2436 Modernizing the Mainframe Humana takes CICS to the next …public.dhe.ibm.com/software/tivoli/presentations/2014_05_07_1317... · Humana at a Glance For the past 50 years, Humana

© 2014 IBM Corporation

Modernizing the mainframe

Humana takes CICS to the next level

Craig Whitaker, HumanaTechnology Manager: Transaction & Services Infrastructure

Eric Higgins, IBMClient Technical Specialist, CICS tool

Please Note

IBM’s statements regarding its plans, directions, and intent are subject to change or withdrawal without notice at IBM’s sole discretion.

Information regarding potential future products is intended to outline our general product direction and it should not be relied on in making a purchasing decision.

The information mentioned regarding potential future products is not a commitment, promise, or legal obligation to deliver any material, code or functionality. Information about potential future products may not be incorporated into any contract. The development, release, and timing of any future features or functionality described for our products remains at our sole discretion.

Performance is based on measurements and projections using standard IBM benchmarks in a controlled environment. The actual throughput or performance that any user will experience will vary depending upon many factors, including considerations such as the amount of multiprogramming in the user’s job stream, the I/O configuration, the storage configuration, and the workload processed. Therefore, no assurance can be given that an individual user will achieve results similar to those stated here.

Humana at a Glance

For the past 50 years, Humana Inc. (NYSE: HUM) has provided a diverse portfolio of health and well-being services from our Louisville, Ky., headquarters. The company ranks among the nation’s largest publicly traded healthcare companies. Our dream is to help people achieve lifelong well-b eing encompassing these four elements:• purpose (service, vocational, advocacy)

• belonging (social, community, family)

• health (physical, emotional, spiritual)• security (financial, personal safety, family, environmental)

At Humana, we are dedicated to making business decisions that reflect our commitment to improving the health and well-being of our members, our associates, the communities we serve, and our planet.

Humana has two EC12 CEC(s) supporting CICS based workloads

• CICS environment � 155 CICS Regions� Running CICS v4.2 (v5.1 scheduled for 1st quarter 2014)� 18,000 CICS Cobol programs� Approximately 38% of CICS programs are Threadsafe � 80+ Million transactions / day� 200+ CICS Web Services� CICS related project growth = 5%� Reuse is low

Humana’s IT Environment

• Initiatives� Transparency� Ease of Use� Agile� Performance � Modernization of Applications� Reduction of general CP MIPS � Increase Re-Use of Resources

Humana’s IT EnvironmentModernization of Claims System

• Background about the environment– 3 TORs servicing 9 AORs in single LPar with application level routing

– Data in VSAM files

– Large batch and online batch environment – Has served its purpose well for 30+ years

– Remains a strategic solution to take Humana forward

• With current business growth, changes are required– High availability– Handle greater volume

– More responsive and flexible to business changes

– Create a dynamic infrastructure– Maintaining focus on efficiency

MQ Cluster

Risk/Benefit/Complexity matrix

Risk

Complexity

VSAM Transp

ODM

Thread Safe

Re-compile

Benefit

DB2 conv

CICSplex P1

CICSplex P2

CICSplex P3

OTE

Highest

Risk

Highest

Complexity

Closer to the Benefit line the

higher the benefit

SAF App

Security

Modernization Solutions

2012 zIAW workshop:Joint Humana/IBM joint application availability study

IBM Solutions Employed

Strategic Solutions assisting with modernization activities

– CICS and MQ Explorer

– CICS Interdependency Analyzer (IA)

– CICS Performance Analyzer (PA)– CICS Configuration Manager (CM)

– CICSPlex / WLM

– MQ Clustering / Shared Queues– VSAM Record Level Sharing (RLS)

– VSAM Transparency

– Operational Decision Manager (ODM)

MQ Cluster


Risk

Complexity

VSAM Transp

ODM

Thread Safe

Re-compile

Benefit

DB2 conv

CICSplex P1

CICSplex P2

CICSplex P3

OTE

Highest

Risk

Highest

Complexity


higher the benefit

SAF App

Security



Recompile COBOL ProgramsWhat is the best way to speed up mission-critical software?

Ideally, it would involve:(a) no new coding or code-tweaking required(b) no new risk that the code will break

(because of the clever tweaks you added to speed it up)(c) no catastrophic service downtime (d) no new hardware required

Exploit new compiler advancements to improve application performance.zEnterprise has 73 new instructions embedded in the microprocessor for current and future exploitation by compilers and by various software subsystems. Embedding the instructions optimizes the runtime environment for better performance.

COBOL V5.1 Provides significant performance improve ments over COBOL V4:• Many well structured CPU-intensive batch program have shown performance increases of >

10%• Many numerically intensive programs have shown performance increases > 20%• Even further exploitation of z hardware, specifically z10, z196, zEC12

zEnterprise Should Change The Role Of The Mainframe In Application Strategy Decisionsftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/os/systemz/pdf/zenterprise_should_change_role_of_mainframe_in.pdf

Recompile COBOL ProgramsBefore After

Trans: 18471 28799

Avg CPU: .0283 .0249

Before AfterTrans: 18471 28799

Avg CPU: .0283 .0249

MQ Cluster


Risk

Complexity

VSAM Transp

ODM

Thread Safe

Re-compile

Benefit

DB2 conv

CICSplex P1

CICSplex P2

CICSplex P3

OTE

Highest

Risk

Highest

Complexity


higher the benefit

SAF App

Security



Threadsafe & OTE

CICS Open Transaction Environment is an architecture that was introduced for the following purposes:

To allow CICS to make better use of the mainframe

With OTE, CICS can run more processes in parallel, increasing the throughput of work through the system and resulting in more work being done in the same amount of time.

To improve the performance of existing applications, particularly those applications that access external resources managers, such as IBM DB2, WebSphere MQ (WMQ), and IMS, by consuming less mainframe resources in getting the job done

To augment the already rich set of capabilities provided by the CICS application programming interface (API), by providing application interfaces supplied by other software components, and allowing CICS applications to use these interfaces.

Threadsafe and OTE initiative

Threadsafe Analysis Steps

• Identify high volume transactions with a large average of TCB switches

• Identify programs in those transactions that are good threadsafecandidates

• Analyze programs to ensure the logic is threadsafe

• Implement threadsafe programs

• Measure results

Threadsafe and OTE initiative

Leveraged IBM CICS tools to expedite threadsafe Analysis Activities

CICS Performance Analyzer:• Identify candidate transactions – Biggest bang for the buck first• How many TCB switches occurred• What was the delay as the result• How much CPU was used by TCB switching• Many sample reports included with CICS PA

– CPU Usage, Delays, Change Mode Delays

CICS Interdependency Analyzer• Identify scope of the transaction• Identify programs that contain threadsafe inhibitors• Understanding threadsafe and non-threadsafe commands used by programs• Identify dynamically called programs (they inherit the concurrency of the calling program)

Why use CICS PA ?With CICS Performance

Analyzer:Produce regular reports for ongoing performance management. Over 240 sample reports are provided with the productRun performance reports to analyze fluctuations in transaction volume.

Identify the effect of new applications on your CICS systems.Improve the productivity of CICS systems by knowing when to increase resource availability during high demand cycles.Estimate system and resource requirements to prepare for enterprise growth.

CICS PA helps:

• System Programmers to track overall CICS system performance and evaluate the results of their system tuning efforts.

• Systems Programmers proactively track trends in performance to help avoid slowdowns and outages.

• Application Programmers to analyze the performance of their applications and the resources they use.

• Database Administrators to analyze the usage and performance of database systems such as IMS™ and DB2.

• MQ Administrators to analyze the usage and performance of WebSphere MQ systems.

• Managers to ensure transactions are meeting their required Service Levels and measure trends to help plan future requirements and strategies

Why use CICS IA ?Projects

• Workload balancing– Affinity Analysis– Resource utilization

• Application Modernization– Web services– Atom services– Events deployment

• CICS TS Upgrade– Understand the use of TRUEs and

GLUEs– Understand the use of modified or

deleted SPIs and APIs– Assist with test coverage

• Threadsafe Analysis– Inhibitors, location of TCB switching,

dynamically called programs, etc

Every Day Use‒ Application changes

� Which programs uses a given resource‒ Application deployment

� Governance – check for Affinities , Threadsafe commands , site rules

‒ Problem determination� What new commands have been added to a

given program using the First_usedtimestamp column

‒ VSAM or resource recovery� Disable all programs that use this file

IA Helps:‒ System Administrators‒ Application Development‒ Operations‒ Testing

Threadsafe and OTE initiativeBefore After

Trans: 550 9519QR: .01 .023L8: .0075 .022Switching: 303 43

Before AfterTrans: 550 9519QR: .01 .023L8: .0075 .022Switching: 303 43

Before After

Our Threadsafe and OTE initiative

Our Threadsafe and OTE initiative

MQ Cluster


Risk

Complexity

VSAM Transp

ODM

Thread Safe

Re-compile

Benefit

DB2 conv

CICSplex P1

CICSplex P2

CICSplex P3

OTE

Highest

Risk

Highest

Complexity


higher the benefit

SAF App

Security



AOR AOR

FOR

TOR

FOR

TOR

3 Phases

1.Implement FOR Regions• Files• TS Queues• EnQueues

2.Implement CICSPlex routing round-robin

3.Implement WLM in CICSPlex

High Availability - CICSplex

LPar 1

AOR AOR AOR AOR

VSAMRLS

VSAMRLS

TOR

DB2 DB2

TORTORTOR

Advantages • Single Node Image

• Automate failover for unplanned outages

• Greater flexibility for planned outages

• Dynamic workload distribution

• Quickly adjust to elastic workloads

• Data Sharing•VSAM•DB2

High Availability - CICSplex

LPar 1 LPar 2

High Availability

Considerations for moving to a CICSPlex SM environment

VSAM files –• VSAM limitation - unable to have same VSAM files available for update on multiple

FORs on separate LPARs

• Option #1 – Maintain current VSAM file delineation

– Move all VSAM files to FORs– Move TS Queues and Enqueues to FORs

• Option #2 - Use VSAM RLS

– Performed testing to ensure responsiveness– VSAM RLS, not necessarily a long term strategic solution

• Option #3 – Move VSAM data to DB2

– Considering CICS VSAM Transparency to help with the DB2 migration

Affinities • Need to identify affinities and build trangroup definitions

• Solution – Use CICS Interdependency Analyzer to automate affinity analysis and trangroup definitions

High Availability

Considerations for moving to a CICSPlex SM environment – cont.

Performance • Need to ensure acceptable performance levels are maintained

• Solution – Use CICS Performance Analyzer to provide detailed comparison ofenvironments

Resource Definition Management

• Shift responsibility to Application developers (eventually)• Automate promotion of definition changes

• Solution: CICS Configuration Manager

CICS CM – CICS resource definition lifecycle managementBenefitsBenefits

• Eliminate manual and error prone processes

• Automate repeatable activities

• Full audit trail and backout capability

• Integrate with source code change management processes

• Remove bottle neck related to resource definition management

• Eliminate manual and error prone processes

• Automate repeatable activities

• Full audit trail and backout capability

• Integrate with source code change management processes

• Remove bottle neck related to resource definition management

Change package created for resources in Development repository

Change package migrated to test environment

Install definitions inCICS regions on test environment

High Availability

CICS VSAM Transparency for z/OSCICS VSAM Transparency for z/OS

• Integration with new applications that are already DB2 based

- Web App. Servers - Multi-platform applications

- Data analytics• Shared data for inquiry and update• Ease in running ad-hoc queries• Built in Data Integrity• Adhere to data governance mandates• Single copy of the truth • Ease in integrating to visual information,

charts, graphs, executive dashboards• Support 24x7 Applications

• Integration with new applications that are already DB2 based

- Web App. Servers - Multi-platform applications

- Data analytics• Shared data for inquiry and update• Ease in running ad-hoc queries• Built in Data Integrity• Adhere to data governance mandates• Single copy of the truth • Ease in integrating to visual information,

charts, graphs, executive dashboards• Support 24x7 Applications

Why Migrate from VSAM to DB2?Why Migrate from VSAM to DB2?

• Migrate VSAM files to DB2 without changing application programs

• Maintain single copy of the data

• CICS and batch programs access data in DB2 under the control of CICS VT

• Access migrated DB2 data natively using SQL

• Migrate VSAM files to DB2 without changing application programs

• Maintain single copy of the data

• CICS and batch programs access data in DB2 under the control of CICS VT

• Access migrated DB2 data natively using SQL

CICS VT enables you to…CICS VT enables you to…

DB2Table #1

CICS

VT

ApplicationProgram

VSAMFile #2

VSAMFile #1

Application programs unchanged

INSERT, UPDATE

SELECT

GET, READWRITE, REWRITE

High Availability Modernize your VSAM data – Batch and CICS

Without Decision Management

• Decisions are locked in processes and applications

• Programming skills are needed to create & modify decision logic

• Speed of business change is limited by IT bandwidth

• Lack of consistency

• Gap between business analysts & IT administrators

• Manual intervention increases costs & reduces customer satisfaction

Externalizing Business Rules (ODM)

� Reuse decision assets across processes

� Empower business people to own, author and update decision services

� Respond quickly to changing market conditions

� Maximize automation and straight-through processing

With Decision Management

Decision Service:Offers & Promotions

Decision Service:Eligibility

Decision Service:Risk Scoring



Currently a hybrid deployment

• Decision Server (Runtime) on zOS• Decision Center (Development / Management) on Linux on System Z

Currently ODM is utilized in one major application• Between 7,000 and 8,000 rules

Ability to tie disparate rules in event correlation engine is a “game changer”.

Will begin looking at business rules extraction in the claims system in 2014.

Summary

Quantifiable improvements realized to dateActivities in progress Planned Activities

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QUESTIONS?

Thank You

We Value Your Feedback

Don’t forget to submit your Impact session and speaker feedback! Your feedback is very important to us – we use it to continually improve the conference.Use the Conference Mobile App or the online Agenda Builder to quickly submit your survey

• Navigate to “Surveys” to see a view of surveys for sessions you’ve attended

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Supplemental Slides

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Key documents

Analyst papers• Lustratus Research - New project platform section for CICS Users

ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/htp/cics/pdf/Lustratus_Research_Paper_New_project_platform_selection_for_CICS_users.pdf

• The Branham Group reports on the cost savings CICS Tools make possible, and describe how Tools can help improve operational efficiency. ftp://public.dhe.ibm.com/software/htp/cics/tools/IBM_System_z_CICS_Tools_Whitepaper_FINAL_20130222.pdf

IBM Redbooks• CICS Transaction Server from Start to Finish , SG24-7952-00• Smarter Banking with CICS Transaction Server , SG24-7815-00• Implementing Event Processing with CICS , SG24-7792• CICS and SOA: Architecture and Integration , SG24-5466-06• Implementation of Popular Business Solutions with C ICS Tools , REDP-4824-00• Threadsafe considerations for CICS , SG24-6351-04• Architects guide to CICS on System z , SG24-8067-00• CICS Transaction Server Application Architecture , Redbooks solution guide

The System z Infrastructure Architecture Workshop ( zIAW)

The zIAW is a free offering from IBM that brings together IBM technical experts with key client participants to explore specific scenarios and determine the best approach for modernizing mainframe applications and infrastructure.The workshop is focused on business results, addressing a specific area for improvement that you identify prior to the workshop. After working with you to analyze the issue, the IBM team will propose a solution architecture to solve the business problem being addressed.

Highlights• Collaborate with IBM to analyze your current System z infrastructure • Identify specific areas where business flexibility can be improved through better IT

solutions• Develop a strategy for the design and implementation of a Service Oriented

Architecture or other new workloads• Create an incremental plan to increase business responsiveness and reduce

application development time by improving your I/T architectureContact your IBM representative if you are interested in a System z Infrastructure Architecture

Workshop

ibm/developerworks/cicsdev

facebook.com/IBMCICS

twitter.com/IBM_CICS

youtube.com/cicsfluff

youtube.com/cicsexplorer

CICS Showcase

twitter.com/IBM_System_z

CICS Explorer Forum ibm.com/developerworks/forums/forum.jspa?forumID=1475&start=0

CICS-L list Forumlistserv.uga.edu/archives/cics-l.html

Google us or check us out at:

www.ibm.com

/cics

COBOL V5.1 Performance – Slide from Impact 2013 Presentation

What is CICS PA?

A Comprehensive Performance Reporting and Analysis tool for CICS

Provides ongoing system management and measurement reports on all aspects of CICS application performance

How does it work?

Uses SMF data as inputEasy to use interface for report generation (over 240 supplied report forms)

Performance and Statistical analysis

Graphical performance analysis via the explorer

CICS Performance Analyzer for z/OSCICS Performance Analyzer for z/OSWhat’s its value? • Analyze CICS Application performance• Improve CICS resource usage• Evaluate the effects of CICS system tuning efforts• Improve transaction response time• Provide ongoing system management and measurement

reports• Increase availability of resources• Increase the productivity of system and application

programmers• Provide awareness of usage trends

Why this tool is important to CICS customers• Reduce both time/resource required to analyze off-line

performance data (usually massive) for tuning and capacity planning purposes.

• Enables deep-dive CICS performance analysis and understanding of usage trends

• Aids capacity planning and tuning• Helps quickly identify and eliminate trends leading to online

performance problems

http://www-01.ibm.com/software/htp/cics/tools/

PERFORMANCE

CICS Interdependency Analyzer for z/OSCICS Interdependency Analyzer for z/OSWhat is CICS IA?

A discovery tool that identifies resource interdependencies and affinities in your CICS systems

Captures CICS application relationships:Resources used by a transaction - Programs, Files, TSQs, TDQs plus DB2, MQ, IMS, Web services, and NaturalIdentifies AG Natural and Adabas relationshipsIdentifies non-threadsafe programsTransactions with affinities and their type / lifetimeAPI changes between CICS versions / releasesUnused resourcesSequencing of transactions within an application

What’s its value?Real time documentation of CICS application systems Automate Threadsafe AnalysisIdentify and analyze affinities Assist in application modernization activitiesQuickly identify application scopeVerify the application code via call path tracing Automatically maintains CPSM rules

Why is this tool important to CICS users?Reduce both time/resource required in understanding active CICS application inventory for efficient maintenance and reuse. A manual and error prone process today.


APPLICATION UNDERSTANDING / DISCOVERY

What is it?Migrates VSAM data to DB2 without changing application programs.Both CICS and Batch programs access data in DB2 under the control of CICS VT

What’s its value?Lower risk and faster path for migrating VSAM data to DB2.Allows for a file by file migration and since application programs are not changed, the migration timeline is significantly reduced.VSAM Transparency quickly positions applications to exploit DB2VSAM data has been migrated to DB2, future applications can exploit the power of relational data via DB2Don’t spend time recoding old applications, rather spend time preparing your data for future multi-platform, web-enabled applications.

How does it enhance the management of CICS?VSAM data has been migrated to DB2, future applications can exploit the power of relational data via DB2Don’t spend time recoding old applications, rather spend time preparing your data for future multi-platform, web-enabled applications.

Why is this tool important? Reduce Business Risk• Applications can access DB2 without making

changes to the source code. • Business logic errors are eliminated and test time

requirements are reduced or eliminated.• Other business allocations can access the DB2

table with the assurance that the correct data will be returned to the application program

Faster Path to Market• Prioritize the files to migrated first• Since there are no application code changes,

migration is faster because only the data changes need to be tested. The time and effort associated with application testing and implementation is eliminated.

• Migration in weeks instead of months or years

Control Scope of the Migration Project• VSAM Files can be migrated to DB2 file by file. • Do not need to rewrite all the programs that

access the file being migrated• Removes the need for large all at once

migrations.

LOW RISK DB2 MIGRATION

CICS VSAM Transparency for z/OSCICS VSAM Transparency for z/OS


What is it?CICS Configuration Manager provides a single point of control for CICS resource-definition administration and maintenance, while offering comprehensive reporting and change-management control facilities with full governance.

What’s its value?Simplified and controlled management of CICS application resources. Aids systems administration, lowers costs, reduces risk of downtime due to user errors and speeds version to version migration

How does it enhance the management of CICS?Create, Update, Delete, Copy, Replicate CICS resource definitionsProvides change management through the life-cycle stages, e.g. development, test, productionCreate customized reports to identify redundant definitions, show resource relationships and change management historyAudit, back-out and change authorization capabilities

Why is this tool important?

Accurate CICS resource definitions are essential to maintain the high availability expected of CICS. With tens, or even hundreds, of CICS regions across the enterprise, each containing hundreds or thousands of artifacts, maintaining potentially millions of definitions can be challenging.

Reduce both time/resource in gaining tighter control over CICS CSD administration

Enhance compliance with change management policies.

Generate audit reports to simplify effort and costs associated with compliance

RESOURCE DEFINITION MANAGEMENT

CICS Configuration Manager for z/OSCICS Configuration Manager for z/OS


Documents

2436 Modernizing the Mainframe Humana takes CICS to the next …public.dhe.ibm.com/software/tivoli/presentations/2014_05_07_1317... · Humana at a Glance For the past 50 years, Humana