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3-1 Mendel’s Work
Pages 86 - 91
Early Principles of Inheritance
heredity p 86
•The passing of traits from parents to offspring
heredity
genetics p 86
•The scientific study of heredity
genetics
Gregor Mendel
• Born: July 20, 1822 • Died: January 6, 1884 (aged 61)• Born: Austria-Hungary (now part of Czech
Republic)• Fields: Genetics• Institutions:Abbey of St. Thomas in Brno• Alma mater: University of Vienna• Known for: Discovering genetics• Religious stance: Roman Catholic
Gregor Mendel
• (July 20, 1822 – January 6, 1884) was an Augustinian priest and scientist, and is often called the father of genetics for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants.
Gregor MendelMendel showed that the inheritance of traits follows particular laws, which were later named after him. The significance of Mendel's work was not recognized until the turn of the 20th century (1900). Its rediscovery prompted the foundation of the discipline of genetics.
Gregor Mendel
Mendel’s Peas
Mendel’s Peas
Mendel’s Experiments
trait p 86•A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through its genes
trait
trait
Mendel: some genes are dominant
link
The seven traits that Mendel studied in the peas were:
Cross Pollination
purebred p 87
• An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent
purebred
BB BB BB BB
purebred
B B
B BB BB
B BB BB
Offspring: 100% Black
purebred
BB BB BB BB
Purebred Cross
filial•means “son” in Latin•F1 generation
children
•F2 generation grandchildren
F1 Generation
F1 Generation
F2 Generation
Dominant and Recessive Alleles
gene p 89
•A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
gene
allele p 89
•The different forms of a gene
allele
allele
Principle of Dominance
dominant allele p 89
•An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
dominant allele
Principle of Segregation
recessive allele p 89
•An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
recessive allele
recessive allele
Principle of Independent Assortment
hybrid p 90
• An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
hybrid
Dd x Dd
link
Mendel’s Law of Genetic Inheritance
link
