30389s06 Collado Galileo

7/31/2019 30389s06 Collado Galileo

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Galileo onMotion

Galileo onMotion

My purpose is to set forth a very newscience dealing with a very ancientsubject. There is, in nature, perhapsnothing older than motion,concerning which the books writtenby philosophers are neither few norsmall; nevertheless I havediscovered by EXPERIMENT someproperties of it which are worth

knowing and which have nothitherto been either observed or

My purpose is to set forth a very newscience dealing with a very ancient

subject. There is, in nature, perhapsnothing older than motion,concerning which the books writtenby philosophers are neither few norsmall; nevertheless I havediscovered by EXPERIMENT someproperties of it which are worth

knowing and which have nothitherto been either observed or


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Scientific

revolution

Supporter of

Copernicanism

Telescope

First and

second laws of

motion

Experiment

Scientific

method

Father of

modern

Astronomy

Father ofmodern

physics

Father of

science

Freedom ofthought & the

Catholic

Church

LegacyLegacy

So, whosGalileo?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galilee.jpg


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Bridging the Gap:

Aristotle to Galileo

Bridging the Gap:

Aristotle to Galileo

Philoponus533 A.D.

Avicenna980 A.D.

Oresme1330s

Buridan

Ockham1300s


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Born in 1564 in Pisa of Vincenzo Galilei and Guilia Ammannati Florence University of Pisa; 1581-1585 Chair of Mathematics Univ. of Pisa 1589 Father dies in 1591; Professory ofMathematics at the

University of Padua Meets Maria Gamba; Virginia (later Sister Maria Celeste) is

born (1600), Livia (1601), later Sister Arcangela, andVincenzio (1606)

1609; the spyglass Cardinal Robert Bellarmine

1616 wrote the Letter to the Grand Duchess 1630 wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Systems of

the World

Inquisition bans the Dialogue and Galileo is sentenced tolifetime house arrest

1634 his daughter, Virginia, dies

Born in 1564 in Pisa of Vincenzo Galilei and Guilia Ammannati Florence University of Pisa; 1581-1585 Chair of Mathematics Univ. of Pisa 1589 Father dies in 1591; Professory ofMathematics at the

University of Padua Meets Maria Gamba; Virginia (later Sister Maria Celeste) is

born (1600), Livia (1601), later Sister Arcangela, andVincenzio (1606)

1609; the spyglass Cardinal Robert Bellarmine

1616 wrote the Letter to the Grand Duchess 1630 wrote Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief Systems of

the World

Inquisition bans the Dialogue and Galileo is sentenced tolifetime house arrest

1634 his daughter, Virginia, dies

Galileos LifeGalileos Life
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Galileo.arp.300pix.jpg


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Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe,which stands continually open to our gaze. But the

book cannot be understood unless one first learns tocomprehend the language and read the characters in

which it is written. It is written in the language ofmathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles,

and other geometric figures without which it ishumanly impossible to understand a single word of it;without these one is wandering in a dark labyrinth.

Galileo from The Assayer

Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe,which stands continually open to our gaze. But the

book cannot be understood unless one first learns tocomprehend the language and read the characters in

which it is written. It is written in the language ofmathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles,

and other geometric figures without which it ishumanly impossible to understand a single word of it;without these one is wandering in a dark labyrinth.

Galileo from The Assayer


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WorksWorks

De Motu (1602-1604) neverpublished

Dialogue Concerning the Two ChiefSystems of the World (1625-1630)-1632

Discourses and mathematicaldemonstrations concerning the twonew sciences (1633-1642)-1638

De Motu (1602-1604) neverpublished

Dialogue Concerning the Two ChiefSystems of the World (1625-1630)-1632

Discourses and mathematicaldemonstrations concerning the twonew sciences (1633-1642)-1638


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Galileos QualifiersGalileos Qualifiers

Rectilinear vs. Circular Motion Straight line motion or motion parallel

with the surface of the earth?

Criterion of Simplicity

Agreement with experiment

Rectilinear vs. Circular Motion Straight line motion or motion parallel

with the surface of the earth? Criterion of Simplicity

Agreement with experiment


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Kinematics: Quantitativedescription of the motion of

bodiesVS.

Dynamics: Causes of suchmotion

Kinematics: Quantitativedescription of the motion of

bodiesVS.

Dynamics: Causes of suchmotion


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Naturally AcceleratedMotion/Constant

Acceleration

Naturally AcceleratedMotion/Constant

Acceleration Vs. uniform motion motion in

which equal distances are covered

in equal increments of time A motion is said to be uniformly

accelerated when, starting from

rest, its speed receives equalincrements in equal times

Vs. uniform motion motion inwhich equal distances are covered

in equal increments of time A motion is said to be uniformly

accelerated when, starting from

rest, its speed receives equalincrements in equal times


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Inclined Plane

Experiments

Inclined Plane

Experiments

http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500045




~ 100 trials

with various

inclinations for

various lengths

of time
http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500045http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500045http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500045http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500065http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500045


11/21

What do we make of this?What do we make of this?

Finds that the distance of descentalways varies closely to the square

of the time Algebra had yet to be applied to

such problems

The final velocity of the balldepended on how high the planewas, not directly to the planesincline angle

Finds that the distance of descentalways varies closely to the square

of the time Algebra had yet to be applied to

such problems

The final velocity of the balldepended on how high the planewas, not directly to the planesincline angle


12/21

Projectile MotionProjectile Motion

1. Constant downward acceleration

2. Maintains constant horizontal velocity

1. Constant downward acceleration

2. Maintains constant horizontal velocity

Treat vertical and horizontal motions

independently

Combination of two components will agree

with observed trajectory

Observed trajectory is parabolic


13/21


Derived Equations

Horizontal x = vot

Vertical y = 1/2gt2

Parabolic y = ( g) x2

Trajectory 2v2o

Derived Equations

Horizontal x = vot

Vertical y = 1/2gt2

Parabolic y = ( g) x2

Trajectory 2v2o


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http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500098


15/21

The Components of MotionThe Components of Motion

http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/?
http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/?section=7http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/?section=7http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/?section=7http://www.makingthemodernworld.org.uk/larning_modules/maths/04.TU.02/?section=7


16/21

InertiaInertia

Momentum product of the weightof a body times its velocity

Inertia - a body in motion tends to

stay in motion (doesnt specifystraight-line)

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.html

Momentum product of the weightof a body times its velocity

Inertia - a body in motion tends to

stay in motion (doesnt specifystraight-line)

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.html

http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.htmlhttp://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.htmlhttp://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500135http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500135http://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.htmlhttp://id.mind.net/~zona/mstm/physics/mechanics/forces/galileo/galileoInertia.html


17/21

Break from Aristotelian

Philosophy?

Break from Aristotelian

Philosophy?

Objects are no longer purposeful break from teleology

***Disclaimer: Concepts of inertia did notbegin only with Galileo

Objects are no longer purposeful break from teleology

***Disclaimer: Concepts of inertia did notbegin only with Galileo


18/21

Galileo on AristotleGalileo on Aristotle

Pg 84 in book and open discussion Pg 84 in book and open discussion


19/21

PisaPisa

Dropped ballsdiff. mass

Independent ofmass

Thus, disprovingAristotle

Dropped ballsdiff. mass

Independent ofmass

Thus, disprovingAristotle


20/21

Questions?Questions?

Summary:http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chia

Summary:http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiav
http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500012http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500012http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500012http://brunelleschi.imss.fi.it/genscheda.asp?appl=SIM&xsl=multimed&lingua=ENG&chiave=500012


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All truths are easy to understandonce they are discovered; the point isto discover them.

Galileo

All truths are easy to understandonce they are discovered; the point isto discover them.

Galileo

Documents

30389s06 Collado Galileo