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7/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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UNSATURATEDHIDROCARBONS
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Unsaturated hidrocarbons containscarbon-carbon double bonds.
Alkene = olefinAlkyne = acetylene
Aromatic compound = benzene ring
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ALKENE
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Alkena disebut juga olefin
Unsaturated hidrocarbon
Double bond Pembentuk minyak
Rumus !n"#n
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Sifat
$% alkena & $% alkana 'itik didih alkena & alkana
$erat jenis alkena & air 'idak larut dalam air ( larut dalam
pelarut organik Alkena lebih reaktif daripada alkana Produksi alkena menghasilkan
alkana ( alkohol
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Nomenclature(1)
). *elect the longest carbon-carbon chainthat cantains the double bond.
#. +ame the parent compound as you
,ould an alkene but change the aneending to ene for eample/ propane ischange to propene.
!"0 !"# !"0 !"0!"=!"# Propane Propene
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Nomenclature()
0. +umber the carbon chain of the parentcompound starting ,ith the end nearerto the double bond. Use the smaller of
the t,o numbers on the double-bondedcarbon atoms to indicate the position ofthe double bond. Place this number infront of the alkene name for eample/#-butene means that the carbon-carbon
double bond is bet,een carbon numbers# and 0.
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Nomenclature(!)
1. *ide chains and other groups aretreated as in naming alkanes/ bynumbering and assigning them tothe carbon atom to ,hich they arebonded.
College Chemistry_ch.22.2_p.551
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"ractice 1 #
2rite structural formulas of
). #-pentene
#. 3-methyl-#-octene0. 0-heene
1. 1-ethyl-#-heptene
4. 0/1-dimethyl-#-pentene
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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%(1)
5eometric isomer
= isomer that differ from each other
only in the geometry of themolecules and not in the order oftheir atoms.
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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%()
5eometric isomers are also called cis-trans isomers.
6f the t,o chlorine atoms are locked on opposite sides of
the double bond/ it is kno,n as the transisomer.
7trans from latin meaning 8across8 - as in transatlantic9.
6f the t,o chlorine atoms are locked on the same side ofthe double bond/ it is kno,n as the cisisomer.
7cis from latin meaning 8on this side89
http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/cis_dce.molhttp://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/motm/thalidomide/trans_dce.mol7/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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$eometric I%omeri%m in Al&ene%(!)
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"racti%e
Dra, structural formulas and namesfor all the isomers of pentene/ !4"):.
6dentify all geometric isomers.6dentify ,hich one that ha;e cis-transisomers/ and dra, the cis-transisomers.
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C'cloal&ene%
A cycloalkeneor cycloolefinis a type ofalkenehydrocarbon,hich contains aclosed ring of carbonatoms/ but has no
aromaticcharacter.
cyclopropene cyclobutene cyclopentene cycloheptene
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkenehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cycloheptene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclopentene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclopropene_2D_skeletal.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclobutene.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrocarbonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkene7/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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"rearation of Al&ene%
Crac&in*"'roli%i%
A+ala, emana%an ,i+ro&ar-on .enu, a+a
%u,u 'an %anat tini +an +enan-antuan &atali% %ili&a/alumina
Conto,#
C10H! C2H123 C2H10
al&ane al&ane al&ene
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De,'+ration of Alco,ol%
Al&o,ol +iana%&an a+a a%am %ulfat
ter&on%entra%i
Rea&%i#
Al&o,ol con4HSO1 al&ena 3 HO
Conto,#
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C 5 C 5 C 5 C 3HSO
OH
C 5 C 6 C 5 C 3HO
C 5 C 5 C 6 C 3HO
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Al&ene% ",'%ical "roertie%
T,e fir%t t,ree al&ene% are a%e%7 t,e interme+iate al&ene% are li8ui+% an+,i,er mem-er% of t,e olefin %erie% are 9a: li&e %oli+% at room temerature4
T,e al&ene% are in%olu-le in 9ater7 -ut are %olu-le in oranic %ol;ent%4 T,eli8ui+% an+ %oli+% ,a;e a +en%it' le%% t,an 9ater4
Compound Formula MP BP Density
oC oC (g/ml)
Ethylene C2H4 -!" -"2 "#$2%
Propene C&H$ -%' -4! "#$42
Butene C4H% -&" -$#' "#$&'$
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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(1)
Comustion o *l+enes
T,e al&ene% are ,i,l' flamma-le an+ -urn
rea+il' in air7 formin car-on +io:i+e an+ 9ater4C2H4, & 2 2 C2, 2 H2
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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%()
*ddition.
*ddition o Hydrogen(,i+roenation)
*ddition o Halogen(,aloenation)
*ddition o Hydrogen Halide
*ddition o ater
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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(!)
*ddition 0ea1tions a1ross the DouleBond (o:i+ation)
& H2CCH2, 2 3Mn4, 4 H2
2Mn2, 23H , CH2HCH2H
Ethylene ly1ol
Durin t,e o:i+ation of al&ene%7 t,e urle
colour of t,e ermananate %olution+i%aear% an+ t,e reaction con%titute% a te%t7&no9n a% Baeyer5s 6est7 to +etect un%aturationin an' comoun+4
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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%()
0ea1tion 7ith 8ulphuri1 *1idSimilarl'7 fumin %ul,uric aci+ a-%or-% et,'lene atroom temerature to form et,'l ,'+roen %ul,ate7 9it,muc, e;olution of ,eat4
C2H4, H284 C2H'#H84
If t,i% i% treate+ 9it, 9ater an+ 9arme+7 et,anol i%forme+4
heatC2H'#H84, H2 C2H'H , H284
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C,emical "roertie% of Al&ene%(
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Al&'ne%*Acet'lene
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Sifat#
*ifat hampir sama dengan alkena
$erupa gas tidak ber,arna
'idak larut dalam air ( gaspada tekanan ( suhu normal
*angat mudah terdekomposisi
*ebagai asetilen cair/ bersifatsangat sensitif dan dapat meledak.
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Nomenclature
'he procedure for naming alkynes isthe same as that for alkenes/ butthe ending used is yneto indicatethe presence of a triple bond.
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T,e name of %ome common al&'ne% #>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
?olecular Structural Common IU"AC
@ormula formula name name>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
CH H/CC/H Acet'lene Et,'ne
C!H1 CH!/CC/H ?et,'lacet'lene "ro'ne
C1H0 CH!CH/CC/H Et,'lacet'lene 1/But'neC1H0 CH!/CC/CH! Dimet,'lacet'lene/But'ne
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"reraration
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C,emical "roertie%
"idrogenation
"alogenation
"idrogen halida
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Aromatic H'+rocar-on
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Structure
Aromatic compounds benzene
!?"?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Benzene_circle.svg7/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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Namin #
?ono%u-%titue+ Benene%
%onosubstitued benzenes are named byadding the name of the substituent
group as a prefi to the ,ord benzene.@amples
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Nitro-enene Et,'l-enene
C,loro-enene Bromo-enene
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Bromobenzene.svg/400px-Bromobenzene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bromobenzene.svg&usg=__Xme4UydzRVJ23Drq3lCST7_mhQo=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=3iV0nOgn5bOmLM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbromobenzene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Chlorobenzene.svg/400px-Chlorobenzene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chlorobenzene.svg&usg=__JgRh6_z-Fkx5_0WyWQYmzhUZgo8=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=CkVHAemJ8ElVhM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchlorobenzene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/nomenclature/pdb/ar0010.gif&imgrefurl=http://elchem.kaist.ac.kr/jhkwak/OkanaganPdb97/nomenclature/ane-800.htm&usg=__hAA5GCiuZ6VmtgacKsMuSzbJGYU=&h=85&w=56&sz=1&hl=id&start=37&um=1&tbnid=HT_Skv6qxo_2iM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=50&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnitrobenzene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D36%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/wikimir/images/upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Ethylbenzene.PNG&imgrefurl=http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Ethylbenzene&usg=__L7GbXzCQnqXoCkTitX-bAtHM5lk=&h=155&w=95&sz=2&hl=id&start=11&um=1&tbnid=NBBejEmmgQOjOM:&tbnh=97&tbnw=59&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dethylbenzene%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26um%3D17/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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Certain mono%u-%titue+ -enene% ,a;e
%ecial name%4
?et,'l-enene 6 Toluene
H'+ro:'-enene 6 ",enol
in'l-enene 6St'rene
Benene car-o:'lic aci+ 6 Benenic aci+
Benene car-o:al+e,'+ 6 Benal+e,'+e
Amino-enene 6Aniline
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/images/styrene.gif&imgrefurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/polysty.htm&usg=__5lgCu91kDcBrfuBScSKv6AcXZwE=&h=143&w=118&sz=1&hl=id&start=61&um=1&tbnid=3lG4on1irwW1lM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstyrene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Toluene.svg/400px-Toluene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toluene.svg&usg=__6sXqWrokpOw8XR9jAqImPHlEkeQ=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=VyAtagXpTBkyuM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoluene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D17/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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Toluene ",enol St'rene
Benoic aci+ Benal+e,'+e Aniline
http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://images.encyclopedia.com/getimage.aspx%3Fid%3D2793093%26hero%3Dyes&imgrefurl=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/benzoic_acid.aspx&usg=__IOTaX9fG1qzlBxkwVUPRWwgi0cw=&h=175&w=300&sz=6&hl=id&start=455&um=1&tbnid=RPK5IVWmjx4maM:&tbnh=68&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzoic%2Bacid%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D450%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/40/Aniline-2D-skeletal.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aniline-2D-skeletal.png&usg=___bDhp2_MiniMm6KcjCUQp0USBdg=&h=1397&w=820&sz=13&hl=id&start=2&um=1&tbnid=z8Neszj5TFPk2M:&tbnh=150&tbnw=88&prev=/images%3Fq%3Daniline%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/chem103/CH.9-Notes-CHEM%2520103/CHEM%2520103-CH.940.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.olemiss.edu/courses/chem103/CH.9-Notes-CHEM%2520103/CHEM%2520103-CH.9.html&usg=__FWdlHILjZbJDdF1F0VyiJv4bFvw=&h=88&w=126&sz=2&hl=id&start=46&um=1&tbnid=DgBeWrpJ1L8_rM:&tbnh=63&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbenzaldehyde%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D36%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/images/styrene.gif&imgrefurl=http://pslc.ws/macrog/kidsmac/polysty.htm&usg=__5lgCu91kDcBrfuBScSKv6AcXZwE=&h=143&w=118&sz=1&hl=id&start=61&um=1&tbnid=3lG4on1irwW1lM:&tbnh=94&tbnw=78&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstyrene%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Did%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://lclane.net/pics/phenol.png&imgrefurl=http://lclane.net/text/phenol.html&usg=__wNxkfa8eMIUqvx73-0lLfIeYJjk=&h=146&w=200&sz=6&hl=id&start=16&um=1&tbnid=-JeFuDQPjG_ETM:&tbnh=76&tbnw=104&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dphenol%26hl%3Did%26um%3D1http://images.google.co.id/imgres?imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Toluene.svg/400px-Toluene.svg.png&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toluene.svg&usg=__6sXqWrokpOw8XR9jAqImPHlEkeQ=&h=600&w=400&sz=12&hl=id&start=1&um=1&tbnid=VyAtagXpTBkyuM:&tbnh=135&tbnw=90&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dtoluene%26hl%3Did%26um%3D17/24/2019 3 Unsaturated HC Alkena
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C0H0rou i% &no9n a% ,en'l*;enil
T,e name ,en'l i% u%e+ to name comoun+% t,atcannot ea%il' -e name+ a% -enene +eri;ati;e%4
E:amle #
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Namin #
Di%u-%titue+ Benene%
+ames monosubstitued benzene
@cept dimethylbenzene ha;e specialname ylene.
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Ortho, meta, and parasubstitution
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Ketentuan
Ortho / para : Meta :(dari yang paling kuat) (dari yang paling kuat)
NH2 NO2
OR NOH !O"H
OOR HO
R OR# OOH
OOR
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Namin #
"ol'%u-%titue+ Benene%
2hen there are more than t,osubstituents on a benzene ring/ thecarbon atoms in the ring arenumbered starting at one of thesubstituted groups.
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"ol'c'clic Aromatic Comoun+%
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C,emical "roertie%
"alogenation 7chlorinationBbromination9
+itration
Alkylation 7idation of side chain