23 April 2008Oxford University Library Services Key information skills Your presenters: Juliet Ralph, Judy Reading, Penny Roberts, Gabriella Netting, Roger

23 April 2008 Oxford University Library Services

Key information skills

Your presenters: Juliet Ralph, Judy Reading, Penny Roberts, Gabriella Netting, Roger Mills and Katherine

Melling


Key information skills and resources include:

• Locating relevant quality information resources

• Effective searching• Evaluating information• Managing your references• Academic integrity • Current awareness services• Oxford Research Archive


Locating relevant quality information resources

Juliet Ralph


Finding out about you ... which subject area are you researching in?

A. ScienceB. MedicineC. Social ScienceD. HumanitiesE. Other/Cross-disciplinary

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14%

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Do you feel confident in locating information about relevant research?

A. YesB. NoC. Not sure

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8%

38%

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If you need to read a book which your supervisor has recommended do you…

A. Ask to borrow it from your supervisorB. Order it from Amazon or a book shopC. Look it up on the library catalogueD. Expect to find it full-text in an e-books

package

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48%

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Locating books

• Use Library catalogues – OLIS is Oxford Libraries Catalogue

http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk/olis/

• Some texts are available as e-books

• If your supervisor is kind enough to lend you his or hers, great.





Where would you look for a specific journal article?

A. Google or Google ScholarB. Library catalogueC. Bibliographic databaseD. Oxford University e-JournalsE. All of the aboveF. Don't know

13%

28%

8%2%

19%

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Locating journal articles

• Oxford University e-Journals http://ejournals.ouls.ox.ac.uk/

is the catalogue for our online journals

• For print journals use OLIS

• Google Scholar can be a good short-cut but should be used in conjunction with other resources

http://ejournals.ouls.ox.ac.uk/


Where would you look to find journal articles on your research topic?

A. Google ScholarB. Bibliographic database eg SCOPUS, CSAC. Library catalogueD. Oxford University e-JournalsE. Other

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14%

5%

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To find journal articles on your research topic:

• Look in a relevant specialist indexing database through OxLIP

• You can use Google Scholar as well but make sure that is not all you use as it has limitations

• Oxford University e-Journals is not good for searching but good when you want to locate a specific article or journal

• The OLIS Library catalogue does not index journal articles but allows you to locate print journals once you know what you want.

http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/oxlip/

http://scholar.google.com/

http://ejournals.ouls.ox.ac.uk/


Locating quality resourcesOxLIP (Oxford Libraries Information Platform) is a gateway to hundreds

of electronic resources. See link to electronic resources from University homepage www.ox.ac.uk or go direct to http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/oxlip

catalogues abstracting and indexing services

reference works full-text resourcesstatistical resources government documentselectronic journals quality web resourcescurrent awareness services citation indexesindexes to theses e-booksstatistical databases digitised texts

OxLIP databases are arranged A-Z by title and also organised by subject

http://www.ox.ac.uk/

http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/oxlip


Subject specific resources

• OxLIP is arranged by subject as well as title so to find the resources most relevant to you look under your subject

• Identify your subject librarian from the list at: http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/collections/librarians You can make an appointment for a one-to-one consultation to make sure you are finding all the most relevant material

• Locate relevant library information at: http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk/libraries/bysubject/

http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/collections/librarians

http://www.lib.ox.ac.uk/libraries/bysubject/


Access to OxLIP resourcesNearly all our resources can be accessed from home or from a

networked laptop

If access is needed from a non-University computer:

• You can use your Oxford Single-Sign On username or an Athens password account for many resources.

• Set up an account for the Virtual Private Network to use home PC/laptop. VPN needed for many electronic journals

The OUCS Helpcentre can help you see http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/network/remote

OULS Remote access guide available at http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/guides

http://www.oucs.ox.ac.uk/network/remote

http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/guides


EFFECTIVE SEARCHING

Judy Reading


SESSION STRUCTURE

Search preparation

Types of searching

Some classic mistakes

Search management

Putting it into practice


WHERE ARE YOU AT NOW?

A. I've got most of my searching ahead of me.

B. I've done some searching, but I need to do a lot more.

C. I've still got a bit of searching to do.D. I've completed all my searching, but

I'm very keen to hear what you have to say anyway!

5%

16%

39%

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SEARCH PREPARATION

Search terms

Define scope

Identify key resources


DID YOU DIVE STRAIGHT IN?

A. Guilty as charged.B. Not me I thought about my

searches in advance.C. I did a bit of search

preparation, but not much. 30%

6%

28%

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SEARCH PREPARATION: KEYWORDS

The information-seeking behaviour

of research students--------------------------------------------------

-----------------------------


SEARCH PREPARATION: KEYWORDS

Information seeking behaviour Research students

Graduate students

DPhil

PRS

Postgraduate students

Contract research staff

Database searching

Search queries

Internet

Search engines

Keywords

Information literacy

Behavior


Keywords:You have 5 minutes for the following…

•Write a short sentence about your research interest

•Underline the key concepts

•Write down alternative terms for the key concepts

•Discuss what you have written with your neighbour –

make sure you both have some time


HAVE YOU EVER CREATED A MIND-MAP?

A. YesB. No

38%

27%

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Library catalogue (OLIS)Books

Journal A-Z (Oxford e-Journals) and specialist and general databases e.g. Science Direct

Journal articles

Organisations, Internet, Mailing lists eg JISCmail

Conferences

Theses Index to Theses, Dissertations abstracts

Reports Internet, Organisations

SEARCH PREPARATION: IDENTIFY RESOURCES

Online or on reference shelvesHandbooks



HOW DO YOU USUALLY FIND OUT WHICH DATABASES TO USE?

A. Find out for myselfB. Ask fellow studentsC. Ask academic staffD. Ask a librarian

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Everything you will ever need to know while you are researching

for your thesis

Librarian(cross-section)


Boolean operators

Natural language searching

Record fields

SEARCH TIPS and TECHNIQUES

Citation searching

Metasearching


NATURAL LANGUAGE SEARCHING

You enter a sentence or a question or keywords

The database uses a programmed logic to determine what results to send back

E.g.

EXAMPLE

http://www.google.co.uk/


META or CROSS-DATABASE SEARCHING

You may be able to search across collections of databases

You can look directly at retrieved results or explore the specific databases identified as useful

EFFECTIVE SEARCHING

EXAMPLE

Collections include Firstsearch, CSA, Ovid and Web of Science



OR

NOT

Information seeking orResearch students

Information seeking notResearch Students

ANDInformation seeking andResearch students

NARROWSSEARCH

BROADENSSEARCH

NARROWSSEARCH

BOOLEAN SEARCHING

EXAMPLE



THESAURUS SEARCHING

Some databases help you with keywords by providing subject indexes or a thesaurus. It is always worth using these if they are available

EXAMPLE



EXAMPLE

SEARCH HISTORY

Use the search history to combine terms



WHEN USING A DATABASE DO YOU...

A. Use the 'basic' searchB. Use the 'advanced' search

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FIELD SEARCHING

Usually the ‘Advanced Search’ option

Allows search of specific database fields

Often can combine field searches using Boolean logic

EFFECTIVE SEARCHING

EXAMPLE



OTHER SEARCH OPTIONS

Parenthesese.g. (Telecommunications or Mobile phones) and Hungary

Truncation and Wildcardse.g. educ* will retrieve educate, education, educational

e.g. wom!n will retrieve woman and women

Proximity e.g. climate near change

Limit by date or format

Phrase searching

e.g “Higher education”


CITATION SEARCHING

A

B(Cites A)

C(Cites A)

K(Cites G)

L(Cites H)

M(Cites I)

N(Cites J)

O(Cites J)

G(Cites D)

H(Cites D, E)

I(Cites F)

J(Cites F)

D(Cites A, B)

F(Cites C)

E(Cites B, C)


CLASSIC MISTAKES

Simultaneous searching

Not ‘Preferred’ terms

Searching for your research topic and context at the same time

Getting zero results for the first keywords you try

e.g. The effect of the introduction of performance related pay on motivation and morale in the NHS

Ignoring Help


SEARCH MANAGEMENT

Search terms

Databases used

Search strategies

Bibliography / In-text referencing

Keep a log

Record all references


HAVE YOU LEARNT ANYTHING NEW?

A. Yes, a lotB. Yes, someC. Bits and piecesD. Not a lotE. Nothing

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SEARCH PRACTICE

• Find a partner and a PC• Work through exercise in sheet headed “Effective

searching: step by step”• Try the “Effective searching: time to play suggestions” if

you have time


Evaluating Web Resources

Penny RobertsRadcliffe Science Library

[email protected]


What to use?

• Academic resources– Scirus– Scopus– Google Scholar– Intute


http://www.google.co.uk/


How concerned are you about Dihydrogen Monoxide in milk?

A. Very concernedB. Slightly concernedC. Not worried at allD. Undecided

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Evaluation checkpoints

• Reliable

• Verifiable

• Current

• Objective


http://www.wikipedia.org/


Evaluate “Ova Prima”• Reliable

– Professional body/research organisation/charity?– URL?

• Verifiable– References?

• Current– Date?

• Objective– Selling something?– Obvious bias?


The verdict

A. The site is well referenced, up-to-date and appears reliable

B. The site looks reliable but is biased towards one opinion

C. Unreliable siteD. Undecided

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The sentence


Reference management software – Endnote/Refworks

Roger Mills


How many references do you expect to accumulate during your research?

A. Less than 100B. 100-500C. 500-1000D. Over 1000

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Answer

• If more than 100 well worth using reference software to organise them

• If over 1000 don’t even think of organising them manually!

• So what does managing my references involve?


Do the Hokey-Cokey

• You put your right arm in,

• You put your right arm out,

• In, out, in, out, shake it all about.

• You do the Hokey Cokey

• And you turn around.

• That’s what it’s all about!


You put your right arm in

Problem:• References come in all shapes and sizes


E-mails

Databases

Alerts

Articles

Library catalogues


It can all get a bit…

overwhelming


You put your right arm out

Problem:

• There are many ‘proper’ different ways of quoting references

• E.g. different journals require different styles


Harvard: • AHERNE, J., SVERDRUP, H., FARRELL, E. P. & CUMMINS, T.

(1998) Application of the SAFE model to a Norway spruce stand at Ballyhooly, Ireland. Forest Ecology and Management, 101, 331-338.

Numbered:• 1. Aherne, J., et al., Application of the SAFE model to a

Norway spruce stand at Ballyhooly, Ireland. Forest Ecology and Management, 1998. 101(1-3): p. 331-338.

Author-date:• Aherne, J., H. Sverdrup, et al. (1998). "Application of the SAFE

model to a Norway spruce stand at Ballyhooly, Ireland." Forest Ecology and Management 101(1-3): 331-338.

Nature:• 1 Julian Aherne, Harald Sverdrup, Edward P Farrell et al.,

Forest Ecology and Management 101 (1-3), 331 (1998).Science:• 1. J. Aherne, H. Sverdrup, E. P. Farrell, T. Cummins, Forest

Ecology and Management 101, 331 (Feb., 1998, 1998).


In, out, in, out, shake it all about

Problem:• Every time you need to change

format, you need to re-type

• Sorting and selecting references takes time


You do the Hokey Cokey

Solution:• Get some specialist software to

do it for you – Reference Management Software

• Then you’ll be dancing for joy…


What is reference management software?

• A software package that allows you to:– Import references from a variety of sources– Edit, sort and share them– Output them in a variety of formats– Select references to incorporate citations in a

word-processed document and format them automatically


What packages are available?

• The University supports:– EndNote (Thomson Scientific)– RefWorks (Proquest-CSA)

• Thomson also produce:– Reference Manager– ProCite

• Which are very similar to EndNote

• LaTeX users may wish to use BibTeX (free)• Also take a look at Zotero (free Firefox add-in)


Do you think you will use reference management software?

A. YesB. NoC. MaybeD. I already use EndNoteE. I already use RefWorksF. I already use another package

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How do I choose?

• EndNote Desktop:– must be installed on your own machine– Costs c.£80 from OUCS Shop

• RefWorks– web-based (in USA)– Use on any machine with internet connection– Free while you are a member of the University

• EndNote on the Web– limited functionality– works best alongside EndNote Desktop– Free while you are a member of the University

• See comparison table of features on handout


EndNote/RefWorks comparisonCompare features:

EndNoteWeb

EndNoteDesktop

RefWorks

Save references + + +

Organize & edit references + + +

Storage capacity (number of references) 10,000 unlimited unlimited

Import from many databases and OPACs + + +

Cite & format papers with bibliographies + + +

Create & save advanced searches + create (not save)

Customize views & displays + +

Edit reference import filters & output styles +RefWorks staff can add or edit import filters on requestUsers can edit output styles

Use term lists for auto-entry + +

Cite tables, figures, & equations + +

Work Offline (anytime/anywhere) + Write papers offline only

Local Personal Files and Documents + +

High Performance Desktop Environment +


And you turn around…


Direct export

Search within

Save & import

Type in/Cut&Paste


Typical record form


Sort options


Automatically-generated bibliographies

.txt, .rtf., .html…


<< Temporary code in { }

Formatted document

<< Bibliography at end

<< Citation in text

Working document


WARNINGIF YOU DO THIS

YOU MUST DO THIS


What do I do next?

• Do the practical exercise on EndNote this afternoon (RefWorks very similar process)

• Courses in EndNote and RefWorks run regularly at OUCS, book online

• Get advice from your subject librarian any time


That’s what it’s all about!

I think the Hokey Cokey is…

• A satire on the Catholic Mass• A description of the reference management

process• I’ll tell you afterwards

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Academic Integrity

Gabriella NettingRadcliffe Science

[email protected]


Academic integrity means honest and responsible scholarship


How do you achieve this?• Know the rules

Academic Integrity in Research: Code of Practice and Procedure http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/ps/staff/codes/air.shtml

Plagiarismhttp://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.shtml

• Keep accurate records

• Incorporate ideas of others without plagiarism

• Find your own style and use appropriate academic writinghttp://www.lang.ox.ac.uk/eas/essentials_ofacwriting2007.html

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/ps/staff/codes/air.shtml

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/ps/staff/codes/air.shtml

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.shtml

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/index.shtml

http://www.lang.ox.ac.uk/eas/essentials_ofacwriting2007.html


What is plagiarism?

• Plagiarism is the copying or paraphrasing of other people’s work or ideas into your own work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under this definition.

• Collusion is another form of plagiarism involving the unauthorised collaboration of students (or others) in a piece of work.


What is plagiarism?• Plagiarism is the copying or paraphrasing of

other people’s work or ideas into your own work without full acknowledgement. All published and unpublished material, whether in manuscript, printed or electronic form, is covered under this definition.

• Collusion is another form of plagiarism involving the unauthorised collaboration of students (or others) in a piece of work.

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/

http://www.admin.ox.ac.uk/epsc/plagiarism/


How do you avoid it?

Always acknowledge

when using someone else’s:

• Ideas, opinions, theory, technical or artistic work, illustrations, electronic information,etc.

• Facts which are not universally known


How do you do it?

• Use direct quotes • Summarise (you express the main idea only)

• Paraphrase (you rewrite something with the intention of making it clearer )

and remember to:

use citations within the text for all three!


Some of the following examples constitute plagiarism, some do not.

University of Leeds:

http://www.ldu.leeds.ac.uk/polls/poll_result.php




Cutting and pasting a paragraph by using some sentences of the original but omitting

others and putting them in different order, no quotation marks, in-text acknowledgement,

inclusion in the reference list.

A. Yes, it is plagiarism.B. No, it is not plagiarism.C. Undecided.

8%

22%

20%A

B

C

D

E

F


Paraphrasing a paragraph with substantial changes in language and organisation, in-text acknowledgement and inclusion in the

reference list.


2%

58%

3%A

B

C

D

E

F


Copying a paragraph and making small changes (e.g. replacing a few verbs, replacing an adjective

with a synonym). The source is given in the

references.


8%

11%

41%A

B

C

D

E

F


Why reference?

• To avoid plagiarism

• As courtesy to the author

• Useful for you and your tutor

• To add credibility

• To show the quality of resources you used


Referencing conventions

• There are many different styles (e.g. Harvard, Turabian, Vancouver, Chicago, MLA, APA etc.)

• Find out which one your are required to use and be consistent throughout


Examples for journal article:

• APA style:Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65.

• Chicago style:Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and

synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (2): 53-65.


Examples for journal article:

• APA style:Wilcox, R. V. (1991). Shifting roles and synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture, 13(2), 53-65.

• Chicago style:Wilcox, Rhonda V. 1991. Shifting roles and

synthetic women in Star trek: The next generation. Studies in Popular Culture 13 (2): 53-65.


Test yourself at:

http://tallcourses.conted.ox.ac.uk/plagiarism/xhtml/Test/Test.html




Current awareness services

Katherine Melling


Have you set up alerts of any kind for your research topic?


2%

36%28%

A B C D E F


Journal Table of Contents Services eg ZETOC


You can save and run your search again in CSA whenever you like or set up search alerts.

Search History

Alerts


Saved alerts in CSA


Citation alerts

Citation alerts


Jiscmail allows you to find mailing lists relevant to your research


Have you heard of RSS feeds?


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23%28%

A B C D E F


RSS feeds• RSS allows you to subscribe to updates from favourite

websites and other e-resources see http://www.intute.ac.uk/rss.html or

http://www.thes.co.uk/rss/• Some databases (Zetoc, Web of Science, Scopus give

option of alerts by RSS feed)• Saves cluttering up your email• To set up RSS feeds you need a reader.• It is simple to subscribe to a free web reader e.g. Google

Reader, Bloglines, My Yahoo!• Refworks will receive RSS feeds

http://www.intute.ac.uk/rss.html

http://www.thes.co.uk/rss/


Google Reader will manage your RSS feeds


Zetoc offers TOC by RSS feed


How much of the presentation on current awareness services was new to

you?

A. AllB. A lotC. A littleD. None 20%

36%

6%

A B C D E F


In conclusion

• We’re here to help• Contact your subject librarian


• Lots of information and guides on the OULS website http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/

• WISER programme see

http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/training


http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/



http://www.ouls.ox.ac.uk/training


Overall how useful have the information skills presentations been for you this

morning?

A. Very useful B. Quite usefulC. Not useful

2%

39%

20%

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