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ROCKS
3.1 The Rock Cycle
Rocks are solids made of one or more minerals There are three types of rocks:
1. Igneous 2. Sedimentary 3. Metamorphic
Together they made up the study of GEOLOGY
How do these connect to Earth and Space Science?
BIG IDEA
They occupy 5/6 of the Earth’s Volume They make up 2/3 of the Earth’s Mass
The oldest rocks are meteorites They are 4.5 billion years old
SPACE AND TIME
The three types of rocks are
INTERCONNECTED through the ROCK CYCLE
FORCES AND MOTION
The appearance of a rock is affected by several
factors: What elements it’s made from Rate of cooling They way it’s compacted Amount of Heat and Pressure Exposure to types of hot fluids
Matter and Energy
Rocks are like TIME MACHINES! By analyzing their characteristics we can learn
about conditions that existed on Earth long ago.
Earth as a System
James Bond Island, in Phuket,
Thailand
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sUscvHqHkmg
Rocks are so cool they make it into famous movies!
Find a cool rock from anywhere in the world1. Write the name2. Where in the world it is3. Include a picture4. What include the type of rock it is (igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic)
ePortfolio: This will be your artifact for the class.
Your Task
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d68yRIE9OvQ
Back to the future, 2015?
Rocks = COOL TIME MACHINES
In conclusion…
1.
2.
3.1 The Rock Cycle
A rock is a solid mass of mineral or mineral-
like matter that occurs naturally as part of our planet
Three types of rock are:1.2.3.
Definition
When the systems interact, they cause rocks to
change from one type to another. This is called the Rock Cycle
System Interactions
Rock Brothers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
9lyCYXXIHT0
Video and Worksheet
Using the textbook (pg. 67) re-create the rock cycle
Show all the connections that can be made from one part of the rock cycle to the other
When finished, answer this question:
Question: Can a sedimentary rock become an igneous rock without changing first to a metamorphic rock? Explain
Putting the Rock Cycle Together
1. What enables rocks to take alternate paths 2. Where does the energy that powers The
Rock Cycle come from?
ePortfolio work: 1. Upload your image of the Rock Cycle 2. Two questions from 3.1
Exceeding Questions
1. What are the three types of rocks?
2. Place the rocks in the correct order in the rock cycle
3. What are the two types of Igneous Rocks?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MYAFfeNO00
3.1 Review
Goals for the class:
1. Compare Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous Rocks 2. Demonstrate how the rate of cooling affects and
igneous rock’s texture 3. Classify Igneous rocks according to texture and
composition
3.2 Igneous Rocks
INSTRUSIVE EXTRUSIVE
Definition: Rocks that form from magma that form underneath the earth’s surfaceIntrude means: Forced into an existing rockHow they form: As magma rises, it cools, allowing elements to combine and form minerals
Example: Granite
Definition: Lava cools down and hardens
Extrude means: Forced out
How they form: Magma reaches the earth’s surface as lava, cools, and hardens
Example: Rhyolite
Goal 1: Comparing Igneous Rocks
• Page 71 of the Textbook• Read about Intrusive and Extrusive Igneous Rocks and complete
The table. Use the heading as a guide.
As Magma rises from the depths underground, it cools As it cools, elements combine and form minerals These minerals grow in size and become a solid mass of
interlocking crystals.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrN7jygu4cQ
Goal 2: Rate of cooling in Igneous Rocks
EXTRUSIVE INTRUSIVE
Extrusive and Intrusive Igneous rocks have
different appearances. How can we group them?
at: Texture (what it feels like) Composition (what it’s made from)
Textures: Coarse-grained, fine-grained, glassy, porphyritic
Compositions: Granitic, Basaltic, Andesitic, Ultramafic
Goal 3: Classification
Use the table provided to describe the different
textures and compositions
Textbook Reference: Page 71-72
Homework: 3.1, 3.2 ePortfolio Questions
Formative Quiz: SundayThat means it does not go on Portal but it let’s me know if you’re doing your work and if you understand the material.
Describing Texture and Composition
Recall the Rock Cycle Write the order of the rocks and any alternate
pathways you remember Set this image aside. You will need it to
answer a question.
Warm Up!
Recipe to make metamorphic rocks:
HEAT and PRESSURE
These forces create recrystallization in the minerals that make up the metamorphic rocks.
There is a change in shape, texture, and size Metamorphic rocks can be formed from Sedimentary
Rocks and Igneous Rocks
Question: Which one is an alternate pathway from the rock cycle?
3.4 Metamorphic Rocks
If they require HEAT and
PRESSURE, where do you predict metamorphic rocks are formed?
How do they form?
Contact metamorphism: Magma forces
its way into rock. Example: Marble What do you notice about the appearance?
Rock Formation
Regional Metamorphism: As mountains are made over time, large areas as exposed to heat and pressure.
Rock Formation
Agents of Metamorphism
1.Heat2.Pressure3. Hydrothermal solutions
1. Heat: Provides energy for the recrystallization. Temperatures range from 150-200 degrees Celsius
2. Pressure: closes any gaps underground. By compacting rocks together it can also cause recrystallization. Heat and Pressure create folding in the rock.
3. Solutions: also contribute to recrystallization because they help move ions (charged elements) They can also dissolve minerals and deposit new ones.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
kWJwJqVDUF8
Video
Foliated- refers to the texture being layered or
banded These types of rocks are formed when many
minerals combine under extreme conditions. They are compact and dense
Classification-Foliated
Texture does not have bands or layering These rocks are usually made from ONE
mineral Example: Marble. It is only made from calcite.
Classification-Nonfoliated
Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Foliated or Nonfoliated?
Foliated or Nonfoliated?
With the information you have learned this class, summarize the information using a meme of your choiceDon’t forget to #hashtag your key words
Exit Ticket: MEME
