3 Wheel Vehicles

8/21/2019 3 Wheel Vehicles

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Three wheelers-Present models-

Ind ian Norm s and Condi t ion s

By-Rahul Pedapudi

20063062,M2


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History A Time Line of 3 Wheelers. 1478:Leonardo da Vinci draws plans for a self powered

automobile that is powered by clockwork. 1769:Cugnot builds the Worlds first steam powered self-

propelled vehicleto transport man (France). 1769:Worlds first auto-accident. Cugnot drives his steam

vehicle into a garden wall. (France). 1784:William Murdock builds a model steam 3-wheeler. (UK)

1801:Richard Trevithick creates the Worlds first Passengercar,A huge steam powered vehicle. (UK) 1833:Dr Churchs steam coach runs daily from Birmingham to

London carrying upto 44 people at an average speed of14mph.(UK)

1885:Karl Benz unveils the Worlds first motorcar - The Benz

Motorwagen. (Germany) 1896:John Henry Knight builds first petrol car to run on British

soil. (UK)


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1900:Many bicycle companies start to produce 3-wheeled forecars. 1912:Many 3-wheeler manufacturers vanish with the onset of World War-

1. 1921:Wall Street Crash - results in the need for light cycle-car

3-wheeler manufacturers. 1939:Worldd largest production 3-wheeler manufactured, the Davis

can carry seven adults. (USA) 1949:Suez Crisis, many 3-wheeler manufacturers appear as the price of

petrol soars. 1963:Reliant develop 600cc overhead valve unit which isBritains first

flowline light alloy motor vehicle engine. 1964:Spirit of America records a speed of 566.27 mph becoming the

Worlds fastest jet powered 3-wheeler.

1964:Worlds smallest production 3-wheeler manufactured. The 49ccPeel P50.(Isle of Man)

1999:Fastest road legal 3-wheelerproduced. The Vigillante has a top

speed in excess of 200mph and a 0-60 mph time of 3 seconds. (USA)


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Types of Three wheel CarsA three-wheel car is, by design, basically a triangle

shape.

Having one wheel up front and two in the back isknown as the deltaconfiguration. The benefit to the delta setup is its inherent low cost. Most cars set up this way have the engine driving the rear wheels

and leave steering to the front one.

It's relatively easy (and inexpensive) to build a steering setup withonly one wheel.

The second type of three-wheeler setup is called thetadpoleor reverse trike.

much more stable than the delta setup because the back wheeldrives the vehicle while the two wheels up front are responsible

for steering. Here's also an aerodynamic benefit, since the vehicle is shaped

almost like a teardrop -- wide and round up front and tapering offin the rear. This allows air to flow easily over the vehicle'sbodywork.


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Three wheel Car Advantages Provide people with the efficient transportation they need.

Hosting smaller engines. The triangular shape is more aerodynamic than a boxy car,

meaning it can achieve better fuel economy simply from its bodydesign alone.

A three-wheeled car's small size -- plus the inclusion of a

powerful engine -- can mean exciting performance as well.

It's built much lower to the ground than a typical motorcycle andthat lower center of gravity gives it incredible handlingcharacteristics.

Three wheelers are quite economical in terms of manufacturingand maintenance.


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Three wheel Car Disadvantages Because of their smaller size, three-wheelers don't offer the

seating and storage options you see in most four-wheel cars. the delta configuration -- are simply more prone to tipping over

than four-wheel cars are.


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Commonly used 3 wheelers in India Bajaj GC 1000

Pal Wonder Piaggio Agni Prinda Auto Rickshaw Cycle RickshawThree wheeler manufacturer in India Bajaj Auto, Mahindra & Mahindra and The Italy-based Piaggio.

Scooters India Limited

In the three-wheeler segment, comprising both passenger and goodsvehicles, the former is 76 per cent. Of this, Bajaj Auto enjoys a 46per cent market share, Piaggio Vehicles has 38 per cent and

Mahindra, 10 per cent.


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Auto Rickshaw An auto rickshawor three-wheelers(tuk-tuk,auto,rick,autorickor

rickshaw) is a motor vehicle that is one of the chief modes of transport acrossmany parts of South and East Asia, especially as a vehicle for hire.

Auto rickshaws are particularly popular where traffic congestion is a problem.They are common in many Asian cities like Bangkok, Dhaka, Ahmedabad, Pune,Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Hyderabad and Bengaluru.

DESIGN

An auto rickshaw is generally characterized by a sheet-metal body or open frame

that rests on three wheels, a canvas roof with drop-down sides, a small cabin inthe front of the vehicle for the driver ,and seating space for three in the rear.They are generally fitted with an air-cooled scooter version of a two-stroke

engine, with handlebar controls instead of a steering wheel.


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Cycle Rickshaw The cycle rickshawis a small-scale local

means of transport; it is also known by a

variety of other names such as pedicab,

cyclo, or trishaw.

Cycle rickshaws are human powered, a typeof tricycle designed to carry pasengers in

addition to the driver. They are often used ona for hire basis.

DESIGN

In most of South Asia, the passenger seat is

located behind the driver on a delta tricycle,

while in Indonesia and Vietnam the driver sits

behind the passenger seat on a tadpole tricycle.


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Other 3 wheel vehicles

Tricycle or Trike

Steam tricycle

Tri-Magnum

All-terrain vehicle

Carver


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Tricycle or Trike


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Steam Tricycle


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Tri Magnum


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All terrain vehicle


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Carver


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TrafficIssues Auto rickshaws have a top-speed of around 50 km/h (about 31

mph) and a cruising speed of around 35 km/h (22 mph). Trafficauthorities in big cities try to implement different mechanisms tocircumvent the resulting traffic slow-down issues; however, noneof these have really proven to work out.

Efficient users of road space.

Comparatively efficient users of energy.

Comparatively low emission of green house gas.

Over-represented in traffic accidents.

Significant source of air and noise pollution.

A handful of major cities ban, cap or restrict motor-rickshawsfrom

certain areas (Delhi, Mumbai).


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Norms and Conditions 3 wheeler norms, India is already ahead of most of

the advanced world as far as the emission norms areconcerned.Emission Norms for 2 / 3 Wheelers to be the same in the EntireCountry

Bharat Stage I I normsFrom 1 April, 2005 Bharat Stage I I I normsPreferably from 1 April, 2008 but not later than 1 April,2010 in any case.


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The 3wheelervehicle manufacturers may be askedto give mandatory on-road emission warranty for30,000 km in respect of such parts which may haveimpact on emissions including that of catalyticconverter.

Nano effect: 3 wheelers to be cheaper? The Nano is priced at Rs 1.12 lakh, Bajaj Auto's RE petrol

variant costs about Rs 90,000, while its diesel variant ispegged at Rs 1.2 lakh.

Bajaj Auto, the country's largest three-wheeler passenger

vehicles manufacturer, said it had enough leeway to reducethe price of its popular auto rickshaws to counter any shift byits consumers to Tata Motors' Nano.


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3 Wheeler Applications in India


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Hybrid Three Wheel Vehicles


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Hybrid 3 Wheel VehiclesVOLKSWAGEN GX3 46 miles per gallon

Will cost American consumers under

$17,000 for the two-passenger vehicle.

The automaker claims it will be a lot

safer than a motorcycle, thanks to a

steel construction frame with paneling

made of high-density fiberglass.

The GX3's front axle resembles that of a car, while the rear is more like amotorcycle.


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MERCEDES BENZ F 300 Life Jet

An interesting vehicle, with an active

tilt control system that allows the car

to lean into turns at just the right angle

with maximum safety and comfort for

two occupants. The engine, the same as in the

Mercedes-Benz A-class located

between the rear wheel and cockpit,

offering better fuel mileage than motorcycles.

Lightweight, with an aluminum chassis weighing only 196 pounds.

The roof, split into two halves, could easily be removed and stored above therear wheel.


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PEUGEOT 20CUP Built around a one-piece carbon

chassis with a separate black

leather trimmed cockpit for two

occupants .

Only 5.8 feet in height. It is designed

to load the front axle and keep the rearaxle nearly load-free.

Three 1-inch alloy wheels, two in the front and one in the rear.

a turbo-charged four-cylinder, 16-valve direct-injection engine. uses a touch screen in the center of the steering wheel to operate the vehicle.


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XNovo Three Wheeler

Both rear wheels will be belt

driven in the 500cc Piaggio-

engined petrol version,

although hybrid and fullyelectric versions are also

on the cards, the latter

featuring twin electric motors,

one in each wheel hub.


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Piaggios ybridScooter


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The Car of the FutureBy Aptera Motors


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3 Wheel Vehicles