TABLE OF CONTENTS

Contents Page No.

Declaration i

Certificate ii

Acknowledgment iii

Abstract iv

List of Figures v

Chapter 1 – Introduction 1-14

1.1- History of Telecommunication 1

1.2- Long Term Evaluation 6

1.3- Tower Placement 13

Chapter 2- Literature Survey 15-23

Chapter 3- Problem Formulation 24-26

3.1- Need For Optimization 25

3.2- Problem Formulation 25

Chapter 4- Proposed Work 27-43

4.1- Objective 27

4.2- Methodology 28

4.3- Node Placement Problem 30

4.4- Relay Based Network Architecture 30

4.5- Types Of Relays 31

4.6- Improvement in Cellular Network Due to Relays 33

4.7- Optimal Relay placement for Coverage Extension 33

4.8- Capacity Improvement with Relays 34

4.9- Algorithm and Approach 36

4.10- Algorithm Steps 41

Chapter 5– Results and Analysis 44-52

5.1- MATLAB 44

5.2- Applications 44

5.3- Summary 52

Chapter 6- Conclusion 53

Chapter 7- Future Scope 54

References 55-59

Appendix A: Coding 60-65

Appendix B: Paper Published 66