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The use of GNSS for mapping applicationsProf. Yaron Felus, Survey of Israel
29th December 2014 - Tel Aviv
EGNIS WorkshopISERD the Israel – Europe R&D Directorate
THINK + DO + MOVE + REACH THROUGH EGNOS & GALILEO
THINK + DO + MOVE + REACH THROUGH EGNOS & GALILEO
Content of presentation
About the Survey of Israel
Mapping, Cadastre , Geodetic applications
Survey regulations (requirements for Geodetic
control)
Mapping techniques with GNSS
PolicyLicensing SurveyorsSurvey Regulations
Mapping &GIS
Geodesy
Cadastre
The Survey of Israel is governmental agency for Mapping, Geodesy, Cadastre and Geoinformatics
ResearchProfessional lead
Survey of Israel
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The Israeli Cadastre• The cadastral system in Israel is a register of properties
following the Torrence principles. • The state guarantees the title (property location, delimitation
and ownership).• The Survey of Israel is responsible the correctness of the
property plan. The Register at the Ministry of Legal Affairs is responsible for ownership registration.
• Coordinate Based Cadastre (CBC)• Evidence for property location will be
coordinates stored in the Israeli National Cadastral Database.
• Coordinates will be determined using Israeli Network of GPS permanent stations with an accuracy of 5 cm
Survey of Israel
The Cities of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut established in 1985
The Cities of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut established in 1985
The Cities of Modi'in-Maccabim-Re'ut established in 1985
The Survey of Israel is responsible for the Geodetic Infrastructure of Israel, including the
• Horizontal Control - a network of 22 continuously operating reference stations
• Vertical control – a network of Benchmarks surveyed with high accuracy and a geoid undulation model
Geodesy – measurement and representation of the Earth
9
Accurate geodetic network is the foundation for every construction project
Surveying regulation Hierarchy of geodetic control
Survey of Israel
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G
G0(Hor = 3mm,
Ver=5mm)
G1(Hor = 6mm,
Ver=10mm)
G2(Hor = 15mm,
Ver=20mm)
S
S015 mm))
S1(25mm)
S2(35mm)
S3(50mm)
Primary Level - 3D network
Secondary Level
H
H1-H22*√L - 3*√L
H310*√L
H4-H620*√L - 60*√L
Horizontal control Vertical control
Hierarchy of geodetic control
Survey of Israel
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Class Control typeNumber of
points in the network
Horizontal accuracy
CEP 95 (mm)
Vertical accuracy(ellipsoidal height)
LEP 95 (mm)
G0 National CORS, Primary geodetic control 21 3 5
G1 Secondary geodetic control 150 6 10G2 Tertiary geodetic control 1500 15 20
Class Control type Surveying method
Horizontal accuracy
CEP 95 (mm)
Vertical accuracy(ellipsoidal height)
LEP 95 (mm)S0 Private CORS GNSS 15 20
S1 - GNSS 25 60
S2 - GNSS or using a total station 35 None
S3 Not for boundary points determination
GNSS or using a total station 50 None
Primary Levels - 3D
Secondary Levels - Horizontal
Survey of Israel
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Class Surveying method Leveling loop length Maximum closureerror (mm)
H1 Geometric or trigonometric leveling
NA 2*√L
H2 60 3*√L
Class Surveying method
Leveling GNSSEllipsoidal
height accuracyLEP 95(mm)
Leveling segment
length [km]Leveling loop
length [km]Maximum
closureerror (mm)
H3 Geometric or trigonometric leveling 2 24 10*√L NA
H4 Geometric or trigonometric leveling
or using GNSS technology
2 10 20*√L 10H5
2 5 30*√L 20H6
1 4 60*√L 40
Hierarchy of geodetic control
Primary Vertical level
Secondary Vertical level
• Since 1991 the Survey of Israel maps the entire country using 1:40000 aerial photography and field surveys.
• The National Topographic Database includes Building, Transportation, Street names,Land Cover, Hydrology, Elevation, and many more layers
Mapping and Geographic Information
Survey of Israel
Geodesy
Cadastre
Mapping layers
Governmental layers
Municipal and Public layers
Basi
c da
ta la
yers
fr
om S
OI
Israeli Spatial Data Infrastructure
Survey of Israel
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Horizontal Accuracy levels for mapping Accuracy level RMSE in Easting or
Northing (m)CEP 95 (m) Largest scale
1 0.01 0.03 1:502 0.03 0.06 1:1003 0.06 0.15 1:2504 0.13 0.30 1:5005 0.25 0.60 1:1,0006 0.30 0.75 1:1,2507 0.63 1.50 1:2,5008 1.25 3.00 1:5,0009 2.50 6.00 1:10,000
10 6.25 15.00 1:25,00011 12.50 30.00 1:50,000
Surveying regulationMapping accuracies
Survey of Israel
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Vertical Accuracy levels for mapping
Accuracy level Spot height Elevation at well-defined point
Contour line interval (m)
RMSE (m) LEP95 (m) RMSE (m) LEP95 (m)
1 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.052 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.103 0.05 0.10 0.08 0.15 0.254 0.10 0.20 0.15 0.30 0.505 0.20 0.40 0.30 0.60 1.006 0.25 0.50 0.38 0.75 1.257 0.50 1.00 0.75 1.50 2.508 1.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 5.009 2.00 4.00 3.00 6.00 10.00
10 5.00 10.00 7.50 15.00 25.0011 10.00 20.00 15.00 30.00 50.00
Surveying regulationMapping accuracies
Mobile mapping
Laser scanning
Satellite sensors UAV mapping
Advanced GNSSDigital geodetic leveling
Survey Regulation support new mapping technologies and standards
Survey of Israel
Mobile mapping• These system are using direct geo-referecning method to obtain
locations of mapped features• Multiple mapping sensors (laser-scanners, cameras, ground
penetrating radar…)• Multiple navigation systems (GNSS, IMU, Odometer) provide
proper accuracy
• Occlusions create cycle slips • Multipath further
contaminate the signal.
GPS
Why do you need Inertial measurement unit (IMU)?
CONCLUSIONS AND FURTHER WORK
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• GNSS technologies are essential for surveying, mapping, cadastral and geodetic applications
• From users perspective there is a need to improve these technologies in the following areas:– Improved vertical accuracy– Better support in urban areas to avoid cycle slips (obstruction of
satellites) – Improved methods in urban areas to avoid multi-path– Acquiring of fix-position (< than a centimeter) in faster duration
