2761 Computer-Introduction 1

8/22/2019 2761 Computer-Introduction 1

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Session - 1

Basics Of Computers


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8/3/2013 Introduction to Computers 2

A Desktop Machine


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A Computer System

Hardware

Software

User

Hardware

Software

User


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A Computer System (Contd.)

In general, a computer is a machine which

accepts data, processes it and returns new

information as output.

Data Information

Processing


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Software

Software is set of programs (which are step bystep instructions) telling the computer how toprocess data.

Software needs to be installed on a computer,usually from a CD.

Softwares can be divided into two groups:

- System SW- Application SW


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Software (Contd.)

System Software

It controls the overall operation of the system.

It is stored in the computer's memory and

instructs the computer to load, store, and

execute an application.

Examples: Operating System (OS), Translators

DOS, Windows, Unix etc.


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Software (Contd..)

Application Software

They are Softwares written to perform specific

tasks.

The basic types of application software are:

word processing, database, spreadsheet,

desktop publishing, and communication.

Examples: MSOffice, Tally, MSOutlook,

ISBS, MODBANKER BANKSOFT


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Advantages of Using Computers

Speed:Computers can carry out instructions in lessthan a millionth of a second.

Accuracy : Computers can do the calculations withouterrors and very accurately.

Diligence :Computers are capable of performing anytask given to them repetitively.

Storage Capacity :Computers can store largevolume of data and information on magnetic media.


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History of Evolution Of Computers

Two Eras:

Mechanical Era (Before 1945)

Electronic Era (1945 - )

Can be divided into generations.

First Generation (1945 1954)

Second Generation (1955 1964)

Third Generation (1965 1974)

Fourth Generation (1975 - )


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Types of Computers

On the basis of Computing Power & Size:

Laptop / Palmtop

Micro Computer / Desktop

Mini Computer / Mainframe Super Computer


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Language of Computers

Computers only understand the electronicsignals.

Either Current is flowing or not.

Current Flowing : ON

Current Not Flowing : OFF

Binary Language

ON : 1

OFF : 0

Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB


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Computer Network

A Computer Network is interconnection ofComputers to share resources.

Resources can be : Information, Load,Devices etc.


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Types Of Computer Networks

On the basis of Size:

Local Area Network (LAN)

Its a network of the computers locally i.e. in

one room, one building.

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Its a network of the computers spread widely

geographically.


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Benefits of Computer Networks

Information Sharing

Device Sharing

Load Sharing

Mobility

Fast Communication

Anywhere Anytime Banking


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Internet

Internet is a huge network of computer networks.

Internet provides many services:

Email

World Wide Web (www)

Remote Login (Telnet)

File Transfer (FTP)


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End Of Session #1

ANY Queries ??????


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CPU ( Central Processing Unit)

The central processing unit (CPU), also

known as just a "processor, is the "brain"

of your computer.

It contains various electronic circuits.


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VDU (Monitor)

This is the television-like screen where the results

of a computer's tasks are displayed.

Monitors come in all sizes, but most commonlythey are either 15 or 17 inches

(measured diagonally from one corner of the

screen to the opposite corner).


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Keyboard

The keyboard looks like a typewriter.

It contains all the letters of the alphabet,

numbers and some special symbols.

It operates like a typewriter keypad, butinstead of moving an arm, which strikes the

paper, it sends an electronic impulse to thecomputer, which displays a character on themonitor.


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Its a device that is used to control the computer.

A cable connects the mouse to the computer.

When the mouse is moved on a pad, called amouse pad, the cursor on the screen moves.

A cursor is a small symbol displayed on the

computer screen (normally a diagonal arrow thatis used as a pointer) that shows you what the

mouse is referencing on the screen.

Mouse


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Printer

A printer is designed to output information

from a computer onto a piece of paper.

There are three kinds of printers:

dot matrix, laser, and inkjet.


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Scanner

A scanner is a device used to copy an image off

paper and convert it into a digital image, which

can be saved as a computer file and stored on a

hard drive.

Scanners can also use a special kind of

technology called Optical Character Recognition

(OCR) to read text from paper and save it as an

editable document file


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Session # 2

Inside The CPU Cabinet


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A Look Inside.

Floppy

CD


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power

supply

hard

drive

motherboard

A Look Inside ..

CD-ROM

drive

floppydrive

cards


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A Look Inside

Identify all the major components:

Power Supply

Motherboard

Memory Card Slots

Cards (sound, video, network)

CPU, heatsink and fan Drives (floppy, hard and CD-ROM)


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What these components do.

Power Supply (heart) supplies power to all the circuitryand devices.

Motherboard (body) acts as a manager for everything

on the computer connects all the other componentstogether.

CPU Central Processing Unit (brain) this does all the

work of computing.


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What these components do..

RAM Random Access Memory (short-termmemory) holds data and program instructionsthat the computer is currently using.

Hard Drive (long-term memory) holds all of theinformation that needs to be stored betweenuses of the computer.

Floppy and CD-ROM drives (mouth/ears) allowyou to give data to the computer and take dataaway from the computer.

h h d


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What these components do

Card Slots(fingers) Allows other components to

be added to the computer.

Video card (face) Does all of the processing

necessary to get stuff looking nice on screen,

quickly.

Sound card (vocal cords) Allows sounds from

HD or CD-ROM to be played.

Network Card (telephone) allows computer to

talk to other computers over a wire.


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Power Supply

SMPS Switch Mode Power SupplySwitching Transistors

Outputs + 5V, -5V, +12 V, -12 V

Typical Costs are:

ATX Rs.700

Non ATX Rs.300

Usually, SMPS comes with the CPU Cabinet.


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Motherboard


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CPU

Examples: Intel Family Pentium 4, 3, 2, Pentium,

XEON, ItaniumAMD -- Athlon, K62

IBM -- Cyrix

Motorola -- 68000 Series

CU

ALU

MemoryRegisters

A Single Chip


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RAM


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Hard Drive

We wont remove this.


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Floppy Drive


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CD-ROM Drive


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Ribbon Cables

polarized


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Video Card


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Sound Card


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Back ofComputer

Remove these screws


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End of Session # 2

Queries???


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CPU

The central processing unit or (CPU) is the "brain"of your computer. It contains the electronic circuitsthat cause the computer to follow instructionsfrom memory.

The CPU contains three main parts, all housed

in a single package (Chip):

Control Unit (CU)

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

Memory

BACK


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Some DOS Commands (Contd.)

edit: Edits a file.

C:\> edit

This will open a editor window where the contents of file can be seen. Thesecontents could also be edited here and on saving, the contents of file willchange.

type: Displays the content of a file.

C:\> type

This will display the contents of file on the computer. The contents of file could

only be viewed but could not be changed, as in the case of edit.


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End of Session #4

Queries???


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QUIZ

1. Name any four devices of a Computer.

Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Light Pen.

2. What is the job of CPU?

Central Processing Unit controls and coordinates

all the activities of the computer.


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QUIZ

3. What is the unit of measuring the speed of the

processor?

Mega Hertz or Kilo Hertz ( No. of CPU

Cycles/second)

4. What is a computer network?

It is interconnection of computers to make aLAN,MAN or WAN.


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QUIZ

5. Name any three storage devices.

Hard Disk, Magnetic Tape, Compact Disk.

6. What is command to create directory?

C:\>MD


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QUIZ

7. What is Internet?

It is the network of networks.

8. What are different types of printers?

Dot Matrix Printer, Inkjet

Laser


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QUIZ

9.What is the use of Scanner?

It is used to copy the real image on

paper to be stored as digital image in

the computer.

10. Why Operating system is required?

It is required to provide the interfacebetween the user and the computer.


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THANK YOU

Documents

2761 Computer-Introduction 1