2.4GHz Active RFID for RTLS Using ADS - Keysight€¦ · ¾RFIDZib WiFi등근거리통신기술이이용됨 Processor Server RFID, Zigbee, WiFi ... A lifi 2 Port P3 ZRef=50. Ohm Phase=90

Contents

Outline of RTLS SystemOutline of RTLS System

I


II

- 2.4GHz Active RFID for RTLS- H/W System Configuration

System Simulation using ADSSystem Simulation using ADS

II

- H/W System Spec./ y p- Simulation Configuration- Tag RF Block Simulation- Reader RF Block Simulation- Air Path Simulation- Tag BB Block Simulation- Tag BB Block Simulation- Reader BB Block Simulation- System Simulation

III

Test System using H/W EquipmentTest System using H/W Equipment

- Test Configuration & Result

2


I


3

I. 2.4GHz Active RFID for RTLS

Real Time Location SystemsReal Time Location Systems

사람 또는 사물의 위치를 실시간으로 확인하는 것을 의미함

RFID Zi b WiFi 등 근거리 통신 기술이 이용됨

Processor Server

RFID, Zigbee, WiFi 등 근거리 통신 기술이 이용됨

서비스에 따라 수백 미터의 측정 거리와 수십 센티미터의 오차를 요구함

Processor

2.45GHz 리더

2.45GHz 리더

Ethernet(wired)

엑사이터

LRL(Long Range Link)

기준 태그ADS Simulation Block

2.45GHz 태그

SRL(Short Range Link) 2.45GHz 리더

4프로그래머

II. H/W Configuration

Tag RF BlockTag RF Block

Direct Conversion

Analog Low Pass Filter

BPSKBPSK

Power Amplifier

Antenna

5


Reader RF BlockReader RF Block

Direct Conversion ReceiverDirect Conversion Receiver

High gain LNA Block

I/Q Demodulator

Antenna

6


DSSSDSSS

확산

역확산

7

II. 연구 개발 내용System Simulation using ADSSystem Simulation using ADS

II

System Simulation using ADSSystem Simulation using ADS

8

I. H/W System Spec.

System Spec.System Spec.

2.4GHz Active RFID

Modulation: BPSK Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)

Data Bit Rate: 59 7kbpsData Bit Rate: 59.7kbps

Spreading Factor: 511

PN Chip Rate: 30.521875Mcps

Operating Frequency Range: 2400 MHz ~ 2483.5 MHz (ISM)

Center Frequency: 2441.750 MHz

Occupied Channel Bandwidth: 60MHz

Channel Power : 10dBm(EIRP)

Required BER: < 10-5

9

II. Simulation Configuration

Simulation Using ADSSimulation Using ADS

Analog RF + Ptolemy DF Co-Simulation

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2

ControlSimulation=YESStop=DefaultNumericStopStart=DefaultNumericStartPlot=None

Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1

LFSR_Length=5ProbOfZero=0.5Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1

NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3

LFSR_InitState=1

Tag BB BlockAir Channel Block

Reader BB BlockNoise Density Block

ControlSimulation YES

Tag RF Block Reader RF Block Ptolemy DFCo-Simulation

Analog RF

10

III. Tag RF Block Simulation


RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2

Stop=DefaultNumericStopStart=DefaultNumericStartPlot=None

Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1

ControlSimulation=YESStop=DefaultNumericStop

NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3

LFSR_InitState=1LFSR_Length=5ProbOfZero=0.5Type Random

CC1C=100 nF

P_nToneA_PORTNum=1 RF_LPF_01

X1

21

TermG_PORT

Z=50 OhmNum=2LPF_Butterworth

J_RF_LPF1PadPAD1Amplif ier2

E_PA

BPF_Cheby shevD_SAWMixer2

C_Demod

Amplif ier2

LPF_ButterworthJ_RF_LPF

Amplif ier2I_LO_Amp

OSCwPhNoiseOSC3

11


Analog Low Pass Filter


S_ParamSP1

Step=0.1 MHzStop=100 MHzStart=0.1 MHz

S-PARAMETERS

TermTerm4

Z=50 OhmNum=4

TermTerm3

Z=50 OhmNum=3

CC8 L

L6R=

CC7 L

L5R=

CC6 L

L4R=

CC5

CC4

LL3R=

CC3

LL2R=

CC2

LL1R=

CC1

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

TermTerm1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

-20

0

6E-8

7E-8

-60

-40

dB

(S(2

,1))

dB

(S(4

,3))

2E-8

3E-8

4E-8

5E-8

de

lay(

2,1

)d

ela

y(4

,3)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900 100

-80

-100

freq, MHz

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 900 100

1E-8

0

freq, MHz

12

S21 Group Delay


Power Amplifier


30 30

Single Tone Test

VARVarHarmonicBalance

HARMONIC BALANCE

-20

-10

0

10

20

dBm

(Inp

ut)

dBm

(Out

put)

0

10

20

dB

m(O

utp

ut[:

:,1])

Input Output

VARVAR1X=-30

EqnVar

HB1

Order[1]=3Freq[1]=2.44175 GHz

P_nTonePORT1Num=1 A lifi 2

TermG_PORTNum=2

1 2 3 4 5 6 70 8

-30

freq, GHz-20 -10 0 10-30 20

-10

X

40

Two Tone Test

HARMONIC BALANCE

P[1]=polar(dbmtow(0),0)Freq[1]=2.44175 GHzZ=50 OhmNum=1 Amplifier2

PA Z=50 OhmNum=2

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

dBm

(Out

put[

::,5

])dB

m(O

utpu

t[::

,4])

-20

-10

0

10

20

30

dBm

(Inp

ut)

dBm

(Out

put)

Input Output

HarmonicBalanceHB1

Order[2]=5Order[1]=5Freq[2]=2.41175 GHzFreq[1]=2.44175 GHz

-20 -10 0 10-30 20

-80

-100

X

dd

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.82.0 3.0

-30

freq, GHz

Harmonic Linearity

Input Output

Amplifier2PA

P_nTonePORT1

P[2]=polar(dbmtow(0),0)P[1]=polar(dbmtow(0),0)Freq[2]=2.41175 GHzFreq[1]=2.44175 GHzZ=50 OhmNum=1

TermG_PORT

Z=50 OhmNum=2

13


Mixer


-20

-10

0

10

dBm

(Inp

ut)

HarmonicBalanceHB1

Freq[2]=30.521875 MHzFreq[1]=2.44175 GHz

HARMONIC BALANCE VARVAR1X=-25

EqnVar

10 20 30 40 500 60

-30

-40

freq, MHz

d

10IF Input

Input OutputP_nTonePORT1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

Mixer2C_Demod

Order[2]=3Order[1]=3

q[ ]

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

-30

-20

-10

0

dB

m(L

O)

LO

P_nTonePORT2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

0

10

ut)

)2.2 2.4 2.6 2.82.0 3.0

-40

freq, GHz

LO Input

2.2 2.4 2.6 2.82.0 3.0

-30

-20

-10

-40

dBm

(Out

pudB

m(L

O)

14

freq, GHz

Output


RF SAW Filter


S Param

S-PARAMETERS

40

-20

0

(2,1

))

S_ParamSP1

Step=0.01 MHzStop=2.6 GHzStart=2.3 GHz

-60

-40

-80

dB(S

BPF_ChebyshevD_SAW

TermPORT2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

TermPORT1

Z=50 OhmNum=1

2.35 2.40 2.45 2.50 2.552.30 2.60

freq, GHz

Pass Band

15


Total Block Simulation


VARVAR1input_power=-40

EqnVar

HarmonicBalanceHB1

Order[2]=3Order[1]=3Freq[2]=30.521875 MHzFreq[1]=2.44175 GHz

HARMONIC BALANCE

OutpotPA_outSAW_outMixer_out

LO_in

LPF_outInput

LPF_ButterworthJ_RF_LPF1

PadPAD1

Amplifier2E_PA

BPF_ChebyshevD_SAW

LPF_ButterworthJ_RF_LPF

Mixer2C_Demod1

P_nTonePORT1

P[1]=polar(dbmtow(input_power),0)Freq[1]=30.521875 MHzZ=50 OhmNum=1

RF_LPF_01X1

21

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

CC1C=100 nF

LO

Amplifier2I_LO_Amp

P_nTonePORT2

Freq[1]=2.44175 GHzZ=50 OhmNum=2

0

20

out[:

:,1])

_out

[::,6

])_o

ut[::

,6])

out[:

:,6])

ot[::

,6])

P[1]=polar(dbmtow(0),0)PhaseNoise[1]=

q[ ]

-40

-20

60

dBm

(LP

F_o

dBm

(Mix

er_

dBm

(SA

W_

dBm

(PA

_odB

m(O

utpo

-30 -20 -10 0 10-40 20

-60

input_power

Linearity

16

IV. Reader RF Block Simulation


RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2


Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1


NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3


Amplifier2H_BB_AMP

PortP2Num=2

RF_LPF_03X4

21

Mixer2F_Demod

PhaseShiftSMLPS1

PwrSplit2PWR2

OSCwPhNoiseOSC3

Rout=50 OhmP=dbmtow(-3)Freq=RFfreq

PortP1Num=1

PadPAD1

LPF_ButterworthE_RF_LPF1 Amplifier2

C_LNA1Amplifier2D_LNA2

LPF_ButterworthE_RF_LPF

PwrSplit2PWR1

Mixer2 RF LPF 03

21

A lifi 2PortP3

PS1

ZRef=50. OhmPhase=90. PhaseNoise=

Rout 50 Ohm

eF_Demod1

_ _03X3 Amplifier2

H_BB_AMP1

P3Num=3

17

IV. Reader RF Block Simulation

60

80

100

120

n[::,

0]Total Block Simulation


B_S

AW

C_LN

A1

D_LN

A2

E_R

F_L P

F_D

emod

G_B

B_LP

H_B

B_A

M

I_PO

RT

A_P

OR

T

J_LO

0

20

40

-20

Gai

ACAC1

Step=Stop=Start=

AC

PF d PF

MP

Component

3

4

5

:,0]

Amplifier2H_BB_AMP

LPF_ButterworthG_BB_LPFMixer

F_Demod

LPF_ButterworthE_RF_LPFAmplifier2

D_LNA2Amplifier2C_LNA1

BPF_ChebyshevB_SAW

P_1ToneA_PORT

Freq=2.47175 GHzP=polar(dbmtow(-110),0)Z=50 OhmNum=1

P_1ToneJ_LON 3

TermI_PORT

Z=50 OhmNum=2

Gain

HarmonicBalanceHB1

Order[2]=3Order[1]=3Freq[3]=2.44175 GHzFreq[2]=2.41175 GHzFreq[1]=2.47175 GHz

HARMONIC BALANCE VARVAR2input_power=-100

EqnVar

B_S

AW

C_LN

A

D_LN

A

E_R

F_L

F_D

em

G_B

B_

H_B

B_A

I_PO

RT

A_P

OR

J_LO

1

2

0

NF

[::

Freq=2.44175 GHzP=polar(dbmtow(0),0)Z=50 OhmNum=3

100

150

200

m3

m1indep(m1)=plot_v s(dBm(Output[::,2]), input_power)=-12.395

-120.000

m2indep(m2)=plot_v s(dBm(Output[::,8]), input_power)=-176.215

-120.000

m3indep(m3)=plot_v s(out_1st, input_power)=69.605

-38.000

Output

Order[3]=3Order[2]=3

P_nToneA_PORT

P[2]=polar(dbmtow(input_power),0)P[1]=polar(dbmtow(input_power),0)Freq[2]=2.41175 GHzFreq[1]=2.47175 GHzZ=50 OhmNum=1 Amplifier2

H_BB_AMP

LPF_ButterworthG_BB_LPFMixer

F_Demod

LPF_ButterworthE_RF_LPF

Amplifier2D_LNA2

Amplifier2C_LNA1

BPF_ChebyshevB_SAW

TermI_PORT

Z=50 OhmNum=2

W A1

A2 LP

F

mod

_LPF

AM

P

TRT

Component Noise Figure

-150

-100

-50

0

50

dB

m(O

utp

ut[:

:,2])

m1

dB

m(O

utp

ut[:

:,8])

m2

out_

1st

m3

out_

3rd

P_nToneJ_LO

P[1]=polar(dbmtow(0),0)Freq[1]=2.44175 GHzZ=50 OhmNum=1

18

-110 -100 -90 -80 -70 -60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10-120 0

-200

input_power

IIP3

V. Air Path Simulation

Path Loss BlockPath Loss Block

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2


Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1

P outHARMONIC BALANCE

Amplifier2


NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3


P_out

* Channel path loss & phase delay modeling

** Reader RX noise Temperature

HarmonicBalanceHB1

Order[1]=3Freq[1]=2.44175 GHz

TermTerm2

Z=50 OhmNum=2

P_1TonePORT1

Freq=2.44175 GHzP=polar(dbmtow(0),0)Z=50 OhmNum=1

I_NoiseSRC1I_Noise=Noise_in_Reader

Amplifier2AMP1

[K]

[K][m]

[MHz]

VARPathloss_params

Distance=distanceTag_Ant_Noise_temp=300Tag_Ant_Gain=0Reader_Ant_Noise_temp=300Reader_Ant_Gain=0

EqnVar VAR

VAR1distance=100

EqnVar

VARFreq_paramRF_freq=2441.75

EqnVar

-70

-60

1])

-100

-90

-80

dBm

(P_o

ut[:

:,

200 400 600 8000 1000

-110

distance

Path Loss

19

Path Loss

VI. Tag BB Block Simulation

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2


Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1

Tag BB BlockTag BB Block


NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3


PN C d 02PN_Code_02X5

IntToFloatI2

GainG7

Add2A2

G7Gain=2.0

C t

FloatToTimedRepeat

PortP2Num=2

GainIntToFloat

PortP1Num=1

Repeat

ConstC5Level=-1

Mpy2F1TStep=Tstep usec

R10

BlockSize=1NumTimes=SampPerBit

Num=2

ConstC4Level=-1

G6Gain=2.0 Add2

A1

I3Num=1 R6

BlockSize=1NumTimes=PN_Num

M2

20


PN Generator


PN_Code_02X5

IntToFloatI2

Add2A2

GainG7Gain=2.0

ConstC5Level=-1

1.5

FloatToTimedF1TStep=Tstep usec

RepeatR10


PortP2Num=2

ConstC4Level=-1

GainG6Gain=2.0 Add2

A1

IntToFloatI3

PortP1Num=1

RepeatR6


Mpy2M2

0.3

0.7

1.1

N1

0

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 4500 500

-0.1

-0.5

Index

PN Sequence

21


Bit Stream


PN_Code_02X5

IntToFloatI2

GainG

Add2A2

G7Gain=2.0

ConstC5Level=-1


RepeatR10


PortP2Num=2

ConstC4Level=-1

GainG6Gain=2.0 Add2

A1

IntToFloatI3

PortP1Num=1

RepeatR6


Mpy2M2

0

2

4

N3 0

2

4

ag_I

n_T

, V

40 80 1200 160

-2

-4

Index

200 4000 600

-2

-4

time, nsec

Ta

Data Flow Timed Signal

22

VII. Reader BB Block Simulation

Reader BB BlockReader BB Block

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2


Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1


NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3


23

VIII. System Simulation

Total SystemTotal System

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

1

2

3

NumericSinkN2


Numeric

1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9

2

4

1

3

RTLS_Tag_RF_03X4

2

3

1

BitsB1Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

2

1


NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3


1

2

3 Numeric

1 2 32

4

1

32

2

1

RTLS_Reader_RF_03X6

NumericSinkN2


1 2 3

RTLS_BB_Rx_04X9RTLS_Tag_RF_03

X4

3

1

BitsB1

LFSR_InitState=1LFSR_Length=5ProbOfZero=0.5Type=Random

RTLS_BB_Tx_04_1X11

RF_AirChannel_02X5

3

NumericSinkN12


Numeric

1 2 3

Tag Tx Spectrum

Noise Density Channel

Reader Rx Data

Auto Correlation Function

24


Tag Tx Spectrum


-40

-30

-20

-10

-40

-30

-20

-10

Simulation Simulation Real

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

dB

m(T

ag

_o

ut_

S)

-100

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

dB

m(T

ag

_o

ut_

S)

2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.562.30 2.58

-100

-110

freq, GHz

10

2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.562.30 2.58

-110

-120

freq, GHz

Without FilterWith Analog LPFReal

70

-60

-50

-40

-30

-20

-10

Ta

g_

ou

t_S

)

Simulation Real

2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.562.30 2.58

-110

-100

-90

-80

-70

-120

dB

m(T

25

freq, GHz

With Digital LPF


Noise Density Channel


-30

-20

-10

0

S)

m1freq=dBm(Tag_out_S)=-50.347434

2.411751GHzm2freq=dBm(Tag_out_S)=-50.522950

2.471749GHz

95

-90

-85

-80

-75

-70

_S

)

m3m4

m3freq=dBm(Reader_In_S)=-87.831997

2.411751GHzm4freq=dBm(Reader_In_S)=-91.130035

2.471749GHz

-90

-80

-70

-60

-50

-40

dB

m(T

ag

_o

ut_

S

m1 m2

-130

-125

-120

-115

-110

-105

-100

-95

dB

m(R

ea

de

r_In

_

AddNDensityA4NDensity=NDensity

2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.562.30 2.58

-100

freq, GHz

2.32 2.34 2.36 2.38 2.40 2.42 2.44 2.46 2.48 2.50 2.52 2.54 2.562.30 2.58

-135

freq, GHz

Tag Output Reader Input

26


Reader Rx Data


5

V 1.0 1.0

200 4000 600

0

-5

Re

ader

_BB

_T

_I,

0.0

0.5

0.4

0.6

0.8

N4 N

2

time, nsec

2

4

_Q

, V 2 4 6 8 10 12 140 15

-0.5

-1.0

0.2

0.4

0.0

I Channel

200 4000 600

-2

0

2

-4

time nsec

Re

ad

er_

BB

_T

_

Index

Input Data / Output Data

time, nsec

Q Channel

27


Auto Correlation Function


6.0E7

8.0E7

2.0E7

4.0E7

0 0

N6

5.0E3 1.0E4 1.5E4 2.0E4 2.5E4 3.0E40.0 3.5E4

0.0

Index

8.0E7

Real

2 0E7

4.0E7

6.0E7

N6

Simulation

1.2262E4 1.2275E4 1.2288E41.2250E4 1.2300E4

2.0E7

0.0

Index

28

II. 연구 개발 내용Test System using H/W EquipmentTest System using H/W Equipment

III

Test System using H/W EquipmentTest System using H/W Equipment

29

I. Test Configuration & Result


PN_Code_01X5

IntToFloatI2

TimedSinkTag_In_TPlot=None

CM_ESG_E4438C_SinkC8

FileName="RTLS_Tag"SampleClk=100 MHzAmplitude=10Frequency=RFfreqStop=NstopStart=0Enabled=YESInstrument="[GPIB0::19::INSTR][localhost][4790]"TimedToFloat

T2

TimedToFloatT1

SplitterRFS1

RaisedCosineR9

SquareRoot=YESExcessBW=1.0SymbolInterval=SampPerBitLength=SampPerBit*4Interpolation=SampPerBitDecimationPhase=0Decimation=1


Add2A2

GainG7Gain=2.0

ConstC7Level=-1

ConstC4Level=-1

GainG6Gain=2.0 Add2

A1

BitsB2

LFSR_InitState=1LFSR_Length=4ProbOfZero=0.5Type=Random

IntToFloatI3

Mpy2M2

RepeatR6


ControlSimulation=YESStop=DefaultTimeStopStart=DefaultTimeStartRLoad=DefaultRLoadPlot None

SpectrumAnalyzerTag_In_S

WindowConstant=0.0Window=Hanning 0.50Stop=DefaultTimeStopStart=DefaultTimeStartRLoad=DefaultRLoadPlot=None

0

-80

-60

-40

-20

dBm

(Tag

_In

_S)

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450 50

-100

-120

freq, MHz

ESG4438C Data

30

감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다감사합니다

Documents

2.4GHz Active RFID for RTLS Using ADS - Keysight€¦ · ¾RFIDZib WiFi등근거리통신기술이이용됨 Processor Server RFID, Zigbee, WiFi ... A lifi 2 Port P3 ZRef=50. Ohm Phase=90