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#279 Cannabis For Symptom Control
By: Kelsey Jungels
What is Marijuana?
Dry, shredded mix of leaves, flowers, stems, and seeds, usually from Cannabis sativa or Cannabis indica plant
Both are common subspecies of the hemp plant, which is common throughout the world
Contains over 400 chemical compounds
Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit drug in the U.S.
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana
How is Marijuana used?
SmokedUsing a pipe, bowl, or cigaretteThe effects are rapid
Vaporized Inhaled through a machine that converts active
compounds to an inhalable formThe effects are rapid
Eaten/DrankConsumed through baked goods, candies, drinksThe effects are delayed because it takes time to reach
the brain.
Marijuana’s Immediate Effects
Altered Mood Reduced Anxiety
Cognitive Impairment Sedation/Drowsiness
Altered Perception Sensory Intensification
Impaired coordination/balance Increased heart rate
Hunger Hallucinations (in large doses)
• Effects can vary by strains - Sativa: More euphoria, stress relief- Indica: Relaxation, physical (especially pain) relief- Sativa and Indica often combined, leading to
variable effects
- http://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/marijuana/effects-on-body
The use of of cannabis (marijuana) for medical purposes has become
legalized in 23 U.S. states and Canada.
http://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/marijuana/effects-on-body
Diseases/Conditions Cannabis can provide benefits for:
AIDS/HIV
Alzheimer’s Disease
Arthritis
Asthma/breathing disorders
Cancer/Nausea
Crohn’s
Disease/gastrointestinal disorders
Epilepsy/seizures
Glaucoma
Hepatitis C
Migraines
Multiple
Sclerosis/muscle spasms
Pain
Psychological conditions
Tourette Syndrome
Terminally ill
Side Effects/Risks
Cannabis use can cause:Xerostomia (dry mouth)PalpitationsFlushingNauseaConfusionAnxietyDysphoria (state of unease or dissatisfaction)Acute toxic psychosisRaises the risk of a motor vehicle accident
Marijuana Medical Research Evidence:
Reduces nauseaProvides pain reliefControls muscle pain and spasmsStimulates appetiteReduces tics Reduces convulsions
Types of Medicinal Marijuana:
Botanical Cannabis (plant): “Medical Marijuana”
Synthetic THC medications available for appetite/nausea that is available in the U.S.:Dronabinol (FDAa approved for HIV)Nabilone (FDA approved for cancer)
http://www.medicalmarijuanastrains.com/strain-guide/
Medical Marijuana Is Not FDA Approved:
FDA approval assures that medications are effective, safe, and properly labeled
It is impossible for the FDA to evaluate medical marijuana as a drug since it is a plant, not a manufactured pharmaceutical drug.
Depending on the specific marijuana plant and where it is grown, it can have different concentrations of THC or other key chemical components .
Difficult to know if the medical marijunana is pure. It can possibly be contaminated with pesticides, fungus, or mold.
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm421163.htm
THC Medications are regulated by the FDA:
Can medical marijuana be a better alternative?THC and marijuana both have psychoactive effects
that make you “high”Marijuana can be preferable to THC medications
because there are chemicals in marijuana that moderate THC’s psychoactive effects that are not present in THC medications.
Medical Marijuana is cheaper
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm421163.htm
There Are Limited Scientific Studies
There are fewer than 20 randomized controlled clinical trials of marijuana that is smoked Low numbers of participants Does not provide the evidence that is needed for a
pharmaceutical to be marketed in the U.S.
Federal Restrictions of Research
Schedule I Controlled SubstanceHigh potential for abuse and a potential gateway
drug No accepted medical use in treatmentUse and possession is considered a federal offense
http://norml.org/component/zoo/category/recent-research-on-medical-marijuana
NIH Regulated Clinical Trials
A Study to Evaluate the Efficiacy of Sativex in Relieving Symptoms of Spasticity Due to Multiple Sclerosis
Comparing the Effects of Smoked and Oral Marijuana in Individuals With HIV/AIDsDone at the New York State Psychiatric Institute in
the U.S.
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01599234
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00079560
Resources
http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana
http://www.healthline.com/health/addiction/marijuana/effects-on-body
http://www.medicalmarijuanastrains.com/strain-guide/
http://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm421163.htm
http://norml.org/component/zoo/category/recent-research-on-medical-marijuana
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01599234
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00079560