

list includes 2 grains, 2 cash /commercial and one species cultivated for green fodder. Fruit and

vegetable crops were found cultivated along the agricultural hedges in a small extent of area

(Table 3.25 & Annexure A). In the study area, Divela (Ricinus communis) and Bajri

(Pennisetum typhoides) are the major crops cultivated extensively.

Table 3.25 List of Agriculture and Commercial Crop Species Recorded

Sr. No.

Species Name Local Name

Habit Family Season

1 Gossypium herbaceum auct. Non L. var. acerifolium(Guill. & Perr.) Chevalier

Kapas Shrub Malvaceae Winter

2 Pennisetum typhoides A. Rich. Bajri,

Bajaro Grass Poaceae Summer

3 Ricinus communis L. Divela, Arenda

Shrub Euphorbiaceae Monsoon

4 Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Juwar, Jawar

Grass Poaceae Fodder

5 Triticum asetivum L. Ghahun Grass Poaceae Winter



3.8.4 Status of fauna

We discuss status of various faunal groups like; amphibians, reptiles, birds (terrestrial and

aquatic) and mammals at study area level. Among the groups, due to taxa specific nature of life,

direct sightings of herpetofauna and mammalian fauna are always lower than the avifauna

which is comparatively more active. Therefore status of herpetofauna and mammals groups

were discussed at species richness and abundance levels predominately based on indirect

evidences for mammals reported within the sample area as well based on personal interview

with communities like farmers and pastoralist in and around the study areas.

(A) Herpetofauna

The buffer zone area covering 5 km radius reported overall 9 species belong to 9 genus and 6

families. Within the buffer zone, among the habitats types maximum of seven species were

recorded along the dry riverbeds (discussed and collected information from local people)

followed by five species in agriculture areas and two species in other habitats (Table 3.26).

Table 3.26 Taxonomical Status of Herpetofauna: PPA Study Areas

Group Family Species name Common English Name

IUCN Status

Amphibians Ranidae Euphlyctis

cyanophlyctis (Schneider, 1799)

DEDAKO Skittering Frog

LR-nt

Geckos Gekkonidae Hemidactylus brookii

(Gray, 1845)

GARODI Spotted Indian House Gecko

LR-lc

Agamid lizards Agamidae Calotes versicolor (Daudin, 1802)

KACHINDO Indian Garden

Lizard LR-nt

Sitana ponticeriana

(Cuvier, 1844) KACHINDI

Fan-Throated Lizard LR-lc

Skinks Scincidae Mabuya carinata

(Schneider, 1801)

SAP NI MASI Common Keeled

Grass Skink LR-nt

Monitor lizard Varanidae Varanus bengalensis

(Linnaeus, 1758)

GO Common Indian

Monitor VU

Snakes Boidae Eryx johnii (Russell,

1801)

ANDHARI CHAKOR Eastern Red Sand

Boa LR-lc

Coelognathus helena

(Daudin, 1803)

DHAMAN Common Indian Trinklet Snake

LR-nt

Ptyas mucosa

(Linnaeus, 1758) SAMO

Indian Rat Snake LR-nt

VU- vulnerable, LR-nt- Lower risk near threatened, LR-Ic- Lower risk least concern



(B) Status of Birds (Terrestrial and Aquatic)

Status of terrestrial and aquatic birds was assessed during latter part of winter and summer and

reported a total of 31 species belongs to 30 genera and 27 families in the buffer zone of study

area (Table 3.27). Habitat specific abundance resulted more contribution was from agriculture

and habitation areas; and there is no any permanent aquatic habitat existing within it, therefore

during the study period aquatic avifauna was reported from the nearby seasonal waterbodies

and reservoir. In addition, out of 31 species, 29 species are Resident (R) and rests of two species

are Resident Migratory (RM); and as per WLPA (1972) a total of two species recorded under

schedule-I, 28 species were recorded under schedule-IV and only a species recorded under

schedule-V category (Table 3.27).

Table 3.27 Overall Status of Terrestrial and Aquatic Birds: Study Area

S. No. Order, Family and Species

Common English Name MS Sch. FG

GALLIRORMES Phasianidae 1 Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl R I G UPUPIFORMES Upupidae 2 Upupa epops Common Hoopoe RM IV I CORACIIFORMES Alcedinidae 3 Alcedo Hercules Common Kingfisher R IV P Dacelonidae 4 Halcyon smyrnensis White-throated Kingfisher R IV P Cerylidae 5 Ceryle rudis Lesser Pied Kingfisher R IV P Meropidae 6 Merops orientalis Green Bee-eater R IV I CUCULIFORMES Cuculidae 7 Eudynamys scolopacea Asian Koel R IV F Centropodidae 8 Centropus sinensis Greater Coucal R IV O PSITTACIFORMES Psittacidae 9 Psittacula krameri Rose-ringed Parakeet R IV F APODIFORMES Apodidae 10 Apus affinis House(Little) Swift R IV I COLUMBIFORMES Columbidae 11 Columba livia Rock Pigeon R IV G 12 Streptopelia tranquebarica Red-collared Dove R IV G GRUIFORMES Rallidae 13 Gallinula chloropus Common Moorhen R IV A 14 Fulica atra Common Coot R IV A



S. No. Order, Family and Species

Common English Name MS Sch. FG

CICONIFORMES Charadriidae

15 Vanellus indicus Red-wattled Lapwing R IV I

Accipitridae 16 Phalacrocorax niger Little Cormorant R IV A Ardeidae 17 Ardea cinerea Grey Heron RM IV A Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret R IV AI 18 Threskiornithidae 19 Pseudibis papillosa Black Ibis R IV I PASSERIFORMES 20 Corvidae Corvus splendens House Crow R V I Dicrurus macrocercus Black Drongo R IV I 21 Muscicapidae 22 Saxicoloides fulicata Indian Robin R IV I Sturnidae 23 Acridotheres ginginianus Bank Myna R IV I Acridotheres tristis Common Myna R IV I 24 Hirundinidae 25 Hirundo daurica Red-rump Swallow R IV I Pycnonotidae 26 Pycnonotus cafer Red-vented Bulbul R IV I Sylviidae 27 Turdoides malcolmi Large Grey Babbler R IV G Alaudidae 28 Galerida cristata Crested Lark R IV GI Nectariniidae 29 Nectarinia asiatica Purple Sunbird R IV N Passeridae 30 Passer domesticus House Sparrow R IV G MS= Migratory Status, R= Resident, RM= Resident migratory; Sch= Schedule as per Wildlife Protection Act 1972; and FG= Feeding Guild, O= Omnivore, G= Granevore, P= Pisivore, C= Carnivore, I= Insectivore, A= Aquatic.



Fig. 3.17 Photographs showing Biodiversity Status

Black Ibis

Rose ringed parakeet

Comb Duck Cattle Egret

(C) Status of Mammals

As discussed with local people, within buffer zone only five species of mammalian fauna was

reported and each belongs to separate family/group. None of the family reported more than one

species and showed low species richness (Table 3.28). Since the study area dominated by

agriculture habitat, mammalian fauna showed low species richness.



Table 3.28 Overall Status of Mammals: Study Area

S. No. Scientific Name Species Food Habit WPA,1972 Status

Bovidae 1 Boselaphus tragocamelus (Pallas, 1766) Nilgai Herbivore III Canidae 2 Canis aureus (Linnaeus, 1758) Golden Jackal Omnivore II Herpestidae 3 Herpestes edwardsii (E.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire,1818) Grey Mongoose Omnivore II Leporidae 4 Lepus nilgricollis dayanus Desert Hare Herbivore - Suidae 5 Sus scrofa (Linnaeus,1758) Wild Boar Herbivore III Anon. 1972. The Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. Ammended 1991. Natraj Publication, Dehra Dun. 154 p.

3.8.5 Baseline Interpretation of Ecology & Biodiversity

This study reported a total of 136 plant species, 9 herpetofauna, 31 birds and 5 species of

mamamals from the buffer zone of M/s. Holzwood Industries Pvt. Ltd. However, no threatened

biodiversity reported with highest density or richness from the core and buffer zones of the

study area. The terrestrial ecosystem was dominated by agriculture landscape. The floral and faunal

diversity was very less. Only one species of threatened bird- Indian Peafowl was recorded in the

project area. No other threatened animal and plants were observed in the project area. The

project related activities do not claim land and no diversion of agriculture system into civil

works were involved. Therefore, no significant impact on terrestrial ecosystem-mainly

agriculture landscape and habitat of above said bird species was visualized. Hence, the overall

status assessment of the terrestrial ecosystem showed low productive potential of the land area

and is considerably free from the project related impacts.



3.9 Socio Economic Environment

3.9.1 Introduction

Major developmental activities in residential sector are to meet the basic as well as luxurious

requirements of civilized modern society, economic development, creation of employment

opportunities (direct as well as indirect), which ultimately results in improvement of quality of

life through upliftment of social, economic, health, education, infrastructure etc. status in the

project region. Almost all residential developments are also expected to generate/discharge

different forms of pollutants in the surrounding environment. This may cause natural resource

degradation, ecological and human health risks, unless the development is planned and

implemented in a sustainable manner through implementation of pollution prevention and

control measures. In this manner all developmental projects have direct as well as indirect

relationship with socioeconomic aspects. Thus the study of socio-economic component

incorporating various facets related to social & cultural conditions and economic status in the

project region is an important part of EIA study.

The study includes demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure resources,

status of human health and economic attributes like employment, per-capita income,

agriculture, trade and industrial development etc. The aesthetic environment refers to the

scenic value of the area, tourist attraction, forest and wildlife, historic and cultural monuments.

The studies of these parameters help in identifying, predicting and evaluating the likely impacts

on socioeconomic aspects due to proposed project developments. The Methodology adopted for

the study mainly includes review of published secondary data of the study area of 10km radial

distance from the periphery of the proposed project site, which comes under Mahesana District,

Gujarat state.

The study of socio-economic component of environment incorporating various facts related to

socio-economic conditions in the area forms an integral part of EIA process. The study includes

demographic structure, population dynamics, infrastructure, resources and economic attributes

refers to employment, industrial development and financial sustainability of the project. The

aesthetic environment refers to scenic value of the area, tourist attraction, forest and wild life,

historic and cultural monuments.

3.9.2 Objective of the study

The objectives of socio-economic study around the 10 km radial distance from the

project site are as follows:

To understand the socio economic conditions of people who leaving in nearest villages

of project site.

To know about environmental status of the project site area.

To examine the project unit and side effects on the peoples of the nearest area of project

site



3.9.3 Methodology

A judgmental and purposive sampling method was used for choosing respondents of various

sections of the society i.e. Sarpanch, adult males and females, teachers, medical practitioners,

businessmen, agriculture labors, fishermen, unemployed group etc. Judgmental and purposive

sampling method includes the right cases from the total population that helps to fulfill the

purpose of the research needs. Observations are restricted to this group & conclusions from

these observations are generalized to the total population, Judgment or purposive sampling is

very precarious, because must stronger assumption can made about the population and

sampling procedure then required while employing probability sampling.

3.9.4 Tools of data Collection

For the primary data collection, structured questionnaires will be used by survey team. This

format will include all type of village information like demographic details, infrastructure

details etc. For focus group discussion male, female group were interviewed in open spaces like

community hall, school ground, temple, Gram-Panchayat hall etc. Direct observation during

transit walk in villages, telephonic calls to peruse information is also comes under the primary

data collection, these methods also a part of primary data collection. For survey purpose,

selection of villages was performed in 10 km radial study area map. Survey method was used to

collect primary data from respondents, all of whom is the Head (Sarpanch) of the village under

consideration. A closed-ended and open ended questionnaire has been used to seek responses

from the sample respondents.

Table 3.29: List of Villages covered in 10 km Radius Area

Sr. No Name of Village Taluka District

1 Nandasan kadi Mahesana

2 Vijaypura(rural-1) Mahesana Mahesana

3 Langhraj Mahesana Mahesana

4 Rajpur kadi Mahesana

5 vadasma Mahesana Mahesana

6 Jornang - Mahesana

7 Charadu - Mahesana

8 Dangarva kadi Mahesana

9 Jhulasan kadi Mahesana

10 Mandli Mahesana Mahesana

11 Chaluva Mahesana Mahesana

12 Akhaj Mahesana Mahesana

13 Ghumasan kadi Mahesana

14 Vadu kadi Mahesana

15 Ranchodpura Unjha Mahesana

16 Karjisan kadi Mahesana

17 saldi Mehsana Mahesana

18 Taudali - Mahesana

19 Narola kadi Mahesana

20 Dharpur- khant becharji Mahesana

21 Chandarda kadi Mahesana

22 Chadasan kadi Mahesana

23 Navi shedhavi Mahesana Mahesana

24 Kherpur kadi Mahesana



25 Juni shedhavi Mahesana Mahesana

26 Laxmipura visnagar Mahesana

27 Mokasan kadi Mahesana

28 Jamnapur Mahesana Mahesana

29 Ganeshpura kadi Mahesana

30 Tankiya kadi Mahesana

31 Ambarpura kadi Mahesana

32 Anandpura kadi Mahesana

33 Badalpura Mahesana Mahesana

34 Vadpura kadi Mahesana

35 Hadvi Mahesana Mahesana

36 Vera govindpura - Mahesana

37 Balvantpura Mahesana Mahesana

38 Anandpur vadnagar Mahesana

39 Dhanpura Vijapur Mahesana

40 Naranpura kadi Mahesana

41 Krata amba* (*) These villages are not found in census 2011.

42 patiyad*

43 Khoraj*

44 Shankarpura*

45 Ambliyasan*

46 Nava*

47 Dingucha*

48 Pansar*

(*) These villages are not found in census 2011. Given above table of villages are within 10 km radiuses of project site area. Those villages are taken for observation purpose of socioeconomic and environmental geographically condition of area.

Table 3.30: Name of villages used in primary data collection

Sr. No

Name of Village

Distance

(km)

Latitude &

Longitude Taluka District Remarks

1 Project site 0 23°23'38.89"N 72°28'18.99"E

Mahesana Mahesana Compulsory Location

2 Vadasma 2.21 23°24'36.93"N 72°29'8.24"E

Mahesana Mahesana Project site Village,

3 Karjisan 1.34 23°23'2.86"N

72°28'52.95"E Kadi Mahesana 5th

Populated Village

4 Dangarva 1.6 23°22'54.86"N 72°27'37.70"E Kadi Mahesana 2

nd nearby village,

5 Hadvi 0.47 23°23'49.98"N 72°28'6.07"E Mahesana Mahesana 16

th Populated Village

6 Tankiya 1.99 23°23'46.76"N 72°27'5.15"E Kadi Mahesana

3rd

nearby village, near

railway line,

7 Jamnapur 2.92 23°25'12.57"N 72°27'51.93"E Mahesana Mahesana 8

th Populated Village

8 Anandpura (Nandasan)

3.26 23°23'6.93"N

72°26'23.28"E Kadi Mahesana 1st

nearby village,



Figure 3.18: Villages covered in 10 km Radius Area

The given above picture of Socio Monitoring Location of Holzwood Mahesana, in the Figure: 3.19 Green circle indicating 10 km radius area of project site and blue circle indicating 5 km radius area of project area, and Red circle indicating 1 km radius area of project site as well as Red drop pin indicating project site, and White location symbol indicating villages in the total 10 km radius of project area.

Figure 3.19: Villages covered in Primara data collection



The given above picture of Socio Monitoring Location of M/s. Holzwood Mahesana, in the picture Blue circle indicating 5 km radius area of project site and Red circle indicating 1 km radius area of project area and Blue drop pin indicating project site, as well as Pink location symbol indicating villages of baseline monitoring of project area.

3.9.5 Population Village/ town wise population composition as per 2011 census is listed in Table 3.31. According to primary data the total population of seven villages covered in 05 km radius is 24900. The male & female population is 12950 (52%) and 11950 (48 %) respectively, comparatively secondary data (census 2011) there were the total population of seven villages covered in 05 km radius is 19681. The male & female population is 10243 (52.05%) and 9438 (47.95 % the summarized data of population distribution is given in Table 3.31 and represented in Figure 3.20.

Table 3.31: Population Distribution in the Study Area

Sr. No

Name of Village

Primary data

Total population SC ST

Household

T M F T M F T M F

1 Project

Site

2 Vadasma 1500 7500 3900 3600 600 350 250 - - -

3 Karjisan 800 3500 1800 1700 175 90 85 - - -

4 Dangarva 2000 7000 3600 3400 1700 900 800 70 40 30

5 Hadvi 225 1700 900 800 255 130 125 - - -

6 Tankiya 300 1800 950 850 350 170 180 - - -

7 Jamnapur 350 2000 1050 950 1200 700 500 - - -

8 Anandpura Nandasan

265 1400 750 650 140 75 65 70 40 30

Total 5440 24900 12950 11950 4420 2415 2005 1120 590 530

Sr. No

Name of Village

Secondary data

Household Total population SC ST

T M F T M F T M F

1 Project

Site

2 Vadasma 1336 6522 3400 3122 497 265 232 - - -

3 Karjisan 661 2971 1535 1436 120 60 60 - - -

4 Dangarva 1129 5355 2797 2558 487 261 226 2 2 -

5 Hadvi 160 780 415 365 94 51 43 - - -

6 Tankiya 259 1342 692 650 241 119 122 - - -

7 Jamnapur 290 1531 794 737 77 40 37 - - -

8 Anandpura Nandasan 255 1180 610 570 79 38 41 37 20 17

Total 4090 19681 10243 9438 1595 834 761 39 22 17




Chapter-3: Description of Environment 3.60

Figure 3.20 Percentage of Total Population Distribution

3.9.6 Household

Household participation is the first, and I’d argue essential, step toward building a purpose-driven and fulfilling life for our children. Purpose is what saves us all from despair when the details of life become overwhelming or boring, and it is what fuels the determination, resourcefulness, and resolve that will see our children through to their goals.

After field survey and comparison of primary and secondary data of households, in the primary

data in the overall villages are much increased household level than secondary data (census

2011). Within primary data total households are 5440 of seven villages. Dangarva and Vadasma

have highest and Hadvi, Anandpura (Nandasan) has lowest number of household in the visited

villages. As well as in the secondary data, (census 2011) total number household were 4090 of

all villages. Dangarva and Vadasma were highest and Hadvi, Anandpura (Nandasan) had lowest

number of household in the all seven villages.

3.9.7 Occupational Structure

Occupatational structure:

Work is defined as participation in any economically productive activity with or without

compensation, wages or profit. Such participation may be physical and/or mental in nature.

Work involves not only actual work but also includes effective supervision and direction of

work. It even includes part time help or unpaid work on farm, family enterprise or in any other

economic activity. All persons engaged in 'work' as defined above are workers. Persons who

are engaged in cultivation or milk production even solely for domestic consumption are also

treated as workers. Occupational structure is divided in to 3 categories of total workers viz,

Main workers, Marginal workers and Non workers, in the both part of primary and secondary

data. The distribution data for workers and non-workers is given in Table 3.32.





Main workers:

Those workers who had worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. 6 months or

more) are termed as Main Workers. According to secondary data there are 6848 total main

workers in the project site seven villages.

Marginal workers:

Those workers who have not worked for the major part of the reference period (i.e. less than 6

months) are termed as marginal workers. The total marginal workers are 882.

Non workers:

All workers, i.e., those who have been engaged in some economic activity during the last one-

year, but are not cultivators or agricultural labourer’s or in Household Industry, are 'Other-

Workers (OW)'. The type of workers that come under this category of 'OW' include all

government servants, municipal employees, teachers, factory workers, plantation workers,

those engaged in trade, commerce, business, transport banking, mining, construction, political

or social work, priests, entertainment artists, etc. In effect, all those workers other than

cultivators or agricultural labourer’s or household industry workers are other workers. The

total Non workers are 11951.

Figure 3.21: Percentage Distribution of Workers





Table 3.32: Occupational Structure in the Study Area

3.9.8 Literacy

In the primary data which was collected by field survey, that data showing the gap of Literacy

and illiteracy rate of total population, literacy male and females are 40.9% and 34.00%

including all categories, as well as Illiteracy rate of total population male and females are

10.20% and 15.70%, also a wide literacy and Illiteracy gap of 6.9% and 5.50 percentage points.

Compare to the secondary data.

In the secondary data (census 2011) Literacy and Illiteracy ratio of nearest seven villages at

project site area, male and female were 41.66% and 31.85%. In addition to Illiteracy ratio of

total population male and female were 10.38% and 16.09%, also a wide literacy and Illiteracy

gap of 9.81% and 5.71 percentage points. According to comparison of year 2011 to September

Sr. No

Name of Village

Primary data

Total worker Main worker Marginal worker Non worker

T M F T M F T M F T M F

1 Project

Site - - - - - - - - - - - -

2 Vadasma 6000 3500 2500 - - - - - - - - -

3 Karjisan 2800 1700 1100 - - - - - - - - -

4 Dangarva 5600 3000 2600 - - - - - - - - -

5 Hadvi 1190 765 425 - - - - - - - - -

6 Tankiya 1260 760 500 - - - - - - - - -

7 Jamnapur 1400 800 600 - - - - - - - - -


1050 600 450 - - - - - - - - -

Total 19300 11125 8175 - - - - - - - - -

Sr. No

Name of Village

Secondary data

Total worker Main worker Marginal worker Non worker

T M F T M F T M F T M F

1 Project

Site

2 Vadasma 2839 1894 945 2179 1810 369 660 84 576 3683 1506 2177

3 Karjasan 1205 886 319 1189 873 316 16 13 3 1766 649 1117

4 Dangarva 1909 1551 358 1832 1485 347 77 66 11 3446 1246 2200

5 Hadvi 235 223 12 227 216 11 8 7 1 545 192 353

6 Tankiya 373 360 13 350 344 6 23 16 7 969 332 637

7 Jamnapur 691 431 260 683 427 256 8 4 4 840 363 477


478 350 128 388 336 52 90 14 76 702 260 442

Total 7730 5695 2035 6848 5491 1357 882 204 678 11951 4548 7403





2019, within eight year’s literacy and illiteracy ratio has been increased. The total number of

literates and illiterates are 218510 and 86983 respectively (Table 3.33 and Fig. 3.22).

Table 3.33 Literacy Status in study area

Figure 3.22: Percentage Distribution of Literacy Levels

Sr. No Name of Village Primary data

literacy Illiteracy

T M F T M F

1 Project Site

2 Vadasma 5250 3000 2250 2250 900 1350

3 Karjisan 2450 1400 1050 1050 300 750

4 Dangarva 6650 3350 3300 350 150 200

5 Hadvi 1020 520 500 680 300 380

6 Tankiya 900 550 350 900 350 550

7 Jamnapur 1200 750 450 800 350 450

8 Anandpura Nandasan 980 620 360 420 190 230

Total 18450 10190 8260 6450 2540 3910

Sr. No Name of Village Secondary data

literacy Illiteracy

T M F T M F

1 Project Site

2 Vadasma 4851 2726 2125 1671 674 997

3 Karjisan 2196 1258 938 775 277 498

4 Dangarva 3964 2244 1720 1391 553 838

5 Hadvi 565 321 244 215 94 121

6 Tankiya 869 507 362 473 185 288

7 Jamnapur 1088 620 468 443 174 269

8 Anandpura Nandasan 937 524 413 243 86 157

Total 14470 8200 6270 5211 2043 3168





3.9.9 Amenities

Basic amenities are essential foundation for a decent living and it enhances economic growth and quality of life. The scope of basic amenities include

safe drinking water, sanitation, housing, all weather road to village, electrification, fuel, connectivity, healthcare centre, school, playground and

recreational facilities and many more. Reflection of the Amenities of seven nearest villages of project site, according to primary and secondary data

of amenities most of villages are under developing. With compare to primary and secondary basic amenities data from above analysis, one can understand that all villages are under developing, after the observation the given above table of amenities data. Within the most of villages there had got all basic facilities for the living a daily life, but in primary data there are some villages known as, Hadvi, Tankiya, Jamnapur and Anandpuara (Nandasan) there has not find hospital facility. Within secondary data, there also find four villages of not availability of only hospital facilities known as, Hadvi, Tankiya, Jamnapur and Anandpuara (Nandasan). Village wise list of amenities are given in Table 3.34 (as per 2011 Census).

Table 3.34: Basic amenities detail for study villages covered in 5 km radius (As per census 2011)

Primary data

Sr.No Village Type of Facilities Available Facilities Available (Nos.)

Drinking

Water Power supply

Approach to Village

Post, Telegraph and Telephone

Transportation Educational

Facilities Medical

District: Mahesana

1 Project Site

2 Vadasma T,TW/B,T/P/L EA BTR, F, ODR T,ICF,SPO B P-2, S-1 PHSC-1

3 Karjisan T,TW/B,T/P/L EA BTR,GR, F, ODR T,PCO,ICF, PO B P-1 S-1 PHSC-1

4 Dangarva TW,R/C EA BTR,GR, F, ODR T,PCO,ICF, PO B P-1 S-1 PHC-1

5 Hadvi T,TW/B EA BTR,GR T,ICF B P-1 S-1 -





6 Tankiya T,TW,R/C EA BTR,GR, F, ODR T, ICE B P-1 -

7 Jamnapur T,TW/B EA BTR,GR, ODR,SH T,PCO,ICF, PO B,T P-1 -


TW/B,R/C EA BTR,GR, ODR,F T,PCO,ICF B P-1,S-1 -

Secondary data

Sr.No. Village

Type of Facilities Available Facilities Available (Nos.)

Drinking Water

Power supply

Approach to Village

Post, Telegraph and Telephone

Transportation Educational

Facilities Medical

District: Mahesana

1 Project Site

2 Vadasma T,TW/B,T/P/L EA BTR, F, ODR T,ICF,SPO B P-2, S-1 PHSC-1

3 Karjisan T,TW/B,T/P/L EA MDR,ODR,BTR,GR,F T,ICF,SPO B,T P-1, S-1 PHSC-1

4 Dangarva T,TW/B,T/P/L EA MDR,ODR,BTR,GR,F T,PCO,ICF,PO B,T P-3,S-1 PHC-1

5 Hadvi T,TW EA ODR,BTR,GR,F T,ICF B P-1 -

6 Tankiya T,TW,T/P/L EA ODR,BTR,GR,F T,ICF B,T P-1 -

7 Jamnapur T,TW,HP EA ODR,BTR,F T,PCO,ICF, B,T P-1 -


T,TW/B,T/P/L EA BTR,GR, MDR ,F T,PCO,ICF B,T P-1 -





Figure 3.23: Amenities of Villags

Table 3.35: List of Abbreviations

Education Medical Water Communication

Facility Transportation

Approach to Village

p Primary School

PHC Primary Health Centre

T Tap PO Post Office B Bus NH National Highway

M Middle school

PHS Primary Health Sub-Centre

W Well PT Post and Telegraph Office

RS Railway Station SH State Highway

SS Secondary School

MCW Maternity Child Welfare

HP Hand Pump T

Telephone (landlines)

T Taxi DR District Road

SSC Senior TB T.B. Clinic TW Tube Well PCO/M Public Call S/R/F Sea/River/Ferry PR Black Topped





Secondary School

Office /Mobile (PCO)

Service (pucca) Road

C College AH Allopathic Hospital

R/C River/Canal IC

Internet Cafes / Common Service Centre

KR Gravel (kuchha) Roads

CHW Community Health Worker

D Dispensary T/P/L Tank/Pond/Lake C Private Courier Facility

NW Navigable Waterways (River/Canal

3.9.10 Conclusion

After the analysis each and every kind of data, its assumptions is that, as per compare to primary and secondary data 2011. Household, Population,

Literacy level as well as Occupational structure of villages is increased than year 2011. Basic Amenities also under developed.

Under each category the company had already chosen focus areas like healthcare, education, infrastructure development, livelihood and skill

building, women empowerment, child care, intervention for senior citizens, environment conservation and protection, etc. As per Corporate Social

Responsibility Notification (Schedule VII, Company Act), the Company has earmarked (2.5% of total project cost) for undertaking the CSR activities.

The socio economic studies has been conducted in order to study the present Socio- Economic conditions prevailing around the plant site for the

establishment of an interactive environment between the residents of the area with the proponent which would be helpful for the proponent for the

assessment of the required developments of the area.

This study was done by looking and maintaining a good understanding of that locality as well as their socio-economic status which can help in the

assessment of their Socio-Economic status, costumes, and requirements for the development etc. Based on the study carried out it can be interpreted

that proposed project would contribute to improvement in the Quality Of Life (QOL) in the region to some extent in following manner:





Industrial growth will improve economic status of the people either directly or

indirectly.

Creation of employment generation is an another positive impact anticipated from this

plant.

The development of infrastructure (roads, lighting etc.) may not only helpful for

transportation but also to improve aesthetic value of the site.

The proposed green belt plan also generates some employment (labor for plantation

development) and provide hygienic environment.

Non-workers comprises of 59% of the total population in the study area. This intense

unemployment fate can be reduced to some extent.

3.10 Traffic Survey

Traffic counts are important to calculate the existing and proposed load on the existing road due

to upcoming Project.

Project site is to be located on internal road of village. Unit will use the road passing at the

project site from Dangarva- Hadvi Highway which further connects to state highway 41. Thus,

traffic survey has been carried out on the internal road connected to State Highway. Studied

route is shown in figure below:

Fig. 3.24 Image showing Traffic Surveying Location






Details regarding the traffic survey are:

Traffic counts were collected and recorded in 4 hours intervals.

Morning period (peak hours) survey was carried out from 12.25-12.45 hrs.

Evening period (peak hours) survey was carried out from 16.40-17.00 hrs.

Traffic counts observed during the above survey are tabulated below

Table 3.36: Traffic Count Data

Type of Vehicles

Internal road connected to State Highway – 41

Timings of Survey (hrs)

20/09/2019

12.25-12.45 16.40-17.00

Large Trailer 0 0

Heavy (Bus, Truck, etc) 0 0

Medium (Tractors, light commercial vehicles etc)

0 1

Light (Car, Jeep, And Pickup Van etc.)

9 4

3 Wheeler (Rickshaw) 3 6

2 Wheeler (Scooter, motorcycle, cycle etc)

15 15

CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL

IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES




Chapter-4: Env. Impacts & Mitigation Measures 4.1

CHAPTER – 4

ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS &

MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 Preamble

Detailed Environmental Impacts Assessment on air, water, land, socio economic status, flora

& fauna, etc. due to proposed project are identified and addressed in this chapter. Impact

identification and prediction is a way of ‘mapping’ the environmental consequences of the

significant aspects of the project and its alternatives. Various methods and technologies are

available to predict the impacts of project developmental activities on environment. These

predictions are superimposed over the baseline (pre-project) status of the environment to

derive the ultimate (post-project) scenario of environmental conditions. It helps to prepare

the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) which is required to be executed during the on-

going activities for the proposed project to minimize the adverse impacts on environmental

quality.

The mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe the cause-effect

relationships between sources of pollution and effect of pollution on different components

of environment. The environmental impacts can be categorized as either primary, secondary

or tertiary. Primary impacts are those, which are linked directly to the project, secondary

and tertiary impacts are those, which are indirectly induced and typically include the effects

on social and economic patterns of the surrounding.

The proposed project would create impact on the environment in two distinct phases.

Temporary or short term effects

Long term effects

Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the proposed project includes:

Identification of all components of the project and prediction of impacts that may be caused by the proposed project

Classification of the probable impacts i.e. positive or negative, short term or long term.

Evaluation of the impacts i.e. quantitative & qualitative assessment of the impacts on the surroundings.

The construction and operational phase of the proposed project comprises of various

activities each of which may have an impact on some or other environmental components,

which have been studied to estimate the impact on the environment.

4.2 Prediction and Evaluation of Impacts

An impact can be defined positive or negative change in Physical, Chemical, Biological and

Socio-Economic environment that can be attributed to activities related to alternatives





under study for meeting the project needs. Impact assessments provide an organized

approach for prediction and assessing these impacts. In most of cases the predictions

consists of indicating merely whether there will be degradation, no change or enhancement

of environment quality. In other cases, quantitative ranking scales are to be used.

Prediction requires scientific skill drawn from many disciplines. Prediction of ecological

components is often uncertain, because their response to environmental stress cannot be

predicted in absolute terms. Scientific techniques and methodologies based on mathematical

modeling are available for studying impacts of various project activities on environmental

parameters.

The Environmental Impact Assessment is accomplished by identification and prediction of

impacts of the proposed plant on the surroundings and their assessment. Potential impacts

of proposed expansion on various environmental attributes given below are predicted;

Air Environment

Water Environment

Land Environment

Noise Environment

Health & Safety

Ecology & Biodiversity

Socio Economic

The nature of the impacts due to said project activities are discussed in detail. Each

parameter identified is singularly considered for the anticipated impact due to various

project activities. The impact is quantified using numerical scores. In order to assess the

impact accurately, each parameter is discussed in detail covering project activities like to be

generate impact and quantification and prediction of impact.

A. Construction Phase

Generally construction phase involves activities like

Site Cleaning,

Excavation,

Construction,

Installation of Plant Machinery,

Raw Material Transportation and Handling,

Greenbelt Development and Labour Employment.

Greenbelt development is proposed to be taken up at the initial stage and hence it has been

considered in this phase.

Minor and temporary impacts are expected due to the construction activities. Generally Air,

Noise level and Soil are likely to be affected by these activities. All the impacts of

construction phase will be short term only and it is very limited as minor construction

work is anticipated for requirement of project.





B. Operation Phase

Generally operational phase involves activities like

Raw Material Storage & Handling & Transportation,

Production Activity,

Product Storage,

Handling & Transportation,

Gaseous Emission,

Water Consumption & Wastewater Discharge,

Solid & Hazardous Waste Generation,

Labor Employment,

Infrastructure Development and Greenbelt Development.

This phase of project is important as it generates long term impact as the production starts.

The primary impact causing likely deterioration will be on Air, Water, Noise, Soil and Flora –

Fauna due to Air Emission, Water Consumption & Wastewater Generation, Solid/Hazardous

Waste Generation, Noise Generation and Transportation.

4.3 Impact Identification

The identification of environmental impacts has been made, based on the understanding of

cause-condition-effect relationship between an activity and the impact component. In this

EIA report, an attempt has been made here through the use of "Activity Effect" matrix.

Impact Identification Matrix is shown in the Table 4.1 (for construction and operation

phase of proposed project). Various activities belonging to industrial project have been

grouped and arranged in rows. The environmental factors, which are being potentially

impacted, have been arranged in columns. A preliminary scrutiny has been done and the

cells, which fall at the junction of the “Activity” and “Factor” that have possible interaction

with each other, have been crossed.





The Matrix, thus, establishes the possible “cause-effect” relationship and identifies the environmental factors being impacted and activities

responsible for the same.

Table 4.1: Impact Identification Matrix

Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic

Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Land Acquisition

and Site Clearing

Construction/

Civil Work

Material & Product

Storage/Handling

Fuel & Electricity

Consumption

Gaseous

Emissions

Fugitive

Emissions

Water

Consumption

Wastewater

Generation





Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic

Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Solid & Hazardous

Waste Storage &

Disposal

Spillage and

Leakage

Shutdown/Startup

Plant Operation

Equipment Failures

Transportation


M/s. Holzwood industries pvt. Ltd Survey No.: 1763

Village: Vadasma; Taluka & District: Mehsana, Gujarat



4.4 Assessment of Impacts

This section is devoted to the assessment of impacts due to the proposed industrial project, which are the most important components of EIA.

Assessment involves determination of nature and extent of impacts due to the industrial activities or the actions involved. Here it is determined

whether the environmental impacts are:

1. Positive or Negative impact

2. Short term or Long term impact

Based on Environmental Impact Analysis, the Environmental Impacts under this step are quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Please refer

Table 4.2.

Quantitative

Quantitative assessment is done with the help of a mathematical model has been done wherever possible. The mathematical model used for

assessment in the present study includes “AERMOD VIEW – 9.0.0” Dispersion Model for air quality.

Also mathematical model has been done for Risk Assessment by “ALOHA” model given in chapter no. 7.

Qualitative

Qualitative assessment is done with the help of on available scientific knowledge and judgment. For other cases i.e. Water, Noise, Land / Soil,

Ecology, Socio-economic etc., the available scientific knowledge and judgments have been used.






Table 4.2: Assessment of Impacts Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic

Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Land Acquisition

and Site Clearing

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Construction/

Civil Work

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Material & Product

Storage/Handling

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

Fuel & Electricity

Consumption

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Gaseous

Emissions

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

Fugitive

Emissions

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Water

Consumption

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

Wastewater

Generation

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Solid & Hazardous

Waste Storage &

Disposal

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

Spillage and (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve) (-ve)






Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic

Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Leakage S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T. S.T.

Shutdown/Startup (-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

Plant Operation (-ve) L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

Equipment Failures (-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

Transportation (-ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(-ve)

S.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(+ve)

L.T.

(-ve)

L.T.

(-ve): Negative (+ve): Positive S.T.: Short Term L.T.: Long Term

4.5 Quantification of Impacts

The identified environmental impacts belong to different component of the environment needs to be aggregated to get a total score of the

environmental impact of the proposed project.

4.5.1 Environmental Attributes & Relative Importance

Environmental changes, expected out of any physical development, can result in adverse and/or beneficial results. The relevant parts of the receiving

environment have been subjectively singled out, as “Environmental Attributes”, and the impact due to various activities on these attributes have






been studied. The typical set of environmental attributes and their relative importance, adopted for the present study, has been attributed, has been

presented in Table 4.3.

Table 4.3: Environmental Attributes

Sr.

No.

Environmental

Attributes

Relative

Importance (%)

Remarks

1 Water Quality 25

Relatively high importance because Mehsana falls into over-exploited and Notified area as per

Central Ground Water Authority Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga

Rejuvenation Government of India

2 Air Quality 15 Relatively high importance due to anticipated impacts due to flue gas emissions in the form of PM10,

PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and VOC.

3 Terrestrial &

Aquatic Ecology 10

Relatively medium importance as no wildlife sanctuary, reserve forest, national park is located

within 10 km of the project site and the impact anticipated to be limited to a small periphery around

the site.

4 Socio-Economic

Status 10

Relatively medium importance with positive impact due to direct employment and indirect

employment.

5 Human Health 10 Relatively medium importance as the project is to be situated in rural/non industrial area and

project activities may have impact on human health.

6 Resource

Depletion 15

Relatively medium importance due to non-renewable resource consumption in the form of fuel,

electricity etc. and reuse of wastewater.

7 Noise Level 5 Relatively low importance due to the fact that sources of noise are limited and in most cases noise

level are within the stipulated norms.

8 Land Use & Soil 5 Relatively low importance as the project consumes average amount of land and adequate disposal

mechanism of solid/hazardous waste.

9 Infrastructure &

Services 5

Relatively low importance due to beneficial to infrastructure sector, service sectors as well trades.

Total 100






4.5.2 Magnitude Criteria

(a) Negligible Impacts (Score + 1) It signifies that the actions have some effects but it will not cause any quantifiable damage or benefit to the attributers concerned, the score is assigned to be 1.

(b) Marginal Impacts (Score + 2) The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be slightly significant or significant but for short term, the score is assigned to be 2.

(c) Significant Impacts (Score + 3) The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be significant or reversible, the score is assigned to be 3.

(d) Highly Significant Impacts (Score + 4) The activities and their environmental impacts are judged to be significant, and irreversible, the score is assigned to be 4.

The (+) sign signifies positive impact and (-) sign signifies negative impact on the concerned environmental attributes.

4.5.3 Matrix Development

The environment impact evaluation matrix, for the proposed project, with mitigation measures for all the adverse impacts, have been

formulated and presented in Table 4.4. Their respective cumulative impact matrices are presented in Table 4.5.






Table 4.4: The Activity – Impact Evaluation Matrix

Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Land Acquisition

and Site Clearing -2 -3 -1 -1 -3 +2 +1 -1

Construction/

Civil Work -2 -2 -2 -2 -2 +3 +3 -2

Material & Product

Storage/Handling -1 -2 -2 -1 +1 -2

Fuel & Electricity

Consumption -4 -3 -2 +3 -1

Gaseous

Emissions -2 -4 -1 -3 -2 -1 -2

Fugitive

Emissions -1 -1 -1

Water

Consumption -2 -2 -8 -2 -2 -2

Wastewater

Generation -1 -2 -1

Solid & Hazardous

Waste Storage &

Disposal

-2 -1 -1 +2 -1






Aspect

Activity

Land Use

&

Soil

Resource

Depletion

Air

Quality

Water

Quality

Noise

Level

Terrestrial

&

Aquatic Ecology

Socio-

Economic

Status

Infrastructure

&

Services

Human

Health

Spillage and

Leakage -2 -2 -3 -1 -2

Shutdown/Startup -1 -1 +2

Plant Operation -2 -4 -4 -7 -2 -2 +4 +3 -3

Equipment Failures -1 -1 -1 -2 -2 +2 -2

Transportation -3 -2 -2 +3 +2 -2

TOTAL -14 -22 -23 -25 -12 -15 9 15 -22

Note: (+) = Positive impacts and (-) = Negative impacts on attributes






Table 4.5: Cumulative Impact Matrix Environmental Attributes Cumulative Score for each

attribute, Si

Relative Importance of

each attribute, Wi (%)

Cumulative Significance

( Si x Wi ) / 100

Water Quality -25 25 -6.25

Air Quality -23 15 -3.45

Terrestrial & Aquatic Ecology -15 10 -1.5

Socio-Economic Status +9 10 +0.9

Human Health -22 10 -2.2

Resource Depletion -22 15 -3.3

Noise Level -12 5 -0.6

Land Use & Soil -14 5 -0.7

Infrastructure & Services +16 5 +0.8

Cumulative Score -16.3

As shown in Table 4.5, the cumulative value of significance of the project, in terms of the impact on the environment, with

mitigation measures works out to be (-) 16.3






4.6 Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Environment during

Construction Phase

During construction phase, major impacts anticipated will be increase in dust contamination

and noise. However, the impacts of the construction period will be localised and limited up to

the construction phase. Impacts during construction phase and its mitigative measures are

given in Table 4.6.

Table 4.6: Construction Phase: Impacts & its Mitigation Measures

Attributes Impacts and its Mitigation Measures

Land Use Any construction activity brings significant change to the site topsoil. Excavation

and construction material waste disposal is likely to affect land. However, such

solid wastes are inert in nature and will be collected and utilized in levelling of

the low lying areas within the premises of proposed plant and road construction

at the site.

Water Quality During construction phase, quantity of waste water generated will be very less or

insignificant and the same will be disposed off through soak pit system.

Air

Quality

The main sources of emission during the construction period are the movement

of construction equipment at site and dust emitted during the levelling grading,

earthwork and foundation works. Exhaust emission from vehicles and equipment

deployed during the construction phase is also likely to result in marginal

increase in the levels of PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and NO2.

The impact will be limited to the construction period as well as the impact will be

limited to the construction area. This will be confined within the project boundary

and is expected to be negligible outside the project boundary. The impact will,

however, be reversible, marginal and temporary in nature. Proper maintenance of

vehicles and construction equipment will help in controlling the gaseous

emissions. Water sprinkling on roads and construction site will prevent fugitive

dust. Project site will be barricaded by the help of tarpaulin

sheets/barriers/curtains during construction phase.

Noise During construction, construction equipment including dozer, scrapers, concrete

mixers, generators, vibrators and power tools, and vehicles will be the major

noise sources. Construction noise is difficult to predict because the level of

activity will constantly change. Most of construction activities are expected to

produce noise level within the prescribed limit. The noise generated from various

sources will be of short duration. Therefore, no significant impact is envisaged in

the construction phase.

Geo-

Hydrology

During construction phase, the water requirement will be met through Water

Tankers. Therefore, there will be no significant impact on groundwater. Drainage

pattern of the project area will not be abstracted due to establishment of the

project on stated land so, there will be no significant impact on surrounding

drainage.

Geology &

Soil

During construction activity, the impact on soil will be limited to the construction

site only. Impact on soil during construction would be mainly due to the left out of







construction material used and change in soil structure and texture due to

spillage & leakage of fuel will occur. Hence, proper care would be taken so that

minimum amount of waste is produced and most of it gets recycled. The topsoil

removed during the levelling will be stacked separately and will be used for

levelling of project site as well as for greenbelt development. During construction

phase, change in soil structure and texture due to spillage & leakage of fuel will

occur. But, the significant will be very less and for short period.

Ecology

and

Biodiversity

Various construction activities will be carried out on site for setting up of the

project. Greenbelt has been developed to improve the aesthetic value in the area

and to reduce the fugitive dust. However, such impacts will be confined to the

project site and will be minimized through water sprinkling. Hence there will be

insignificant impact on the ecology.

4.7 Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Environment during Operational

Phase

Impacts during operation phase and its mitigative measures are given in Table 4.7.

Table 4.7: Operation Phase: Impacts & its Mitigation Measures


Land Use During operation activity the impact of air, water and solid waste pollution on soil

causes direct/indirect effect on soil. As all necessary air pollution control steps

will be provided and based on the results of the dispersion model for the ground

level concentrations of various pollutants after the commissioning of the

proposed activity, there will not be any adverse impact on soil.

There will be no adverse effect of wastewater on soil since the treated effluent

emanating from the ETP will be evaporated in an evaporator.

All necessary control steps/measures will be provided for handling, storage and

disposal of solid/ hazardous waste generated. Industry has also developed dense

greenbelt area within the premises which will not only increase the aesthetic of

that area but also prevent soil erosion which may change the landuse pattern of

that area. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on land environment.

Water Quality Water requirement is to be met from Own Borewell.

Domestic wastewater generated will be disposed off through soak pit system. The

final treated industrial effluent from effluent treatment plant will be evaporated

in an evaporator. Therefore no effluent will be required to be discharged and the

stated process would be a ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE process.

Thus, there will not be any adverse impact on the quantity and quality of ground

water as well surface water during operation phase.

Air Quality The operational activities are usually expected to have long-term impacts on air







quality. The major source of air pollution due to proposed activity will be flue gas

emissions from the Steam Boiler & TFH. The fugitive emissions of particulate

matter will likely to arise during various stages of operations such as material

unloading, material transfer and storage etc. The concentrations of pollutants at

the ground levels have been computed using computer simulation model to

assess the impact of emissions for the proposed activity. Impacts of emissions on

air quality have been evaluated using dispersion model (AERMOD VIEW – 9.0)

which are described in Section 4.8 of this Chapter.

Multi Cyclone Separator followed by Bag Filter will be provided to the stack

attached to the Boiler as Air Pollution Control System where Briquettes will be

used as fuel. Diesel will be used for D. G. Set. Adequate stack height will be

provided to control & disperse the air pollutants within the stipulated norms

Noise The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/equipment

shall include built in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting

Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) requirement. Appropriate

noise barriers/shields, silencers etc. shall be provided in the equipment wherever

feasible. Noise emanating from noisy equipment shall be adequately attenuated

by enclosure, insulation etc.

Geo

Hydrology

There should be proper collection and handling of effluent to avoid any leakages

and spillages. It is recommended to provide pucca flooring in the process area as

well as in chemical storage area. Chemical storage area is to be provided with

dyke wall to control or stop the effluent discharge on land which may

contaminate soil. Industry should explore the possibility of reuse/recycle and

other cleaner production options for reduction of waste and to conserve fresh

water.

Specific mitigation as the creation of sediment retention basins or planting of

rapidly growing vegetation to improve the moist condition of soil and control soil

erosion. To perform rain water harvesting system for ground water recharge

purpose as it is simple, economical and eco-friendly. It reduce run off ground

water pollution and soil erosion.

Geology &

Soil

Most of the impacts of the proposed project on soils are restricted to the

construction phase, which will get stabilized during operational phase. The

impact on the topsoil will be confined to the proposed main project area. There

are minimal chances that air borne fugitive dust from the project may likely get

deposited in the immediate vicinity. However, the flue gas emissions will be

controlled by an effective dust extraction and suppression system and source

emission by installing highly efficient bag filter/ other pollution control facilities

at suitable locations.

The storage and handling of raw materials shall be done properly to prevent any

spillage & leakage. Hazardous wastes will be stored at earmarked area with

impervious flooring, shed and spillage/leakage collection system to eliminate

rainwater contamination, chances of overflow / spillages going on to the land and

thus land/ soil contamination. The hazardous waste generated during the







operation phase, will properly disposed so that there is no spill and

contamination of land. The hazardous waste will be sent for disposal to

authorized TSDF on regular basis as per the Hazardous Waste Rules.

Ecology

and

Biodiversity

There is no any sanctuary and national park within the 10 km area from the

proposed project site. Also no rare and endangered flora and fauna have been

reported during study in 10 km area surrounding to the project site. Proposed

project will be carried out in open land and no vegetation will be required to be

cleared.

The chances of adverse effect on ecology due to the proposed project may occur

due to air pollution caused by process and flue gases emissions. However, unit has

proposed adequate environmental management systems and the same will be

efficiently operated during the operation of project. Regular monitoring of various

parameters will be carried out. Thus, there will not be any adverse impact

anticipated on surrounding ecology due to the proposed project. On the contrary,

greenbelt development will have positive impact on the surrounding flora and

fauna.

Socio-

Economic

The proposed project activity will be benefitted by direct & indirect employment

leading to better lifestyle. Standard of living of population surrounding the project

is likely to be improved as proposed project will generate employment for local

people of the nearby area. Educational, medical and housing facilities in the study

area will considerably improve.

In addition, unit will carry out CSR activities in the nearby area in the field of

health, sanitation, medical aids, educational aid and contribution in

infrastructural development which will have beneficial impacts on socio-

economic environment.

Health &

Safety

Impacts on health and safety could be due to the operation of project activities

like processing, storage, and transport facilities. However, the industry has

incorporated all the necessary safety aspects in planning, designing and operation

of the plant as per standard practices. Hence, there will be minimal impact on this

account.

In the proposed unit, drinking water and sanitation facilities will be provided to

workers. All the necessary Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) will be provided

for the respective works. Unit will provide such arrangements to minimize

manual handling of chemicals and hazardous wastes. Wherever possible, the

automatic chemical transfer systems will be provided to avoid any leakage during

hazardous material transfer. Regular health check-ups will be carried out for all

workers and record will be maintained. Medical, fire and safety trainings will be

given time-to-time. Moreover, unit will provide proper Environmental

Management System and operate the same efficiently. Thus, there will not be any

possibility of adverse impact on workers health. Thus, no significant impact on

health and safety will be occurred due to the proposed project activity.






4.8 Impact on Air Quality

A. Input data of Flue Gas Stack

Ans. to TOR no.7 (I)

The proposed unit will operate Steam Boiler to generate steam required during manufacturing

process. The details of flue gas stack are given in Table 4.8.

Table 4.8: Details of Flue Gas Stacks

Sr. No.

Stack attached to Stack

Height Fuel

Requirement APCM

Expected Pollutant

1 Steam Boiler (3 TPH) 30 m Briquettes

4.5 MT/day

Multi Cyclone Separator

followed by Bag Filter

SPM 150 mg/Nm3

SO2 100 ppm

NO2 50 ppm 2

D.G. set (450 KVA)

6 m HSD

46.5 Liters/Hr. Not Applicable*

Note: *D.G. Set will be used only in case of power failure.

Input data:

Stack Identification : Steam Boiler

Stack Height : 30.0 m

Vent Diameter : 1.0 m

Flow rate : 4.24 m3/s

Exit stack gas velocity : 5.4 m/s

Exit gas temperature : 120 oC

Ambient temperature : 25 oC

Table 4.9: Expected Pollutants and its Emission Rate

Expected Pollutants Emission Rate

Particulate Matters (PM10) 10.13 g/sec

Sulfur Dioxide 0.42 g/sec

Nitrogen Dioxide 2.08 g/sec






B. Primary Meteorological Data:

Primary meteorological data have been used for AERMOD View-9.0. The said primary data is

attached as Annexure - 4.

Assessment of Impact on AAQ:

The AERMOD model is used to predict the centerline ground level concentrations of

Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Dioxide in the surrounding study area. The

prediction is done in relation to the source strength and meteorological conditions for the

study period.

The Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs) for Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen

Dioxide in the study area for all the stability conditions are calculated for the maximum

emission load. For the calculations, meteorological data like average wind speed, wind

direction, relative humidity, temperature, precipitation, cloud cover and ceiling height for the

period of 20/09/2019 to 23/09/2019 and emission rate of PM10, SO2 & NO2 and height &

diameter of the stack is considered.

Predicted ground level concentrations of PM10, SO2 and NO2 are presented in the Figure 4.1,

4.2, 4.3 and Table 4.10, 4.11 & 4.12.






Figure 4.1 Ground Level Concentration of PM10







Figure 4.2 Ground Level Concentration of SO2 Source: Satellite Image (Google Earth)






Figure 4.3 Ground Level Concentration of NO2







Table 4.10: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of PM10

Ans. to TOR no.7 (I)

Note: * Downwind direction

Table 4.11: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of SO2

Note: *Downwind direction

Sr.

No.

Monitoring

Location

Distance

(km) Direction

Existing

monitored

maximum PM10

concentration

(µg/m3)

Predicted PM10

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Total PM10

Concentrations

after the proposed

project

(µg/m3)

1 Project Site -- -- 81.67 0.45 82.12

2 Dangarva 1.6 SW 72.30 4 76.3

3 Vadasma* 2.39 NE 66.58 2 68.58

4 Saldi 6.83 NE 68.71 1 69.71

5 Nandasan 6.13 NE 84.32 1 85.32

6 Akhaj 9.90 N 75.80 1 76.8

7 Karjisan 1.55 SE 81.38 1 82.38

8 Hadvi 0.46 NNW 72.30 4 76.3

Sr.

No.

Monitoring

Location

Distance

(km) Direction

Existing

monitored

maximum SO2

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Predicted SO2

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Total SO2

Concentrations

after the proposed

project

(µg/m3)

1 Project Site -- -- 20.78 0.27 21.05

2 Dangarva 1.6 SW 14.43 1.5 15.93

3 Vadasma* 2.39 NE 14.57 1 15.57

4 Saldi 6.83 NE 9.50 0.8 10.3

5 Nandasan 6.13 NE 15.75 0.65 16.4

6 Akhaj 9.90 N 18.34 0.6 18.94

7 Karjisan 1.55 SE 11.25 1 12.25

8 Hadvi 0.46 NNW 13.26 1.5 14.76






Table 4.12: Predicted 24 hourly short term incremental Concentrations of NO2

Note: *Downwind direction

After the establishment of the proposed project, these concentrations are found to be well

below the permissible NAAQs norms for rural/residential zone and Industrial zone. Therefore,

the proposed activity will not have any adverse impact on the air environment.

4.9 Existing Traffic & Vehicular Pollution Ans. to TOR no.7 (III)

Traffic survey has been carried out on internal road connected to State Highway 41. Based on

the traffic survey hourly vehicular traffic has been calculated. Considering worst case scenario,

average number of vehicles observed during 4 hours has been taken as hourly counts.

Passenger Car Unit (PCU) has been calculated by applying PCU factor. Proposed load of trucks

due to the movement of raw materials, fuel and products has been calculated. A design

capacity of road has been taken from the Indian Road Congress. Assessment of proposed traffic

load is given below in Table 4.13.

From the table below, it can be concluded that even for considering the worst case; there will

be minor increase in vehicular load due to the proposed project. However, the total traffic load

even after the proposed project will be very low compared to the design capacity of roads.

Adequate parking arrangements will be provided within the industrial premises.

As no major increase in traffic due to the proposed project, there will be less chance of increase

in vehicular pollution. However, unit will take adequate measures by instructing transporter

for using only PUC certified trucks/vehicles and carrying out regular service and maintenance

of them.

Sr.

No.

Monitoring

Location

Distance

(km) Direction

Existing

monitored

maximum NO2

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Predicted NO2

Concentration

(µg/m3)

Total NO2

Concentrations

after the proposed

project

(µg/m3)

1 Project Site -- -- 36.55 1.1 37.65

2 Dangarva 1.6 SW 24.69 8 32.69

3 Vadasma* 2.39 NE 28.15 5.5 33.65

4 Saldi 6.83 NE 24.86 2 26.86

5 Nandasan 6.13 NE 26.54 3.5 30.04

6 Akhaj 9.90 N 36.96 2 38.96

7 Karjisan 1.55 SE 26.70 5.5 32.2

8 Hadvi 0.46 NNW 33.54 8 41.54






Table 4.13: Assessment of Proposed Traffic Load

Type of Vehicles

Internal road connected to State Highway – 41

PCU Factor as per Indian

Road Code Vehicles Per

Hour (worst case)

Equivalent PCU (Passenger Car Unit)

per hour

Large Trailer 0 0 4.5

Heavy Vehicle

(Bus, Truck, etc.) 0 0 3.0

Medium Vehicle

(Tractors, Light Commercial

Vehicles etc.) 1 1.5 1.5

Light Vehicle

(Car, Jeep, Pickup Van etc.) 9 9 01

3 Wheeler

(Rickshaw) 6 6 01

2 Wheeler

(Scooter, Motorcycle etc.) 15 7.5 0.5

Total PCU/hr 24

Width of Road (m) 6.36

Design PCU per hour 2400

Existing PCU per hour 24

Proposed Load (Trucks/day) 5

Proposed PCU per day 15

As a Worst Case Scenario taken

Proposed PCU per day as PCU

per hour

15

Total PCU per hour after the

Proposed Project 39

CHAPTER – 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES




T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad, NABET Accredited

Chapter – 5 : Analysis of Alternatives 5.1

CHAPTER - 5

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES

5.1 Preamble

Analysis of Alternative is the process of analysing the proposed location for suitability for basic

necessities to operate the plant safely; this analysis also covers the environmental aspect of

pollution prevention and improvement in quality of life nearby the project vicinity. The project

alternative is the course of action in pace of another site, that would meet the same purpose and

need, but which would avoid or minimize negative impacts and enhance project benefits. Such

projects may result in specific impacts which can be avoided or mitigated by adherence to

certain predetermined performance standards, guidelines or design criteria. Alternative

approaches may therefore be more effective in integrating environmental and social concerns

into the project planning process.

5.2 Project Details

M/s. Holzwood industries pvt Ltd. is proposed to start manufacturing of various types of resins

[(Phenol Formaldehyde Resin or Urea formaldehyde Resin (700 MT/month) and Melamine

Formaldehyde Resin (500 MT/month)] at Survey No. 1763, Village: Vadasma, Taluka & District :

Mehsana, Gujarat.

Resin manufacturing activities are falls under 5(f) category – Synthetic organic chemicals

industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations;

synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical

intermediates) and therefore prior EC is required.

5.3 Site Alternatives

The project site falls in Mehsana District of Gujarat State. Project proponent is very well familiar

with the surrounding environment; therefore, it becomes easy for the unit to set up the project

on above said location. In addition, a number of industries are located in the near vicinity of the

proposed site.

The other supporting features are briefly summarized hereunder:

Availability of adequate land;

Availability of all basic facilities like infrastructure, communication, transportation,

medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled & skilled manpower, raw materials, road

network etc.

Project site is 26.98 km away from National Highway 8C & 6.74 km away from State

Highway 41 which is well connected to Ahmedabad and rest of India.

Proximity of market;

Easy availability of manpower;




T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad, NABET Accredited

Chapter – 5 : Analysis of Alternatives 5.2

Nearest town Kalol is 15.26 km away from the project site which is very well connected with other parts of the country by road & rail;

No R & R will be required;

No national park or wildlife habitats fall within 10 km radial distance from the project site.

The location of project is best suited to start the proposed manufacturing activities. So no alternative for site is analysed.

5.4 Alternatives for Technologies

Table 5.1: Proposed Technology Alternatives

Sr. No.

Particular Conventional Technologies Proposed Technology Alternatives

1 Wastewater Management

Domestic wastewater can be disposed off through soak pit system. Option:1

Industrial wastewater can be treated in ETP having primary, Secondary, tertiary treatment and concentrated stream will be treated through MEE Followed by ATFD and maintain zero liquid discharge. Option: 2

Industrial waste water can be treated in ETP having primary treatment and treated water will be sent to CETP for further treatment

Domestic wastewater generation quantity is very minimal. So, the domestic wastewater management through septic tank/soak pit system is adequate. Common ETP facilities are23 km away from proposed project site and it is not viable to because of transportation cost and evaporation charges. Industrial wastewater will be generated from mfg. process, RO reject, Boiler & Cooling Tower blow down and Washing activities. Therefore, option 1 in house ETP and evaporator is adequate to achieve zero discharge.

2 Air Pollution Control

Cyclone Separator followed by Bag filter can be provided as APCM for stack attached to 3 TPH Steam Boiler.

Unit will utilise Briquettes as a fuel. Therefore, Multi Cyclone Separator followed by bag filter will be used as an APCM for stack attached to Steam Boiler and it is adequate to keep emission within the statutory limit.

3 Solid/ Hazardous Waste Management

Solid & Hazardous Waste can be stored in separate storage area and the same can be finally disposed off to approve TSDF/CHWIF site, reuse of waste & disposal by selling to registered recycler.

As proposed conventional solid & hazardous waste management is adequate and also guided by authority. Therefore, it is not required to switching on other alternative.

CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMETAL MONITORING PROGRAMME


M/s. Holzwood industries pvt. Ltd Survey No.: 1763 Village: Vadasma;

Taluka & District: Mehsana, Gujarat


Chapter-6: Environmental Monitoring Program 6.1

CHAPTER – 6

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM

6.1 Preamble

Environmental monitoring can be defined as the sampling and analysis of different aspects of

environment like air, water, soil, noise and biodiversity to analyse at regular intervals.

Environmental monitoring is used in the preparation of environmental impact assessments, as

well as in many circumstances in which human activities carry a risk of harmful effects on

the natural environment. All monitoring strategies and programs have reasons and

justifications which are often designed to establish the current status of an environment or to

establish trends in environmental parameters. In all cases the results of monitoring will be

reviewed and analysed statistically.

Environmental monitoring program is designed to understand how the environment changes

over time. Therefore, regular monitoring program of the environmental parameters is essential

to take into account the changes in the environment. The objectives of environmental

monitoring program are;

1. To verify the results of the impact assessment study in particular with regard to new

development;

2. To follow the trend of parameters which have been identified as critical;

3. To check or assess the efficiency of the pollution control measures;

4. To ensure that new parameters, other than those identified in the impact assessment study,

do not become critical through the commissioning of new installations;

5. To check assumption made with regards to the development and to detect deviations in

order to initiate necessary measures; and

6. To establish a database for future Impact Assessment Studies for new projects.

6.2 Environmental Monitoring Program

The attributes, which merit regular monitoring, are air quality both at source and ambient

atmosphere, water and wastewater quality, noise levels, ecological conservation, greenbelt

development, socio-economic aspects, etc. The Post Project Monitoring program is given below

in Table 6.1.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_assessment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_environment

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics






Table 6.1: Environmental Monitoring Program Ans. to TOR no.7 (XII)

Sr. No.

Particulars Monitoring Frequency

Air Pollution Monitoring

1. Stack Monitoring of flue gas stack for parameters specified by GPCB in their consent

Monthly

2. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring within the premises for parameters specified by GPCB in their consent

Every 3 Month or as per EC & CCA

3. Work area monitoring for VOC and dust Twice in a year

Water Pollution Monitoring

1. Monitoring of water consumed in various activities and wastewater generated from various areas of plants

Daily

2. Monitoring of wastewater at ETP inlet and outlet for principal parameters (pH, COD, TDS, TSS)

Daily

3. Monitoring of other parameters as per GPCB consent at ETP outlet

Monthly

Noise Quality Monitoring

1. Ambient noise monitoring Twice in a year

Soil Quality Monitoring

1. Monitoring of soil quality for general parameters (1 within the premises and 1 from vicinity)

Once in a year

Solid Waste Generation Monitoring/ Record Keeping

1. Monitoring of solid / hazardous waste generated from process and ETP area for general parameters

Twice in a year

2. Records of generation of Solid / Hazardous Wastes Daily

3. Record of storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid / hazardous wastes to recyclers, Reprocessors, and TSDF.

Daily

Occupation health Monitoring/ Record Keeping

1. Safety Audit Once in Two years

2. Occupational health (medical checkups) Pre, post and regular

Greenbelt Development

1. Survival rate and growth of greenbelt Periodic

6.3 Budgets for Implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan

NABL accredited /GPCB approved agency will carry out monitoring/sampling, analysis and

charge/cost will be as specified by the GPCB. Annual budget allocated towards environmental

monitoring with respect to the proposed project is approx. Rs. 2.15 Lakhs per Annum as

described in Table - 6.2.






Table 6.2: Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan

Particulars No. of location

Frequency of Monitoring

Parameters Total Budget (INR)

Stack Monitoring

All stacks flue gas stack

Twice in a year or as per EC &

CCA

PM, SO2, NO2 or specified by GPCB

in their consent

Approx. 18,600/year

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

Minimum 2 Locations within

the premises

Twice in a year or as per EC &

CCA

PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NO2 specified by GPCB in their

consent

Approx. 35,200/year

Waste water Analysis

ETP inlet and Evaporator Inlet

Daily pH, TDS, TSS, COD Approx. 60,000/year

Evaporator Outlet

Monthly As per GPCB consent

Fresh Water Analysis

Intake water – Borewell

Twice in a year As per IS: 10500:2012

Approx. 13,000/year

Work zone fugitive monitoring

2 to 3 locations

Twice in a year Dust, VOCs Approx. 12,000/year

Noise Pollution 6 to 8 locations

Twice in a year Sound Level Meter

Approx.

42,400/year

Soil Analysis 1 within the

premises and 1

from vicinity

Once in a year -- Approx.

7350/year

ETP Waste 1 sample Twice in a year -- Approx.

6,430/year

Occupation

Health

10

persons

Pre, post and

regular

Medical Checkups Approx.

20,000/year

Total 2.15 Lakhs/year

6.4 Infrastructural Requirements

The unit will provide effluent treatment plant for treatment of industrial effluent. The unit will

install small laboratory for analysis of effluent for basic parameters like pH, COD, TDS regularly.

In addition to this, regular monitoring will be carried out through NABL approved laboratory.

For the medical facilities, first aid boxes will be provided at prominent places in the premises

and also one MBBS doctor will be appointed for weekly visit in the plant. Moreover, unit will tie-






up with nearby hospital for medical assistance in case of any emergency. Unit will maintain the

medical records of all workers.

6.5 Documentation and Reporting

All the data and reports of monitoring of all parameters as stated in monitoring program will be

properly maintained and timely reviewed by management for taking corrective or preventive

actions. Monitoring reports will be regularly submitted to the concerned authorities as per their

requirements.

6.6 Corporate Environment Policy

Project proponent is presently involved in furniture business and understand their

responsibilities towards community as well environment alongwith doing business. They

believe in sustainable development and therefore will provide adequate environmental control

and management system in unit and will regularly and efficiently operate the same.

Unit will prepare environment policy duly approved by all partners prescribing standard

operating procedures to bring into focus any deviation/violation of environmental or forest

norms/conditions. The policy will be displayed at various prominent places in the premises and

all the employees will be educated about the same.

For performing all the environmental management activities and operating environmental

management systems efficiently, unit will establish Environmental Management Cell governed

by partner as mentioned below.

Environmental Management Cell:

CHAPTER – 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES



T. R. Associates, Ahmedabad

NABET Accredited

CHAPTER-7: Additional Studies

7.1

CHAPTER - 7

ADDITIONAL STUDIES

A. Social Impact Assessment, R & R Action Plan

The socio-economic study of the study area is carried out and details are presented in the

Chapter-3/Section- 3.9. It may be noted that the proposed project is to be established on

Non Agricultural land. The project site is intended for the industrial purpose and thus no

displacement of villagers/people will take place. Therefore, the R&R (Rehabilitation &

Resettlement) policy/plan is not undertaken. However, the direct financial and social

benefits with special emphasis on the benefit to the local people will be preferred and the

proposed budgets for Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER) activities are

summarized in Chapter- 8 /Section- 8.5.

B. Risk Assessment Study

The said study report is presented in subsequent section

7.1 Overview of Project

M/s. Holzwood industries Pvt. Ltd. is proposing to manufacture Resins (Phenol

Formaldehyde Resin or Urea Formaldehyde Resin & Melamine Formaldehyde Resin) at

Survey No. 1763, Village: Vadasma, Taluka & District : Mehsana, Gujarat. The total

production capacity of proposed unit will be of 1200 MT/Month resins (Phenol

Formaldehyde Resin or Urea Formaldehyde Resin – 700 MT/M, Melamine Formaldehyde

Resin– 500 MT/M ).

The total estimated cost of the proposed project is Rs. 230.7 Lacs. Total budget allocation

towards Environmental Management Facilities will be approx. Rs. 31.4 Lakhs. Major plant

machinery to be installed is Cooling Tower, P. F. /U. F. Reaction vessel, M. F. Reaction

vessel. Utilities which includes Steam Boiler & D. G. Set.

7.2 Surrounding Area

Nearest village of M/s. Holzwood industries Pvt. Ltd. is Hadvi which is about 0.45 km far from the project site in North-West direction. National Highway SH 41 – 7.21 km far from the project site in West direction. Details of surrounding area is prescribed in topic number 2.2.2, table 2.1 in chapter no.2.

7.2.1 Objective, Scope and Methodology

A. Objective

Risk Assessment (RA) techniques used to determine risk posed to people who work inside or live near hazardous facilities, and to aid in preparing effective emergency response plans by delineating a Disaster Management Plan (DMP) to handle onsite and offsite emergencies.

B. Scope of the study

Hazard Identification - Identifying sources of accidents involving release of hazardous




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7.2

material in the atmosphere and the various ways (that is scenarios) they could occur.

Consequence Assessment - Estimating the probable zone of impact of accidents as well as

the scale and/or probability of damages with respect to human beings and plant

equipment and other structures.

Risk Estimation - Combining accident consequence and frequency to obtain risk

distribution within and beyond a process plant.

C. Risk Analysis Methodology:

Hazard Identification

Select Most Credible Scenario which can culminate into an accident out of several major

and minor.

Select Worst Case Scenario which has the highest potential to cause an accident of

maximum damage

Consequence Analysis due to failure of equipment: in the plant in the form of fire,

explosion and toxic effects

Estimation of effect of damage

7.3 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis

The hazard identification and risk analysis is used to identify possible accidents and estimate their frequency and consequences. While identifying hazards only those areas of plants having potential risk are used further for risk analysis. Hazard is considered as characteristic of system/plant/process that presents potential for an accident. Hence, all the components of a system/plant/process are thoroughly examined to assess their potential for initiating or propagating an unplanned event/sequence of events, which can be termed as an accident.

7.3.1 Hazard Identification Methods

Hazard identification method used or the proposed plant is given below. Identification of major hazardous units based on Manufacture, Storage and Import of

Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 of Government of India (as amended in 2000); and

Preliminary Process Hazard Analysis: Hazard associated with raw material storage,

Process, plant machineries and equipment has been identified and details of the same are

given in Table no. 7.4 & 7.5.

7.3.2 Identification of Hazardous Chemicals used within Premises

Raw materials used in the manufacturing of the proposed products will be stored in drums, tanks and HDPE bags. Separate storage area will be provided as per the physical properties of the raw material. Details of storage of each raw material are given in Table 7.1. Among all these raw material, the chemicals which fall under Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (as amended in 2000) have been identified. Storage details of products are given in Table 7.3. Chemical and physical properties of raw materials are given in Table 7.2.




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7.3

Table 7.1: Storage Details of Raw Materials

Sr. No.

Name of Raw Material

Requirement (MT)

Ph

ysi

cal

Fo

rm

Mo

de

of

Sto

rag

e

MT

Sto

rag

e C

ap

aci

ty

No

. of

Un

its

To

tal

Sto

rag

e C

ap

aci

ty

(MT

)

Inv

en

tory

D

ay

s

Per Month

Per Day

1 Phenol 322.7 12.908 Liquid MS Tank 25 1 25.00 2

2 Formaldehyde (37%) 715.29 28.61 Liquid MS Tank 25 1

40.00 2 MS Tank 15 1

3 Caustic Flakes 6.18 0.25 Solid HDPE Bags 0.05 30 1.50 6

4 Melamine 200 8 Solid HDPE Bags 0.025 640 16.00 2

5 Urea 276.5 11.06 Solid HDPE Bags 0.025 885 22.13 2

6 Acetic acid 3.5 0.14 Liquid MS Barrel 0.20 2 0.40 3




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Table 7.2 Chemical Properties of Hazardous Chemicals & Products

Sr. No.

Chemicals TLV

Toxicity Level Flammable Limit

Chemical Class

(As per MSIHC Rules)

NFPA Rating Vapor

Pressure Odour

Threshold LD50 Oral

mg/Kg

LD50 Dermal mg/Kg

LC50 mg/l

LEL% UEL% FP 0C

BP 0C Class (As per

petroleum classification)

1. Phenol* 5 ppm 317

mg/kg (Rat)

630 mg/kg

(Rabbit)

900 mg/m3

(8 hr) (Rat)

1.7 8.6 79.4

0C 182

0C C

Flammable, Toxic,

Hazardous

Health: 4 Flammability: 2

Reactivity: 0

0.04 kPa @25 0C

0.048 ppm

2. Formaldehyde

(37%)* 0.75 ppm

500 mg/kg (Rat)

270 mg/kg

(Rabbit)

0.578 mg/L

(Rat) 4 h

N.A N.A 85 0C

101 0C

C Highly

Flammable, Toxic


Reactivity: 0

5.3 kPa @ 39°C

1ppm

3. Caustic Flakes 2

mg/m3 N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A

1390 0C

N.A. Hazardous, Corrosive


Reactivity: 1

1.33 kPa at 20°C (Lye)

--

4. Melamine N.A 3.161 mg/kg (Rat)

> 1.000 mg/kg

(Rabbit)

> 5.190 mg/m3 (4 hr) (Rat)

N.A N.A 300 °C - CC

N.A N.A. Toxic Health: 2

Flammability: 1 Instability:1

N.A --

5. Urea

10 mg/m3

from ACGIH

8471 mg/kg (Rat)

N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A N.A. N.A Health: 1

Flammability: 0 Reactivity: 0

0.16 kPa @ 25 °C

--

6. Acetic acid* 15 ppm

from ACGIH

3310 mg/kg (Rat)

N.A N.A N.A N.A 40 °C

118°C B Highly

Flammable Corrosive


Reactivity: 0

1.6 kPa (20 °C)

0.48 ppm




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7.5

Note: * Hazardous chemicals as per MSIHC rule, 2000 Note: CC: Close Cup; OC: Open Cup; N.A.: Not Available.

Table 7.3: Details of Proposed Products

Sr. No.

Description Physical

Form

Type of

Packing /

Storage/ Mode

of storage

Transportation Capacity

of

storage

1

Phenol

Formaldehyde

Resin or Urea

Formaldehyde

Resin

Liquid Stored in HDPE

Barrels

Captive consumption & rest

will be transported by road,

rail & ship 25 Ton

2 Melamine

Formaldehyde

Resin Liquid

Stored in HDPE

Barrels

Captive consumption & rest

will be transported by road,

rail & ship 10 ton

Sr. No.

Product LD50 & LC50

1 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Acute oral toxicity: LD50= 100 mg/kg (rabbit) Acute dermal toxicity: LD50=270 mg/kg (rabbit) Acute inhalation toxicity: LC50 (4 h) rat = 200 mg/m³

2 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin >10 g/kg (oral, rat) & > 10 g/kg (skin, rabbit)




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7.6

The Toxicity level of hazardous chemicals as per Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical (Amendment) Rules, 2000 (MSIHC) is

shown as below:

Sr.

No. Toxicity

Oral Toxicity LD50

(mg/Kg) Dermal Toxicity LD50

(mg/Kg) Inhalation Toxicity LC50

(mg/Kg)

1. Extremely Toxic <5 <40 <0.5

2. Highly Toxic >5- 50 >40-200 >0.5-2

3. Toxic >50-200 >200-1000 >2-10

7.3.3 Storage Details of Raw Material and Products: Details of the raw materials and products with storage are given in Table 7.2.

TABLE-7.4- CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS

Sr.

No. Description

Physical

Form

Type of Packing /

Storage/ Mode of

storage

Transportation Capacity of

storage

1 Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Semi solid Stored in HDPE Barrels Captive consumption & rest will be

transported by road, rail & ship 10 Kl

2 Melamine Formaldehyde Resin Semi solid Stored in HDPE Barrels Captive consumption & rest will be


3 Urea Formaldehyde Resin Semi solid Stored in HDPE Barrels Captive consumption & rest will be





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7.7

Table 7.5: Identification Hazard Associated with Storage of Raw Materials:

Sr. No.

Name of material stored

Hazard Rating Systems

Type of hazard /

Risk involved Causes Effect Control Measures proposed

1 Phenol

(25 KL X 1 Tank)

TLV – 5 PPM NFPA Ratings: Health:3 Flammability: 2 Instability: 0 Flash Point: 79.440C

Toxic Chemicals Exposure Risks

Fire /Explosion

Glands/seal leaks in valves, pumps,

Hose/pipe failure, leakage from flanged joints carrying phenol

Overflow from storage tanks

Causes severe skin burns and eye damage.

Toxic if inhaled Suspected of causing

genetic defects May cause damage to

organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.

Causes serious eye damage.

Harmful to aquatic life.

Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.

Handling and storage : Phenol will be stored at isolated

& well ventilated place in 25 KL MS Tank.

Dyke wall shall be provided to all above ground storage tank. Separate from strong oxidant.

Contact with skin, eyes, and clothing will be avoided.

Good hygiene procedures will be followed when handling Phenol.

Protect from freezing and physical damage.

Accidental release measures: Cover with dry lime or soda ash.

Pick up and transfer to properly labeled containers.

Spark proof tools will be used. Prevent from reaching drains,

sewer, or waterway. Safety shower and eye washer

shall be installed near storage area.

Fire Fighting Measures:




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Sr. No.



Type of hazard /


Suitable extinguishing agents: Water, dry chemical, chemical

foam, carbon dioxide, or alcohol-resistant foam will be used as a fire extinguishing media.

A vapor suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors.

Appropriate Personal Protective Equipments will be provided to workers.

Flame proof Electrical fittings shall be provided at flammable storage area.

Earthing/bonding shall be provided for static charges.

Flame arrestor shall be provided on flammable material storage tank vent.

2

Formaldehyde* (37%)

(25 KL X 1 Tank) (15 KL X 1 Tank)

TLV – 0.75 ppm NFPA Ratings: Health:3 Flammability: 2 Instability: 0 Flash Point: 85 0C


Fire /Explosion

Glands/seal leaks in valves, pumps

Hose/pipe failure, leakage from flanged joints carrying Formaldehyde (37%)

Overflow from storage tanks

Very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, Very toxic if swallowed.

Causes burns. Limited evidence of a

carcinogenic effect. Risk of serious

damage to the eyes. May cause

Handling and storage : Formaldehyde will be stored at

isolated and well ventilated place in 25 KL MS Tank.

Dyke wall shall be provided to all above ground storage tank.

Keep away from heat and sources of ignition.

Accidental release measures:




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Sr. No.



Type of hazard /


sensitization by skin contact.

Absorb spill with inert material Safety shower and eye washer

shall be installed near storage area.

Appropriate personal protective equipment will be provided.

Evacuate personnel to safe areas. Remove all sources of ignition. Do not flush into surface water or

sanitary sewer system. Spark-proof tools and explosion-

proof equipment will be provided.

Fire Fighting Measures: CO2, dry chemical, or foam will be

used as fire extinguishing media in case of fire.

Proper protective eyeware, gloves, and clothing will be provided to workers.

Flame proof Electrical fittings shall be provided at flammable storage area.

Earthing/bonding shall be provided for static charges.

Flame arrestor shall be provided




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7.10

Sr. No.



Type of hazard /


on flammable material storage tank vent.

3 Acetic acid

(200 lit X 2 MS Barrel)

TLV – 25 mg/m3 NFPA Ratings: Health:3 Flammability: 2 Instability: 0 Flash Point: 40 0C


Fire /Explosion

Glands/seal leaks in valves, pumps,

Hose/pipe failure, leakage from flanged joints carrying Acetic acid.

Rupture in barrels

Caustic burns/corrosion of the skin.

Corrosion of the eye tissue. Permanent eye damage.

Irritation of the respiratory tract.

Irritation of the nasal mucous membranes.

EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCENTRATIONS: Corrosion of the upper respiratory tract.

Handling and storage : Acetic acid will be stored in 200

lit MS Barrel. Spark-/explosion proof

appliances and lighting system will be provided.

Take precautions against electrostatic charges.

Concentration in the air regularly will be measured.

Local exhaust/ventilation will be provided in acetic acid storage area.

Exhaust gas must be neutralised After contamination cloths will

be removed & clean immediately. Corrosion proof equipment will

be used. Do not discharge the waste into

the drain.

Accidental release measures: Absorb spill with an inert

material Thoroughly clean/dry the

installation before use.




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7.11

Sr. No.



Type of hazard /


Spark-/explosion proof appliances and lighting system will be used.

Proper precautions will be taken against electrostatic charges.

Fire Fighting Measures: Suitable extinguishing media:

Water spray, polyvalent foam, Alcohol-resistant foam, BC powder, Carbon dioxide will be used as fire extinguishing media in case of fire.




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7.12

A. Identification of Process hazards:

Name of

hazardous

process and

operation

Material in the

process /

operation

Type of hazard possible

toxic gas release / fire /

explosion / run away

reaction / rupture, etc.

Causes Control Measures to be provided

Steam Boiler Heat/ High

Temperature Steam

Thermal radiation Explosion Heat burns

Leaking safety relief valves Malfunctioning of Water level indicator Steam leaks (steam systems) Condensate dripping down stack or out

the front of the boiler Constantly resetting of controllers and

safety devices

Annual inspections Safety interlocks must be provided Safety and pressure gauge and valves

should be provided Properly supported and protected

against corrosion Testing of Jackets and joints of tubes

should be carried out regularly

Reactor Vessel

Formaldehyde (37%), Phenol

Fire/Explosion

Release of Heat and Flammable gases Fire, Toxic gas release and Explosion Failure of agitator, heating and cooling

system in the reactor Failures of external boiler, condenser

and piping system

Raw Materials quantity must be controlled either volumetrically or gravimetrically.

Process control devices must be installed includes the use of sensors, alarms, trips and other control systems that either take automatic action or allow for manual intervention to prevent the conditions for uncontrolled reaction occurring.

High Temperature indicator valve and alarm system must be provided

Auto cut off system must be provided after reaching of predetermined maximum safe temperature.

Safety Control valve is must be provided.




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7.13

Name of

hazardous

process and

operation

Material in the

process /

operation

Type of hazard possible

toxic gas release / fire /

explosion / run away

reaction / rupture, etc.

Causes Control Measures to be provided

The Vessel Emergency Relief vent should discharge to a suitably designed catch pot or should be so positioned that people working in the area and members of the public will not be in danger if the contents of the vessel are discharged.

Use skilled worker Proper selection of MOC Mechanical seal in all pumps and

reactors Transportation of finished product

from vessel to storage tank through close pipe.




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7.14

B. General hazards and controls

Type of

Emergency Identification

of Area Possible Causes Possible Results

Material

handling In Plant

Flammable, eye irritating &

accidently leakages Fire and health Hazards

7.3.4 Credible Accident Sources/Worst Case Scenarios

Maximum Credible Accident (MCA) scenario indicates most believable, reasonable, likely or

possible accident scenario and damage distance based on it. MCA scenario takes into account

the effect of existing control measures also. It considers the malfunctioning of the control

system, opening of safety valve/failure of safety valve, leakages from flange joint, pipe line etc.

and failing of some safety devise.

Worst-case scenario (rarely possible) is defined as the release of the largest quantity of a

regulated substance from a single vessel or process line failure that results in the greatest

distance to an end point, eg catastrophic failure. It considers the failure of all control systems

and release of the whole mass resulting in maximum damage.

Based on the storage and properties of the chemicals at the proposed resin manufacturing unit,

the some typical scenarios relevant for MCA analysis is given in the following Table.

Table -7.5(C): Scenarios Considered for MCA Analysis

Sr.

No. Chemical

Storage

Quantity Pool Fire Flash fire

Toxic

Dispersion

Worst

case

scenario

1 Phenol 25 MT × 1

MS tank -- -- -- --

2 Formaldehyde

(37%)

25 MT × 1

MS tank -- --

3 Acetic Acid 200 lit × 2

Barrels - - - -

The above table indicates that major material storage is flammable liquid. Fires could occur

due to presence of ignition source at or near the source of leak or could occur due to

flashback upon ignition of the traveling vapour cloud.

Tank fires may occur due to the following: Ignition if rim seal leak leading to rim seal fire and

escalating to full-fledged tank fire.

t s r s ur t t r s Overflow from tank leading to spillage

and its subsequent ignition, which flashes back to the tank leading to tank fire. The chance of




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7.15

overflow should be less unless operator has grossly erred.

Spillage due to overflow may result in a dyke fire if ignition occurs after sufficiently long

period.

For radiation calculations, pool fire is important and the criteria of 4.5 kW/m2 selected to

judge acceptability of the scenarios. The assumptions for calculations are: It is not

continuous exposure. It is assumed that no fire detection and mitigation measures are

initiated

7.4 Consequence Modeling

Hazardous incidents start with a discharge of a flammable or toxic material from its normal

containment. Discharge can take place from a crack or fracture of process vessels or pipe work,

an open valve or from an emergency vent. The release may be in the form of gas, liquid, or two

phase flashing of gas-liquid.

7.4.1 Damage Criteria:

The storage and unloading at the storage facility may lead to fire and explosion hazards. The

damage criteria due to an accidental release of any hydrocarbon arise from fire and explosion.

A. Fire Damage

Table 7.6 tabulates the damage effect on equipment and people due to thermal radiation

intensity whereas; the effect of incident radiation intensity and exposure time on lethality is

given in Table 7.6.

Table 7.6: Damage Due to Incident Radiation Intensities

Sr. No.

Incident Radiation

(kW/m2)

Type of Damage Intensity

Damage to Equipment Damage to People

1 37.5

Damage to process equipment 100% lethality in 1 min. 1% lethality in 10 sec.

2

25.0

Minimum energy required to ignite wood at indefinitely long exposure

without a flame

50% Lethality in 1 min. Significant injury in 10 sec.

3

19.0

Maximum thermal radiation intensity allowed on thermally unprotected

adjoining equipment

--

4

12.5

Minimum energy to ignite with a flame; melts plastic tubing

1% lethality in 1 min.




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7.16

Sr. No.

Incident Radiation

(kW/m2)

Type of Damage Intensity

Damage to Equipment Damage to People

5

4.5

--

Causes pain if duration is longer than 20 sec, however blistering is un-likely (First

degree burns)

6

1.6

-- Causes no discomfort on long

exposures

Source: Techniques for Assessing Industrial Hazards by World Bank.

Table 7.7: Radiation Exposure and Lethality

Radiation Intensity

(kW/m2)

Exposure Time (seconds)

Lethality (%)

Degree of Burns

1.6 -- 0 No Discomfort even

after long exposure

4.5 20 0 1 st 4.5 50 0 1 st 8.0 20 0 1 st 8.0 50 <1 3 rd 8.0 60 <1 3 rd

12.0 20 <1 2 nd 12.0 50 8 3 rd 12.5 -- 1 -- 25.0 -- 50 --

37.5 -- 100 --

B. Damage due to explosion

Explosion is a sudden and violent release of energy accompanied by the generation of pressure

wave and a loud noise. The rate of energy release is very large and has potential to cause injury

to the nearby people, damage the plant and also nearby property etc.

BLEVE - fireball

A Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE) occurs when there is a sudden loss of

containment of a pressure vessel containing a superheated liquid or liquified gas. It is sudden

release of large mass of pressurized superheated liquid to atmosphere. The primary cause may

be external flame impinging on the shell above liquid level weakening the vessel and leading to




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7.17

shell rupture. Calculations are done for diameter and duration of fireball and the incident

thermal flux.

Pool fires and jet fires

These are common fire types resulting from fires over pools of liquid or from pressurized

releases or gas and/or liquid. They tend to be localised in effect and are mainly of concern in

establishing potential for domino effects and employee safety. ALOHA Models are used to

calculate various components - burning rate, pool size, and flame height, in jet fire modelling the

steps followed for the thermal effects are calculation ofthe estimated discharge rate, total heat

released, radiant fraction/source view fraction, transmissivity and thermal flux and thermal

effects.

Vapour cloud explosion

When gaseous flammable material is released a vapour cloud forms and if it is ignited before it

is diluted below its lower explosive limit, a vapour cloud explosion or a flash fire will occur.

Insignificant level of confinement will result in flash fire. The vapour cloud explosion will result

in overpressures. Table 7.6 tabulates the damage criteria as a result of peak over pressure of a

pressure wave on structures and people.

Table 7.8: Damage Due to Peak Over Pressure

Human Injury Structural Damage

Peak Over Pressure (bar)

Type of Damage Peak Over

Pressure (bar) Type of Damage

5 - 8 100% lethality 0.3 Heavy (90% damage) 3.5 - 5 50% lethality 0.1 Repairable (10% damage)

2 - 3 Threshold lethality 0.03 Damage of Glass

1.33 - 2 Severe lung damage 0.01 Crack of Windows

1 - 11/3 50% Eardrum rupture

- -

Source: Marshall, V.C. (1977) ' How lethal are explosives and toxic escapes'.

C. Effect due to toxic gas release

Various approaches are used to determine the consequences of toxic gases:

• ID H

• ERPG

ID H (“I t D r t r H lt ”) s t x u tr t r w s p

is possible within 30 minutes without any escape-impairing symptoms or irreversible health

effects.




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7.4.2 Details of Model Used for Consequence Analysis

ALOHA provide output as amount of chemical discharged from the source as well as its

concentration in air it takes into account different levels of concentrations for a specified

chemical.

Software used for calculation- ALOHA (AREAL LOCATIONS OF HAZARDOUS ATMOSPHERES) is

a computer program designed especially for use by people responding to chemical accidents, as

well as for emergency planning and training. ALOHA can predict the rates at which chemical

vapors may escape into the atmosphere from broken gas pipes, leaking tanks and evaporating

puddles. It can then predict how a hazardous gas cloud might disperse in the atmosphere after

an accidental chemical release.

ALOHA provides output as amount of chemical discharged from the source as well as its

concentration in air it takes in to account different levels of concentrations for a specified

chemical. Different concentration levels are given below:

ERPG 1: is the maximum airborne concentration below which it is believed that nearly all

individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing other than mild transient

adverse health effects or perceiving a clearly defined, objectionable odor.


individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing irreversible

or other serious health effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take

protective action.


individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour without experiencing or developing life-

threatening health effects.

IDLH: The Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) level. A chemical's IDLH is an

estimate of the maximum concentration in the air to which a healthy worker could be exposed

without suffering permanent or escape-impairing health effects.

Input data for aloha are as below:

Weather Data:

Average Wind Speed: 5 m/sec & 1.5 m/sec

Average Ambient Temperature: 40.5 0C, 22.50C

Average Humidity: 75%, 39%

Atmosphere Stability Class: D (windy day time), F (Extreme calm, night time)

Chemical Properties:

Chemical properties of each hazardous chemical stored within premises is given in Table No.:

7.2

Storage Details:

Storage quantity and type of storage of chemicals is given in Table No.: 7.3




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Table 7.9: Consequence analysis and Damage Distance (Failure of raw material storage tanks)

Name of Chemical

Type of Impact

Flammable (Distance in meter) Toxic Dispersion

Pool Fire (meter)

Fire Ball (BLEVE) (meter)

Worst Case Scenario

Flash fire (Flammable Area of

Vapour Cloud) (meter)

ERPG (3)/ IDLH

ERPG(2) ERPG(1) Radiation

Intensity (kW/m2) 37.5 25 4.5 37.5 25 4.5 UEL LEL

Fatalities 100%

50% 100% 50% - - Wind Speed

Stability Class

Formaldehyde (37% solution)

25 MT x 1 Tank) (15 KL X 1 Tank)

5 D - - - - - - - - 780 meters ---

(20 ppm = IDLH)

1.1 km -- (10 ppm =

ERPG-2)

3.8 km (1 ppm = ERPG-1)

1.5 F - - - - - - - - 1.4 km

--- (20 ppm = IDLH)

2.3 km--- (10 ppm = ERPG-2)

9 km (1 ppm = ERPG-1)

Phenol (25 MT x 1 Tank)

5 D - - - - - - - - <10 meters ---

(250 ppm = IDLH)

<10 meters --- (50 ppm =

ERPG-2)

14 meters --- (10 ppm =

ERPG-1)

Note*: Phenol is stored below its flash point. It is unlike to catch fire in case of BLEVE worst case scenario.

Formaldehyde (37%): As AlOHA, software do not support modeling for solution, for plotting threat zone pure formaldehyde gas

properties is used.




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Figure 7.1: Formaldehyde Toxic Dispersion (Threat Zone)

Weather Condition: Wind speed: 5 m/sec, stability class: D

Figure 7.2: Formaldehyde Toxic Dispersion (Threat Zone)

Weather Condition: Wind speed: 1.5 m/sec, stability class: f

N

N




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7.5 Failure Frequency

Fire under a tank may lead to the instantaneous release of the complete inventory of the tank.

Various causes of failure may lead to a fire under a tank:

Leakage of the connections under the tank followed by ignition. This event only occurs for

tanks loaded with flammable substances. The frequency is equal to 1 × 10-5 per year for

atmospheric tanks. (Reference Purple book: Guidelines for quantitative risk assessment)

The best available estimates of leak frequencies for atmospheric tanks are summarised in

Table 7.10.

Reference: Storage incident frequencies International Association of Oil and Gas Producers

(UK: HSE)

Table 7.10: Atmospheric S torage Tank Leak/ tank fire Frequencies

Type of Tank Type of Release Leak Frequency (per tank

year )

Fixed/ floating roof Liquid spill outside tank 2.8 × 10-3

Tank rupture 3.0 × 10-6

Atmospheric storage tank Fire Frequency

Type of Fire Fixed Roof Tank (per

tank year)

Internal explosion & full surface fire

9.0 × 10-5

Internal explosion without

fire

2.5 × 10-5

Vent fire 9.0 × 10-5

Small bund fire 9.0 × 10-5

Large bund fire

(full bund area) 6.0 × 10-5




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7.6 Estimation of Effect of Damage / Impact Identification

From the dispersion modeling of Phenol and Formaldehyde (37%), it is observed that the threat

zone is maximum for Formaldehyde (37%) from storage tank covering downwind distance

approximately 1.4 km having concentration equal to its IDLH.

Chemical Incident outcome case

Level of concern

Treat zone

distance

% fatality

(pfi)

Likely hood of

occurrence

Magnitude of Impact/Damage

Formaldehyde (37%)

(25 KL X 1 Tank) (15 KL X 1 Tank)

Toxic dispersio

n

IDLH 20 ppm

1.4 km - Unlikely High

Phenol (25 MT x 1 MS

Tank)

Toxic dispersio

n

ERPG-1 10 ppm

14 Meter - Unlikely Low

Figure 7.1 to 7.2 show the map of vulnerable areas where impacts due to dispersion as well

tank explosion will be high. All the threat zones in the proposed unit are super imposed on

google image. Figure 7.2 gives the location, where individual risk is found to be a maximum at

locations within premises as well as outside of premises in case of dispersion of Phenol

leakages. A broadly acceptable level of individual risk as per the ALARP (As Low As Reasonably

Practicable) concept of HSE, UK is 10-6/year.

7.7 Summary

It may be noted that in dispersion modeling, the wind direction and air temperature,

atmospheric stability are found to be the deciding factors for the threat zones.

The present risk assessment study shows that proposed unit of M/s. Holzwood Industries Pvt.

Ltd. having storages of hazardous chemicals mainly Formaldehyde (37%) and Phenol could

have potential for damage to those inside and outside the industry.

A maximum threat zone of approximately 9 km meters is observed in the case of release of

Formaldehyde. This threat zone can be shortened by reducing the

inventory or storing Formaldehyde in smaller tanks.




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Proposed Risk Reduction Measures

Storage tank of Formaldehyde 37%/ Phenol should be installed away from the plant area.

Wind indicator should be provided at the highest level of the plant to know the wind

direction.

Automatic sprinkler system for the flammable material tanks (over ground tanks only) may

be provided as knock on effect in case of fire is possible.

Containment dykes with proper sloping and collection sumps should be provided so that any

spillages in the bulk storage and other handling areas shall not stagnate and shall be quickly

lead away to a safe distance from the source of leakage. This reduces the risk of any major

fire on the bulk storages and the risk to the environment shall be minimized/ eliminated.

Inspection of the storage tanks as per prefixed inspection schedule for thickness

measurement, joint and weld efficiency etc.

Pr v s l pr l tr l tt s / qu p t’s.

Proper maintenance of earth pits.

Strict compliance of security procedures like issue of identity badges for outsiders, gate

passes system for vehicles, checking of spark arrestors fitted to the tank lorries etc.

Strict enforcement of no smoking.

Periodic training and refresher courses to train the staff in safety fire fighting.

Employee training and education is carried out.

Structural fireproofing in the process area could be considered as a safety measure in the

light of probable spill and fires in the area.

Emergency drills should be carried out periodically to ensure preparedness must continue.

Wind indicator should be provided at the highest level of the plant to know the wind

direction.

Many operations involve use of highly toxic/flammable materials and these needs to be

documented as SOPs. These must be made and kept updated on priority.

Extensive training on use of Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBAs) must be ensured

for emergency control.

Many of the raw materials used for resin are either toxic or flammable. It is therefore

important to ensure that these materials are stored in closed, well ventilated totally safe

areas. A fire alarm system (heat and smoke detection) should be provided for the storage

area where the material is stored as toxic fumes arise on combustion.

Loose drums of waste materials, often solvent laden, must be removed from the working

areas and close watch kept.

Proper Earthing needs to be provided through plug type systems or through the

agitators/liquid.

Ventilation should be provided for any enclosed are where hydrocarbon or toxic vapors may

accumulate. Several such areas were noticed- these may be surveyed and tackled

accordingly.

All personnel should be trained in handling emergency situations and should be apprised of

their role in handling emergency situation and to ensure adequacy of the emergency

procedures simulated exercise should be carried out. This was found wanting.




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Flame arrestor should be provided.

Adequate number of caution boards highlighting the hazards of chemicals should be

provided at critical locations.

Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure etc. is carried

out regularly and its record is maintained.

Good housekeeping, use of PPE, Engineering controls, Enclosure processes, scrubber system,

display of safety boards, SOP of loading / unloading, local exhaust ventilation, safety shower

etc. are important safety measures have taken to keep these chemicals within TLV.

Appropriate personal protective equipment is provided & ensures the usage of them.

Workers are trained for safe material handling of hazardous chemicals.

Prepare & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals storage, handling &

transporting or using.

Local Exhaust ventilation and scrubber should be installed where it is required to reduce

fumes, vapors, temperature and heat stress.

Reduce the level of physical activity by sharing workload with other or by using mechanical

means.

Following FIRE safety devices is already PROVIDED to protect from any malfunctioning of

plant equipments. Following fire protection systems is provided.

Water storage of adequate capacity to meet the requirements of water for firefighting

purposes.

Fire hydrants and automatic sprinkler system. Diesel driven pumps and headers to supply

water to fire hydrant network.

Adequate Portable fire extinguishers, sand bucket, wheeled fire & safety equipment should

be provided at the required places.

Equipment required for personal safety like blankets, gloves, apron, gum boots, face mask

helmets, safety belts, first aid boxes etc. are provided. Proximity suits and self-contained

breathing apparatus to be provided.

7.8 Occupational Health Surveillance Programme

Introduction:

Medical surveillance program (also termed as medical surveillance for workers) can aid in

the early recognition of a relationship between exposure to a hazard and disease, in the

assurance of the safety of new substances, and as an indicator of the effectiveness of existing

control measures. It is the systematic collection, analysis, and dissemination of disease data

on groups of workers and is designed to detect early signs of work-related illness.

The Factories Act, 1948 and the rules framed thereunder provide for pre-employment and

periodical medical examinations of workers employed in industries with hazardous

processes and dangerous operations under section 41-C and section 87 respectively.

Chemicals Exposed to Workers Directly or indirectly are Phenol, Formaldehyde (37 %). Pre-




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employment medical checkup and periodically medical examination will be done. Liver

function testis will be carried out during pre-placement and periodical examination. In

addition to the above, following safety equipment will be provided.

Action plan for Occupational Health and safety for workers:

Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical exposure etc. will be

carried out regularly and its record will be maintained.

Good housekeeping, use of PPE, Engineering controls, Enclosure processes, display of safety

boards, SOP of loading / unloading, local exhaust ventilation, safety shower etc. All necessary

safety measures will be taken to keep all chemicals within TLV.

Appropriate personal protective equipment will be provided & ensure the usage of them.

Workers will be trained on safe material handling of hazardous chemicals.

Prepared & display the safe operating procedure for hazardous chemicals storage, handling

& transporting or using.

Periodical medical examination of the workers & Liver Function Testes will be done.

Register (form no.37) for work place air monitoring will be done regularly.

Employee training and education will be carried out regularly.

Control the noise at source by substitution, isolation, segregation, barriers will be done.

Local Exhaust ventilation will be installed where it is required to reduce fumes, vapors,

temperature and heat stress.

7.8.1 Treatment Facilities Provided to Workers affected by accidental Spillage of

Chemicals

Hazards with Acute Exposure

Contact with skin may cause severe burns or systemic poisoning.

Systemic effects may occur from any route of exposure, especially after skin absorption.

Hazards with Chronic Exposure

Repeated or prolonged exposure may harm the respiratory system. Can irritate and inflame

the airways.

Special Safety Precautions

Prevent contact with skin by wearing neoprene gloves, lab coat, and resistant apron.

Wear safety glasses or a face shield if splashing may occur.

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from heated surfaces or ignition sources.

Skin contact requires immediate washing of the affected area with soap and water.

Remove contaminated clothing and launder before wearing again.

Procedure for treating workmen after skin contact:

Skin contact requires immediate flushing of the contaminated area with soap and water at a

sink or emergency shower for a good fifteen minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. In case

of eye contact, promptly flush the eyes with plentiful amounts of water for 15 minutes (lifting

upper and lower lids occasionally) and obtain medical attention. It is recommended to

provide the safety shower and eyewash station in plant.




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7.8.2 Minimization of the Manual Handling of Hazardous Substance

Employers and employees should examine their workplaces to detect any unsafe or unhealthful

conditions, practices, or equipment and take corrective action. Provide flameproof electrical

motor & transfer chemicals through the pipelines. Use specially designed pallets to hold, move

raw materials, finished products through work areas. Minimize lifting of raw materials, heavy

loads by using appropriate platforms, trolleys etc. Avoid the moving, manual handling of

hazardous material.




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7.8.3 DO’S and DONT’S

Handling of Chemicals

Do’s Dont’s

Know the hazards of the chemical before

handling.

Know the antidotes for chemical, which you are

handling.

Do keep material safety data sheet in locations

where chemicals are being handled and study it.

Use appropriate personal protective equipment

like gloves, aprons, and respirator; face shield etc.

depending upon nature of the work.

Label every chemical that you use and tightly

close the container.

Use eye wash fountain / safety shower in case of

splash of chemicals in the eye or body for at least

15 minutes.

Segregate toxic, flammable chemicals and keep

them under control.

In addition to draining and closing valves, lines

should be blanked before taking up maintenance

work.

Provide proper ventilation at the chemical

handling area to limit their concentration within

prescribed level.

Do not store the chemicals that are

incompatible with other chemicals.

Do not spill the chemicals.

Do not dispose chemical without

neutralizing.

Do not keep large inventory of chemicals.

Do not allow empty containers of hazardous

chemicals to be used by others.

Do not use compressed air for transferring

chemicals.

Do not stand near chemical transfer pump

while it is in operation with temporary hose

connection.

Pouring of chemicals by hand or doing

siphoning by mouth should never be

adopted.

Chemicals drums should never be moved

without protection.

Do not attempt to neutralize the acid /

alkali on the skin. Use water only.

Do not use solvent for cleaning hands.

Material Handling

Do’s Don’ts

Use proper lifting tool and tackle having adequate

capacity.

Only authorized persons should operate material

handling equipments.

Each tool, tackle or equipment should have number

and safe working load (SWL) marked on it.

Assess weight of the material, distance to be

carried and hazards etc. before lifting the load.

Inspect and test all the lifting tools and tackles

regularly as per Factory Rules.

Wear Personal Protective Equipments while

handling of material.

Wherever possible, mechanized material handling

shall be adopted.

Do not use the equipment for the purpose

other than its design intention.

Do not allow personnel to move

underneath lifted load.

Do not load the equipment above its safe

working load.

Do not use makeshift arrangements for

lifting equipment without inspection and

test.

Do not use defective tool and tackles.

Keep the tools & tackles free from adverse

effect of atmosphere by applying suitable

protective coating.

The angle between the legs of two leg




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Do’s Don’ts

While lifting a load physically, keep the load as near

as possible to the body with feet properly placed

for body balance.

Bend knees, keep back straight, keep the load

closed to the body and lift the load.

sling should not exceed 90 degree.

Do not allow male and female adult to lift

a load manually higher than 55 kgs and 30

kgs respectively.

Do not hold the load with tip of the

fingers; grasp the load firmly with palm.

Fire Prevention

Do’s Don’ts

F ll w ‘NO SMOKING’ s .

Deposit oily rags and waste combustible material in

the identified containers and dispose them suitably.

Fire Hose used for any other purpose should be

permanently marked and taken out of fire hydrant

system.

Keep minimum inventory of flammable and

combustible substances.

Take permission before breaking or removal of fire

barrier and ensure subsequent relocation of fire

barrier.

Check periodically the operability of fixed fire

fighting system.

Attend any abnormality / deficiency with fire

protection system promptly.

Provide earthling or bonding to prevent

accumulation of static charges to tanks where

flammable chemicals are stored / handled.

Use instruments that are intrinsically safe in

explosive atmosphere.

Do not leave flammable material like

Acetone, Kerosene etc. used as cleaning

agent at the work area.

Do not over tighten fire hydrant valves

with F-lever.

Do not allow wild grass growth around

storage of the gas cylinders and

switchyard.

Do not obstruct accessibility to the fire

related equipment.

Do not destroy the inspection tag

provided with the fire equipment.

Do not misuse fire-fighting equipment

other than intended purpose.

Do not store the flammable material in

the open container.

Do not use instruments that are not

intrinsically safe in the explosive

atmosphere.

House Keeping

Do’s Don’ts

Assign places for everything and maintain things at

assigned places.

Clean the area after completion of work.

Use aisle space free for personnel and material

movement.

Ensure adequate illumination and ventilation for the

job.

Drop paper, plastic, glass, metal and bio-medical

waste in a separate bin kept for this purpose.

Do not leave combustible materials in

the work area.

Do not smoke in the area of work.

Do not allow dust bin to overflow.

Do not generate extra waste.

Do not disturb the safety equipment

from assigned location.

Do not block emergency switches and

on/off switches of the equipment by




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7.29

Do’s Don’ts

Know the location where emergency equipment such

as first aid box, fire fighting equipment, SCBA,

Stretchers is kept.

Arrest all types of spills such as chemical, water, oil,

air / gas, steam etc. and clean up the area

immediately.

Ensure exits are indicated / painted for use during

emergency.

storming of materials in front of work.

Do not leave cleaning agent like Acetone,

IsoPropyl Alcohol, Kerosene etc. at the

work area after completion of work.

Do not block fire exit point by storing

materials or by means.

Do not leave a spillage unattended.




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Transportation of Hazardous Chemicals

Following Hazardous chemicals will be transported through road transport in M/s. Holzwood Industries Pvt. Ltd.: Phenol, Formaldehyde (37%) and Acetic Acid

Sr. No.

Name of Chemical

Handling of Fire emergency Handling of Spill / Leak

1. Formaldehyde

37%

SMALL FIRE CO2, dry chemical, water spray or regular foam LARGE FIRE: use water spray, fog or regular foam

Absorb liquid mass with fly ash or cement powder. Use sodium bisulfate (NaHSO4) to neutralize spill If material dissolved, apply activated carbon

2. Phenol

SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use water spray, fog or foam. Do not use water jet.

Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Prevent entry into sewers Eliminate all ignition sources.

3. Acetic Acid

Use carbon dioxide (CO2), powder, alcohol-resistant foam to extinguish

Take up liquid spill into inert absorbent material, e.g.: sand, earth, vermiculite, powdered limestone.

Precautions to be taken while carrying Hazardous material through road transport Driver will observe at all times all the precautions to prevent fire, explosion or escape of hazardous goods, shall ensure parking in a safe place and under control and supervision of himself or some other competent person. The driver will keep a TREMCARD (Transport Emergency Card) and other relevant information in his cabin. Emergency information Penal Such panel (marked on goods carriage i.e. vehicle shall contain

1. Placement of Emergency information panels on goods carriage.

Emergency Planning for Transport of Hazardous Chemicals Driver of hazardous cargo will be trained to handle small emergencies

In case of emergency Takeout 'TREMCARD', MSDS etc. from vehicle and give it to police / fire or

rescue team. The content of a 'TREMCARD' will include name of cargo (material), nature of its

hazard, protective devices including PPE and emergency action to (1) inform Police and Fire

Brigade (2) Spill or gas control (3) Fire control and (4) First aid

The transporter will carry 'Emergency kit' containing tool kit, emergency lighting, fire

extinguisher, protective clothing, breathing equipment and first-aid kit

Vehicle will be taken in open area and parked away from thickly populated area

Cordon the area around leak.

Stop traffic and keep people away from the vehicle

Proper training to drivers of hazardous chemicals is legally required. Safety checklist or

transport vehicles shall be prepared and used




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Report of Accident The driver transporting any hazardous goods will immediately report any accident involving such goods to the nearest police station and also the owner of the goods carriage or the transporter.

7.9 Disaster Management Plan

7.9.1 Disaster

Disaster , It is a catastrophic situation in which the day-to-day patterns of life are, in many

instances, suddenly disrupted and people are plunged into helplessness and suffering and as a

result need protection, clothing,, shelter, medical and social care and other, necessities of life.

There are two types of emergency control plans (1) On site emergency plan and (2) Off site

emergency or disaster plan.

7.9.2 Statutory Provisions:

Section 41B (4) of the Factories Act, 1948 requires an on site emergency plan and detailed

disaster control measures for the safety of the factory workers and the general public living in

the vicinity of the factory. The occupier is required to inform the workers and the public about

the safety measures to be taken in the event of an accident.

Rule 13, 14 and Schedule II & 12 of the Manufacture; Storage and Import of Hazardous

Chemicals Rules, 1989 and Rule 5, 7, 9 and 10 of the Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning,

Preparedness and Response) Rules, 1996 also provide for on-site and off-site emergency plans

7.9.3 On-Site Emergency Plan :

Objectives of the Plan

1. To protect persons and properly of your factory in case of all kinds of accidents, dangerous

occurrences (Rule 103, Gujarat Factories Rules), emergencies and disasters happening in or

affecting your plant at any time.

2. To inform people and surroundings about above happening if it is likely to adversely affect

them.

3. To inform authorities including helping agencies (doctors, hospitals, fire, police, transport,

etc.) in advance, and also at the lime of actual happening.

4. To identify, assess, foresee and work out various kinds of possible hazards, their places,

potential and damaging capacity and area in case of above happenings. Review, revise,

redesign, replace or reconstruct the process, plant, vessels and control measures if so

assessed.

5. To work out a plan with detailed instructions to cope up with above happenings, based on

your personnel, equipment and records. Necessary requirements shall be added if not




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7.32

already available. Levels of hazardous substances shall be minimised to the extent possible.

Establish machinery for rescue and recuperation operations, total loss control and

prevention of harms and recurrence of above happenings. Ensure that absolute safety and

security is achieved within the shortest time.

7.9.4 Site Plan of the Factory and Surrounding:

Proposed unit has prepared a plan of the factory premises and surroundings showing therein

the areas of various hazards such' as fire, explosion, toxic release etc., and also location of

assembly points, equipment room, personal protective equipment room, telephone room, first

aid or, emergency control room, main gate, emergency gates, normal wind direction, north

direction.

Location of dangerous substances: Raw material (drum) storage area, Tank farm area, &

Process area

7.9.5 Types of Overall Emergencies

In the risk assessment study, section 7.3 describes all type of hazards are listed along with its

causes in or near plant. Fire (small and big), explosion, toxic exposure, strike, storm, flood and

other hazardous possible situations shall be described with reasons. Sources of hazard from

outside or neighboring plants, tanks, structure etc. shall be mentioned.

Sr.

No.

Type of emergency

including disaster

(Major class)

May arise due to

At (Place)

People and area

likely to be

affected

1 Fire

spillage or leakages at

storage tank

Storage area

of raw

materials

Plant Operator,

Labors, workers

Admin staff

2 Explosion

Failure of the safety

valve/pressure relief

valve, corrosion of

critical parts of the

boiler, or low water

level.

Boiler and

Thermic Fluid

Heater

3 Release of Toxic

Gas/Vapour

Leakages from

tank/pipes/valves

Tank farm

area, process

area

4 Spillage of flammable

liquid /gas

Loading and unloading Tank farm

area, process

area

5 Deliberate Sabotage,

Terrorism, Air Raid etc.

- -

6

Natural Calamities: -

Lightening, Storm,

Earthquake, Flood etc.

- -

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valve

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety_valve

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrosion




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Sr.

No.

Type of emergency

including disaster

(Major class)

May arise due to

At (Place)

People and area

likely to be

affected

7

Collapsing of structure

Overturning of tanker

containing flammable /

toxic substances

- -

7.9.6 Assessment of In-plant Hazards

Detailed hazard assessment of in-plant and control measures provided in section 7.3, table 7.3 &

7.4 of EIA report. Storage Hazards and Controls, Process Hazards and Controls are

described in same topic.

Information on the preliminary hazard analysis:

Sr. No.

Type of Accident

System elements or events that can lead to

a major accident

Hazards Safety relevant components

1. Fire /

explosion

Storage Vessel of Phenol, Formaldehyde &

Acetic Acid / Reactor containing Phenol,

Formaldehyde & Acetic Acid

Formation of an explosive atmosphere due to : Faulty safety valve Corroded vessel Overpressure

Adequate Safety valve Vessel, corrosion

protection Pressure gauge sprinkler

system Fire hydrant system

2. Toxic gas Release

Storage Tank of Phenol & Formaldehyde

Toxic Gas release due to : Faulty safety valve Glands/seal leaks in valves,

pumps Hose/pipe failure, leakage

Overflow from storage tanks Failure of APCM

Adequate Safety valve Use of Seal less pumps Adequate scrubber for

gas release control Perform LDAR at regular

interval

7.9.7 Emergency Control System:

A. Emergency Organizations and Functions

Key personnel of the organization and responsibilities assigned to them in case of an

emergency

Sr.

No. Name of Directors Responsibility

1 Mr. Kanti Bhai Kacharabhai Patel Director - Main Controller 1

The organizational set-up necessary for chain of commands during emergency situation, which

may arise in the premises. The system is described in following Subsections.




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Organizational Set-up

Members of above teams will be available during all shifts and holidays. Protective equipment,

lifting gears, fire control points etc.; will be provided in sufficient numbers and their locations

will be well informed. Necessary vehicles will be kept ready to shift persons 'in case of

emergency.

B. Emergency Control Room (Safety officer room)

The place identified as Emergency Control Center is considered as safety officer room. The

facilities available at the Emergency Control Center shall include:

i. Internal Telephone & External Telephone:

Address and telephone numbers of the Factory Inspectorate, Gujarat Pollution Control Board,

Police, Fire Brigade, Hospitals and OEP Team Members.

ii. Manual Fire/Emergency Siren

iii. Siren Actuation Switch

iv. Important Address and Telephone Numbers

v. Emergency Vehicles

vi. Confined Space Entry Procedure

vii. List of Antidote/actions to be taken in case of hazardous chemical/materials.

viii. Material Safety Data Sheets of chemicals

ix. A copy of On-Site Disaster Management Plan

Director / Main Controller Overall responsible for Emergency situation Internal and external communication Direct and control rehabilitation of affected area

after emergency

Plant Manager / Incident Controller / EHS Officer

Next responsible officer after the Main Controller

Will give direction to stop all operations within the affected area

Evacuation of workers and staffs from affected area

Security and Fire Officer Responsible for the firefighting /

rescue facility Emergency alarm / siren Communicate with incident

controller regarding situation

Plant Supervisor & Staff Use of appropriate PPEs at

relevant place

Approach to a

ssembly point

Communicate with Plant Manager

Mock drill & record keeping at relevant time interval




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x. Plant layout-indicating storage of hazardous materials, layout of fire Hydrants/extinguishers,

entrances/exits, roads etc.

xi. Portable P.A. System, Manual Siren, flood lights, Torches, Pickaxe, Saw, Nylon Ropes.

xii. Fire Blankets / Fire Proximity Suit, Breathing Apparatus, First Aid Box etc.

xiii. List of employees with address, telephone number, blood group etc.

All communications after General Shift working hours and on Sundays/ Holidays are to be

routed through the Security Gate Office.

C. On – site facilities for emergency control

Fire Emergency: Trained personnel will be employed in all the shifts. The responsibilities and

duties include:

To fight the fire with available internal firefighting equipment and to stop leakage of liquid

etc.

To provide personal protective equipment (PPE) to the team.

To cordon the area and inform incident controller or site main controller about the

development of emergency.

To train the persons (essential workers) to use personal protective equipment and fire-

fighting equipment.

D. Fire Fighting Facilities to be provided on - site:

1. Fire Buckets / Fire Extinguishers

Fire buckets and portable fire extinguishers already provided in all the areas depending

upon the specific needs of the area. Some spare equipment will also be maintained in the

inventory at an identified fire & safety equipment store.

2. Fire Alarm Sirens

It is provided to alert all the employees inside the premises about the situation of an

emergency. Alarm and details are given in below table.




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ALARM & SIREN

EMERGENCY SIREN TONE :-

In case of emergency the siren will be blown as below

FIRE

CODE

…

________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O Five Times

15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec

GAS

LEAK

…

Ten Times

________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O ________ O

15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec 15 sec

ALL CLEAR :- Continuous sound for one minute _______________________________________

TESTING …

`Second Day of every month at 11.00 hrs

… F r C ll w by All l r s r .

PLACE OF ITS LOCATION: ____________________




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3. Sand Buckets

5 no. of sand buckets will be provided within the industrial premises in case of emergency

fire.

4. Oxygen Cylinder

Oxygen cylinder will be provided for emergency.

5. Safety Equipment

All types of personnel protective safety equipment required for handling the emergency will

be arranged in the proposed unit. Some of the protective equipment is as follow:

o Canister/Cartridge type masks

o Dust Masks

o PVC suits, Aprons

o Safety showers/ Eye Wash fountains

o Other personnel protective appliances, like safety glasses, gumboots, helmets, hand

gloves, face shields, safety belts, safety ladders, safety torches, blankets.

6. Details of fire extinguishers

Table 7.11: Fire Extinguishers

Fire extinguisher will be installed at strategic positions at Raw material storage area, Process

area, Security office and at other relevant places. Following type of fire extinguisher will be

provided.

CO2 type Fire Extinguisher

Dry Chemical Powder (DCP)

Foam

Sand Buckets

Underground / above ground Water storage tank (For Fire) 25 kl will be installed.

Reliable measuring instruments, control units and servicing of such equipments :

Preventive maintenance plan will be followed for all the equipments / instruments

Precautions in designing of the foundation and load bearing parts of the building: All the

necessary precautions related to structural engineering will be taken at the time of construction

activity

E. Assembly Points:

The assembly points for gathering workers / Admin staff is fixed and clearly marked as per the

wind direction on plant layout as well as on site. In case of emergency some locations are

considered as Assembly Points. Depending on the wind direction and location of emergency,

Assembly Point is declared. The employees should run across the wind direction and not

against the wind direction.

F. Medical Arrangement:

First Aid Boxes have been provided at various strategic locations. Requisite number employees




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are trained about First Aid, Liaison with nearest hospitals.

Antidotes

Antidotes for Formaldehyde Milk Activated Charcoal or Water

Antidotes for Phenol Polyethylene glycol 300 or 400 Activated Charcoal and 240 ml Milk.

Antidotes for Acetic Acid

Milk of Magnesia

7.9.8 General Procedures and responsibilities:

Mock drill: Mock drills are carried out regularly to familiarize the staff with their roles, fire

protection equipment/system installed in the plant and use of personnel protective equipment.

Senior officials.

Wind Socks: Wind direction is determined with the help of installed windsocks.

Procedure on Noticing an Emergency

If anybody notices any situation, which may lead to a disaster, should be immediately

inform the Shift In-charge / site controller / Incident Controller / Fire & Safety Supervisor /

Security.

Take charge of the situation as Incident Controller.

Rush to the site of emergency to get the correct picture and then to Emergency Control

Center for speedy control over the situation by making an arrangement for raising the

alarm.

On arrival of Team members, he shall assign duties as required and activate the On-Site

Emergency Plan.

Ensure safety of the plant and the personnel in the plant. He will make an assessment of the

emergency and decide on external assistance.

Communicate and Coordinate among the Incidents Controller/ Site Controller/ Factory

manager/ fire safety supervisor etc. and is final authority on all matters related with

management of emergency such as:

Firefighting

Welfare and rescue operations.

Arrange for Civil/Mechanical/Electrical work during emergency.

Transport.




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EHS/Safety Officer and Security Staff:

Rush immediately to the scene of the fire/emergency, select and set out appropriate

fire/emergency equipment. He will take the below mentioned actions at the earliest opportunity, if

the fire/emergency is not controlled.

He will

Call the security personnel from their residences for additional manpower if required.

Regulate entry and exit of personal required for controlling the fire/emergency.

Restrict exit of personal required for controlling the fire/emergency.

Arrange for Personnel Protective Equipment required for the emergency.

Call, the local Fire Brigade, Police in case of necessity in consultation with the Incident

controller.

Arrange transport facilities for removal of causalities to dispensary / hospital.

Take responsibility of law and order.

Keep detailed records of the incident and progress of operations to fight the emergency.

Factory manager:

He will rush to the Emergency Control Centre and collect the information from the Incident

Controller. Further he will,

Announce the location of the Assembly Point after getting information from Incident

Controller / site controller.

Take the list of persons to be communicated internally and externally.

Maintain liaison with the press, government agencies i.e. Police, Fire Brigade etc. and the

neighborhood regarding the emergency under instructions from Incident Controller.

Courteously Receive officers from the State Government or neighbors to the Administration

Block only and inform to Incident Controller that they can be taken care off.

Take all the steps required for the welfare such as providing tea, snacks, emergency

temporary Medical Center in consultation with the incident controller/site controller.

Disclose all the necessary information in the plant and media so as to avoid rumors and

Confusion.

Also be responsible for the head counts at the Assembly Points.

Supervisor/ shift in charge & security:

Proceed to the scene; establish contact with firemen and incident controller to supplement

efforts in fire fighting.

Assist in searching casualties and help to remove them to the medical center.

Organize outside assistance in fire fighting and rescue operations if required.

Mobilize personal protective equipment and safety appliances and assist personnel handling

emergency in using them.

Keep and check on any new development of unsafe situation and report the same to Site

Main Controller.

Documents

3.1.1 Baseline Study Area 3.1.2 Methodology of Baseline Study