29 Aquatic Avifauna- Its Importance for Wetland Conservation in Rajasthan India

8/3/2019 29 Aquatic Avifauna- Its Importance for Wetland Conservation in Rajasthan India

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202 Aquatic Avifauna: Its Importance for Wetland Conservation in Rajasthan, India

Aquatic Avifauna: Its Importance for

Wetland Conservation in Rajasthan, India

Sarita Mehra1, Satya Prakash Mehra2 &Krishan Kumar Sharma3

Biodiversity Research Laboratory,

Department of Zoology, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University,

Ajmer 305009 Rajasthan, India

&

Rajputana Society of Natural History, Kesar Bhawan,

P. No. 90, B/d Saraswati Hosp., Ganeshnagar, Pahada,

Udaipur 313001 Rajasthan, IndiaEmail: 1. [email protected], 2. [email protected],

3. [email protected]

Corresponding Author: Satya Prakash Mehra

Email: [email protected]

Southern Rajasthan holds many water bodies of significance either in

form of lakes, dams and rivers. Many aquatic lives are associated with

these water bodies. Avifauna is one of the most important and eye-catching

organism among them. Approximately 30% of the avifauna of Rajasthan isdependent on wetlands. The paper document the list of birds of the

southern region of Rajasthan which are directly or indirectly dependent on

the wetlands based on the observations and surveys for 9 years (1999 -

2007). The southern part of the state under study comprises of six districts

of Udaipur region (Banswara, Chittorgarh, Dungarpur, Pratapgarh,

Rajsamand and Udaipur) and one district from Jodhpur region (Sirohi).

The aquatic habitats of southern region of state provide base for 105

species representing 26 families of birds. 11 species of global interest are

found in the wetlands of the study area. Among the species of global

interest Spot-billed Pelican, Sarus Crane and Indian Skimmer arecategorized as vulnerable whereas Dalmatian Pelican is conservation

dependent. Darter, Painted Stork, Black-necked Stork, Black-headed Ibis,

Lesser Flamingo, Ferruginous Pochard, Lesser Fish-Eagle and Black-

bellied Tern are categorized as near threatened. Spot-billed Pelican and

Indian Skimmer had not been sighted by the authors in the study period.

Sarus Crane was common in whole of the study area but Banswara,

Dungarpur and Chittorgarh districts had comparatively high numbers of

individuals. Similarly, many aquatic bodies of Banswara and Dungarpur

found to be ideal sites for the other threatened species. Through this work,

the importance of the southern part of the desert state is tried to highlightthrough avifauna. Monitoring of water birds can provide valuable

Sponsored By: Department of Environment, Government of Rajasthan, Jaipur[February 19-20, 2010]
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Proceedings of Conservation of Lakes and Water Resources: Management Strategies 203


information on the status of wetlands and can be a key tool for increasing

the awareness of importance of wetlands and conservation values.

Keywords: wetland, southern Rajasthan, avifauna, sarus crane,

pelican, stork, lesser fish-eagle

INTRODUCTION

Waterbirds play an important role in several spheres of human interest:

culturally, socially, scientifically and as food resource (Pandey 1993,

Manihar and Trisal 2001). They represent important components of our

wetland ecosystems as they form important links in the food web and

nutrient cycles (Chen and Zhang 1998). Many wetland species also play a

role in the control of agricultural pests, whilst some species are themselves

considered as pests of certain crops. After fish, birds are probably the most

important faunal group that attracts people to wetlands. Many waterbirds aremigratory, undertaking annual migrations along different flyways spanning

the length and breadth of the globe between their breeding and non-breeding

grounds (Ali 1959,Alerstam 1990).According to the Ramsar Convention, the waterbirds are broadly

defined as the birds depend on the wetlands for their living, including

what we used to say: ducks and geese, shorebirds and waders and some

other species depending on wetlands, such as kingfishers, raptors and some

passerines. However, only 20 families of birds are included in the Species

List of Ramsar Convention. Except Glareolidae, they are all natatorialbirds, wading birds and shorebirds. In these 20 families, there are at least

404 species occurring in Asia-Pacific region and 243 species of them are

migratory birds (Anon. 2001).

Out of total 510 avian species of state, 155 species comprising

approximately 30% of the total number of birds found in Rajasthan depend

on the wetlands (Ali and Ripley 1968-1999, Grimmett et al.1999). Most are

collectively called waterbirds and include the grebes (Podicipediformes);

pelicans and cormorants (Pelecaniformes); herons, ibis, spoonbills and

bitterns (Ciconiiformes); ducks, geese (Anseriformes); cranes, gallinules(Gruiformes); and waders, guls and terns (Charadriiformes). Species such as

fish-eagles, osprey, harrier not usually called waterbirds, also depend on

wetlands. There are also some waterbirds which have virtually lost any

association with wetlands (plovers, pratincoles) (Ali and Ripley 1968-1999,

Grimmett et al.1999).

Alike all over the world aquatic birds attracted the attention of

ornithologists, specialists on hunting management and hunters from the very

past time in the princely state of Rajasthan (Adam 1873, Barnes 1891, Oates

1899, Messurier 1904, Impey 1909, Whistler 1938, Prakash 1960, Kushlan


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1986). Keoladeo is a well known man-made wetland from the State. It was

estimated that roughly 40118.4 sq. km is under 872 wetlands in India

(Anon. 1990). The State of Rajasthan is one of the driest state of the country

and the total surface water resources in the State is only about 1% of the

total surface water resources of the country. Nevertheless there arethousands of temporary freshwater and salt aquatic bodies in the region,

varying enormously in size. 52 wetlands, including three natural, have been

identified in state which expands in approx. 34% of the geographic area of

state (Anon. 1990). The rivers of the state are rainfed and identified by 14

major basins divided into 59 subbasins (Rajasthan Irrigation Department

2007). There are many wetlands in the state which are well recognized. The

different origin and ecological peculiarities of wetlands make up the

typology of wetlands which are the main habitats of aquatic birds. The

surface water play major role in providing the ground to aquatic birds along

with its characteristics with respect to the food availability and protection.

The surface water resources in Rajasthan are mainly confined to south and

southeastern part of the State. The paper deals with the southern part of the

state with respect to the avifauna.

Study Area

The southern part of the State under study comprises of six districts of

Udaipur region and one district from Jodhpur region constituting 12.3% part

of total geographic area of the state. The area under investigation holds man-

made water bodies of large size (> 1000 ha), medium size (500 - 999 ha)and small size (100 - 499 ha) along with several less known lakes and dams

useful for the biodiversity.

Methodology

The water birds of the study area were documented from 1999 to 2008

in winter and summer. Periodical studies were made to know the status and

distribution of the water birds at the respective sites (Javed & Kaul 2002).

During the winter seasons, the frequency of visits was weekly whereas for

other season the visits were monthly or bimonthly depending on the wateravailability in the aquatic bodies.

Waterbirds were identified with the help of field guides Grimmett et al.

(1999), Kazmierczak (2000) and Grimmett et al. (2004). The scientific

names and classification were used as according to Manakadan and Pittie

(2001).

Results

In total, 304 bird species were recorded out of these 111 species are

directly or indirectly dependent on the wetlands (Table 1). They represent

26 families of the birds excluding Rynchopidae (Indian Skimmer is the only


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representative species of Rynchopidae which was not sighted in any part of

the study area during the time of studies). Four species, viz. Spot-billed

Pelican Pelecanus philippensis from Udaipur Lake Complex (R. Tehsin,

pers. comm. 2001), Falcated Duck Anas falcata from waterbodies of

Dungarpur (in litt.), Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax rusticola and IndianSkimmer Rynchops albicollis from Mount Abu (Butler 1875-1877,

Shivrajkumar 1949) showed their existence in the past and were not

recorded during the study period whereas Yellow-legged Gull Larus

cachinnans was doubtful sighting (from West Banas, December 2005 by the

authors) and need further authentic confirmation before getting enlisted in

the checklist of the study area. 12 species in the threatened category

(BirdLife international 2001) showed their presence in the wetlands of the

study area. Nine sites were already identified as Important Bird Areas (Islam

and Rahmani 2004).

Wetlands were the first major ecosystem to be protected by an

international treaty to stop the decline of waterfowl populations which was

then linked to habitat loss (Amezaga et al. 2002). The number of waterbirds

using a particular habitat is related to types and quality of habitats,

abundance and availability of food, and level of disturbance (Mukherjee

1969 - 1976, Krishnan 1978, Pandit 1982, Gopakumar 1990, Green 1996,

Hafner 1997). Anatomical adaptations, bill and leg shape of the waterbirds

ensure that a wide variety of different food types are accessible in wetlands

(Perrins 1990). Monitoring of waterbirds can provide valuable informationon the status of wetlands (Custeret al. 1991, Kushlan 1993), and can be a

key tool for increasing the awareness of importance of wetlands and

conservation values. There is growing concern of the need to conserve

waterbirds and wetlands and recognition that birds can serve as indicators of

the health of our surroundings (Anon 2001).

Recommendations

Conservation through Community Participation: There is always a

conflict between protection of habitats and human involvement.

Uncontrolled urbanization has forced both wetland habitats and biodiversityin a situation that both are struggling for their existence. There is need to

bring the concept of conserving these habitats as well as biodiversity.

Community based nature conservation that is coming up very successful in

many parts of the globe could be used in the region.

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Soc. 40: 213-235.

Table 1: Annotated Checklist of Wetland Dependent Avifauna in

Southern Rajasthan

SrNo SpeciesCommon, Scientific Name Comments (describes status in southern

Rajasthan and places of sighting, i.e.,

distribution)

Grebes Podicipedidae

1 Little Grebe Tachybaptus ruficollis

(Pallas, 1764)

Common, resident; sighting from all the

large/medium wetlands

2 Great Crested Grebe Podiceps

cristatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rare, winter migratory, sighted only at

Baghdarra (31/12/ 2006)

Pelicans Pelecanidae

3 Great White Pelican Pelecanus

onocrotalus Linnaeus, 1758

Common, winter migratory; sighted in all the

parts but restricted to few wetlands (West

Banas, Ora, Udaisagar, Vallabhnagar, etc.)

? Spot-billed Pelican VU #Pelecanus

philippensis Gmelin, 1789

Rare, winter migratory; sighted in Udaipur

Lake Complex before 1996 (R. Tehsin, pers.

comm., 2001)

4 Dalmatian Pelican CD #Pelecanus

crispus Bruch, 1832

Common winter migratory; as like other

pelican species

Cormorants/Shags Phalacrocoracidae

5 Little Cormorant Phalacrocorax

niger(Vieillot, 1817)

Common, local movement; sighted in every

aquatic body where water remains throughout

the year

6 Indian Cormorant or Indian Shag

Phalacrocorax fuscicollis Stephens,

1826

Not so common, local movement; restricted to

few aquatic water bodies of Banswara, Sirohi

and Udaipur

7 Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax

carbo (Linnaeus, 1758)

Common, resident; sighted in every aquatic

body where water remains throughout the year

Darters Anhingidae

8 Darter NT #Anhinga melanogaster

Pennant, 1769

Not so common, local movement; restricted to

few aquatic water bodies of Banswara and

Dungarpur

Herons, Egrets & Bitterns Ardeidae

9 Little EgretEgretta garzetta

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Very common, resident; sighted everywhere

10 Grey HeronArdea cinerea

Linnaeus, 1758

Common, local movement; sighted

everywhere11 Purple HeronArdea purpurea

Linnaeus, 1766

Not so common, local movement; sighted

everywhere

12 Large Egret Casmerodius albus

(Linnaeus, 1758)


13 Median EgretMesophoyx

intermedia (Wagler, 1829)


14 Cattle EgretBubulcus ibis

(Linnaeus, 1758)


15 Indian Pond-HeronArdeola grayii

(Sykes, 1832)


16 Little Green HeronButoridesstriatus (Linnaeus, 1758)

Not so common, ?; sighted at Udaipur andDungarpur


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17 Black-crowned Night-Heron

Nycticorax nycticorax (Linnaeus,

1758)


everywhere

Storks Ciconiidae

18 Painted Stork NT #Mycteria

leucocephala (Pennant, 1769)

Common, resident; sighted everywhere but

breeding was restricted to few wetlands ofBanswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur

19 Asian Openbill-Stork#Anastomus

oscitans (Boddaert, 1783)


breeding was restricted to few wetlands of

Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur

20 Black StorkCiconia nigra

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Rare, winter migratory, sighted only at West

Banas (19/01/ 2008)

21 Woolly-necked Stork or White-

necked StorkCiconia episcopus(Boddaert, 1783)


breeding was restricted to few wetlands of

Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur

22 Black-necked Stork NT

Ephippiorhynchus asiaticus

(Latham, 1790)


everywhere but limited to few water bodies in

every district

Ibises & Spoonbills Threskiornithidae

23 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus

(Linnaeus, 1766)

Not so common, local movement; sighted at

the marshy areas of Banswara, Dungarpur,

Sirohi and Udaipur

24 Black-headed Ibis or Oriental White

Ibis NT #Threskiornis

melanocephalus (Latham, 1790)


limited to few water bodies in every district

25 Black Ibis #Pseudibis papillosa

(Temminck, 1824)


limited to few water bodies in every district

26 Eurasian Spoonbill Platalea

leucorodia Linnaeus, 1758


breeding was restricted to few water bodies inBanswara and Dungarpur

Flamingos Phoenicopteridae

27 Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus

ruberLinnaeus, 1758

Common, summer visitor; sighted at few

aquatic bodies of every district

28 Lesser Flamingo NT

#Phoenicopterus minor(Geoffroy,

1798)

Rare, summer visitor; sighted at Dungarpur,

Sirohi and Udaipur

Swans, Geese & Ducks Anatidae

29 Lesser Whistling-Duck

Dendrocygna javanica (Horsfield,

1821)


breeding records were restricted from few

wetlands of Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur30 Greylag GooseAnser anser

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Common, winter migratory; sighting was

restricted to few wetlands of Banswara,

Chittorgarh and Dungarpur

31 Bar-headed GooseAnser indicus(Latham, 1790)


restricted to few wetlands of Banswara,

Chittorgarh, Dungarpur and Sirohi

32 Ruddy Shelduck or Brahminy

ShelduckTadorna ferruginea(Pallas, 1764)

Common, winter migratory; sighted

everywhere but large congregation were

sighted in wetlands of Dungarpur (Nov. 2006)

33 Comb DuckSarkidiornis melanotos

(Pennant, 1769)


everywhere but limited to few shallow waterbodies (rich in vegetation) in every district


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34 Cotton Pygmy Goose or Cotton

TealNettapus coromandelianus(Gmelin, 1789)


everywhere in major wetlands of every district

35 GadwallAnas strepera Linnaeus,

1758

Common, winter migratory; sighted at few

medium/small aquatic bodies of every district

? Falcated DuckAnas falcata Georgi,1775 ?, ?; presence was documented in literature inDungarpur

36 Eurasian WigeonAnas penelopeLinnaeus, 1758

Common, winter migratory; sighted at few

medium/small/large aquatic bodies of every

district but large congregations was recorded

from Banswara (Dec. 2006)

37 MallardAnas platyrhynchosLinnaeus, 1758

Not so common, winter migratory; sighting

was restricted to few wetlands of Banswara,

Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur

38 Spot-billed DuckAnas

poecilorhyncha J.R. Forester, 1781


breeding records were only from few wetlands

of Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur

39 Northern ShovellerAnas clypeata

Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere

40 Northern PintailAnas acuta

Linnaeus, 1758


restricted to few wetlands of every district

41 GarganeyAnas querquedula

Linnaeus, 1758

Not so common, winter migratory; sighted

only in Banswara & Mt Abu (21/03/08)

42 Common TealAnas crecca

Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere

43 Red-crested PochardRhodonessa

rufina (Pallas, 1773)


only in Dungarpur

44 Common PochardAythya ferina

(Linnaeus, 1758)


everywhere but large congregation wasrecorded from Banswara (Dec 2006)

45 Ferruginous Pochard NT #Aythya

nyroca (Guldenstadt, 1770)

Common, winter migratory; recorded only

from the wetlands of Banswara, Dungarpur

and Udaipur

46 Tufted Duck or Tufted Pochard

Aythya fuligula (Linnaeus, 1758)

Not so common,winter migratory; recorded

largely from wetlands of Banswara & West

Banas (Sirohi)

Hawks, Eagles, Buzzards, Old World Vultures,Kites, Harriers Accipitridae

47 Brahminy KiteHaliastur indus

(Boddaert, 1783)

Not so common, local movement; sighting was

irregular but recorded from all the districts of

study area48 Lesser Fish-Eagle or Lesser Grey-

headed Fish-Eagle NT

#Ichthyophaga humilis (S. Muller &

Schlegel, 1841)

Rare, ?; recorded only from the wetland of

Sitamata Wildlife Sanctuary (Chittorgarh)

49 Eurasian Marsh Harrier or Western

Marsh-HarrierCircus aeruginosus

(Linnaeus, 1758)


everywhere

50 Steppe EagleAquila nipalensis

Hodgson, 1833


only in Rajsamand and Sirohi

Osprey Pandionidae

51 Osprey Pandion haliaetus(Linnaeus, 1758)

Common, winter migratory; sightedeverywhere on the large/medium sized


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reservoirs

Falcons Falconidae

52 Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus

Tunstall, 1771

Rare, ?; sighted only in Sirohi (West Banas)

and Udaipur (Udaipur Lake Complex)

Cranes Gruidae

53 Sarus Crane VU #Grus antigone(Linnaeus, 1758) Common, resident; sighted everywhere

54 Demoiselle Crane Grus virgo

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Not so common, winter migratory; sighted in

Sirohi only but passage migratory to other

parts

55 Common Crane Grus grus

(Linnaeus, 1758)


Chittorgarh only (31/01/07) and Sirohi

Crakes, Moorhens, Coots Rallidae

56 Brown CrakeAmaurornis akool(Sykes, 1832)

Not so common, local movement; sighted in

Dungarpur and Sirohi

57 White-breasted Waterhen

Amaurornis phoenicurus (Pennant,1769)


depending on the water availability

58 Purple Swamphen and Purple

Moorhen Porphyrio porphyrio

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Common, resident; sighted everywhere

depending on the availability of water and

aquatic vegetation

59 Common Moorhen Gallinula

chloropus (Linnaeus, 1758)



aquatic vegetation

60 Common Coot Fulica atraLinnaeus, 1758


everywhere

Jacanas Jacanidae

61 Pheasant-tailed Jacana

Hydrophasianus chirurgus (Scopoli,

1786)


depending on the availability of aquatic

vegetation

62 Bronze-winged JacanaMetopidius

indicus (Latham, 1790)



aquatic vegetation

Plovers, Lapwings Charadriidae

63 Little Ringed PloverCharadrius

dubius Scopoli, 1786


everywhere

64 Kentish PloverCharadrius

alexandrinus Linnaeus, 1758

Not so common, winter migratory; recorded

from Banswara, Dungarpur, Sirohi and

Udaipur

65 Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellusindicus (Boddaert, 1783)


66 White-tailed Lapwing Vanellus

leucurus (Lichtenstein, 1823)


from Banswara (Talwara), Sirohi (West

Banas, Ora, Kalakaji) and Udaipur (Pichola)

Sandpipers, Stints, Snipes, Godwits & Curlews Scolopacidae

? Eurasian WoodcockScolopax

rusticola Linnaeus, 1758

?, ?; past record from Mount Abu

67 Pintail Snipe Gallinago stenura

(Bonaparte, 1830)


from Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur

68 Common Snipe Gallinago gallinago

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Common, winter migratory; recorded

everywhere but restricted to few wetlands69 Jack SnipeLymnocryptes minimus Not so common, winter migratory; recorded


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(Brnnich, 1764) from Sirohi (Ora, West Banas) and Udaipur

(Udaisagar)

70 Black-tailed GodwitLimosa limosa

(Linnaeus, 1758)


everywhere but restricted to few wetlands

71 Bar-tailed GodwitLimosa

lapponica (Linnaeus, 1758)


from Chittorgarh, Sirohi and Udaipur72 Eurasian CurlewNumenius arquata

(Linnaeus, 1758)

Rare, ?; recorded from Sirohi (West Banas,

Nov 2006)

73 Spotted RedshankTringa

erythropus (Pallas, 1764)



74 Common RedshankTringa totanus

(Linnaeus, 1758)



75 Marsh Sandpiper (395) Tringa

stagnatilis (Bechstein, 1803)

Common, winter migratory; recorded from

Sirohi (Ora, West Banas, Kalkaji, Kadambari)

76 Common GreenshankTringa

nebularia (Gunner, 1767)


from Dungarpur, Rajsamand, Sirohi and

Udaipur

77 Green SandpiperTringa ochropus

Linnaeus, 1758


from Sirohi and Udaipur

78 Wood SandpiperTringa glareola

Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere

79 Common SandpiperActitis

hypoleucos Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere

80 Little Stint Calidris minuta (Leisler,

1812)


everywhere but restricted to certain wetlands

81 Temmincks Stint Calidris

temminckii (Leisler, 1812)


from Sirohi (Ora, West Banas) and Udaipur

82 Ruff (426) Philomachus pugnax

(Linnaeus, 1758)


everywhere but restricted to certain wetlands

Ibisbill, Avocets & Stilts Recurvirostridae

83 Black-winged StiltHimantopus

himantopus (Linnaeus, 1758)


84 Pied AvocetRecurvirostra avosettaLinnaeus, 1758


from Sirohi (Ora, West Banas) and Udaipur

(Udaipur Lake Complex, Udaisagar)

Stone-Curlew & Stone-Plovers/Thick-knees Burhinidae

85 Great Thick-Knee or Great Stone-

PloverEsacus recurvirostris

(Cuvier, 1829)


Coursers & Pratincoles Glareolidae

86 Small Pratincole Glareola lacteaTemminck, 1820

Not so common, local movement; recorded

from Dungarpur, Sirohi and Udaipur

Gulls, Terns & Noddies Laridae

? Yellow-legged GullLarus

cachinnans Pallas, 1811

?, ?; recorded from West Banas (Sirohi, Dec

2005), need authentic confirmation

87 Brown-headed GullLarus

brunnicephalus Jerdon, 1840


everywhere but limited to few wetlands, could

be sighted best at West Banas (Sirohi)

88 Black-headed GullLarus

ridibundus Linnaeus, 1766


everywhere but limited to few wetlands, could

be sighted best at West Banas (Sirohi)89 Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon Not so common, passage winter migratory;


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nilotica (Gmelin, 1789) recorded from Sirohi (Kalkaji) and Udaipur

(Udaisagar)

90 River Tern Sterna aurantia J.E.

Gray, 1831


91 Black-bellied Tern NT #Sterna

acuticauda J.E. Gray, 1831

Not so common, ?; recorded from Chittorgarh

(Barwai) and Sirohi (West Banas)92 Whiskered Tern Chlidonias

hybridus (Pallas, 1811)

Not so common, ?; recorded from Udaipur

Lake Complex (Udaipur)

? Skimmers Rynchopidae

? Indian Skimmer VU #Rynchops

albicollis Swainson, 1838

?, ?; past record from Mount Abu

Kingfishers Alcedinidae

93 Common Kingfisher or Small Blue

KingfisherAlcedo atthis (Linnaeus,

1758)


94 Oriental Dwarf KingfisherCeyx

erithaca (Linnaeus, 1758)

Rare, ?; recorded from Panarwa forests by R.

Tehsin (Udaipur)

95 Stork-billed KingfisherHalcyon

capensis (Linnaeus, 1766)

Not so common, resident; recorded from

Banswara and Chittorgarh

96 White-throated Kingfisher or

White-breasted KingfisherHalcyon

smyrnensis (Linnaeus, 1758)


97 Pied Kingfisher or Lesser Pied

KingfisherCeryle rudis (Linnaeus,

1758)


Swallows & Martins

Hirundinidae

98 Streak-throated SwallowHirundo

fluvicola Blyth, 1855

Common, resident; sighted in the wetlands of

every district having structures/ bridges/ other

structures etc. nearby

Wagtails & Pipits Motacillidae

99 White WagtailMotacilla alba

Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere

100 White-browed Wagtail or Large

Pied WagtailMotacilla

maderaspatensis Gmelin, 1789


everywhere

101 Citrine WagtailMotacilla citreola

Pallas, 1776


everywhere

102 Yellow WagtailMotacilla flava

Linnaeus, 1758


everywhere103 Grey WagtailMotacilla cinerea

Tunstall, 1771


everywhere

Goldcrest, Prinias, Tesias, Warblers Sylviinae

104 Clamorous Reed Warbler or Indian

Great Reed-WarblerAcrocephalus

stentoreus (Hemprich & Ehrenberg,

1833)


the wetlands of Banswara, Dungarpur, Sirohi

and Udaipur

Starlings & Mynas Sturnidae

105 Asian Pied Starling Sturnus contra

Linnaeus, 1758


106 Bank Myna Acridotheresginginianus (Latham, 1790)



13/13



Symbols Description

# When preceding English name, denotes a species endemic to India.

CD Conservation Dependent (BirdLife International 2001).CR Critical (BirdLife International 2001).

DD Data Defficient (BirdLife International 2001).

EN Endangered (BirdLife International 2001).

NT Near Threatened (BirdLife International 2001).

VU Vulnerable (BirdLife International 2001).

# When preceding Scientific name, denotes a globally threatened or near-

threatened species

Documents

29 Aquatic Avifauna- Its Importance for Wetland Conservation in Rajasthan India