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Revolutions and Nationalism

World History, March 2013

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1830 More Revolutions

France overthrow one kin (Charles X), replacewith Louis-Philippe supported by upper-MC

bourgeoisie

Belgium revolution independence from

Dutch Republic

Independence movement in Poland crushed by

Russia

Austria stop Italian independenceWhen France sneezes, Europe gets a cold

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1848 Year of Revolutions

France (again)Overthrow monarchy

The Second Republic (no

monarchy, all elected leaders)

Constitution, universal male

suffrage, 4-year President

Charles Louis Napoleon

Bonaparte (Louis-Napoleon)nephew of N.B. elected

(Later calls himself Emperor

Napoleon III)

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Revolution Surges Through Europe

1848 Revolution in Paris set off revolutions

around Europe

Grievances had been piling up

Middle-class liberals wanted greater politicalrights

Workers demanded relief from miseries of

Industrial RevolutionNationalists wanted independence from foreign

rule

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Austrian Empire

Nationalist movements want

independence

Demonstrations in major cities

Gave Hungary its own legislature

Czechs want independence

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Revolts in Italian States

Nine states, divided among European

powers

Revolts, rapidly crushed by Austria, etc.

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Revolts in Italian States

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Giuseppe Mazzini (1805-1872)

Journalist andPolitician

Revolutionary

democrat

Republican

The Beating Heart of

Italy

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Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882)

Republican

Revolutionary

Military leaderRed Shirt Army

Guerilla fighter

1861 unifies Italyunder King Victor

Emmanuel II

QuickTime and a

TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressorare needed to see this picture.

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Napoleon III, Emperor of France

Re-emerging French

Empire

Sounded democratic

Believed in personalrule and a centralized

state

Attempted to seize

portions of Italy

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Map_21.03.jpg

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Unification of Germany, 1864-1871

Otto von Bismarck (1815-

1898)Junker Prussian Nobility

Brilliant diplomat

Realpolitik politics of

reality, not ethics

Blood and iron

The Iron Chancellor (Prime

Minister)

1862-1866 fought wars to

unify German territory

under Prussian control

Fought Austria 1866

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Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71France worried about growing Prussian

power

Declare war 1870

Entire French army and Napoleon III captured

Paris surrenders 28 JAN 1871

18 JAN 1871: Second German Empire (Reich)

declared in the Palace of Versailles, Hall of

Mirrors

King Wilhelm I of Prussia crowned KAISERWilhelm I of the new SECOND REICH

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Britain No Revolutions! How?1832 Parliament extends

voting rights - more membersof the industrial middle class

Keeps British bourgeoisie

connected and with a sense of

shared powerSocial and political reforms

Industrializationprosperity

rising wages and standard of

living for all

Queen Victoria reigned

1837-1901 symbol of British

pride