2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms 1

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Classes of Microorganism

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Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms

Non-pathogenicNon-pathogenic– normalnormal– do not produce diseasedo not produce disease– beneficial beneficial

PathogenicPathogenic– cause infection and diseasecause infection and disease

May be non-pathogenic in one body system, May be non-pathogenic in one body system, pathogenic in another (E. colipathogenic in another (E. coli))

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AerobicAerobic– requires oxygen to liverequires oxygen to live

AnaerobicAnaerobic– does not require oxygen to livedoes not require oxygen to live

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6 classes of microorganisms6 classes of microorganisms– BacteriaBacteria– ProtozoaProtozoa– FungiFungi– RickettsiaeRickettsiae– VirusesViruses– HelminthsHelminths

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BacteriaBacteria Often considered the causes of Often considered the causes of

diseasedisease Certain bacteria Certain bacteria

– produce antibioticsproduce antibiotics– live in the body without problemslive in the body without problems– live on the roots of certain plants, live on the roots of certain plants,

converting nitrogen into a usable form converting nitrogen into a usable form – help break down dead organic matterhelp break down dead organic matter

Classified by shape and arrangementClassified by shape and arrangement Treated with antibioticsTreated with antibiotics

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BacteriaBacteria– Cocci- Cocci-

round in shaperound in shape– diplococcidiplococci– streptococcistreptococci– staphylococcistaphylococci

Streptococci

Staphylococcal clusters

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BacteriaBacteria– BacilliBacilli

rod shaperod shape– singlesingle– pairspairs– chainschains

may have flagellamay have flagella may form sporesmay form spores

– difficult to treat difficult to treat

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BacteriaBacteria– SpirillaSpirilla

spiral or corkscrew shapespiral or corkscrew shape– vibrio - spirochetevibrio - spirochete

Treponema pallidumCholera

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BacteriaBacteria Some bacteria develop resistance to Some bacteria develop resistance to

antibioticsantibiotics Very difficult to cureVery difficult to cure

– Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)– Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)

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ProtozoaProtozoa– One celled, animal-like organismOne celled, animal-like organism– Contain a nucleus and other defined Contain a nucleus and other defined

organellesorganelles

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FungiFungi– organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but organisms that usually enjoy a symbiotic, but

sometimes parasitic relationship with their host sometimes parasitic relationship with their host – provide numerous drugs and foods provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beerprovide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer– cause a number of plant and animal diseasescause a number of plant and animal diseases– fungal diseases are very difficult to treat fungal diseases are very difficult to treat

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FungiFungi

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RickettsiaeRickettsiae– rod-shaped, parasitic rod-shaped, parasitic

bacteria bacteria – live in the tissues of live in the tissues of

ticks, fleas, and liceticks, fleas, and lice– transmitted to humans transmitted to humans

through bitesthrough bites– invade the new host invade the new host

from withinfrom within

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VirusesViruses– small, infectious agentsmall, infectious agent– requires a host for survivalrequires a host for survival– over 5,000 typesover 5,000 types– can combine in multiple ways to produce a can combine in multiple ways to produce a

wide range of diseaseswide range of diseases– produce immune response in humansproduce immune response in humans– treated with antiviral drugstreated with antiviral drugs

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HelminthsHelminths– Parasitic worm-like organismsParasitic worm-like organisms– Live inside the hostLive inside the host– Feed off their hostFeed off their host– Disrupt nutrient absorptionDisrupt nutrient absorption– Lead to weaknessLead to weakness– Excrete toxins making host Excrete toxins making host

susceptible to other diseasessusceptible to other diseases– Approximately 30 billion people Approximately 30 billion people

globally are infectedglobally are infected

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BacteriaBacteria ProtozoaProtozoa FungiFungi RickettsiaeRickettsiae VirusesViruses HelminthsHelminths

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2.02 Understand infection control procedures Classes of Microorganisms 1