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• IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER• DCN: 21-06-0493-07-0000• Title: Media Independent Handover QOS Framework and

parameters • Date Submitted: March 9, 2006• Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #13 in Denver, Colorado• Authors or Source(s): Nada Golmie, Ulises Olvera, Reijo

Salminen, Mathieu Peresse, Eric Njedjou• Abstract: Description of proposed MIH QoS Metrics and

considerations of interworking with media specific technologies

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IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements• This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group.

It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.

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• The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual <http://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3> and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html> 

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Motivation and objectives• Propose a QOS framework for the MIH including a set of MIH

QOS performance metrics:1. are derived from media and technology specific parameters.2. scale well across different media types3. can be provided as a service to the MIH user (application)

• MIH QOS framework consists of:1. MIH QOS performance metrics (MIH QOSM)2. Primitives to

(a) communicate MIH user (application) QOS requirements to the MIH(b) extract network specific measurements (c) set trigger thresholds for these measurements and (d) report QoS events upon threshold crossing(e) report real-time measurements to the MIH user

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Network QOS Model

Access Network

. . .

IP Network Cloud

DestinationSource

Performance targets for audio and video applications

Table I.1/ITU-T G1010ApplicationQoS Req.

Voice Video

Delay (ms) <150 ms <150 ms

PLoss <3% <1%

Access Network

Net. Perf. Param.

QOS Classes

Class 0 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class4

IPTD 100 ms 400 ms 100 ms 400 ms 1s

IPDV 50 ms 50 ms U U U

IPLR 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-3 1 x 10-3

IPER 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-4 1 x 10-4

Network IP performance objectives

Table 1/ ITU-T Y.1541

No target performance metrics are published

RequirementsStatic parameters

ServicesReal-time parameters

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Network performance measuresa layered approach

TE TE

TE

ER

Terminal Equipment

EdgeRouter

Protocol Stack

LAN

LAN

UNI UNI

UNI User-Network Interface

ERER . . . . . .

IP Network Cloud(may be comprised of Network Sections

belonging to one or more network operators)

ERER ERER ERER ERER ERER

DSTSRC

ANAN

Segment #1

Segment #n

Layer 1Layer 2 Layer 3

Layer 4Layer 5

End-to-end delay = delay AN + delay segment #1+ …+ delay segment#n + delay AN

Layer 1Layer 2

Example of delay calculation at layer 3

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Why do we care about QoS requirements in MIH and in 802.21?

• MIH is supposed to facilitate handovers among heterogeneous network technologies in order to provide seamless mobility and ubiquitous connectivity (“always best connected”)

• Providing seamless mobility has specific performance implications with respect to the application requirements, for example:

• Minimize handover latency so as to minimize the end-to-end delay and meet the application delay requirements

• Minimize the packet loss incurred during a handover so as to minimize the end-to-end packet loss and meet the application packet loss requirements.

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Proposed MIH QOS Framework

PHY

MAC

RSSI, BER, Power level,

Delay, Packet Loss, Delay Variation, Throughput,

Network Layer Throughput, Delay,

Transport Layer Throughput, delay, delay variation

Application Layer

MIH QOS Model (QOSM)

PTDPDVPLRPERThroughput

Extract parameter listSet parameter thresholds

CellularDelay, Packet Loss, Delay Variation, Throughput,

Application QOS Req.MIH QOS parameters reportMIH User

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Proposed MIH QOS Model (QOSM)The MIH QOSM consists of the following performance metrics:

1. Packet Transfer Delay (PTD): upper bound on the mean delay.

2. Packet Delay Variation (PDV): upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile on the PTD minus the minimum IPTD.

3. Packet Loss Ratio (PLR): upper bound on the packet loss probability.

4. Packet Errored Ratio (PER): upper bound on the number of errored packets per total packets sent.

5. Throughput (bits/s): the number of bits successfully received divided by the time it took to transmit them over the medium.

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An example of mapping of MIH User QOS onto MIH QOSM

3GPP UMTS (TS 23.107)-ITU-T (Y.1541)Source: Liaison Statement on Mapping between ITU-T and 3GPP QoS Classes and Traffic Descriptors. Technical Specification Group Services and

System Aspects. Meeting #23, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 15-18 March 2004

Real Time Best EffortConversational

• Preserve time relation (variation) between info entities of the stream• Conversational Pattern (stringent and low delay)

Streaming• Preserve time relationship between info entities of the stream

Interactive• Request/Response pattern• Preserve Payload content

Background• Destination is not expecting data within a certain time• Preserve payload content

• Transfer delay•SDU error ratio

• Transfer delay• SDU error ratio

•Transfer delay• SDU error ratio

•SDU error ratio

Class 0 IPTD≤100 ms, IPDV≤50 msIPLR≤10-3 ms, IPER≤10-4ms

Class 1 IPTD≤400 ms, IPDV≤50 msIPLR≤10-3 ms, IPER≤10-4ms

Class 2IPTD≤400 ms,100 ms, 1

s, IPLR≤10-3 ms, IPER≤10-4ms

Class 3

Class 4

Class 5 Best Effort

3GPP UMTSQoS

Y.1541 QoS Class

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An example for mapping MIH QoSM to media specific real-time parameters

802.21 QoS Metric

ITU-T 1540/1541

IETF NSIS qspec

802.1 - ’AV bridging TG’

802.11 802.16 802.20

PTD IPTD Path Latency TBD (included in draft .1AS PAR)

Delay Bound (.11e)dot11BSSLoadGroup (.11k)QoS Metrics Report (.11k)

Maximum Latency

Max_Latency

PDV IPDV Path Jitter TBD (included in draft .1AS PAR)

Delay Bound (.11e)dot11BSSLoadGroup (.11k)QoS Metrics Report (.11k)

Tolerated Jitter

Max_Jitter

PLR IPLR Packet Loss Ratio

TBD dot11CountersGroup (.11k)QoS Metrics Report (.11k)

N.A. Max_Packet_Loss_Rate

PER IPER Packet Error Ratio

TBD dot11CountersGroup (.11k)QoS Metrics Report (.11k)

Packet Error Rate

N.A.

Throughput N.A. Bandwidth TBD Minimum/Mean/Peak Data Rate (.11e) Maximum

Sustained Traffic Rate

Peak Rate, Bucket Size, Token Rate

Translation ’challenge’ colour codes: Easy Medium Hard

Functions that are mapping the MIH QOSM to media specific parameters is left implementation dependent

fctn

fctn

fctn

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Next steps• Make changes to the 802.21 draft D05• Investigate availability and use of media specific parameters

• informative material or annex added to 802.21 spec.• Work with IETF Next Steps In Signaling (NSIS) Group.

• Establish a liaison with NSIS and ITU-T study group 12 working on network performance objectives for IP-based services.

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Additions and extensions to the 802.21 draft D05

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Proposed MIH QOS Model (QOSM)Propose to add the following QOS performance metrics definition for

characterizing the MIH service in IEEE 802.21 D05 draft on section 5.1.3 QoS in latest 802.21 draft (version 5)

The MIH QOSM consists of the following metrics:

1. Packet Transfer Delay (PTD): upper bound on the mean delay

2. Packet Delay Variation (PDV): upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile on the PTD minus the minimum IPTD.

3. Packet Loss Ratio (PLR): upper bound on the packet loss probability.

4. Packet Errored Ratio (PER): upper bound on the number of errored packets per total packets sent.

5. Throughput (bits/s): the number of bits successfully received divided by the time it took to transmit them over the medium.

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Proposed Link/MIH parameter discovery commands

Propose to add the following MIH/Link commands for discovering link and network specific parameters

Add following command to Table 5, section 6.2.6.2, page 41• Link Parameter Discover: Discover link specific parameters

Add the following command to Table 4, section 6.2.6.1, page 41

• MIH Parameter Discover: Discover higher layers specific parameters

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Proposed Link/MIH parameter discovery primitives (2)

Propose to add the following MIH/Link primitives for discovering link and network specific parameters:

Add following command to Table 14, section 7.2.2.1, page 65• MIH Parameter Discover: Discover higher layer specific parametersAdd the following command to Table 15, section 7.2.2.2, page 65• Link Parameter Discover: Discover link specific parameters

Add the following primitives in section 7: “7.3.20 Link_Parameter_Discover.request”“7.3.21 Link_Parameter_Discover.response”“7.4.16 MIH_Parameter_Discover.request”“7.4.17 MIH_Parameter_Discover.response”

expect potential changes to this sectionsection 7.2.1 lists media dependent SAPs. Additional information found in each of the standards could get

fed into that section. The additional primitives in the media independent sections should address the scalability issue for future standards that we do nothing about today.

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Proposed re-using Link/MIH parameter threshold setting commands

Propose to re-utilize existing commands for setting Link/MIH parameter thresholds.

• MIH Configure Link thresholds:Table 4, section 6.2.6.1, page 41• Link Configure thresholds: Table 5, section 6.2.6..2, page 41

The parameters used in these commands are those discovered by the proposed Link_Parameter_Discover command. The same applies to the MIH_Configure_Thresholds.

Therefore the primitives described in section 7.3.7.2 and 7.4.8.1 need to be changed in order to reflect that.

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Proposed reusing Link/MIH QOS parameters report

Propose to use existing Link/MIH events in order to report MIH QOS parameters to the MIH user:

Table 2, section 6.1.7 page 37: • Link Parameters Change: Link parameters have crossed specified

thresholds

Table 3, section 6.1.8, page 37• MIH Link Parameters Report: Link parameters have crossed specified

threshold and need to be reported.

Check consistency with primitives described in section 7.

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Proposed QoS requirements primitives between the MIH user and the MIH

Propose to add the following primitives to provide the MIH user (application) a standardized interface in order to communicate their QOS needs.

• One primitive using the Command Service:• MIH_Configure_QoS.request/response:

• From MIH user to MIH.• Parameters: Packet Transfer Delay, Packet Delay Variation, Packet Loss

Ratio, Packet Errored Ratio, Throughput, MIH User ID, Mobile Node Address.

• One primitive using the Event Service:• MIH_Configure_QoS.indication:

• From MIH to MIH user• Parameters: Packet Transfer Delay, Packet Delay Variation, Packet Loss

Ratio, Packet Errored Ratio, Throughput, MIH User ID, Mobile Node Address.

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Backup slides

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Useful Performance MetricsBackground slide

ITU-T Y.1541: Network Performance objectives for IP-based services. Metrics defined in ITU-T Y.1540

• IP Packet Transfer Delay (IPTD): upper bound on the mean end-to-end delay (UNI-to-UNI).

• IP Packet Delay Variation (IPDV): upper bound on the 1-10-3 quantile on the IPTD minus the minimum IPTD.

• IP Packet Loss Ratio (IPLR): upper bound on the packet loss probability. • IP Packet Errored Ratio (IPER): upper bound on the number of errored packets

per total packets sent. Other useful measures• Throughput (bits/s): the number of bits successfully received divided by the time

it took to transmit them over the medium

The reason we care about this slide from an MIH perspective is that the MIH is providing a service to the application the same way the network does. Thereforein order to provide a better service to the application, the MIH needs to trackand characterize its functionality/service in terms of how they impact the applicationQOS.

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NSIS layering

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QoS NSLP in a node

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Basic sender- and receiver initiated NSLP operations

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Changing QoS Models in NSLP

RESERVE{QSpec1}

RESERVE{QSpec2, QSpec1}

RESERVE{QSpec2, QSpec1}

RESERVE{QSpec1}

As RESERVE enters the region, the end-to-end reservation is mapped into the local QoS Model, and put on top of QSpec stack. It is then popped off the stack at the egress.