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1 World Population Prospects, United Nations, 2015, https://population.un.org/wpp/Publications/Files/WPP2015_DataBooklet.pdf 2 National Statistics institutes; BCG Analysis 3 Youth, United Nations, https://www.un.org/en/sections/issues-depth/youth-0/index.html 4 Adolescent health in the South-East Asia Region, https://www.who.int/southeastasia/health-topics/adolescent-health; 5 National Youth Policy, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, 2003, https://pib.gov.in/newsite/erelcontent.aspx?relid=519;

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6 National Youth Policy, 2014, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, http://www.rgniyd.gov.in/sites/default/files/pdfs/scheme/nyp_2014.pdf 7 National Programme for Youth and Adolescent Development, Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan, https://nyks.nic.in/schemes/NPYAD-Guidelines.pdf; 8 Youth in India, Central Statistics Office, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, 2017, http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Youth_in_India-2017.pdf 9 India has world’s second largest startup ecosystem, believe youth delegate at ECOSOC Youth Forum, Economic Times, 10/04/2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/india-has-worlds-second-largest-startup-ecosystem-believe-youth-delegate-at-ecosoc-youth-forum/articleshow/68811213.cms

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10 Delivering quality primary education in India: What works?, Prachi Windlass, Michael and Susan Dell Foundation, 17/10/2019, https://www.msdf.org/blog/2019/10/quality-primary-education-india/ 11 12th Annual Status of Education Report, 2017, http://img.asercentre.org/docs/Publications/ASER%20Reports/ASER%202017/aser2017pressreleasenationalenglishfinalrevisedjan23.pdf 12 Educational Statistics at a Glance, Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, 2018, https://mhrd.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/statistics-new/ESAG-2018.pdf 13 Even as Parl Passes Teachers’ Quota Bill, Too Many Vacancies Continue to Plague Secondary & Higher Education, Eram Agha, News18, 3/07/2019, https://www.news18.com/news/india/even-as-parl-passes-teachers-quota-bill-too-many-vacancies-continue-to-plague-secondary-higher-education-2215787.html 14 Calling all organisations: Finding solutions to the secondary education challenge in India, Prachi Windlass, 02/12/2019, https://www.msdf.org/blog/2019/12/secondary-education-challenge-in-india/ 15 Budget 2020: India's Youth Want Jobs, Not Another Speech, Mitali Mukherjee, The Wire, 8/01/2020, https://thewire.in/economy/budget-2020-youth-jobs 16 Budget 2020: India's Youth Want Jobs, Not Another Speech, Mitali Mukherjee, The Wire, 8/01/2020, https://thewire.in/economy/budget-2020-youth-jobs 17 Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf

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18 India is failing its young women in terms of work, CP Chandrasekhar, Jayati Ghosh, The Hindu Business Line, 31/12/2019, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/c-p-chandrasekhar/india-is-failing-its-young-women-in-terms-of-work/article30435400.ece 19 Annual Report, Periodic Labour Force Survey, 2017-18, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, http://www.mospi.gov.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Annual%20Report%2C%20PLFS%202017-18_31052019.pdf 20 India is young, its leaders aren't, Nikhil Rampal, India Today, 30/05/2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/diu/story/india-young-voters-old-mps-lok-sabha-1538175-2019-05-30 21 Why Lok Sabha needs more young faces, Economic Times, 02/04/2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/elections/lok-sabha/india/why-lok-sabha-needs-more-young-faces/articleshow/68597530.cms 22 Youth in India: Prospects and Challenges, Bhanu Joshi and Eesha Kunduri, Centre for Policy Research, 01/07/2017, https://www.cprindia.org/research/reports/youth-india-prospects-and-challenges

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23 Youth and Panchayat: A synergy to promote participation, Participatory Research in Asia, March 2007, https://www.pria.org/knowledge_resource/1547725635_Youth%20and%20panchayat.pdf 24 National Youth Policy, 2014, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Government of India, https://yas.nic.in/sites/default/files/National-Youth-Policy-Document.pdf 25 Sexual health largely neglected, reproductive health not a priority in policy discourse, Kalpana Apte, YourStory, 27/06/2019, https://yourstory.com/socialstory/2019/06/sexual-health-reproductive-health-policy-discourse 26 Sexual Health and Reproductive Health Rights in India, National Human Rights Commission, April 2018, https://nhrc.nic.in/sites/default/files/sexual_health_reproductive_health_rights_SAMA_PLD_2018_01012019_1.pdf 27 Khubchandani, Jagdish, Raman Kumar, and Jeffrey Clark. 2014. "Beyond Controversies: Sexuality Education for Adolescents in India". Journal Of Family Medicine And Primary Care 3 (3): 175. 28 Improvement in Knowledge and Practices of Adolescent Girls, National Institute of Public Cooperation and Child Development, 2014, https://www.nipccd.nic.in/file/reports/eaghealth.pdf

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29 Why is India so bad at sport?, Nyshka Chandran, CNBC, 20/08/2016, https://www.cnbc.com/2016/08/19/lack-of-sporting-culture-institutional-support-and-inequality-blamed-for-indias-poor-olympic-record.html 30 Almost all adolescents in India are malnourished: UNICEF, Neetu Chandra Sharma, Livemint, 31/10/2019, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/almost-all-adolescents-in-india-are-malnourished-unicef-11572524523471.html 31 Almost all adolescents in India are malnourished: UNICEF, Neetu Chandra Sharma, Livemint, 31/10/2019, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/almost-all-adolescents-in-india-are-malnourished-unicef-11572524523471.html 32 Almost all adolescents in India are malnourished: UNICEF, Neetu Chandra Sharma, Livemint, 31/10/2019, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/almost-all-adolescents-in-india-are-malnourished-unicef-11572524523471.html 33 Almost all adolescents in India are malnourished: UNICEF, Neetu Chandra Sharma, Livemint, 31/10/2019, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/almost-all-adolescents-in-india-are-malnourished-unicef-11572524523471.html

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34 A case study of gender responsive budgeting in India, Lekha Chakraborty, The Commonwealth, https://consultations.worldbank.org/sites/default/files/consultation-template/update-world-bank-group-gender-strategy-consultations/submissions/grb_papers_india_updf_final.pdf 35 Fifteen years of gender budgeting in India: A Retrospective, Ashok Lahiri, Ideas for India, 29/10/2019, https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/fifteen-years-of-gender-budgeting-in-india-a-retrospective.html 36 Fifteen years of gender budgeting in India: A Retrospective, Ashok Lahiri, Ideas for India, 29/10/2019, https://www.ideasforindia.in/topics/social-identity/fifteen-years-of-gender-budgeting-in-india-a-retrospective.html

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37 Note: Voice pertains to leadership qualities of the youth and their representation in policymaking and governance

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b.

38 Budget 2020: 9 key announcements for India's youth, Business Today, 01/02/2020, https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget-2020/news/budget-2020-9-key-announcements-for-india-youth-fm-sitharaman-budget-speech-budget-for-education-sector-jobs-employment/story/395251.html 39 Healthcare allocation in Budget 2020 5.7% lower than last budget, PB Jayakumar, 01/02/2020, https://www.businesstoday.in/union-budget-2020/decoding-the-budget/healthcare-allocation-budget-2020-5-7-%-lower-last-budget/story/395265.html

“This is the budget to boost their [the people’s] incomes and enhance their purchasing

power. Only through higher growth we can achieve that and have our youth gainfully and

meaningfully employed……. For today’s youth born at the turn of the century, for every

member of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes who seeks a better life, for every

woman wishing to stand up and get counted, for every individual from the minority

sections of our society – this Budget aims to have your aspirations and hopes

addressed.”

- Excerpt from the Finance Minister’s Speech, Union Budget 2020

14

118,710 (3.9%)

3,042,230

Fig 1: Allocation for youth vs overall budget, 2020-21 (in crores)

Youth schemes allocation Total Budget

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40 Budgeted estimates (BE) are budget allocations announced at the beginning of each financial year basis the announcements made by the Finance Minister and passed by Parliament. Revised Estimates (RE) are mid-year estimates of the projected expenditure until the end of the financial year. Actual Estimates (AE) are audited accounts for expenditure incurred in the year. While BE are available right after the budget, RE and AE become available at later periods. In cases where AE or RE are lesser than BE, it indicates that the government was unable to spend the approved budget on the scheme in question.

1,978,060 2,146,735

2,442,213

2,786,349 3,042,230

81,946 95,246 102,099 112,421 118,710

3.60%

3.70%

3.80%

3.90%

4.00%

4.10%

4.20%

4.30%

4.40%

4.50%

-

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Fig 2: Budgetary focus on youth schemes in the past 5 years

Total budget Budget for youth-focused schemes % of total budget

16

81,946

95,246 102,099

112,421 118,710

84,674

98,098 109,987

113,908

80,381

95,723 95,934

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

2016-17 2017-18 2018-19 2019-20 2020-21

Fig 3: Trends in Budgeted, Revised and Actual spending on youth-focused schemes over the past 5 years

Budgeted Revised Actual

17

66,001

74,432 76,187

87,32293,377

3.34%

3.47%

3.29%

3.24%

3.07%

2.80%

2.90%

3.00%

3.10%

3.20%

3.30%

3.40%

3.50%

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 4. Education: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

43,698 46,884 50,60357,158 61,858

22,30327,548 25,585

30,16431,519

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 5: Education Spending Breakup - Level-wise (in crores)

Primary/Secondary Education Higher Education

18

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41 We have kept employment and skill development as a separate head, and not bucketed skilling with education, mainly to align our framework with the premise of the NYP, 2014. 42 Scheme for Implementation of the Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (SIPDA), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, http://disabilityaffairs.gov.in/content/page/sipda.php

55,245

66,54063,381

40,978 42,6002.80%

3.11%

2.74%

1.52% 1.40%

0.00%

0.50%

1.00%

1.50%

2.00%

2.50%

3.00%

3.50%

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

2016-17(Actual)

2017-18(Actual)

2018-19(Actual)

2019-20(Revised)

2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 6. Employment and Skill development: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

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43 Utilisation of funds allocated and unspent balances under Centrally Sponsored Schemes, Ministry of Rural Development, https://rural.nic.in/sites/default/files/Consolidated.pdf

1,522

2,150

2,653

2,247

2,726

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 7. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana: Trend in spending (in crores)

21

18,337

22,13420,625

24,42226,053

0.93%

1.03%

0.90%0.90%

0.86%

0.75%

0.80%

0.85%

0.90%

0.95%

1.00%

1.05%

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20(Revised)

2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 8. Health: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

22

482451

205

150

250

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 9. SAG: Trend in expenditures (in crores)

23

44 National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS and STI 2017 – 2024, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, 01/12/2017 http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Paving%20the%20Way%20for%20an%20AIDS%2015122017.pdf 45 Reproductive, maternal, newborn, child and adolescent health programme, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, https://main.mohfw.gov.in/sites/default/files/5665895455663325.pdf

6,356

7,640

5,426 5,704 5,703

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 10. RCH Flexipool: Trend in expenditures (in crores)

24

895 937 916

1,354

1,217

0.04% 0.04%0.04%

0.05%

0.04%

0.00%

0.01%

0.02%

0.03%

0.04%

0.05%

0.06%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 11. Community Engagement: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

25

1.

1,3211,459

1,603

2,407 2,432

0.07% 0.07%

0.07%

0.09%

0.08%

0.00%

0.01%

0.02%

0.03%

0.04%

0.05%

0.06%

0.07%

0.08%

0.09%

0.10%

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 12. Sports: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

26

2.

159

349

501

724

1,015

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20(Revised)

2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 13. Khelo India Scheme: Trend in spending in the last 5 years (in crores)

27

11,302

15,557

20,971 22,32423,608

0.57% 0.73%

0.91% 0.83% 0.78%

0.00%

0.10%

0.20%

0.30%

0.40%

0.50%

0.60%

0.70%

0.80%

0.90%

1.00%

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 14. Social Justice/Inclusion: Spending (in crores) vs % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

28

993 1,0481,006

1,523

1,404

0.05%0.05%

0.04%

0.06%0.05%

0.00%

0.01%

0.02%

0.03%

0.04%

0.05%

0.06%

0.07%

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 15. Political Representation: Spending (in crores) and % of total budget

Spending/Estimate % of Total Budget

98

111

89

169

187

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21(Budgeted)

Fig 16. RYSK: Trend in spending (in crores)

29

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Education

Employment

Health

Community Engagement

Sports

Social Justice & Inclusion

Political representation

Fig 17. Snapshot: Theme-wise Allocations (in crores)

2016-17 (Actual) 2017-18 (Actual) 2018-19 (Actual) 2019-20 (Revised) 2020-21 (Budgeted)

30

46 Youth in India, 2017, Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, Government of India, http://mospi.nic.in/sites/default/files/publication_reports/Youth_in_India-2017.pdf

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