DODD-WALLS CENTREFOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ANNUAL REPORT

DODD-WALLS CENTREFOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Colloidal quantum dots are revolutionising the material industry through their tuneable bight emissions.

The image shows caesium lead halide nanocrystals, CsPbX3 (where X = Cl, Br, I). The image was made by mixing different ratios of CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, together to achieve the desired emission colour under UV excitation (365 nm). These nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching 100% without the core-shell structures usually used in conventional semiconductor nanocrystals. These high photoluminescence efficiencies make these crystals ideal candidates for light-emitting diodes.

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Cover image: Taking DWC research to the Pacific Islands – school children in Lautoka, Fiji

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GIFTING OF A MAORI NAME 2INTRODUCTION 3 Our Mission 3 CollaboratingPartners 3REPORTFROMTHECHAIR 4REPORTFROMTHEDIRECTOR 6RESEARCHTHEMES 8 Theme1a:PhotonicSensorsandImaging 8 Theme1b:PhotonicSourcesand Components 8

Theme2a:QuantumFluidsandGases 9 Theme2b:QuantumManipulationand Information 9

2019RESEARCHHIGHLIGHTS 10 ANewToolfortheInformationAge 10 PhysicsIlluminatingCultureandHeritage 13 AdvancingLongDistanceQuantum Communication 16

ABreakthroughinQuantumFluidsResearch 18 Novelapplicationoflaserultrasoundto boostourprimaryindustries 21

ALUMNIPROFILES 24 DonaldWhite:QuantumCommunication DreamsComeTrue 24

AndrewHilliard:TheFundamentalPhysics ofHelpingBabiesBreathe 26

PetraFersterer:ABoomingCareerintheDataScienceIndustry 28

NeelamHari:NewVisionsandCareer Opportunities 30

SamHitchman:SolvingNewZealand’s IndustryChallengeswithLasers 32

STUDENTPROFILES 34 SoniaMobassem:EmpoweringWomento FollowtheirDreams 34

Fang(Rachel)Ou:AFlourishingCareer inScience 36

MatthewChilcott:Investigatingthe FundamentalBuildingBlocksoftheUniverse 38

AbiThampi:IndiatoNewZealand:Moving WorldswithPhysics 40

DWCRESEARCHEXCELLENCE 42 Investigators 42 ResearchFundingAwards 42

PrizesandPeerRecognition 44 Students 452019CONFERENCEHIGHLIGHTS 46 TheInternationalConferenceonVibrationalSpectroscopy(ICAVS) 46

TheInternationalConferenceonLaser Spectroscopy(ICOLS) 46

TheAsiaPacificConferenceonOptical Sensors(APOS) 47

EDUCATIONALANDPUBLICOUTREACH 48 SelectedHighlightsfrom2019 48INDUSTRYACTIVITIES 55 SelectedHighlightsfrom2019 56VALUECREATIONINTHEDODD-WALLSCENTRE 59 STRATEGIC OUTCOMES 60FACTS AND FIGURES 62 FINANCES 64MEMBERS,GOVERNANCEANDMANAGEMENT 66 DWCBoardMembers 66 Investigators,Managementand Administration 68

PostdoctoralandResearchFellows 69 PhDStudents 70 OtherResearchDegreeStudents 72ORGANISATIONALANDCOMMITTEESTRUCTUREOFTHEDODD-WALLSCENTRE 73COMMITTEEANDTHEMEMEMBERSHIP 74 GovernanceBoard 74 ExecutiveCommittee 74 IndustryAdvisoryBoard 74 EducationOutreachTeam 74 Dodd-WallsCentreManagementTeam 74 ScienceAdvisoryBoard 75 IndustryTeam 75 ScienceTeam 75 Theme1a–PhotonicSensorsand Imaging(PSI) 75

Theme1b–PhotonicSourcesand Components(PSC) 76

Theme2a–QuantumFluidsandGases(QFG) 76 Theme2b–QuantumManipulationand Information(QMI) 76

2019PEER-REVIEWEDJOURNALPUBLICATIONS 77

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GIFTING OF A MAORI NAME

TheDodd-WallsCentrehasbeengiftedtheMāoriname,TeWhaiAo.Thisrepresentsthefirstbeamsofphosphorescentlightthatbreakthroughthedarknessofthenightandheraldthecomingofanewday.ThissayingispartoftheMāoricreationstory,“MaiteKore,kitePō,kiteWhaiAo,kiteAoMārama”,“Fromthenothingnesstothedarknight,totheglimmeroflight,tothebrightlightofday”.Amongotherthings,thephraseisusedtotalkaboutlearning;withsomeonebeinginastateofteKorewhentheyhaveabsolutelynoknowledgeofaparticularsubject,rightthroughthestagesoflearning,tePō,totheinitialearlygraspoftheconcept,teWhaiAo,toenlightenment,teAoMārama.

ThenameTeWhaiAoencapsulatesourresearch,whichisallaboutlightandwhatwecanlearnanddowithlight.ItalsoencapsulateswhatismostimportantaboutourCentre,thegrowthofourpeople.TheprimaryoutcomeofourCentreisintheabilitytoguideourstudentsandallourstaff,youngorold,alongthepathtoenlightenment.Asyouwillreadinourreport,theCentrehas135postgraduatestudentsin2019with34graduatingduringtheyear.Ourgraduatesareamongstthemosthighlyskilled,numerate,computer(programming)literate,articulatepeopleinthecountryandareactivelysoughtbyNZ’sthrivingknowledge-basedcompanies.InthisreportyoucanreadaboutsomeofalumniandtheroleoftheDodd-WallsCentreintheirjourneytodate,youcanalsoreadcontributionsfromsomeofourcurrentstudents.

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INTRODUCTION

HostUniversity

NewZealand’sDodd-WallsCentreisanationalCentreofResearchExcellenceinvolvingsixuniversitiesandisadministrativelyhostedbytheUniversityofOtago.OurresearchfocusesonNewZealand’sacknowledgedstrengthinthefieldsofprecisionatomicandquantumopticalphysics,andsensingapplicationsrangingfromthesizeofsingleatomstocrustal-scalegeologicfeaturessuchastheAlpineFault.

Ourresearchexploresthelimitsofcontrolandmeasurementattheatomicscalethroughtheuseoflaserlight,thegenerationandmanipulationoflightatitsmostfundamental,quantumlevelandtheprocessingandphysicalnatureofinformationinthisquantumrealm.

OurnamehonourstwoNewZealandpioneersinthesefields.JackDodd(1922–2005),knownforthefirstexperimentsofthequantumbeatphenomenonandthetheoreticalexplanation,andDanWalls(1942–1999)whowasaccomplishedacrossquantumoptics,biophotonics,opticalbistability,andwasactiveinthefieldofBose-Einsteincondensation.

Our Mission • tocreatearesearchcentrethatisrecognisedasoneofthe

world’sleadingorganisationsinthefieldofphotonicandquantumtechnologies;

• tobuildupontheacknowledgedstrengthofNewZealandintheareasofnon-linearandquantumopticsandprecisionatomicphysics;

• totrainanddevelopskilledstaffandstudentstothehighestinternationalstandards;

• tohelpdevelopthehigh-techindustrysector,thusensuringeconomicgrowthandcontinuedcareerpathwaysinNewZealand.

Collaborating PartnersTertiary Partners UniversityofOtago(HostInstitution),TheUniversityofAuckland,MasseyUniversity,UniversityofCanterbury,VictoriaUniversityofWellington,andTheUniversityofWaikato

Non-Tertiary Partners CallaghanInnovation,SouthernPhotonics,OtagoMuseum,AucklandUniServicesLimited,andOtagoInnovationLimited.

International Partners CentreforQuantumTechnologies,Singapore;FraunhoferCentreforAppliedPhotonicsandtheUniversityofStrathclyde,U.K.;theJointQuantumInstitute,USA;andtheUniversityofScienceandTechnologyChina.

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REPORT FROM THE CHAIR

InjustsixyearssinceitwasfirstrecognisedbytheTECin2014asaCentreofResearchExcellenceinNewZealand,theDodd-WallsCentrehasbecomeasignificantcontributortoglobalknowledgeofphotonicsandquantumoptics.TherehadbeenastronglegacyofactiveinternationallyimportantresearchinthesefieldsbyNZbasedresearchersstartingwithProfessorsJackDoddsandDanWallsthemselves,butalsocontinuedbytheirstudentsandprotégés.TodaytheCentreistrainingover130graduatestudentsatanytime,graduating30ormoreayear.Many,ifnotmost,ofthesegraduatingstudentshadjobsorfurtherstudylinedupsignificantlypriortocompletingtheirdegrees.Theseareamongstthemosthighlyskilled,numerate,computer(programming)literate,articulatepeopleinthecountryandareactivelysoughtbyNZ’sthrivingknowledge-basedcompanies,andnotjustinthephotonicssector.OurpeoplearethefuelforthehightechnologyengineofNewZealand.Theirabilitytohavefulfilling,meaningfulandfinanciallyrewardingcareersinNZisoneofourmostimportantoutcomes.

Wehavechosenthisyeartousetheannualreporttocelebrateourstudentswithsomestoriesfromourstudents,writtenbythem,abouttheirpathways.Wearealsotakingtheopportunitytoprofilesomeofouralumni.TheCentrehashadanotherbigyearintermsofsciencecontributions.Ourresearchspansthegamutfromfundamentalphysicstotechnologydevelopmentcarriedoutinaresearchenvironmentwhichcelebratesentrepreneurialachievement.Thisyear’sbreakthroughsrangefromdiscoveringhowtomuchmoreeasilychangethefrequencyoflaserlightinadevice,throughhowtotransportquantuminformationfromoneplacetoanotherusingopticalfibres,tounravellingsomeoftheverycuriouspropertiesofquantumsuperfluids.OurappliedplatformsareactiveinfieldsofimmediateimportancetoNewZealandwithprojectsspanningbullspermsorting,locatingblossomsonkiwifruit,andimproveddiagnosisofeyedisease,toimprovedanalysisofearthquakevibrations

TheTECfundingwereceiveisusednotonlytosupporttheresearch,butisalsoappliedtoleveragevariouspublicoutcomesfromtheresearchbethiseducationaloutreachactivityorengagementwithindustry.Wehaveinplaceanarrayofeducationaloutreachprogrammes.Wehelptorunmarae-basedScienceWānangatoeducatestudentsandprovideourownstaffandstudentswithanimmersiveculturalexperience,provideruralscienceoutreachthroughLabinaBox,havehelpedcreateanaward-winningsciencecentreandtravellingmuseumexhibition,tonamebutafewinitiatives.OuroutreachhascontinueditsextensiontotheChathamIslandsandoutintothePacific.

Isolatedacademicshavefewincentivestoexplorethecommercialimplicationsoftheirresearch.ButwithintheCoREweusetheTECfundingtoencourageentrepreneurialengagementwithbusiness.TheDodd-WallsCentrewasfirsttocreateanIndustryAdvisoryBoardalongsideourScienceAdvisoryBoard.Workingwithusproducesresults.ThisisbecausetheDWCprovidesaclearpointofcallforharnessingthebestteaminNewZealandforanythingtodowithlight,photonicsandprecisionmeasurement.AswellasworkingwithestablishedNZindustries,weareusingtheTECfundingtoencourageentrepreneurshipbasedonresearchwithintheCentre.

Wehaveusedthefundingtocreateagrantpoolforourresearcherstodevelopnewideaswithnewcollaborativeideasbeinggivenpriority.Weareconnectedwithkeyindustryplayersandourinteractionswithindustryaremeaningfulandvaluable.AswellasworkingwithestablishedNZindustries,weareusingtheTECfundingtoencourageentrepreneurshipbasedonresearchwithintheCentre.

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G.A. CARNABY | 9 MARCH 2020

Twoindustry-relatedhighlightsfor2019are:

• TechWeekHighlightEventin2019focussingonProfessorCatherSimpson’sjourneyofcommercialisationwithherEngenderSpinout.ThiseventwasopenedbyMinisterWoods,whocongratulatedusonbeingattheforefrontofthesciencewedo,andalsotooktimetocongratulateusaboutourcarersfund,whichlowersbarriersformembersoftheDWCtoengagingincareer-furtheringactivitieslikeconferences.

• WecollaboratedwithMatūFundtocreateaDWCspecificcommercialisationandideationworkshop.

Encouraginganentrepreneurialmind-setissomethingweencourageandsupportforourstudentsandearlycareerresearchers.2019sawthefirstDWC-themedReturnOnScienceInvestmentCommitteemeetingwhereseveralstudentmemberspresentedtheirresearchandgatheredvaluablecareeradvicefromsomeofthesmartestindependentmindsinthecountry.WealsocuratedaseriesofinternshipswiththePrimeMinistersChiefScienceAdvisorsOfficeforthesememberstogainvaluableinsightintotheintersectionofscienceandpolicyatthehighestlevel.

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Inthisreportwehavechosentocoveranumberofstoriesaboutourgraduatestudentsandtheirdestinationsafterleavingus.InmanywaystheseyoungpeopleepitomisewhattheCentreisabout.Theyarethetalentwetrain,thefutureofourscience,ourindustryandoursociety.Wearerightlyproudofthem,proudofthewiderangeoftransferableskillstheyacquirewithus,andproudthatNewZealandandworldwidebusinessesseetheirvalueandseekthemoutasemployees.ToquotePaulBracewell,ManagingDirectorofWellington’sDOT loves data,“WehavefoundthatPhDgraduatesfromthe[Dodd-Walls]Centretendtobewell-roundedteamplayerswhothinkaboutthepracticalaspectsoftheirwork.Thisenablesthemtocreatesmart,pragmaticsolutionsforrealworldproblems.”WelookforwardtosendingyoumorenewemployeessoonPaul.

Tohavesuchgoodstudents,wehavetobedoingworld-class,worldleadingresearch.TheCoREfundingallowsustodothis.Itprovidesthesecurityandstabilitythatenablesourresearcherstotakerisksonlongerterm,highrewardprojects.ThisisreflectedintheincreaseinthenumberofCentrepublicationsinthehighestimpactjournalslikeScienceandNature,andothermorespecialisedjournals.TheincreasedcollaborationthatcomeswiththeCoREalsoleadstohigherresearchimpactandtofurtherfundingsuccess.Forexample,inadditiontotheover$7.5Mofexternalcontractsthatbeganin2019,DWCresearchersledfivesuccessfulfullMarsdenbids,twoMarsdenFast-StartsandfourSmartIdeasprojectsfromMBIE’sEndeavourFund,totallingmorethan$8.9M.DWCresearcherswerealsoAIsontwootherMarsdencontractsledfromoutsidetheCentre.Thisoutstandingresearchtrackrecordallowsustoretainourbrighteststudentsandattracttopqualitytalent,asstudentsandstaff,fromaroundtheworld.

NotonlydothetalentedindividualswetrainthroughthisresearchgooutintoNewZealand’sbusinesses,buttheyareencouragedtothinkaboutthecommercialisationoftheirownideas.Wehadeightnewinventiondisclosuresin2019.Ourindustryteam,withournewBusinessDevelopmentOfficer,ShannonScown,rancommercialisationworkshopsandnumerousotheractivities.HighlightsfromtheyearwouldbeCatherSimpsontalkingaboutherjourneywithhercompany,Engender,frominceptiontoitsacquisitionwhichwasafeaturedhighlightofMay’sTechWeekProgrammeandwasopenedbyHonDrMeganWoods,forwhosecontinuedsupportwearemostgrateful.InSeptemberwealsocontinuedourserieshighlightingtheimportanceofemergingquantumtechnologieswithverypopulartalksinAucklandandChristchurchbyJosePozo,theChiefTechnologyOfficeroftheEuropeanPhotonicsIndustriesConsortium(EPIC)ofwhichtheDWCisamember.Furthermore,inNovemberwelaunchedtheNewZealandNodeoftheGlobalEnvironmentalMeasurementandMonitoring(GEMM)Network–aninitiativeoftheOSAandGSUtohelpimprovedataacquisitionandmonitoringtechnologytoimproveourunderstandingofclimatechange.

CoREfundingalsoallowsustolookbeyondourcurrenthorizonstothefuturethroughoureducationandoutreachprogrammes,fromLabinaBox,toinitiativesinthePacificinpartnershipwithFar from FrozenwiththeOtagoMuseum,supportedbyMFATandMBIE’sCuriousMinds.Asmallselectionofoureducationinitiativesarecapturedinthisreport.I’dlikeheretothankCraigGrant,ourEducationOutreachManagerattheOtagoMuseum,andAndyWang,ouroutreachcoordinatorinAuckland,fortheirsterlingeffortscoordinatingalltheseactivities.

REPORT FROM THE DIRECTOR

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DAVID HUTCHINSON | 26 MARCH 2020

Finally,theveryexistenceoftheCentrehelpsenabletheserendipitous.Acallfromarchaeologist,LeslieVanGelder,ledtoareallyrewardingcollaborationlookingatprehistoriccaveartinthelightitwouldhavebeenseeninbytheartists.Readmoreinthereport,orgotoRadioNewZealand’swebsite.LesliespokewithJessieMulliganonRNZNational’sAfternoons on16thMay,whichistheUNESCOInternationalDayofLight(thenationalcommitteeofwhich,coincidentally,Ihavechairedsinceitsinaugurationin2018).

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THEME 1a: Photonic Sensors and ImagingLeaderJon-Paul Wells, University of Canterbury

Lasersareamongstthemostpowerfultoolsofmodernscience.Inthisthemeweusetheirextraordinarypropertiestosee,hear,smellandfeelfarbeyondthereachofbasichumansenses.Whenyoufirealaseratanobjectthereisatremendousamountofinformationinthelightthatbouncesback–butlaserscanalsosee,withouttouching.Weusedifferentcolours,pulsesandpowersoflaserlighttolearnaboutthedynamicsoftheEarthitself,thestructureandfunctionofbiologicaltissueandeventestEinstein’stheoryofrelativity.

OurexpertiseininterpretingthewaythatlightinteractswithmatterhasledtomanyunexpectedyetfruitfulcollaborationsacrossNewZealandandabroad.Forexample,wearedevelopingsensorstosortbullspermforthedairyindustry,detectbacteriaoncarcasses,gradethequalityofmeat,andlocateblossomsonkiwifruitplants.Weareworkingwithengineersandmedicalresearcherstodeveloptechniquesfordetectingeyedisease,newmethodsformeasuringtheintensityofskinburns,forcesensorsforkeyholesurgeryandhighresolutionopticalsensorstoworkinparallelwithstate-of-the-artX-rayscanners.WeareworkingwithgeophysiciststomeasureearthquakevibrationsandtemperaturedeepwithinNewZealand’sAlpineFaultandmakemeasurementsofEarthrotationthatcancontributetotheinternationaltimekeepingservice.

Oursensingandimagingprojectsareunderpinnedbyastrongfocusontheoryandnumericalmodelling.Ourresearchersareworldrenownedfortheirunderstandingoflaserphysics,spectroscopyandnonlinearoptics–whenlightstopsbehavingaccordingtothenormalrules.Weareabletoexploitsuchnonlineareffectstocreatenovelsensingandimagingtechnologies.

THEME 1b: Photonic Sources and ComponentsLeaderStéphane Coen, The University of Auckland

Theysayworkersareonlyasgoodastheirtools.Thisthemeisaboutdevelopingnewandimprovedlasers,newopticalmaterials,andotheropticaltoolsthatwillopennewfrontiersforresearchandmedicalorindustrialapplications.Weworkincollaborationwiththeotherthreethemestoprovidetoolsthatenhancetheirresearchandprobefurtherintothequantumworld.Thefundamentaltheoriesandnumericalmodelsthatwedeveloparealsousedbytopresearchgroupsacrosstheworld.Weareworld-renownedforourexpertiseinfibrelasersthatareversatile,lightweightandcheaptoproduce.Wedevelopthesetobeusedascutters,sortersandsensorsforawidevarietyofindustrialandscienceapplications.Wearealsowell-knownforourfundamentalresearchinnonlinearopticsandinnonlinear(micro)resonators.Here,weexperimentallyexplorekeynewfundamentaldynamics,devices,andmaterialsthatcouldintimerevolutionisetheinternetandmanyotherfields,suchasopticalfrequencycombsorphotosensitivemolecules.

RESEARCH THEMES

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THEME 2a: Quantum Fluids and GasesLeaderMaarten Hoogerland, University of Auckland

Thequantumrealmisoneofthemostadvancedanduntamedfrontiersofmodernscience.Althoughweknowsomeofthebasicrules,thevastmajorityofquantuminteractionsremainuncharted.Inthisthemeweexplorecoldatomphysics,whichislikeaportaltodirectlyobserveandinteractwithquantumphenomena.Bycoolingatomstojustaboveabsolutezeroandpreciselycontrollingtheirstate,wehavetheabilitytocreateandobservealmostanyquantumeffectthatwecanthinkof.Werunexperimentsanddeveloptheorytoinvestigatequantumphenomenasuchasquantumvortices,superconductivity,andconditionsjustaftertheBigBang.Weareexploitingnewlywonunderstandingsoftheseprocessesandinteractionstodevelopquantumtechnologiessuchasextremelyprecisegravitometersandclocks.Weareworld-renownedforourlegacyinquantumtheoryandhavedevelopedexcellentexperimentalfacilitiesthatareenablingworld-classresults.

THEME 2b: Quantum Manipulation and InformationLeaderHarald Schwefel, University of Otago

Itisonethingtounderstandhowthequantumworldworksyetitrequiresanotherlevelofprecisionandcontroltobuildreliabledevicesandsystemsthatexploitquantumphenomena.Thiskindof‘quantumengineering’isthefocusofthistheme.Throughpreciseobservationandcontroloftheinteractionsbetweensinglephotonsoflightandsingleatomswearecontributingtothedevelopmentofanewgenerationofquantumtechnologies.Ouraimistoexploittheapparentlyweirdaspectsofthequantumworldsuchasquantumsuperposition—theabilityofaquantumparticletoexistinmorethanonestateatonce—andquantumentanglement,whenseveralparticlesbehaveasiftheywereasingleentity.Ourresearchersleadtheworldinisolatingandcontrollingthemotionofsingleatoms.Wecanmoveatomsaroundwithlaserlightandputthemtogethertocreatecompletelynewmolecules,andconductultra-preciseexperiments.

Ourresearchiscontributingtothedevelopmentofquantumcomputerscapableofrapidlysolvingextremelycomplexproblems.Wearelookingatnovelwaysofcreatingqubits,thefundamentalprocessingunitsforquantumcomputers,anddevelopingsolutionsforquantummemoryandquantumdebugging.Quantumcommunicationisthefocusofseveralprojects:weareworkingonatechniquetoenablecommunicationbetweenquantumcomputersoverlargedistances.Thisinvolvestranslatingsinglemicrowavephotons,whichquantumcomputersoperateon,toopticalphotons,whichareeasilytransporteddownopticalfibres.Wearealsocontributingtothefundamentaltheorybehindquantumcommunicationnetworksandquantummeasurement.

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Aningeniousnewdeviceforchangingthefrequencyoflaserlightcouldleadtonewmethodsfordiagnosingdiseasesanddetectingmethaneandcarbondioxideintheair.Thisground-breakingresultisthefruitionofmanyyearsofcollaborationbetweenDodd-WallsCentrePrincipalInvestigatorsStuartMurdoch,MiroErkintalo,andStéphaneCoenattheUniversityofAucklandandHaraldSchwefelattheUniversityofOtago.TheirworkwasrecentlypublishedintheprestigiousjournalNature Photonics.

Lasersaretheprimarytoolsoftheinformationage.Everyemailandphonecallisencodedintodataandsentaroundtheworldusinglasers.Lasersareusedtodetectdiseases,chemicals,gases,pressure,vibrationandforce.Theyareusedtoperformsurgeryandforprecisionengineering.Eachfrequencyorcolouroflaserlightislikeadifferentsizedspannersuitedtoadifferentjob.Theproblemisthatsomefrequenciesoflaserlightaremissingfromourtoolbox.Frequenciesinthemid-infrared,forexample,areneededtodetectmanydiseasesandgases,butareverydifficulttoproduce.

TheDWCteamhavecreatedasimple,inexpensiveandefficienttechniquefortransforminglaserlightfromonecolourtoanother.Thiswillfillsomeoftheimportantgapsinthelasertoolbox.

“Atthisstagewearefocusedonproducingfrequenciesinthemid-infrared,whichhaveveryimportantuses,”saysMiro.“Thedreamistobeabletoproduceanycolour.”

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2019 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS

Theresearchteaminthelaboratory (fromleft:MiroErkintalo,VincentNg,StuartMurdochandNoelSayson). Absent:StéphaneCoen.

A New Tool for the Information Age

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Itisverydifficulttochangethecolouroflaserlight.Youcanchangeitsbrightnessordirectionbutchangingitscolourislikechangingitsfundamentalpersonality.Itonlyhappensunderextremelyintenseconditions.

Therearecommercialdevicesavailablethatachievethis,buttheytendtobeexpensiveandbulky.ThenewdevicedevelopedbytheDWCteamischeap,simple,andtiny.Itcentresonadiskofmagnesiumfluoridecrystalcalledamicroresonator,whichismorethantwentytimessmallerthanaNewZealandtencentcoin.Whenlaserlightisfedintothisdiskitgetstrappedinside,buildingtoanintensitythatforcesthelighttochangecolour.

ThisrecentbreakthroughistheculminationofdecadesofpioneeringresearchatTheUniversityofAuckland.In2003Dodd-WallsPrincipalInvestigatorsJohnHarvey,RainerLeonhardt,andStéphaneCoendiscoveredhowtoconvertasinglelaserbeamintosidebandsofdifferentcoloursusingaspecialkindofopticalfibre-abigbreakthroughatthetime.In2010StuartMurdochtooktheleadinbuildinglargeloopsofopticalfibrewherelaserlightcouldresonateandbuildinintensity.ThesefibreloopsimprovedtheefficiencyoftheprocessgreatlyandtheAucklandteamachievedseveralworldrecordresults.Butwhenitcametopracticalapplicationstheselargeloopsrequiredtoomuchpowertorunandwereunabletogeneratemid-infraredfrequencies.

“Ourmagnesiumfluoridemicroresonatorshaveovercomealltheseissues,”Mirosays.“Theyareverysmallandveryefficientandallowforthegenerationofamuchwiderrangeoffrequencies.”

TheAucklandteamfirstgotseriouslyinterestedinmicroresonatorsaround2012.Theinternationalcommunitywasbuzzingwiththepotentialtousethemtosimultaneouslygeneratemanynewcoloursoflaserlight–so-calledopticalfrequencycombs.Butintheabsenceofareliabletheoreticalmodel,theywerestrugglingtodescribetheunderlyingphysics.ItwasStéphaneandMirowhofoundthesolution.Theyrealisedthatthetheoreticaltechniquestheyhaddevelopedforlarge-scalefibreloopscouldalsoworkformicroresonators.Andindeedtheydid!Eventhoughmicroresonatorsaremuchsmallertheprinciplesarethesame.Theirfindingswereaninternationalhit,andtheirmodelswerequicklyadoptedbynumerousresearchgroupsaroundtheworld.Nowtheirtheoriesunderpinmanymicroresonatortechnologies.

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" THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL IS HUGE. NEXT, THE TEAM PLANS TO DEVELOP SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS LIKE SENSITIVE LOW COST MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS AND GAS DETECTORS WHICH COULD BE PRODUCED RIGHT HERE IN NEW ZEALAND AND EXPORTED AROUND THE WORLD."

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Theinsightunderlyingtheteam’srecentNaturePhotonicspapercamedirectlyfromStuart’spioneeringworkwithopticalfibresadecadeago.Butgoingfrominsighttolaboratoryrealisationwasnowalkinthepark.IttookseveralyearstosetupthenecessaryexperimentalplatformstoachievethedemonstrationandStuarthastrainedmanystudentsintheprocess.AnessentialcontributionwasalsoprovidedbyHaraldSchwefel,whojoinedtheUniversityofOtagoin2012andbroughthisworld-leadingexpertiseinmicroresonatorfabricationtoNewZealand.Itwasaperfectmatch.WithStuart’smasterfulexperimentalworkandHarald’smicroresonators,theteamhavedeliveredtopresults.

Nowallthoseyearsoffundamentalresearchareblossomingintoworld-changingapplications.Thecommercialpotentialishuge.Next,theteamplanstodevelopspecificapplicationslikesensitivelowcostmedicaldiagnostictoolsandgasdetectorswhichcouldbeproducedrighthereinNewZealandandexportedaroundtheworld.

Theprojecthasgivenstudentsinvaluableskillsinelectronics,devicedevelopmentandcomputermodelling.HavingthesupportoftheDodd-WallsCentrehasbeenessentialforfundingequipment,providingstudentsandcreatingaframeworkthatmakescollaborationeasyandenjoyable.

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Thedevicedevelopedbytheteam.

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AttheUniversityofOtago,ateamofDodd-WallsCentrephysicistsandproductdevelopersarehelpingtoshedlightonthelivesofancientpeopleandhowtheycreatedcaveart.Incollaborationwitharchaeologists,deerstalkers,abutcherandacraftspersontheyhavecreatedmodernlampstomimictheflickeringtorchlightthatpaleolithiccaveartistsworkedbymanythousandsofyearsago.

Theproject,madepossiblebyDodd-WallsCentrefunding,illustrateshowalittleknowledgeofPhysicscanenrichotherfieldsofdiscovery.Itshowsthebenefitsofhavingindustryexpertsandaproductdevelopmentlabtotransformanideaintoarobustproductwithinatightdeadline.

AtthecentreofthiscollaborationisLeslieVanGelder,awell-knownAmericanarchaeologist,wholivesinGlenorchy,nearQueenstown.Leslieisaworld-expert incave-artandhasworkedincavesacrossEurope andAustralia.

TheancientpeopleofEuropeusedlampsmadeofanimalfattotrekdeepintocavesandcreateimagesofhorses,bisonandreindeer.Theflickeringshadowsonthecurvedcavewallsgavethemanillusionofvolumeandlifeandthecoloursappearedinky-richanddeep.Butinthepastfewdecades,openflameshavebeenbannedinheritagecavesitesandreplacedbyLEDs.

“TheflatgreyandwhitelightofthetorchesmadewithLEDsfeelsalmostclinicalandrobstheanimalsoftheirwarmcoloursandshadows,”Lesliesays.

AconversationwithacaveguideinEuropegaveLeslietheideaforcreatingnewlampstomimicthecolour,flicker,andbrightnessoftheancientones.Thiswouldgiveamoreauthenticexperienceofthecavesandhelptoanswerimportantresearchquestionsabouthowpeoplemovedthroughthecavesandcreatedtheart.

AninternetsearchledLeslietotheDodd-WallsCentre.

“IwrotetotheDirectorDavidHutchinsonandherepliedstraightaway,”shesays.“Iwasn’texpectingittobethateasy!”

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LeslieVanGelder.

Physics Illuminating Culture and Heritage

" THE FLAT GREY AND WHITE LIGHT OF THE TORCHES MADE WITH LEDS FEELS ALMOST CLINICAL AND ROBS THE ANIMALS OF THEIR WARM COLOURS AND SHADOWS."

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ProfessorHutchinsonputLeslieintouchwithPrincipalInvestigatorHaraldSchwefel,alaserPhysicsexpertattheUniversityofOtago.

“Icouldseethatitwouldbequitestraight-forwardandinexpensiveforustoprovideasolution,”saysHarald.“IalsothoughtImightgetthechancetovisitaprehistoriccaveifIprovidealamp!”

Lesliesourcedanimalfatfromalocaldeerstalkerandabutchertomimicthereindeerandbisontallowusedinancienttimes.Sheworkedwithalocalsculptortofashionastonebasetoholdthefat.ShepresentedtheselampstoHaraldandtheDodd-Wallsteamsotheycouldcreateamodernequivalent.

“TheyaskedmeforawishlistofallthethingsIwantedthelamptodo,”Leslieexplains.“It’sincrediblyhardtofindfundinginthearchaeologycommunity,”Lesliesays.“Thiswaslikehavingafairygodfather.”

HaraldbroughtintwoPhDstudentsasconsultantsandasummerstudentTimothyMarshall,whoworkedwiththeDodd-WallsCentreIndustryManager,LukeTaylor.TheyworkedintheDodd-WallsCentre’sDevelopmentlabattheUniversityofOtago–auniquefacilitysetupbyLuketoturnresearchideasintoearly-prototypedevices.

ForTim,workinginthisfacilitywasthehighlightoftheproject.

“TheDWCDevelopmentLabalongwiththeelectronicsandphysicsworkshopsaresuchavaluableR&Dresource,”Timsays.“Wecanjustimaginesomethingandthengoandtryitout.Noplanningmeetingsorbureaucracy.That’squiterarearounduniversities.IlearntsomuchfromworkingwithLuke.Iwouldoccasionallygetlostinallthepossibilities,butLukecutthroughtostreamlinetheprocess.”

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Theteamdiscussingthelampstheydeveloped(fromleft:LukeTaylor,HaraldSchwefel,TimothyMarshall).

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“Theirteamdidanamazingjob,”Lesliesays.“AsuitcasearrivedformeinGlenorchywithsixbeautifullamps.Theglassforthemhadbeenhandblownbythechemistrydepartment’sglassblower,thebodiesofeachlampmimickedstonefromdifferentpartsoftheworldandtheyhadthirteendifferentintensityandflickerpatternsthatIcouldchangewiththeflickofabutton.”

LeslietookthelampstoacavewhereshewasworkinginAustralia.Therewasanalmostaudiblesilencewhentheteamofscientists,archaeologistsandindigenouslandownersenteredthecavelitbythenewlamps.

“Itwasverymovingtoseethecaveintheflickeringwarmlight,”Lesliesays.

Thisisjustthebeginningofthecollaboration.Havingdiscoveredanancientfire-stickintheAustralian

cave,LesliehopestoworkwithHaraldandtheteamalongsidethelocalAboriginalcommunitytodevelopanewlamptomimicitslight.

ThearchaeologycommunityhavebeeninspiredbytheprojectwhichHaraldandLesliepresentedatanationalconferenceforconservationofconservationmaterialsinOctober.

“Somearchaeologiststoldmeitrestoredtheirfaithinarchaeology,”Lesliesays.

LesliewasrecentlyinvitedtojoinateamworkingintheLotValleyofFrancewhohavebeenworkingwithNamibiantrackerstoidentifysomeofthefootprintsfoundinthecaveduringtheMagdalenianepoch. Sheistakingwithheraboxofthenewlampstoshowtheteamwhatthisnewlightcanshedonthoseancientquestions.

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" THE PROJECT, MADE POSSIBLE BY DODD-WALLS CENTRE FUNDING, ILLUSTRATES HOW A LITTLE KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICS CAN ENRICH OTHER FIELDS OF DISCOVERY. IT SHOWS THE BENEFITS OF HAVING INDUSTRY EXPERTS AND A PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT LAB TO TRANSFORM AN IDEA INTO A ROBUST PRODUCT WITHIN A TIGHT DEADLINE."

ThelampilluminatingtheAustraliancave.

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AcollaborationbetweenresearchersatTheUniversityofAucklandandWasedaUniversityinTokyoisdeliveringbreakthroughresultsinquantumtechnology.Normallythemind-bogglingpropertiesofquantumphysicscanonlybeseenatthetinyscaleofatoms.Butherewefindquantumentanglementspreadacrossalabbench.

IntheirrecentpaperpublishedinNature Communications,PrincipalInvestigatorScottParkinsandhisJapanesecollaboratorTakaoAokipresentapotentialsolutiontooneofthebiggestbarrierstotheglobaldevelopmentofquantumcomputing–howtotransportquantuminformationfromoneplacetoanother.Today’smostadvancedquantumcomputingsystemsonlyworkinsideultra-coldrefrigeratorsandthereisnoeasywaytoextractquantuminformationorconnectquantumcomputingunits.Justas

conventionalcomputersneedtheinternet,quantumcomputerswillneedawayofconnecting.

ScottandTakaohavedemonstratedanearly-stagequantumcomputingnetworkmadefromopticalfibres.Inthefuturethiscouldleadtolargescalenetworksofquantumcomputersthatwouldintegrateeasilywithcurrenttelecommunicationsnetworks.

Intheirexperiment,atomsseparatedbymorethanametrecommunicatewitheachothervialighttravellingdownopticalfibres.Thisisanexampleofquantumentanglement,oneofthecharacteristicallybizarrepropertiesofquantumphysics,wheredistantobjectsinstantaneouslyaffecteachother’sbehaviour.Takao’sexperimentisthefirstdemonstrationofcoherentquantumentanglementoveralongdistancewheretheatomscommunicatebackandforthwitheachother.

16

MaartenHoogerland(left)andScottParkinsinthelaboratory.

Advancing Long Distance Quantum Communication

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Thecollaborationrepresentsthefruitsofmanydecadesofresearch.ScottParkinsbeganhiscareerwithDanWalls,namesakeoftheDodd-WallsCentre(DWC),andhelpedtogrowthefieldoftheoreticalquantumopticsinNewZealandwhichisnowworld-renowned.WithDWCsupportScotthasbeenabletobuildonthislegacytodevelopanetworkofworldclasscollaborations.

“Ittakesalottodevelopasuccessfulcollaboration,”Scottsays.“Youmeetlotsofpeopleasaresearcherandideasoftenpopup.Takingitbeyondanideaisthedifficultpart.Beingabletoseeeachotherregularlyisahugehelp.ThesupportoftheDodd-WallsCentrehasmadeiteasyforTakaoandItovisiteachotherregularlyandformetosendstudentstoworkinhislab.IthasenabledamajorinfluxofPhDstudentsandpostdocsandhashelpedbringustogether.”

DWCPrincipalInvestigatorMaartenHoogerland(featuredinthe2018AnnualReport)isnowcollaboratingwithScottandTakao,andthreeDWCalumnihavejoinedTakao’sgroupatWasedaUniversity(youcanreadmoreaboutoneofthesegraduates,DonaldWhite,intheAlumniStoriesonpage24).

Scottisanexpertatcreatingaccuratecomputermodelstoexplaincomplexquantumsystems.Duetotheentanglementofalltheparts,quantumsystemsareincrediblycomplex.Amodeltoexplaintheinteractionofjustafewatomswithlightcanoverloadaconventionalcomputer.OvertheyearsScottandhisteamhavedevelopedclevertrickstogetaroundthisproblem.TheyusedtheirexpertisetounderstandandguideTakao’sexperiments.

Takao,anexperimentalphysicist,hasdevelopedaningeniousmethodtogetatomsandlighttocommunicate.Atthecentreoftheexperimentisalengthofopticalfibrejustlikethefibreusedtoconnecttheinternet.Ateachendhestretchesasmallsectionofthefibresoitnarrowstolessthanthewavelengthoflight.Heuseslaserstosuspendultra-coldatomsinthegroovesnexttothenarrow

sectionssothatlightwithinthefibreseepsoutthesideandbathestheatoms.Inthiswaythelightandatomsbecomeentangled,sothatanychangetooneinstantaneouslyaffectstheother.Takaohasfiguredoutawayofincreasingtheintensityoflightandimprovingthecommunicationbybuildingmirrorsintothefibrethatreflectlightbackandforth.

“Inthefuturethesecomponentscouldformthebasisfora“quantuminternet”,”Scottexplains.“withnetworksoftrappedsingleatomslinkedoverlargedistancesbyopticalfibres.”

Anotherexcitingpotentialapplicationforthenewtechnologyistophysicallyconstructmodelstoinvestigatequantumsystemswhicharecurrentlytoocomplextosimulateonacomputersuchasphotosynthesis.

“Fordecadesresearchershavepuzzledoverhowplantsconvertsunlightsoefficientlyintochemicalenergyfortheplant,”Scottsays.“Sometheoriessuggestthatquantummechanicsplaysaroleinhowenergyistransportedfromonelocationtoanotherwithinplantproteins.Buttheprocessistoocomplextosimulateonacomputersonobodyhasbeenabletotestthetheory.Usingthistechnologyyoucouldpotentiallysimulateaplantproteinwithatomsconnectedbyopticalfibresandinteractingvialight.”

Thesemodelscouldhelpusunderstandthequantumpropertiesofallkindsofmaterialsandprocessesfromphotosynthesistosuperconductors.Itwouldgiveusanewwindowintothequantumworldleadingtoadvancesinmedicine,sustainableenergy,materialdesignandmany,manyotherfields.

InthemoreimmediatefutureScottwillcontinuehiscollaborationwithTakaoandMaarten.Nexthewantstoexplorewhathappensoverlongerdistanceswhenthefinitespeedoflightdownthefibrebecomesasignificantfactor.Creatingamodelforthiswilltaketheinternationalcommunityastepclosertoalargescalequantumcomputingnetwork.

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" THE SUPPORT OF THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE HAS MADE IT EASY FOR TAKAO AND I TO VISIT EACH OTHER REGULARLY AND FOR ME TO SEND STUDENTS TO WORK IN HIS LAB. IT HAS ENABLED A MAJOR INFLUX OF PHD STUDENTS AND POSTDOCS AND HAS HELPED BRING US TOGETHER."

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Thequantumworldisoneofthemostexcitingandunchartedfrontiersofhumanunderstanding.Itpromisesarevolutioninnewtechnologiesbutisextremelydifficulttoaccess.Intheirrecentpaper,publishedinthetopjournalScience,Dodd-WallsCentrePrincipalInvestigatorAshtonBradleyandhiscollaboratorsatQueenslandUniversityhavedemonstratedabreakthroughexperimentwhichopensupawholenewfieldofquantumresearch.

AshtonBradleyisaworld-expertinthetheoryofquantumfluids,auniquestateofmattermadebycoolingatomstojustaboveabsolutezero-colderthananywhereintheknownuniverse.Atthesetemperaturestheatomsstopjigglingaroundandbecome“quantumentangled”,behavingmorelikeasinglewavethanacollectionofseparateparticles.Normally,thestrangelawsofquantumphysicscanonlybeobservedattheminutescaleofatomsandmolecules.Butinasuperfluid,quantumeffectscanbeseenandinteractedwithatmuchlargerscalesinthelab.Thismakesthemaperfecttestgroundforresearchers.

Theequationsthatdescribequantumsystemsaresocomplexthatyouonlyneedtwoorthreeatomsbeforetheproblembecomestoobigtosolveonanordinarycomputer.Sopredictingthebehaviourofamillionatomsinasuperfluidisincrediblydifficult.Ashtonandhisteamhavedevisedclevertrickstogetaroundthisproblem.

WiththeorysupportfromAshton’sgroup,theexperimentalteamatQueenslandUniversitywasabletodemonstrateaphenomenonpredictedseventyyearsago.

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" WITH THEORY SUPPORT FROM ASHTON’S GROUP, THE EXPERIMENTAL TEAM AT QUEENSLAND UNIVERSITY WAS ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE A PHENOMENON PREDICTED SEVENTY YEARS AGO."

A Breakthrough in Quantum Fluids Research

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In1949theNorwegianphysicistLarsOnsagerdidnothavethetechnologytomakeasuperfluidoracomputermodeltohelphimunderstandthem.Usingonlyclevermathematics,hemanagedtodescribethebehaviouroftinywhirl-poolsorvorticesgeneratedbystirringasuperfluid.Hepredictedthatifyouconfinedthesuperfluidtoatwo-dimensionalarea(averyshallowpool)thenthewhirlpoolswouldsortthemselvesintotwoclustersdependingonthedirectiontheywerespinning.Heposedthatasmoreenergywasadded,thevorticeswouldclustertighterandtighteruntiltheylayontopofeachother.Theywouldkeeponspinningindefinitelyinthatformation.

Onsagerdescribedthisstateas“negativetemperature”.Atfirstglanceitseemsasstrangeaswaterrunninguphill.Normallymany-bodysystemslikethisgetmorechaoticasenergyisadded.Inthiscaseitistheopposite.Thevorticeshavenowheretoescapeandareforcedintoamoreandmoreorderlyformationasenergyisadded.

Onsager’spredictionhasfascinatedscientistseversince.Butuntilnownobodyhasbeenabletodemonstrateit.In2016,AshtonandhisPhDstudentMattReevescarriedoutsomecomputersimulationsthatsuggesteditmightfinallybepossible.TogetherwithvortextheoristandDodd-WallsResearchFellowDrXiaoquanYu,theycontactedtheexperimentalgroupattheUniversityofQueenslandledbyDrTylerNeelyandstruckupacollaboration.

Therewereacoupleoffactorsthatenabledtheirsuccess.OnewasamethodAshtonandMattdevisedforgeneratingvorticesbyusinglaserbeamsastinysticksandpaddlestostirthesuperfluid.Vorticesforminthewakeofthelaserbeamsjustaswhirlpoolsformdownstreamfromarockinariver.Byexploringdifferentstirringpatterns,Mattworkedouthowtopreciselycontroltheenergyofthevortices,andcreatethehighenergystatespredictedbyOnsager.

TheothersecrettotheirsuccesswasaningeniousnewlasersystemdevelopedbytheQueenslandUniversitygrouptopreciselycontroltheshapeanddensityofasuperfluid.Inthepastithasbeenextremelydifficulttocontrolthedensityofsuperfluidswhichhasbeenamajorlimitingfactorinquantumfluidsresearch.Inmostexperimentsthedensitytapersoffaroundtheedgesandthevorticesjustfallouttheside–it’sliketryingtobowlonaslopinglawn.FortheirrecentexperimenttheQueenslandteamcreatedaperfectlyeventwo-dimensionalpoolintheshapeofanellipse-anidealstagefor“thelittlevorticeswhowantedtoplay”asOnsagerwhimsicallymused.

19

AshtonBradley.

MattReeves.

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NowthattheyhavesuccessfullydemonstratedOnsager’sprediction,awholeraftofnewexperimentsarepossible.Withproventechnologyabletocontrolsuperfluidswithgreatprecision,researcherscannowexplorearichlandscapeofturbulent,high-energysuperfluiddynamics.

Turbulenceissomethingweareallfamiliarwith.Weobserveitinriverwaterflowingaroundrocks,insmokewhenitsuddenlyspreadsoutandcurls,andinrollingthunderclouds.Itisveryimportantforindustrialandengineeringapplicationsasanysysteminvolvingmovinggasesorliquidsisaffectedbyturbulence.Despiteitbeingsocommonandsignificant,turbulenceisextremelydifficulttomodelorpredict.Thisisbecauseitinvolvesthingshappeningonvastlydifferentscales allatonce.

Thiscollaborativeresearchprojectshedsnewlightonthisage-oldproblem.Insomewaysquantumturbulenceisactuallysimplertomodelthanclassicalturbulence.Thereisnoviscosityorstickinessandthevorticesarelocatedatsinglepointsinspaceratherthanbeingspreadoutlikelittlewhirlpools.Theunderstandinggainedfromquantumfluidexperimentscouldinformmoreaccurateandlongerrangeweatherpredictions.ItcouldleadtomoreefficientindustrialhydraulicandcoolingsystemsandmightevenimproveourunderstandingofJupiter’sGreatRedSpot,agiantstormthathasbeenragingforcenturies.

Intimethebreakthroughcouldleadtonewandcurrentlyunimaginablequantumtechnologies.Inparticular,thenegativetemperaturephenomenoncouldprovideawaytorecover energyfromturbulentflowsthatwouldotherwisebelostthroughdissipation.

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" ONSAGER’S PREDICTION HAS FASCINATED SCIENTISTS EVER SINCE. BUT UNTIL NOW NOBODY HAS BEEN ABLE TO DEMONSTRATE IT. IN 2016, ASHTON AND HIS PHD STUDENT MATT REEVES CARRIED OUT SOME COMPUTER SIMULATIONS THAT SUGGESTED IT MIGHT FINALLY BE POSSIBLE."

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ForestryisoneofNewZealand’sfastestgrowingexportindustrieswiththesurfaceareaofexoticforestincreasingmorethananyotherland-useinthepasttwentyyears.Thewoodinthesetreesrepresentsourfutureprosperity.Butthewealthwederivefromthemdependsonhowweprocessthem.AningenioustechniquedevelopedinthePhysicalAcousticsLabatTheUniversityofAucklandcouldimprovetheprofitabilityofNewZealandforestrybymakingiteasytoselecthighqualitytimbertosellforpremiumprices.

Thehigherthequalityofwood,themoreyoucanchargeforit.Higherqualitybeamscanbeusedasstructuralelementsinbuildingsinsteadofconcreteorexpensivelaminatedwoodproducts.Butdue

tothedifficultyofmakingpreciseandaccuratemeasurementsmostNewZealandtimbermillscannotmeasurethestrengthofallplanks.Fortheplankstheydomeasure,anestimateofstrengthismadeacrosstheentireboard.Asaresult,alotofhigherqualitytimberendsupinlower-gradedbatches.

TheAucklandteam’snewtechnologywouldmeasurestrengtheveryfewcentimetresdowneveryplankasitexitsthemill.Thiswouldmakeiteasytoselecthighqualityplanks,orevendefinesectionsofplankstobesoldforhigherprices.ThegrouphasbeenworkingwithLukeTaylorandtheDodd-WallsCentre’sindustryteamtodevelopaprototypedevicesuitedtothedirty,noisyenvironmentofatimbermill.

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Woodreadyforanalysis.

Novel application of laser ultrasound to boost our primary industries

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Dodd-WallsCentrePrincipalInvestigatorKaspervanWijk,wholeadsthePhysicalAcousticsLab,isageophysicistbytraining.Thelaserultrasoundtechnologyisinspiredbytechniquesusedtostudyearthquakes.Itusespulsesoflaserlighttogeneratetinyvibrational‘quakes’inthewood.Thesoundwavesfromthesemini‘quakes’aremeasuredwithanotherlaser,calledalaserDopplervibrometer.Thesystemproducesapictureofthewood’squalityandinternalstructureandiscompletelynon-contacting.

“Iconsidermyselfaseismologist,”Kaspersays.“We’rebasicallydoingseismologyonsmallobjectsinthelab.”

Kasper,Lukeandtheteamareexploringthepossibilityofincorporatingtheirtechnologyintoportabledevicestouseonlivingtrees.

“Wewouldliketomeasurethequalityandsizeofringswithoutchoppingintothem,”Kaspersays.

Aportabledevicewouldalsobeusefultoclimatechangeresearchers.

“Theringsizeoftreesdependsontheclimate,”Kasperexplains,“sothistechniquecouldbeusedonoldtreestogaininsightsintopastclimates.”

InMarch2019Kasperandhisteampublishedanewalgorithm1toworkoutthestrengthofwoodatdifferentanglestothegrain.Timberisoneofthemostanisotropicmaterials,whichmeansitsstrengthvariesgreatlydependingontheangleatwhichthewoodiscut.UsinglaserultrasoundKasper’steamdiscoveredthatthealgorithminuseforthirtyyearswasflawed.

“Wegotsuchprecisemeasurementsthatwewereabletoseesystematicproblems,”Kaspersays.“Wefiguredoutanewmodelthatfitsthedatabetterthananyonebeforeus.That’sourscientificcontribution.”

Oneofthebrilliantthingsaboutthelaserultrasoundtechniqueisthatyoucanuseitonalmostanything.Kasper’steamismeasuringtheinternalstructureofrockandtheannuallayeringoficecores.TheyaredevelopingmedicalimagingtechniquestoseeinsideboneandarteriesandworkingwithNewZealand’sfruitindustrytomeasurethecrispnessandripenessofapples2 andotherfruits.

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" AN INGENIOUS TECHNIQUE DEVELOPED IN THE PHYSICAL ACOUSTICS LAB AT THE UNIVERSITY OF AUCKLAND COULD IMPROVE THE PROFITABILITY OF NEW ZEALAND FORESTRY BY MAKING IT EASY TO SELECT HIGH QUALITY TIMBER TO SELL FOR PREMIUM PRICES."

1. van Wijk, K., Simpson, J., and Hitchman, S. A modified hankinson equation for the wave speed of laser ultrasound in radiata pine. Wave Motion, 89:57 – 64, 2019.

2. van Wijk, K. and Hitchman, S. Apple seismology. Physics Today, 70(10):94–95, 2017.

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“Alltheseexampleshavethesameprinciplesintermsofmeasurements,”Kaspersays.“We’vegottothepointwherewehavethissetupinthelabandit’samatterofstickingsomethingelseinthelaserbeamandlearningfromtheresponse.”

ThisrepresentsagreatopportunitytouseNewZealand’scuttingedgetechnologytoturbo-chargeourprimaryindustriesandtodevelopourreputationforinnovationandquality.

“TheDodd-WallsCentremakesthiskindofappliedresearchpossible,”Kaspersays.“Theysupportedthisprojectwithstudentsandfundingforequipmenttokeepourlabgoing.Theindustryteamisreallyhelpfulinmakingconnections.”

WhenaskedwhatKasperwoulddoifhecoulddoanythingintheworldwithhislaserultrasoundsetuphesaid:

“IwouldinstalloursystemonthenextRovertomeasuretherocksonMars!There’saseismometernowonMars.AndoncewedetectMars-quakeswe’llbeabletotellsomethingabouttheinternalstructureoftheplanet.Thosedatawillhavetobecalibratedwithrockphysics,whichissomethingwewouldlovetodo.”

Whoknows?Maybedreamscancometrue!

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Kasperinhislaboratory.

“ THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE MAKES THIS KIND OF APPLIED RESEARCH POSSIBLE,” KASPER SAYS. “THEY SUPPORTED THIS PROJECT WITH STUDENTS AND FUNDING FOR EQUIPMENT TO KEEP OUR LAB GOING. THE INDUSTRY TEAM IS REALLY HELPFUL IN MAKING CONNECTIONS.”

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AftercompletinghisPhDwiththeDodd-WallsCentreatTheUniversityofAuckland,DonaldhastakenapostdoctoralpositionatWasedaUniversityinTokyo,Japan.HeisoneofthreeDodd-WallsCentrealumniworkinginthegroupofTakaoAoki,aworld-leaderinquantumopticsresearch.Itisalargegroupwithfourlabs,sevenpostdocs,overtenstudentsandanimpressiverangeofcuttingedgetechnologies.Theyarecreatinganewtypeofquantumcomputermadewithatomslinkedbyopticalfibres–thintransparentfibresjustliketheonesusedtoconnecttheinternetandphonenetworks.

Thisdreamjobopportunitycameaboutthankstoalong-termcollaborationbetweenDonald’sgroupleaderTakaoAokiandDodd-WallsCentrePrincipalInvestigatorScottParkinsatTheUniversityofAuckland.(YoucanreadaboutScott’sresearchonpage16ofthisreport).WiththesupportoftheDodd-WallsCentrefunding,TakaoandScotthavebeenabletovisiteachotherregularlyandhaveworkedtogethertodevelopthisnewapproachtoquantumcomputing-ScottontheoryandTakaobuildingthetechnology.DonaldmetTakaoononeofhisvisitstoNewZealandandmanagedtosecurethejob.

Globally,billionsofresearchdollarsarebeingspentonthedevelopmentofquantumcomputers.Buttheeffortfacesamajorroadblock.Theproblemwithtoday’smostadvancedquantumcomputingsystemsisthatthereisnoeffectivewaytoconnectlargenumbersofindividualcomputingunits(knownasqubits).Assoonasthequantuminformationenterstheconnectingchannelsitgetslostordestroyedbythenoiseandheatoftheoutsideworld.Thishaslimitedthedevelopmentoflarge-scalequantumcomputers–oncetheygettoobig,theylosetheiruniquequantumproperties.

TakaoandScott’snewsystemsolvesthisproblem.Theyhavefiguredoutawaytocommunicatequantuminformationthroughopticalfibresoverlargedistanceswithoutloss.Theentiresystemisbuiltin-house.Atoms,whichformthequbitsofthequantumcomputer,areplacednexttosmallsectionsofopticalfibrethathavebeenstretchedsotheynarrowtonanometrewidths.Thisallowstheatomsandlighttointeractor‘talk’toeachother.Theteamconstructsresonatingcavitiesaroundthenarrowsectionsoffibre,whichincreasestheintensityoflightandimprovestheinteraction.Thekeytothesystem’ssuccessistheultra-highqualityofthese‘opticalcavities’whichensurethatnoinformationislost.Theyrecentlydemonstratedcommunicationbetweenatomsseparatedbyoverfourmetres.Suchbreakthroughresultsareamajorsteptowardsscalability,meaningthatmanyqubitscanbeconnectedtogetherwithoutthesystemlosingitsquantumnature.

Theabilitytoeasilytransportquantuminformationwithminimallossmakestheirsystemoneofthemostpromisingphysicalbasesforquantumcomputingavailable.AndNewZealandisplayingamajorroleinthedevelopment.TakaoiscollaboratingwithDonald’soldsupervisor,MaartenHoogerland,atTheUniversityofAucklandwhoisworkingtodevelopcomplementaryaspectsofthesamesystem.Theyaretwooftheonlygroupsintheworldworkingonthistechnology.

“Itisincrediblyexcitingtobeworkingonsuchanewsystem,”Donaldsays.“It’sreallyground-breakingtechnology.”

ALUMNI PROFILESDONALD WHITE Quantum Communication Dreams Come True

As a boy Donald White built radio sets and conducted chemistry experiments at home. Now he is helping to build quantum computers which could accelerate development in almost every field of science and technology and change the way we live. It is a boyhood dream come true.

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DonaldwasborninSouthAfricaandcametoNewZealandasayoungboy.Hecaughthisloveofphysicsfromhisfather,ageophysicist.AsaboyDonaldtooktophysicslikeaducktowater.HedidhisundergraduatestudiesatTheUniversityofAucklandandjoinedDodd-WallsPrincipalInvestigatorMaartenHoogerland’steamtodohisHonoursandPhD.

InhisPhD,Donaldexploredtwoconcepts:quantumchaos,theborderlandbetweentheclassicalphenomenonofchaosandquantumphysics;andthefundamentalphysicsbehindaphenomenoncalledAndersonlocalisationwhichexplainswhysomematerialsdon’tconductelectricity.AftergraduatinghespentsixmonthsworkingfortheAuckland-basedearthsciencescompanyIESE,whichemploysanumberofDodd-Wallsgraduates.Hehelpedtoinstallastate-of-the-artfibre-opticsystemtomeasuretinyshiftsinthefoundationsofamajormotorwaynearChristchurch.Fibreopticcableslaidalongthelengthofthemotorwaycandetectmillimetrescalechangesintheprofileofthemotorway.Thistellsengineersiftheroadbeginstosink.

DonaldisgratefulfortheDodd-WallsCentre’ssupportinestablishinghiscareer.BeingpartoftheDWCgavehimeasyaccesstocollaboratorsinOtagowhohelpedwiththetheoryinbothhisresearchprojects.Nothavingtoworryaboutfundingforequipmentleftthemfreetofocusontheimportanttaskofmakingdiscoveries.

“InternationallypeopleareveryappreciativeofNewZealand’scontributiontoquantumoptics,”Donaldsays.“Wehavethisfantastichistory.Itneedstobeafutureaswell!Andsotobringallthepeopleandresourcestogetherinsuchasmallcountrytogetherisextremelyimportant.”

DonaldwouldbedelightedtobuildacareeracrossNewZealandandJapanmakingthemostofthestrongcollaborationbetweenthetwocountries.Helovesthecultureofbothplacesandhasasenseofexcitementandpossibilityforthefuture.

" THE ABILITY TO EASILY TRANSPORT QUANTUM INFORMATION WITH MINIMAL LOSS MAKES THEIR SYSTEM ONE OF THE MOST PROMISING PHYSICAL BASES FOR QUANTUM COMPUTING AVAILABLE. AND NEW ZEALAND IS PLAYING A MAJOR ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT."

DonaldinhislaboratoryatWasedaUniversity,Japan.

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JustliketheAmerica’sCupandFormulaOnecarracing,cutting-edgequantumsciencepushespeopleandtechnologytotheirabsolutelimits.Asidefromspecialistskillsinunderstandingquantumsystems,thisresearchteachesanaudacityofthinking,indomitablepersistenceandtechnicalmastery.

“Thereisalsoaninevitableflow-ontonewtechnologies,”Andrewexplains.“Wewouldn’thavethetechnologythatunderpinstheinternetifwedidn’tunderstandquantummechanics.Yousimplydon’tknowwherethenextrevolutionisgoingtocomefrom.”

Andrewdidhisundergraduateandmaster’sdegreesatTheUniversityofAuckland,hishome-town.Hefellinlovewithquantumopticsduringhismaster’sresearchwithRainerLeonhardt(aDodd-WallsCentreAssociateInvestigator).Inhisearlyexperimentswithlasersandatomsheexploredthecross-overbetweentheclassicalphenomenonofchaosandthequantumworld–anareathathasconfoundedphysicistsforalmostacentury.

ForhisPhDhetravelledtoCopenhagen,oneofthebirthplacesofquantumtheory.WorkinginthesamebuildingwhereHeisenbergdevelopedhisfamousuncertaintyprinciple,AndrewconstructedanexperimenttomakeBose-EinsteinCondensates.Thisnewstateofmatterallowsresearcherstostudyquantumphysicsatascalelargeenoughtoseeandinteractwithinthelab.FollowinghisPhDAndrewreturnedtoNewZealandtoworkwithDWCPrincipalInvestigatorMikkelAndersenattheUniversityofOtago.Togethertheydevelopedmethodstoachieveworld-recordcontroloverindividualatoms.HethenworkedineliteexperimentalgroupsinDenmarkandFrance.

ItwasadesiretoreturnhomeandcontributehisskillsinanewwaythatbroughtAndrewandhisfamilybacktoNewZealand.

InhisroleatFisher&PaykelHealthcareAndrewfindshimselfengrossedinanentirelynewworldofcomplexity-thehumanbody.Heworksbetweentheresearchteamthatconductsclinicaltrialsandtheproductteamwhobuilddevices.Hisroleistoresearchhowthehumanbreathingsystemworksandfigureoutwaystoimprovethedesigns.Hedoesthisbycreatingbench-topmodelsofthebreathingsystemusingairpumpsfor“lungs”and3Dprintedsiliconemouldstomimicbaby’s“squishyfacesandtubes”.Hestudiesthewayairmovesthroughthesemodelstoimprovedevicesandtodevelopideasfornewtherapies.

WhenAndrewfirstmadethemovefromexperimentalquantumphysicstomedicaldevicedevelopmenthewasworriedtheproblemswouldnotbeascaptivating,buthewaswrong.

“Thehumanbodyissuchacomplexthing,”Andrewsays.“IfIkeeplearningfortherestofmylifeI’llneverunderstanditall.There’ssuchalottolearnandmasterhere.Ineverloseinterest.”

Andrew’sskillsinphysicsgivehimauniqueabilitytotackleseeminglyimpossibleproblems.

“Inphysicsyouconditionyourselftoenjoythatfeelingofnotknowingwhat’sgoingon,”Andrewmuses.“Ijustlovebeingabletoimmersemyselfinaproblemandunderstanditdeeply.You’redauntedbutyoucarryonanyway.Persistenceisabigthing.I’mabelieverintakingcareofthedetails.Youstripthingstotheirsimplestpartsthenaddelementbyelement.Thatwayyoufigureoutwhattheactualcausesandconstraintsare,ratherthanmakingassumptions.”

ANDREW HILLIARD The Fundamental Physics of Helping Babies Breathe

After fifteen years working in some of the world’s most prestigious international quantum research teams, Andrew Hilliard returned home to Auckland to work for Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. That was three years ago. Now, as a Senior Product Development Engineer in the Infant Care team, he is using his elite problem-solving skills to develop medical devices that help premature babies breathe.

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ThesearesomeofthereasonsthatFisher&PaykelHealthcarelovestohirephysicists.AsAndrewSomervell,thecompany’sVicePresidentofProducts&Technologysays:

“Weareparticularlyinterestedinphysicsandtechnologypeople.OurCEOhasadegreeinphysics,Ihaveadegreeinphysics,twoofthemostseniorpeopleinourR&Dhavedegreesinphysics.Welikephysicists.Itisanimportantareaforusandwewanttohiremorepeopleoutofthatarearatherthanjustengineers.”

Andrew’sresearchalsoaddscredibilitytothecompany’sproductsintheinternationalmarketplace.

“Itdemonstratesthatwe’reaseriousorganisation,”Andrewsays.“IfIpublishapaperonaparticulartherapyitcontributestothereputationofthecompany.Itsays-hey,wetakethisstuffseriously.Wedoourownworkandtheproductswemakecomeoutofrigorouslongtime-framework.”

“ IN PHYSICS YOU CONDITION YOURSELF TO ENJOY THAT FEELING OF NOT KNOWING WHAT’S GOING ON,” ANDREW MUSES.

" YOU STRIP THINGS TO THEIR SIMPLEST PARTS THEN ADD ELEMENT BY ELEMENT. THAT WAY YOU FIGURE OUT WHAT THE ACTUAL CAUSES AND CONSTRAINTS ARE, RATHER THAN MAKING ASSUMPTIONS.”

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“EveryonewasreallyconfusedwhenItoldthem.TheythoughtIwasgoingtobeamodel,”Petrajokes.“ButIthinkit’scooltolearnaboutsuchadifferentindustry.”

StarNow’sbusinessmodelreliesonsomeverycleveralgorithmswhichhelptomatchmaketalentwithopportunities.Petraworksinasmallteamanalysingthedataandfine-tuningthealgorithmstooptimisethecompany’sservices.Althoughthetopicisvastlydifferent,theskillssheusesaremuchthesameasthoseshedevelopedinherPhD.

ThedatascienceindustryisboominginNewZealandandPhDtrainedphysicistsareidealrecruits.

“Physicstaughtmetoalwaysquestionwhythingshappen,”Petrasays.“Ifsomethingimprovesorgoesdownyoudon’tjustacceptit,youdigdowntillyouworkoutthecause.Youlookforthefundamentalpatternsunderlyingthings.”

PetraspentherPhDforgingnewknowledgeatthefrontierofquantumresearch.Inoneprojectshedevisedanewcomputermodellingtechniquetounderstandtheintricateinterplaybetweenatomsandlight.Inhersecondprojectshecollaboratedwithworld-leadingexperimentalphysicistsintheUSandFrance.Herresearchwillcontributetoarevolutionofnewquantumtechnologies.Itwasextremelydifficult,oftensolitaryworkbutithasgivenheranincredibleeyefordetailandatenacitytoperseverethroughunbelievablechallengestoreachsolutions.

AfterthisintensetrainingPetraisexcitedtobeapplyingherskillstoreal-worldproblems.

“I’mpassionateabouthelpingpeopleachievewhat’sreallyimportanttothem,”Petrasays.

Petrafeelslikeshehashitthejackpotwithhernewcareerpath.

“InPhysicsyoucanspendyearsworkingonthesameproblem,”shesays.“HereI’lldosomethingquicklythatwillimproveourwebsiteorsavesomeonedaysofwork.That’sverymotivating!”

Datascienceisusedbyeducationproviders,fashionretailers,governmentdepartments,treasury,ITcompaniesandincountlessotherfields.Petra’sskillsgiveherthefreedomtomoveintoanyoftheseindustries.

“IfeellikeI’mintheperfectplacetolearnskillsthatcouldtakemeanywhere,”Petrasays.“I’vegotareallyamazingemployerandI’mgettingtodothesortofthingsthatinterestme.Therearegoingtobemoreandmoreofthesesortsofjobssoitfeelslikeagoodareaandasafeonecareer-wise.”

Petraisalsoenjoyingworkingwithacompletelynewsetofpeople.

“InPhysicsIgotusedtoworkingwithpeoplethatthinkthesameandareveryanalytical,”Petrasays.“NowI’mworkingwithallkindsofdifferentpeoplewhoseskillsaremainlyinterpersonal.Theyareoftenthinkingaboutquitedifferentgoals.I’mreallyenjoyingthatdiversity.”

AtfirstPetrafeltnervousabouttransitioningtoanewfieldbuttheshifthasbeensurprisinglysmooth.

“Allthetrainingfromphysicsmakesiteasytopickupthenewskills,”shesays.“Ihadn’tlearntSQL(theprogramminglanguage)beforetakingthejobbutitjusttookadayplayingaroundtogetthebasics.”

PetraisgratefultotheDodd-WallsCentreandhersupervisorsforencouraginghertomakethisshifttoanewfield.

PETRA FERSTERER A Booming Career in the Data Science Industry

Petra Fersterer went straight from her PhD in theoretical Quantum Physics to a job in the entertainment industry. She is now working as a data scientist for Wellington-based company StarNow who run a website promoting actors and models to talent agencies.

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“It’seasyinacademiatogetanarrowideaofwhatsuccessmeans.Allthepeoplearoundandatconferencesareacademics.IrememberonespeakerataDodd-WallsCentreconferencewhoreallyhelpedshiftthat.ShegaveaninspirationalspeechaboutleavingherPhDmidwaytopursueanothercareerpathwhichshehasbeenverysuccessfulin.Itwasagreatreminder.”

Petraisveryhappywithhercareerchoice.

“HonestlyI’mlovingthisjobsomuch.Itwouldtakealottomakemechangeitnow,”shesays. Inthefutureshehopestogetmoreexperienceinotherindustriesandapplyherskillsforsocialgood.SheisgratefultotheDodd-WallsCentreforbeingalaunchpadforthisexcitingnewcareerpath.

“ PHYSICS TAUGHT ME TO ALWAYS QUESTION WHY THINGS HAPPEN,” PETRA SAYS. “IF SOMETHING IMPROVES OR GOES DOWN YOU DON’T JUST ACCEPT IT, YOU DIG DOWN TILL YOU WORK OUT THE CAUSE. YOU LOOK FOR THE FUNDAMENTAL PATTERNS UNDERLYING THINGS.”

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ButNeelam’sloveofsciencehastakenheronadifferentpath.AtTheUniversityofAucklandshediscoveredthepoweroflaserstoseeintricatedetailswaybeyondthereachofhumaneyes.InherMastersresearchshehelpedtodevelopalaser-techniquetodetectcausesofeyediseaseslikemaculardegenerationanddiabeticretinopathy,whicharethemaincausesofblindnessintheWesternworld.Nowsheisworkinginastart-upcompanydevelopingadevicetocheaplyandeffectivelymeasurechildren’seyesight.Ratherthanbecominganoptometristherselfshehasfoundawaytoimproveeye-careformany.

Neelamgrewupwithherbootsinthesoilonherfamily’smarketgardeninPukekohe,asmalltownsouthofAuckland.Shefellinlovewiththeintricaciesofscienceasayounggirlbutwastheonlyoneinherclassatschooltopursueit.NeelamdidherundergraduatestudiesinMedicalPhysicsandImagingTechnologyatTheUniversityofAuckland.That’swhenshemetDodd-WallsPrincipalInvestigatorFrédériqueVanholsbeeckwhowasacoordinatoronhercourse.FrédériquehasbeenamentorandinspirationforNeelameversince.

“IlovetoexploreandFredhasalwaysopeneddoorsandpushedmetotrynewthings.”

NeelamjoinedFrédérique’sBiophotonicsGroupatTheUniversityofAuckland,amultidisciplinarygroupofphysicists,biologistsandengineerswhouselasertechniquestosolvearangeofindustrialandmedicalchallenges.InherMastersproject,NeelamcollaboratedwithDodd-WallsresearcherJami-ShepherdJohnsoninthePhysicalAcousticsLaboratoryandEhsanVaghefifromtheSchoolofVisionScience,bothatTheUniversityofAuckland.Togethertheyadaptedaningenioustechniqueinspiredbyseismologytomeasuretheonsetof eyedisease.

“Weusedtinylaserpulsestovibratetheeye,abitlikeanearthquake.ThenweusedalasertechniquecalledOCT(Opticalcoherencetomography)whichisabletorevealintricatelayerswithintheeye.Wedevelopedawaytomeasurethefirmnessofthejelly-likeinnersectionoftheeye–thevitreoushumour–whichliquifieswithage,causingdisease.”

TheresearchcontinuestodayandissettoimprovethevalueofOCTindetectingandpotentiallytreatingeyediseaseworldwide.

AspartofherresearchNeelamgotinvolvedinbothmicrobiologyandchemistrylab-work,whichhelpedhergetajobasawineanalystforAsureQualitystraightoutofuniversity.

“Ireallyenjoyedgettingoutoftheacademicenvironmentandgoingintoindustry,”saysNeelam.

AsureQualityisaNewZealand-basedfood-testingcompany.Theytakesamplesfromallkindsoffoodmanufacturersandtestthemformetals,bacteriaandnutritionalcontent.Neelamwasinthewineteam,soshespentalotoftimesniffingwinesandtestingtheminthelab.Shealsogotlotsoftraininginmanufacturingpractices,compliance,ethicsandregulations-skillswhichareprovinginvaluableinhercurrentstart-upjob.

NeelamwashandpickedforherroleasresearchanddevelopmentengineeratTokuEyes,astart-upcompanybasedatAucklandUniversitysetupbyherMasterscollaboratorEhsanVaghefi.

NEELAM HARI New Visions and Career Opportunities

As a child Neelam Hari dreamed of being an optometrist.

“I wanted to be an optometrist because I had bad eyes,” she says.

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“TokuEyes”means“myeyes”inTeReo,”Neelamsays.“Wearemakingamedicaldevicethatwillhelpmonitormyopiaor short-sightednessinchildren.Currentlyit’sveryhardtotesttheeyesightofasmallchildwhocan’treadyet.Withoutaneyeexam,it’sdifficulttotellwhatkindofglassestheyneed.We’rehoping tomakethedevicecostefficientsoitcanreachalldemographics inNZ.”

Neelam’steamhavecompletedinitialtestingonanimaleyeswithpromisingresultsandareworkingtowardsclinicaltrials.OncethedeviceisdevelopedforNewZealandtheyplantomakeitavailableoverseas.

NeelamispassionateaboutsciencecommunicationandisgratefulfortheexperienceshegainedthroughtheDodd-WallsCentre.

“Iloveinteractingwithkidsandgettingpeopleexcitedaboutscience,”Neelamsays.“IfIcouldachieveanythinginmylifeIwouldbreakdownthestigmaaroundsciencebeingtoohardandshowhowcoolandusefulitcanbe.”

InherHonoursyearNeelamhelpedtocreateaninnovativemultimediaartinstallationaspartoftheInternationalYearofLightin2015.SheworkedwithdesignstudentsfromAucklandUniversityofTechnology(AUT)tobuildaninteractiveplaygroundwherechildrenandadultscouldlearnaboutthewayslightisusedtocommunicateinourmoderntelecommunicationstechnologies.Theexhibition,calledBeambox,wasinstalledinAoteaSquareinAucklandandenjoyedbyhundredsofvisitors.

FollowingherMastersNeelamattendedatwo-weekworkshopinFijiwhereshelearnttomakeshortdocumentariesoncellphonesaboutenvironmentalchangesinthePacificIslands.

“IgottosailbacktoNewZealandontheSirPeterBlakeSeamasterasajournalistontheTaraexpedition,”Neelamsays.“Ilearntsomuchaboutjournalismanddocumentarymaking.It’ssomethingIwoulddefinitelyliketocomebackto.”

OneofthelastingbenefitsofbeingpartoftheDodd-WallsCentreisthecommunity.

“Imetscientistsfromdifferentfieldsanddifferentregions,Neelamsays.“IstillcollaboratewithFredandkeepintouchwithmyoldteamattheBiophotonicsLab.It’ssonicetobepartofacommunitythatIcanreachouttoifIhaveaproblemoraquestion.”

" NOW SHE IS WORKING IN A START-UP COMPANY DEVELOPING A DEVICE TO CHEAPLY AND EFFECTIVELY MEASURE CHILDREN’S EYESIGHT. RATHER THAN BECOMING AN OPTOMETRIST HERSELF SHE HAS FOUND A WAY TO IMPROVE EYE-CARE FOR MANY."

“ WE ARE MAKING A MEDICAL DEVICE THAT WILL HELP MONITOR MYOPIA OR SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS IN CHILDREN."

" WE’RE HOPING TO MAKE THE DEVICE COST EFFICIENT SO IT CAN REACH ALL DEMOGRAPHICS IN NZ.”

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SamnowworksasapostdoctoralresearcherforAgResearchdevelopingwaystouselaserstomeasurethequalityofmeatasit’sprocessed–researchthatcoulddramaticallyboostprofitsofNewZealand’smeatindustry.

“Ilovefiguringouthowtheworldworksandbuildingthingsthatshowuswhat’sgoingon,”saysSam.“Idon’treallymindwhichfieldit’sappliedto.Ijustlovesolvingproblems.”

SamgrewupinAucklandandatschoolthrewhimselfintohissciencefairprojectswithgreatcommitment.AtTheUniversityofAucklandhechoseaBTechprogrammeinMedicalPhysicsandgothookedonlasersasapowerfultoolforsensingandimaging.

InhisHonoursyearSamjoinedthePhysicalAcousticsLabledbyDodd-WallsPrincipalInvestigatorKaspervanWijk.Ageophysicistbytraining,Kasperandhisteamspecialiseinadaptinggeophysicstechniquestosolveallkindsofproblemsinscienceandindustry.

Sam’sfirstprojectwastobuildalaser-doppler-vibrometer–aportablelaserdevicetomeasuretheinternalstructureofobjectsthatcouldbeusedinadirtymessyindustrialsetting.WiththehelpofLukeTaylor,theIndustryManagerattheDodd-WallsDevelopmentCentre,Samcreatedaportabledevicetomakequick,accuratemeasurements.Thedeviceusesatechniqueinspiredbythewaygeophysicistsmeasureearthquakes.

TheprojectwassosuccessfulthatSamwonascholarshiptodohisPhDinKasper’sgroup.Hisnextchallengewastodevelopamethodtomeasurethecrispnessofapples.ThekeytoSam’ssuccesswasananalogybetweenanappleandtheEarth.

“Ifyousquint,anappleisabitliketheplanet,” Samsays.“Withitscoreandthincrust.”

Eventhoughthesizeandtextureisdifferent,thephysicsisremarkablysimilar.Samtrawledthegeophysicsliteraturetodevisehisnewmethod.Headaptedthemodelsgeophysicistsusetodescribethewayearthquakestravelthroughtheearthtounderstandthetinyvibrationalquakesgeneratedintheapplebythelaser.

“Nobodyhadthoughtofmakingthisconnectionbefore,whichmadeitdifficultandsometimesfrustrating,”saysSam.“Butonceitwasdonewehadsomethingcompletelynewandunique.Thepayoffwasreallycool.Wesatanappleonthebenchandmeasureditasitgotsofterovertime-abeautifuldecreaseincrispness.”

Sam’sresearchwaspublishedintheprestigiousmagazinePhysicsTodayandhistechniqueisnowbeingusedinotherNewZealandfruit-sensingapplications.

Next,Samadaptedasimilarmethodtomakequickaccuratemeasurementsofthestrengthoftimber.Thischallengewaspromptedbyanenquiryfrom thetimberindustrywhowerelookingforamoreefficientwaytomeasurethestrengthofplanksasthey’remilled.

Sam’strainingwiththeDodd-WallsCentrehasgivenhimtheidealskillsetforhiscurrentjobatAgResearch.Samispartofacollaborativeprojectinvolvingmeatscientists,meatindustryrepresentativesandlaserexperts.

SAM HITCHMAN Solving New Zealand’s Industry Challenges with Lasers

From a young age Sam Hitchman loved maths, physics and tinkering with cool devices. His ultimate dream is to make a real-world Star Wars device that uses lasers to detect and analyse all kinds of biological and physical properties. In his PhD in the Physical Acoustics Lab at The University of Auckland he developed an ingenious laser device to measure the ripeness of fruit that is now helping New Zealand’s kiwifruit industry improve their efficiency.

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“Theaimistofigureoutawaytomeasurethequalityofeverybitofmeatweexportintermsoffatpercentage,pH,tenderness,”Samexplains.“Ifweknowthequalitywecanchargepremiumpriceswhichwouldhaveamajorimpactonprofits.”

Sam’schallengeistoadapttechniquesdevelopedformedicalimagingtotheverydifferentenvironmentoffoodprocessing.

“Manyofthetechniquesweareinvestigatingweredevelopedformedicalimaging,”Samexplains.“Butinameatprocessingplantyoucan’trelyonadoctorortechniciantointerpretyourimages.Youdon’tneedsuchanaccurateresult,butitneedstobequick–weonlyhavefivesecondstocharacterisethequality.”

SamisdrawingonhisexperienceinthePhysicalAcousticsLab,usingultrasoundtechniquessimilartothoseheusedontimberandapplestocharacterisethemeat.Heisalsoinvestigatingthepossibilitiesofusingresearchfromdeep-learningtointerprettheimages.

Sam’stimewiththeDodd-WallsCentresethimupwithanetworkofcontactsaroundNewZealand,whichsupportshiscurrentresearch.Hisskillsandexperienceenablehimtoapplytherichdiscoveriesoffundamentalresearchtoreal-lifeindustryproblems.Inthefuture,SamhopestocontinuehisresearchbothoverseasandinNewZealand,inspiredbythethrillofsolvingnewproblemsandgettingclosertothatreal-worldStarWarsdevice.

" SAM NOW WORKS AS A POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCHER FOR AGRESEARCH DEVELOPING WAYS TO USE LASERS TO MEASURE THE QUALITY OF MEAT AS IT’S PROCESSED – RESEARCH THAT COULD DRAMATICALLY BOOST PROFITS OF NEW ZEALAND’S MEAT INDUSTRY."

" SAM’S TRAINING WITH THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE HAS GIVEN HIM THE IDEAL SKILL SET FOR HIS CURRENT JOB AT AGRESEARCH."

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WhenIwasalittlegirlIwasambitiousandadventurous.IgrewupinasmalltowninIran,spendingmytimeridingbikeswithmybrother,exploring,discovering,andmakingtoysandcontraptionslikemotorboats.Iwasobsessedwithdinosaursandfascinatedbyscience.Howwereourplanetandsunformed?Whyweredinosaurssolarge?Howdidtheydieout?Iwasreadingbooks,tryingtoanswermyquestions,whichinturnsparkedmyimagination.Ihadlotsofdreams;Iwantedtobeazoologist,wanderinginthedepthsofnature,orapilot,flyingahugeairplane.

Duringmyadolescenceeverythingchanged.Iwasnolongerallowedtoridemybike,playoutsideordoanysportsandIhadtowearaheadscarfoutside.IwasbroughtunderthethumboftheIranianregime,andtheirreligiousrules.Myworldwasshuttingdown. Icriedmanytimestomymother–whywasIborninsuchasociety?

Afterawhileanewdreamstartedtoform:Freedom.Seeingprotestsdecimatedbythegovernment,Iknewthecountryhadalonganddifficultpathtofreedom. IrealisedthatwomenwerefreeinothercountriesbutIdidn’tyethavethemeanstoleave.AtthattimeIwasbecominginterestedinmathematicsandphysics,andbysixteenIknewIwantedtobeascientist.ButIcouldseethatfemalescientistswerenottakenseriouslyinIran.Ifeltthismostheavilyduringmybachelor’sdegree,whichintensifiedmydrive.AtthatpointIdecidedtoleaveIranbutittookmetenyears.Everysmallstepwasabigchallenge-learningEnglishforexample.Therewasnoproperinternet,YouTubewasbannedandchildrenwerenotallowedtospeak

inEnglish.Theonlywaytoaccessresourceswastobuythemfromsmugglersonthestreet.IttookmefiveyearstolearnEnglish.TheIranianeconomyhadcollapsedwhichmeantourcurrencywasworthverylittleoverseas.Itookajobinthemetrotoraisemoneyforexternalexamsandapplicationprocessestooverseasuniversities.Oneofthebiggestchallengeswasremainingconfident.InIrantheyalwaystoldus“Youcan’tdothis!Youcan’tdothat!”andafterawhilethatseepedin.IhadtokeeptellingmyselfIcoulddoit.Ihadsomewonderfulsupervisorsandtheconstantsupportofmyparentstokeepmegoing.

TwoyearsagoIfinallyfulfilledmydreamoflivinginafreecountry.IwasofferedascholarshipwiththeDodd-WallsCentretodomyPhDattheUniversityofOtagounderthesupervisionofHaraldSchwefel.Now,asIdomyresearch,Ifeelabitlikethatgirlagain–freetoexplore,discoverandfollowmydreams.

Iamworkingononeofthehottesttopicsintheworld–quantumcomputing.Thispioneeringtechnologypromisestorevolutionisealmosteveryfieldbymakingitpossibletosolveextremelycomplexproblems.Althoughmuchprogresshasbeenmade,thecurrentmostadvancedquantumcomputersfaceaseriousproblem.Theyhavenoway

STUDENT PROFILESIn 2019 we ran a communication workshop for our students. The goal of this workshop was to equip our students with the skills to be effective storytellers. The profiles that follow in this section have been written by some of the attendees of this workshop who received indiviualised coaching following the workshop to help with the crafting of their stories. We hope that you enjoy sharing their journeys!

SONIA MOBASSEM Empowering Women to Follow their Dreams

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tocommunicateor‘talk’toeachother.Ourgrouphasdevelopedadevicetomakethispossible.Attheheartofthedeviceisacrystalwithspecialopticalpropertiesthatconvertsmicrowavephotonsintoopticalphotonsthatcantransportquantuminformationoverlargedistances.Ourdevicecurrentlyhastenthousandtimestheefficiencyofcompetingdevicesandweareworkingtoimproveitsefficiencyfurther.

Alltheseexperimentsrequiretremendousprecision,patienceandpassion.Formeitisthrillingtobepartofsuchalargescaleinternationaleffort.NewZealandisoneoftheworldleadersinenablingtechnologiesforquantumcomputersandtheDodd-WallsCentreprovidesasafe,nourishingandintellectuallystimulatingenvironment.IhavehadtheopportunitytotalkwithNobelPrizewinners,participateininternationalconferencesandlearnface-to-facefrommyrolemodels.TheDodd-WallsCentre’sfinancialsupportenablesourgrouptobuytheexpensivedevicesweneedinourexperiments.

MyexperienceinNewZealandhasopenednewworldsandgivenmetheconfidencetokeeppursuingmydreams.InthefutureIwouldliketohelpopenthewayforothergirls.I’dliketosay–“Ididit!Youcandobetter!”Mymotherismyinspiration.Shewasnotallowedtogotoschooleventhoughshewasverycuriousandintelligentbutshegavemealltheopportunitiesshecould.EvenunderthereligiousregimeMumgotherdrivinglicenceatage65andstartedherownstore.IamproudofmyMumandIamproudtobelivinginacountrywithawomanasprimeminister.IhopethatinmycareerIcancontributetomoregirlsandwomenfollowingtheirdreams.

" I AM WORKING ON ONE OF THE HOTTEST TOPICS IN THE WORLD – QUANTUM COMPUTING. THIS PIONEERING TECHNOLOGY PROMISES TO REVOLUTIONISE ALMOST EVERY FIELD BY MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO SOLVE EXTREMELY COMPLEX PROBLEMS."

" MY EXPERIENCE IN NEW ZEALAND HAS OPENED NEW WORLDS AND GIVEN ME THE CONFIDENCE TO KEEP PURSUING MY DREAMS. IN THE FUTURE I WOULD LIKE TO HELP OPEN THE WAY FOR OTHER GIRLS. I’D LIKE TO SAY – “I DID IT! YOU CAN DO BETTER!”

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IcouldnothaveimaginedwhenIbeganmyPhDinPhysicsallthefantasticexperiencesthatwouldbepresentedtome.Fouryearsago,whenIwascompletingmyBTechdegreeatTheUniversityofAucklandIwasfocusedonmystudiesandsuccessfulacademically,butIlackedconfidencetotrynewthings.Sincethenmyworldhasexpandedtoabroadinterestinpeople,science,industryandpolicy.WiththeunfailingsupportofmysupervisorsandcolleaguesandlotsofencouragingnudgesfromfriendsIhavecompletelysurprisedmyself.Istartedastudentorganisationandacceptedtheroleasitsleader;Itravelledtomanynewcountries;publishedseveralresearcharticlesandpresentedtheirresultsatconferences;Ico-organisedscienceoutreachandprofessionaldevelopmentactivities;wasawardedprizesforaproposaltocommercialisemyresearchandwaseveninvitedtoSwitzerlandin2019forapoliticaleconomicsconferencewhereIofferedmyperspectiveasayoungscientistonworldissues.IamcurrentlydoinganinternshipattheOfficeofthePrimeMinister’sChiefScienceAdvisor(OPMCSA).Acoupleofyearsago,Ifeltunsurewheremycareerwasheading,butnowIfeelexcitedtolearnandexploreallthesenewworlds.

Itallstartedin2016when,alongwithabunchoffriends,Istartedalocalstudentchapteroftheinternationalsocietyforopticsandphotonics,SPIE.Ididnotintendtotakealeadershiproleatfirst.Ijustnoticedthatwedidnothaveastudentchapterandaskedwhy.InresponsemycolleaguesandsupervisorssuggestedIstartone.Iwasdauntedatfirst.Ihadnoideahowtostartorleadanorganisation!SimonAshforth,afellowPhDstudentwhowasthepresidentofanotherstudentgroup,offeredtomentorme.WegotagroupoffriendstogetherandwiththeirsupportItookontheroleofpresident.Thisdecisionprovedoneofthebestofmylife.Notonlyhasittaughtmeaboutleadershipandteamwork,ithasbeenawonderfulopportunitytogettogetherwithlikemindstoworkoninitiativesweallfeltpassionateabout.Wehaveorganisedregularscienceoutreachactivitiesandinviteddistinguishedoverseasresearcherstoparticipateinourseminarsanddiscussions.WithfinancialandlogisticalsupportfromtheDodd-WallsCentre,wehavecontinuedtogrowandexpandthereachandimpactofouractivities.

AtthecentreofmyPhDhasbeenmyresearch,whichIlove.IworkintheBiophotonicsLabatTheUniversityofAucklandunderthesupervisionofFrédériqueVanholsbeeck.Inourlabweuselaserlighttoprobethestructure,compositionandfunctionofallkindsofbiologicalmaterialsandorganisms.Ihavebeenworkingonaground-breakingnewtechniquetodetectandmonitorbacteria.Theultimateaimistodevelopatoolthatdoctorscanusetoquicklytesttheeffectivenessofantibioticsonunknowninfections.Thiswouldhelptopreventthespreadof‘superbugs’whichareamongthemostserioushealththreatsfacinghumanity.IdevelopedawaytomeasurewhetherbacteriaarealiveordeadandworkedwithmicrobiologistsandinfectiousdiseaseexpertsfromTheUniversityofAuckland’sMedicalschool.Ienjoythecollaborativenatureofmyresearchandhavelearntallkindsofnewskillsandperspectives.

InmyfirstyearofPhD,mysupervisorssupportedmyintereststoentertheDodd-WallsCentreideascompetitionforcommercialisingresearch.Isawthepotentialformyresearchtoimproveantibioticuseandwasinterestedinexploringitscommercialpotential.Ipreparedawrittenbusinessproposaldescribinghowmyresearchcouldbetranslatedtoatechnologythatsaveslivesandreducesthehealth-economicburdeneveninlow-resourceenvironments.Ithenpitchedtheideatoaninvestmentpanel,whoprovidedvaluablefeedbackandadviceandeventuallyawardedmeaswinner.Thisexperienceopenedmyeyestothebusinessperspectivesonscienceandtechnologyandtaughtmethevalueofexpandingscientificimpactthroughcommercialroutes.

IamgratefultomysupervisorsFrédériqueVanholsbeeck,SimonSwiftandCushlaMcGoverin,whohavealwayskeptaneyeoutforopportunitiesandencouragedmetotrynewthings.ThishasledtoamuchmoreholisticPhDexperience.

FANG (RACHEL) OU A Flourishing Career in Science

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TowardstheendofmyPhD,Ibecamemoreandmoreinterestedinexploringthepotentialrolesinterdisciplinaryscientistscanhaveoutsideoftheacademiclab.Iampassionateaboutscience,butIrealisethatweneedtolearnhowtoworkwithpeopleandunderstanddifferentperspectivestosolvemanyoftheseriousproblemsintheworld.IhadreadanddabbledabitincurrentaffairssowhentheopportunitycameuptodoaninternshipwiththeOfficeofthePrimeMinister’sChiefScienceAdviseritseemedliketheperfectopportunity.InmyinternshipIhavebeenlookingattheusesofartificialintelligenceforeducationinNewZealand.Theexperiencehasexpandedmyperspectiveofhowweasscientistscancontributetopolicy.

HavingsubmittedmyPhDthesistwomonthsagoIamnowpreparingformynextadventure.Overthenextfewyears,IwillbeundertakingpostdoctoralresearchattheEindhovenUniversityofTechnologyintheNetherlands.There,Iwillcollaboratewithindustriestodevelopnovelopticalsensors.Ilookforwardtogaininginternationalperspectivesandseeinghowindustriesandcorporationswork.

Lookingback,thereisnowayIwouldtrademyPhDexperienceforanything.IamgratefulforthesupportofmysupervisorsandtheDWC(specialmentionstoShannonScown,AJWoodhouse,KaspervanWijkandPaulHoskin)andtheUniversityofAucklandforallthewaystheyhaveshapedmeonmypostgraduatejourney.

" I HAVE BEEN WORKING ON A GROUND-BREAKING NEW TECHNIQUE TO DETECT AND MONITOR BACTERIA. THE ULTIMATE AIM IS TO DEVELOP A TOOL THAT DOCTORS CAN USE TO QUICKLY TEST THE EFFECTIVENESS OF ANTIBIOTICS ON UNKNOWN INFECTIONS. THIS WOULD HELP TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF ‘SUPERBUGS’ WHICH ARE AMONG THE MOST SERIOUS HEALTH THREATS FACING HUMANITY."

" I AM PASSIONATE ABOUT SCIENCE, BUT I REALISE THAT WE NEED TO LEARN HOW TO WORK WITH PEOPLE AND UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT PERSPECTIVES TO SOLVE MANY OF THE SERIOUS PROBLEMS IN THE WORLD."

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Ihavealwaysbeencuriousabouthowthingsaroundmework.Notjustknowingthepiecesinside,buthowtheyinteractandwhythatproducesthebehaviourwesee.AtschoolItaughtmyselftoprogrammeandstarteddoingcontractworkforasmallelectronicsandengineeringcompany.SomeoftheprojectsIworkedoninvolvedscientificinstrumentationwhichgotmeinterestedinthetoolspeopleusetodiscoverhowtheworldaroundusworks.Now,inmyPhDattheUniversityofOtagoIhavetakenthisquestiontoanultimatelimit.BycreatingnewformsofquantummatterusingatomsandlaserlightIaminvestigatinghowthefundamentalbuildingblocksoftheuniverseinteract.Onedaythisknowledgewillleadtolife-changingnewquantumtechnologies.Butwhatinterestsmemostarethefundamentalquestions.

Whatisanatom?Mostpeoplewillsaysomethingaboutaparticle,orathingthatmakesupthestuffaroundus.Weenvisionanunimaginablysmall“ballofstuff”.Mylabgrouppreparescloudsofatomsatextremelylowtemperatures.Wedon’tseeatomsbehaveasparticles-atthesetemperaturestheyspreadoutandbehavelikewaves.

Thetemperaturesweworkwithareextreme–nearlyabilliontimescolderthanyourroom,andtenmilliontimescolderthanthefrigidvoidofouterspace.Inourexperimentswesmashcloudsofatomsintoeachotherveryslowly.Liketwowavesmeetingeachotheratsea,thetwocloudspassthrougheachothercreatingintricateinterferencepatterns.Wecapturepicturesthattellushowtheatomsinteract.Inmyparticularproject,Iamworkingtoproduceaspecialcloudofatomscalleda“quantumdroplet”.Normallycloudsofatomsspreadoutanddissipatejustlikewavesatseacrashontheshore.Incontrast,quantumdropletsholdtogether.Theyarelikewaveswithflattopsandverysteepsidesthatnevercomecrashingdown.Thesestrangedropletshaveahostofintriguingpredictedpropertiesthatwehaveyettoexplore.

BeingpartoftheDodd-WallsCentrehelpsusconnectandcollaboratewithresearchersinsimilarfieldsaroundNewZealand.

Theirfinancialsupportforoperatingexpensesandequipmentenablesustojointheinternationalcommunityonanevenplayingfield.

SometimesdoingaPhDcanbeisolating,especiallyinNewZealandsofarfromtherestoftheworld.Itisoftenhardtoconnectwiththewidercommunitytocollaborateandfindyouridentityinthefieldyouresearchinanditisoftenhardtonetworkwithpeopleinyourfieldwithoutanexorbitantamountoftravel.TheDodd-WallsCentrehasfundedmytraveltoaconferenceandsummerschooloverseas.Thiswouldnothavebeenpossiblewithmyuniversity’stravelfund.

MytimeatOtagohasgivenmeavarietyofopportunitiestoexploreextra-curricularactivities.MostsignificanthasbeenmyinvolvementwiththeOtagoOpticsChapter,astudentchapteroftheOSAandSPIE(internationalorganisationsinopticsandphotonics).Ihavebeenthepresidentforthepasttwoyears.Thechapterfocusesoncommunityscienceoutreachandprofessionaldevelopmentforresearchstudents.Inbothoftheseroles,wehavebeenaidedbytheDodd-WallsCentre,withfinancialandlogisticalsupport.

Outreachhasbeenamajorpartofmyworkwiththeopticschapter.Ouraimistoinspirefutureresearchersandtohelpawideraudienceunderstandthescienceoflight.Ihavethoroughlyenjoyedsharingmypassionfordiscoverywithschoolstudents.Wehavebeenfortunatetohavetheopportunityandresourcestobringthisexperiencetomoreisolatedcommunities,intheruralSouthIslandandinruralMalaysia,workingwithaMalaysianteacherscollege.

MATTHEW CHILCOTT Investigating the Fundamental Building Blocks of the Universe

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Mostrecently,thechapterorganisedthe12thConferenceonOptics,AtomsandLaserApplications,or“KOALA”.Thisisanannual,internationalstudentconferencesupportedundertheInternationalOSANetworkofStudents(IONS)programme.Itwasonlypossiblewiththehelpofoursponsors,whichincludedtheDodd-WallsCentre.

IONSKOALAbringstogetherresearchstudentsfromavarietyofdisciplineswhoshareaninterestinopticalandquantumscience.Wepresentedtalksandposters,sharedresearchinsightsandgottoknoweachother.Therewerephysicists,chemists,andbiologists,mostlyfromAustraliaandNewZealandbutalsofromtheUS,UK,Philippines,Poland,andChina.

Wecomplementedtheresearchtalkswithaseriesofplenarysessions,onopticalsimulation,nanotechnologyandmetasurfaces,precisionmeasurement,andquantumvortices.Wealsohadworkshopsandtalksoncareerskillsandscienceoutreach.Inafeedbacksurvey,attendeesreportedthattheyenjoyedthevarietyoftopicsandmadeusefulconnectionsfortheirresearchandcareers.Theyalsocommentedonthesupportivesocialatmospherewhichtookpressureoffpresentingandmadeitalotoffun.

Forme,organisingKOALAwasafascinatingexperienceandagreatopportunitytodeveloporganisationalandprofessionalskills.NowthatKOALAisoverIamlookingforwardtodivingbackintomyresearch–investigatingthequantumlevelofhowthingswork.

" BEING PART OF THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE HELPS US CONNECT AND COLLABORATE WITH RESEARCHERS IN SIMILAR FIELDS AROUND NEW ZEALAND."

" BY CREATING NEW FORMS OF QUANTUM MATTER USING ATOMS AND LASER LIGHT I AM INVESTIGATING HOW THE FUNDAMENTAL BUILDING BLOCKS OF THE UNIVERSE INTERACT. ONE DAY THIS KNOWLEDGE WILL LEAD TO LIFE-CHANGING NEW QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES."

" THEIR FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR OPERATING EXPENSES AND EQUIPMENT ENABLES US TO JOIN THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY ON AN EVEN PLAYING FIELD."

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IwasborninthesmallbeautifulstateofKeralainsouth-westernIndia.Igrewupplayingsports,fishingandlookingafterbirdsandanimals.Forgenerationsmyfamilyhavebeenfarmers.Butasaboymyfatherwasstubborn.Hewantedtogetahighereducationandso,totheshockofhisfamily,hesoldhisshareofland,gotadegreeandeventuallybecameateacher.Mymotherwasateachertoo.Thankstomyparents,Ihadaccesstogoodeducationandwasnevertoldtochooseaparticularcareerpath.

Physicswasmyfavouritesubjectatschool.Iwasintriguedbyitsrealworldapplicationsandalsohadanamazingteacherwhoencouragedandinspiredme.EvensotherewasalotofsocialpressuretoconformandinIndiatherewasabigpushtostudyengineeringormedicine.AllmyfriendsweredoingextratutorialstopreparefortheirengineeringentranceexamsandIjoinedthem-eventhoughIwasneverconvincedthatIwantedtobeanengineer.ItwasjustbeforemyfinalentranceexamsforengineeringadmissionthatIrealisedandchosetopursuephysics.

AfterallthatIseemedtobeonagreattrack.IwasacceptedintoStStephen’sCollege,thenumberonerankedsciencecollegeinIndia.IwasgoingtodowhatIlovedthemost.Howeverthingsdidn’tgotoplan.Thecurriculumwasverytheoreticalwithverylittleappliedphysicsandnoflexibilitytoselectmyinterests.Ifounditincrediblyboringandstartedtoskipclasses.Iusedtogotocollegejustforclubsandsports-InevermissedtrainingforultimateFrisbee.FortunatelyIstillpassedwithagoodscore.Towardstheendofmydegreesocialpressurebegantoloomagainandthequestion,“WhatNext?”.IwasexpectedtodoanMBAorfindajobbutsomewheredeepdownIstilllovedphysics.IdecidednottogiveupsoeasilyandfoundasummerresearchopportunityatNITTrichyon‘MagneticParticleHyperthermiatotreatcancer’.Thiswasmyfirsteverappliedresearchprojectanditchangedmylife.Feelingmotivatedagain,IdecidedtolookforaMastersinappliedphysicsandwasacceptedintoUniversityCollegeDublin(UCD),Irelandwithafullscholarship.LeavingIndiaandmyfamilywasamajorturningpointinmylife.MastersatUCDwasadreamcometrue.

Ienjoyedstudyingoptics,biophysicsandnanoscienceandmyresearchgavemetheconfidencetocontinuephysicsasmycareerchoice.IhadlearnedhowtochasethethingsIloveandnottogiveupuntilIhadgiven mybest!

IhopedtodoaPhDintheUKaftermyMasters.However,lifedidn’tgiveeasychoicesforlong.Onefinemorning,theUKoptedforBrexitandfundingandscholarshipsfornon-Europeanstudentswerecut.Afewweekslater,Iwasthevictimofracistabusefromagroupofyoungstudentsinabusandnoneofthepassengerscametomysupport.Beingmyfirstexperienceofracism,theagonyandangerIfeltwasimmense.Butthankstomyfriendsandfamily,Iovercamethedifficulttimes.Theincidenttookahugetollonmebutitmadememorepassionatetostandupforpeople’srightswheneverIseediscrimination.Istartedconsideringacountry’spoliticalconditionandinclusivenesswhenlookingforaPhDposition.

NewZealandhasalwaysamazedmewithitsbeautyandtheinclusivenessoftheculture.IcameacrossaPhDprojecttitled“Opticalsensorstopredictthequalityofmeatinrealtime”,anditwasinNewZealand!Beingahugemeatlover,Ididn’tthinktwicebeforeapplying.IgotaquickpositiveresponsefromtheprofessorsalongwithascholarshipfromtheDodd-WallsCentre.Comingherehasbeenoneofthebestdecisionsofmylife.

MyresearchisbasedintheBiophotonicsLabatTheUniversityofAucklandunderthesupervisionofFrédériqueVanholsbeeckandStéphaneCoen.Iamusingatechniquecalledopticalcoherencetomography(OCT)whichuseslaserlighttostudyfinedetailsofbiologicaltissues.Mymissionistofigureoutwaystomeasurethequalityofmeatandtotestforearlysignsofskincancer.

ABI THAMPI India to New Zealand: Moving Worlds with Physics

41

MyresearchgroupisverydiversewithanevenmixofmaleandfemalestudentsfromUkraine,Nigeria,Poland,China,IndiaandNewZealand.I’mlearningsomuchaboutdifferentculturesandtherearelotsofopportunitiestolearnandsocialisewitheachotheraswellasbeingproductive.

TheDWChasgivenmeenormoussupportandencouragementtoforgemyownpathandpursuemyinterests.That’showIstartedtravelingaroundNewZealanddoingoutreachwithkidsinruralcommunities.Iloveseeingthemcomealivewiththeexcitementofscience.Ialsolovetheculturalexperiences,likewhenagroupofschoolkidsperformedahaka.Onetimewejoinedsomekidsplayingfootballduringabreakandeveryonejoinedin.Allthelaughterandhighfiveswesharedremindedmeofmychildhood.IwouldliketothanktheDodd-WallsCentreforenablingtheseamazingexperiences.

Ithasalwaysbeenthepracticalsideofsciencethathasinspiredme.Ifit’snotusefultoanyone,what’sthepoint!?That’swhatIthink!ThroughtheDodd-WallsCentreIhavebeenofferedopportunitiestodoaresearchinnovationandcommercialisationcourse,asciencecommunicationworkshopandaninternshipwiththeOfficeofthePrimeMinister’sChiefScientificAdviser.InmyinternshipIhavebeenlookingatevidenceforhowtobestmeasuretheimpactsofscienceeducationandoutreachprogrammeswiththeaimofincreasingtheirimpact.

IlovewhereIaminlifeatthemomentbutcouldneverimaginedgettingherewithoutthesupportandguidanceofmymentorsstartingfrommyparentsandschoolteachersallthewaytotheDodd-WallsCentreandmysupervisors.Interestschange,asdocircumstances.Andsometimeslifewon’tbeeasy.ButIamdeterminedtoembracetheopportunitiesandnevergiveup.

" COMING HERE HAS BEEN ONE OF THE BEST DECISIONS OF MY LIFE."

" MY MISSION IS TO FIGURE OUT WAYS TO MEASURE THE QUALITY OF MEAT AND TO TEST FOR EARLY SIGNS OF SKIN CANCER."

" THE DWC HAS GIVEN ME ENORMOUS SUPPORT AND ENCOURAGEMENT TO FORGE MY OWN PATH AND PURSUE MY INTERESTS. THAT’S HOW I STARTED TRAVELING AROUND NEW ZEALAND DOING OUTREACH WITH KIDS IN RURAL COMMUNITIES."

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Dodd-WallsCentreresearchersandtheircollaborativeteamswereagainverysuccessfulatwinningfundingthataddstoTECCoREfundingandalignswiththeCentre’sstrategicgoals.Externalfundingwaswontosupportfundamentalscienceandpre-commercialR&Dintheagriculture,medical,andhigh-techmanufacturingindustries.Ourinvestigatorsandresearchstudentswonprizesandawards,evidenceofhighlyeffectivementoringandcapabilitybuildinginthenextgenerationofNewZealand’sworkforce.

DWC RESEARCH EXCELLENCE

NEW COMPETITIVE, EXTERNAL RESEARCH FUNDING AWARDED IN 2019 IN RECOGNITION OF EXISTING RESEARCH EXCELLENCE

OVER

$9MILLION

CATHER SIMPSON AND ALEX RISOSDWCAssociateInvestigator(Simpson)andDWCPostdoctoralFellow(Risos)TheUniversityofAuckland

MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea Grant, $999,999 Drinkingwaterpathogenmonitoringinrealtime(3years)

Grant PIs

InvestigatorsResearch Funding Awards

MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea Grant, $999,999 Non-toxichybridnanomaterialsforluminescentsolarconcentrators(3years)

Grant PI

Marsden Fund Fast Start Grant, $300,000 Photonmultiplyinglightharvestingantennasystemsforluminescentsolarconcentrators(3years)

Grant PI

NATHANIEL DAVISDWCAssociateInvestigatorVictoriaUniversityofWellington

AMITA DEBDWCAssociateInvestigatorUniversityofOtago

MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea Grant, $1,000,000 Contact-freesensingofhighvoltagesusingalaserelectrometer(3years)

Grant PI

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SARA MILLER AND KEITH GORDONDWCResearchFellow(Miller)andDWCPrincipalInvestigator(Gordon)UniversityofOtago

MBIE Endeavour Smart Idea Grant, $999,999 Diagnosisbylight:Anendoscopicprobeforbiopsy-freediagnosisofgastrointestinaldiseases(3years)

Grant PI (Miller)Grant AI (Gordon)

Marsden Fund Fast Start Grant, $300,000 Developmentandassessmentofamulti-spectroscopicfiberopticprobecapableofdiseasediagnosisinthegastrointestinaltract(3years)

Grant PI (Miller)Grant AI (Gordon)

BLAIR BLAKIE AND DANNY BAILLIEDWCPrincipalInvestigator(Blakie)andDWCPostdoctoralFellow(Baillie)UniversityofOtago

Marsden Fund Standard Grant, $891,000 Binarymagneticgas–thenextgenerationquantum-liquid(3years)

Grant PIs

BERND KRAUSKOPFDWCPrincipalInvestigatorTheUniversityofAuckland

Marsden Fund Standard Grant, $689,000 Feedbackloopsinclimatesystems:themathsofdelaysandtheconsequences(3years)

Grant PI

NIELS KJÆRGAARD AND JAMES CROFTDWCPrincipalInvestigator(Kjærgaard)andDWCResearchFellow(Croft)UniversityofOtago

Marsden Fund Standard Grant,$891,000 Reactivecoldcollisionsinsteerableopticaltweezers(3years)

Grant PI (Kjærgaard)Grant AI (Croft)

44

GEOFFREY WATERHOUSE

DWCPrincipalInvestigatorTheUniversityofAuckland

Shandong Provincial Distinguished Foreign Expert Award, $270,000 (3years)

Grant PI

STUART MURDOCH, STÉPHANE COEN AND MIRO ERKINTALODWCPrincipalInvestigatorsTheUniversityofAuckland

Marsden Fund Standard Grant, $922,000 Multimodemicroresonatoropticalfrequencycombs(3years)

Grant PI (Murdoch)Grant AIs (Coen and Erkintalo)

CLAUDE AGUERGARAY, NEIL BRODERICK AND MIRO ERKINTALODWCAssociateInvestigator(Aguergaray)andDWCPrincipalInvestigators(BroderickandErkintalo)TheUniversityofAuckland

Marsden Fund Standard Grant, $960,000 Newpulsedynamicsforthelasersoftomorrow (3years)

Grant PI (Aguergaray)Grant AIs (Broderick and Erkintalo)

Prizes and Peer RecognitionCATHER SIMPSON AwardedthePickeringMedalbytheNewZealandRoyalSocietyTeApārangi

KEITH GORDON AwardedtheMacDiarmidMedalbytheNewZealandRoyalSocietyTeApārangiAwardedthe2019RoyalSocietyofChemistryAustralasianLectureship

IAN GRIFFIN MadeaCompanionoftheNewZealandRoyalSocietyTeApārangi

BRENDAN MCCANE & HAMZA BENNANI BestPaperAward.ImageandVisionComputingNZ,2019.

45

JAMES HOPEPhDcandidate,TheUniversity ofAuckland Supervisor:FrédériqueVanholsbeeck

Claude McCarthy Fellowship, UniversitiesNewZealand

ABI THAMPIPhDcandidate,TheUniversity ofAuckland Supervisor:FrédériqueVanholsbeeck

RHT Bates Postgraduate Scholarship,NewZealandRoyalSocietyTeApārangi

FANG OUPhDcandidate,TheUniversity ofAuckland PrimarySupervisor:FrédériqueVanholsbeeck

Semi-finalist, St Gallen Wings of Excellence Award,StGallenSymposium,Switzerland

Students

SUZANNE OTTO

PhDcandidate,University ofOtago Supervisors:NielsKjærgaardandAmitaDeb

Poster Prize,ICOLS

KEVIN STITELYPhDcandidate,TheUniversity ofAuckland PrimarySupervisor:BerndKrauskopf

People’s Choice Presentation Award,ConferenceonOptics,Atoms,andLaserApplications(KOALA)

Presentation Award, MathematicsStudentResearchConference,TheUniversity ofAuckland

Best Poster Award, InternationalConferenceonLaserSpectroscopy(ICOLS

JAMIN MARTINPhDcandidate,University ofCanterbury Supervisor:Jon-PaulWells

Poster Prize,DPCConference

46

TheICAVSconferencewasheldinAucklandinmid-July.Ithadplenaryspeakersfromacademiaandindustryfromallovertheworld(includingClareStrachanfromtheUniversityofHelsinkiandSteveHolroydfromFonterraCooperativeLtdhereinNewZealand).Thefocusoftheconferencewastheexpansivefieldthatisvibrationalspectroscopy.Thepresentationsrangedfromthefundamentalsandapplicationofplasmon-enhancedRamanspectroscopytoatalkonthejourneytotheuseofmid-infraredtechnologyforblood-serumbraintumourtriagingintohospitals.

2019 CONFERENCE HIGHLIGHTS

In 2019 the Dodd-Walls Centre organised and hosted four major international conferences. The content of the conferences ranged from quantum clocks to the use of spectroscopy for clinical diagnosis. These conferences showcased New Zealand, and the research undertaken here in Aotearoa, to our international colleagues and collaborators and collectively the conferences brought over 770 researchers together. Here is a snapshot of a very busy year of conference hosting.

The International Conference on Vibrational Spectroscopy (ICAVS)

KārlisBērziņš(postersession3prizewinner)describinghisresearchtoanotherICAVSattendee.

The International Conference on Laser Spectroscopy (ICOLS)InlateJulyQueenstownwasabuzzwithscientistsfromallovertheworldwhogatheredtosharedevelopmentsandapplicationsofprecisionmeasurementandcontrolinatomicsystemsattheICOLSconference.Arguablyoneofourmosteminentkeynotespeakersin2019wasNobelLaureateProfessorEricCornell.EricisanAmericanphysicistwho,withCarlWiemanandWolfgangKetterle,wontheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2001forcreatinganewultracoldstateofmatter,theso-calledBose-Einsteincondensate(BEC).TheexistenceofthecondensatehadbeenpredictedbyAlbertEinstein,amongothers,andCornellhadbeensearchingforitforover10yearsbeforehisbreakthough-whichwasdiscoveringthatchillingandslowingatomscausedthemtomergeintoasingleentity.Whilehereasourguest,EricalsogaveapublictalkandwasinterviewedbyKimHillonNationalRadio(youcanfindthepodcastfromSaturdayMorning13JulyontheRadioNewZealandwebsite).

EricCornellsnappedduringararequietmomentatICOLS.

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HeldinNovemberAPOSbroughttogetherover175researchersfromtheAsiaandPacificwiththecommonthemebeingopticalsensing.HeikeEbendorff-Heidepriem(UniversityofAdelaide)highlightedtheachievementsofherlaboratory’sresearchintoadaptingthepropertiesofopticalfibresusingphysicalandchemicalmechanismstosensing,andhowherlaboratoryhascollaboratedsuccessfullywithindustry.WhileHelenPask(MacquaireUniversity)outlinedherlaboratory’suseofRamanspectroscopytoremotelymeasuresubsurfacewatertemperature,thepotentialapplicationsofwhichareeasytoseeasoceantemperaturemonitoringisbecomingincreasinglyimportant.OurDeputyDirector,NeilBroderick,describedhisforaysintothefieldwithKaspervanWijk,JamesLoveday,andothernationalandinternationalscientistsinterestedinstudyingNZ’salpinefault pre-earthquake.

AhighlightformanyoftheattendeeswerethesmallgrouptoursofthePhotonFactoryfacilities.

AnotherinitiativeattheconferencewastheEquityandDiversityPanelwhichwassponsoredbytheDodd-WallsCentre.Thepurposeofthepanelwastotalkaboutinitiativesandstrategies,successfulornot,thatpeoplehavetriedtobuildmoreequitable,inclusiveanddiverseenvironments.Thepaneldiscussionhighlightedtheimportanceofoutreachandthecreationofstrongnetworksforpeoplefromunder-representedgroups.Thepaneldiscussionsnotedthatoutreach,particularlytoruralregions,isimportanttonormalisetheideaofSTEMcareersinthemindsofchildrengrowingupintheseareas.TheDodd-WallssponsoredGreatNorthlandTourandScienceWānangawerecitedasexcellentexamplesofreachinghardtoreachcommunities.

The Asia Pacific Conference on Optical Sensors (APOS)

InternationalgueststouringthePhotonFactory.

APOSpanellists(fromleft)KaeNemoto(NationalInstituteofInformatics,Japan),WeitaoLiu(FudanUniversity,China),JudithDawes(MQPhotonicsResearchCentre,MacquarieUniversity),DawnTan(SingaporeUniversityofTechnologyandDesign,Singapore),KeithGordon(UniversityofOtago,NewZealand)(photocredit:StephaneCoen).

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Launch of 2nd Centre for Illumination: Mighty Small Mighty BrightFollowingthesuccessoftheCentreforIlluminationwithintheOtagoMuseum’sDiscoveryWorldandnowTūhuraScienceCentre,planninghasbeenunderwayoverthelasttwoyearstodevelopasimilarconceptthatcouldbesharedmorewidelyacrossNewZealand.TheDWCpartneredwithAuckland’sMuseumforTransportandTechnology(MOTAT)andtheMacDiarmidInstitutetodevelopMighty Small Mighty Bright (MSMB).

MSMBisamobile,modularandinteractiveexhibitiondesignedtodemystifythesciencebehindphotonicsandshowcasecuttingedgephotonics-basedtechnology.Suchtechnologies,andtheirapplicationstoreallifeproblems,aredrivingmassiveeconomic,environmentalandsocialchange,soakeyaimforMSMBistoofferafunwaytoexploretheseprinciplesandinspirefuturescientists.

TheMSMBshowcasewasunveiledatMOTATon17May2019,overitsexhibitionperioduptoSeptember2019itattractedover80,000visitors.ItiscurrentlyopentothepublicatTeManawaMuseuminPalmerstonNorth;afterApril2020itwillbeondisplayatNelsonMuseum.

EDUCATIONAL AND PUBLIC OUTREACH

The Dodd-Walls Centre continued its commitment to Education and Public Outreach activities in 2019, delivering a range of events across Aotearoa and beyond. These events give the Dodd-Walls Centre an opportunity to share the breadth of the research conducted at the Centre and the wide range of collaborations with researchers in areas of food, health and medical technologies, geophysics and astronomy. Often the audiences are not aware of the role physics has to play in these diverse areas. Another key outcome of these activities is our ability to reach school students as they are shaping their career goals and aspirations, in line with a new programme being developed by TEC (Inspiring the Futures). As well as building on and extending outreach platforms and events that the team have used in the past, such as with the Lab in a Box and Science Wānanga, new approaches were trialled to reach non-traditional audiences you can read about these in this section.

Selected Highlights from 2019

MightySmallMightyBrightatMOTAT.

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Extreme Science II: Taking Science Engagement to Aotearoa’s Most Remote CommunitiesThisDWC-basedprojectwasalsosupportedbyfundingfromMBIE’sUnlockingCuriousMindsfund($30,000GSTexcl.).Ourgoalwastoengagegeographicallyhard-to-reachNewZealanderstoigniteandfuelenthusiasmforscience.

32schoolsessionsand12publiceveningevents,reached2,169individualsacrosssixofNewZealand’smost far-flungregions,includingtheEastCape,Fiordland,StewartIsland/Rakiura,Northland,theWestCoastandAoteaGreatBarrierIsland.Ateachoftheselocations,weengagedwiththelocalcommunitythroughschoolvisitsandfreepubliceveningeventsusinghands-onscienceactivities,experttalks,andastronomysessionsin aportableplanetarium.

Theresultswereoverwhelming.Wefarexceededouroriginallyanticipatedtargetfornumberofpeopletobedirectlyengaged(900)andeveryregionhasaskedustoreturnforarepeatvisit.Theconnectionsmadewiththeseschoolsandcommunitiesisanenduringandsignificantoutput,astheynowhaveaccesstoscientistsandsciencecommunicatorsthattheycanturntoforadviceandquestions.Thecommunitieswereachedallnotedthevalueofthisengagementattheirplaceandhowrare,butimportant,thiswastothem.

GreatBarrierIslandKaitokiPrimarySchoollearningaboutspectroscopy.EastCapeTikitikijuniorsshowofftheirLEDbracelets.

Great Northland Science Roadshow 2.0InsupportoftheExtreme Science II project,DoddWallsCentrestudentsorganisedanextensiveNorthlandRoadshowfocussedonre-engagingschoolsfromthepreviousyear’sRoadshowtostrengthentherelationshipsformed.16PhDstudentsworkedwithover600studentsandmembersofthepublicacrossfiveNorthlandlocations.TheteamalsohostedapublicsciencefairattheKerikeriPrimarySchoolhalltoattractfamiliesandyounglearners.

50

Engaging Pacifika in Science TheDWCoutreachteammadeaconcertedefforttoincreaseitsengagementandconnectionswiththePacifikacommunityover2019.ThisrangedfromsupportingPacific-centredschoolsandpreschoolstoparticipateinscienceexperiencesbyprovidingtransporttoscienceevents,throughtotakingoutreachactivitiestoPacifikacommunitiesacrossAotearoaandtothePacificIslandsdirectly.

In2019theteamforgedaverypositiverelationshipwithPacificPowerUP,acommunity-runeducationprogrammethataimstosupportPacificparents,familiesandcommunitiestochampiontheirchildren’slearning.Itprovidessupporttoprimaryandsecondarystudents,andasafeandculturallyalignedlearningenvironmentforthesechildren.EveningscienceengagementeventshostedbyPacificPowerUpwereverywellattendedbyover150people.EngagementhavebeenundertakeninOamaruandDunedin,withplanstoextendthistootherregionsinfuture.

ThroughitspartnershipwithOtagoMuseum,DWCengagedwithover2,000TonganandFijianstudentsandtheirteachersduringanextensiveOtagoMuseum-ledPacificoutreachtourofFijiandTonga.Thepositivefeedbackreceivedwasremarkable,andwiththesecommunitieshavingveryclosetieswithfamilyandwhānauinAotearoa,theimpactofthesevisitsislikelytobefarreaching.

PukekoPreschool(MangereEast)visitMOTAT. SchoolvisitaspartofPacificPowerUP.

TongaHighSchoolstudentsarriveforoutreachsession. Suvaschoolstudentstestingdiffractionglasses.

RakirakiMethodistPrimarySchool. PenangHighSchool,Fiji.

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Quantum Shorts Film FestivalInpartnershipwiththeNationalUniversityofSingapore’sCentreforQuantumTechnologies,theDWChostedthefirsteverscreeningoftheQuantumShortsfilmfestivalinNewZealand.EntriesfromallovertheworldwerereceivedandtheshortlistedfinalistswerescreenedatOtagoMuseumoverFebruaryandMarch2019.TheDWCwasanofficialsciencepartnerofthefestivalandtheDWCDirector,ProfessorDavidHutchinson,wasoneofthejudges.TheOtagoMuseumwasanofficialscreeningpartner.TheseQuantumShortfilmswereenjoyedbythepublicandresearchcommunityalike,withsessionsinvolvingresearchersfromtheDWChostingQ&Asessionswiththepublictohelpinterpretanddiscussthequantumconceptsthatinspiredthefilms.

International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Winter College on Applications of Optics and Photonics in Food Science50PhDstudentsandemergingresearchersfromaroundtheworldattendedthewintercollegefocusedoninnovativeapplicationsofopticsandphotonicstofoodandagriculture.TheDWC’sProfessorCatherSimpsonwasamongtheinternationalorganiserswhodevelopedaprogramonderivingimpactthroughresearchandentrepreneurship.TheoutreachteamhostedlabworkshopsmakingRaspberryPispectrometers,anddemonstratingtheirlight-basedwaterqualitykit.ParticipantseachreceivedalowcostcolorimeterandspectrometerinthelabsessionsrunbyAndy(Xindi)Wang.Theselow-costhandsonkitspiquedtheinterestseveraloftheattendeesinvolvedinscienceeducationandoutreachinPakistan,IranandGhana.

UNESCO International Day of Women and Girls in ScienceToencourageyoungfemalestopursuecareersinscience,and,aspartofthecelebrationofUNESCO’sInternationalDayofWomenandGirlsinScience,theDodd-WallsCentrecollaboratedwithOtagoMuseumtohostaseriesofworkshopsleadbyGirlBossNZ’sAlexiaHilbertidou.Hilbertidou’sChangemakehersworkshopswelcomedY7–Y10studentsfromarangeofschoolsacrossDunedin,withverypositivefeedbackasdemonstratedintheevaluationcaptured(seebelow).

ICTPWinterCollege.

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Giventhesuccessofthisinitiative,theDWCandOtagoMuseumsubmittedasuccessfulproposaltotheMBIEUnlockingCuriousMindsfundtoextendthisinitiativeofengagingmoreyoungwomeninscienceandportrayingmorefemalesasrolemodelsforcareersinSTE(A)M.

Enlighten – UNSECO International Day of Light Celebrations TheUNESCOInternationalDayofLight(May16)aimstohighlighttherolelightplaysinart,culture,science,andtechnology,includinghowitisincreasinglyharnessedandappliedinphotonic-basedtechnologiesthatplayrolesinfieldsasdiverseasmedicine,communicationandenergy.

TheDWCteamorganisedanddeliveredalargerangeofeventstomarktheUNESCOInternationalDayofLight,bothinthelead-uptoandfollowingtheday.Theseincluded:

• TakingtheLab in a Box,toPioneerParkandCentralStoriesinAlexandratoengagelocalsandtouristswithlightandopticsdemonstrations,andthenontotheQueenstownLUMAfestivaltounveilsomeofthescience-basedsecretsbehindLUMA’slight-basedsculpturesandinstallations.

• InternationalDayofLightScienceFair(11May)allowedDodd-WallsCentrestudentsandinvestigatorstoshowcasetheroleofphotonicsandopticsintheroleofeverydaylife.CollaborationwiththeEllenMelvilleCentreinAucklandmeantthatthesciencefairwasabletotakeadvantageofthewideopenspaceofFreybergSquaretoattractalargenumberoffamilieswithchildrenofvariousages.

• EnlightenOpenDay(18May)atOtagoMuseumenabledvisitorstoexplorethespectrumoflightfrominfraredtoultraviolet,learnabouthowfibreopticsmakesuseoftotalinternalreflectiontobringlightningfastinternetspeedsanddiscoverthechallengeofmanagingreflectionsingamesoflaserchess.

LIABandDWCteamatLUMAFestival,Queenstown.

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Redefinition of the SI UnitsThe20May2019sawamajorchangetotheInternationalSystemofUnits(SI).TheSIisthegloballyagreedbasisforexpressingmeasurementsinallareasofscienceandtechnology.FourSIbaseunits,thekilogram,ampere,kelvin,andmole,wereofficiallyredefinedusingexactnumericalvaluesforthePlanckconstant(h),theelementaryelectriccharge(e),theBoltzmannconstant (kB),andtheAvogadroconstant(NA),respectively.

TheDWCoutreachteamworkedwithMeasurementStandardsLaboratoryofNewZealand(MSL)todeliverworkshopsthroughoutNewZealandoverMarchtoMay2019tomarkthisevent.Theworkshopswereopentothepublicandindustry.Theyoutlinedthereasonforthechangesandsharedtheimpactthechangesmightbring,andwerecoupledwithdisplaysthathelpeddemystifythescienceofprecisionmeasurement.

SIRedefinitionWorkshopatOtagoMuseum(March2019).

Tuia 250 – First EncountersTocelebratetheanniversaryofCaptainCookobservingthetransitofMercury,LabinABoxwastransportedtoMercuryBayMuseuminconjunctionwiththeTuia250MercuryRisingprojectteam.From7–10November,theoutreachteamranschoolvisitsandcommunityscienceshowsaboutphysicsandastronomyontheEastCoastoftheNorthIsland.LabinABoxwasthenmovedtoCook’sBeachforanall-nightStarPartyandtoviewthetransitofMercuryatsunriseon12November.

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What’s in our water: Shining a light on water quality ThisMBIEUnlockingCuriousMindsproject($30,000GSTexcl.)wasledbyDWCOutreachCoordinatorAndyWang.Theprojectmadeanddelivered200watertestingkitscapableofquantifyingdissolvednitrateinfreshandsaltwater.DeliverywasfocusedonschoolsandcommunitygroupsinSouthAuckland,partneringwithTePuaNgaMaaracollectivetoworkwithyoungpeoplefromManurewa,PapatuanukuandMakauraumarae.TheprojectwasextendedtoNorthlandthroughtwowānangaatHihiauaCulturalCentrethankstoourcollaborationwithmaramatakatohunga(Maorilunarcalendarexpert)RereataMakiha.AltogetherWhat’s in our waterwasabletoreachapproximately400individualsacrossNorthland,Taranaki,AucklandandTauranga.ThestudentsatTeWharekuraoManurewaareusingthewatertestingkitsproducedfromthisprojecttomeasurethenitratelevelsoftheirlocalstream.BeginninginAugust2019,studentsfromthekuraworkedwithDWCoutreachteammemberAndyWangtoobtainnitratemeasurementsonaweeklybasisprovidingthemtheopportunitytodevelopahighlevelofproficiencywiththekit.ThestudentsweresubsequentlyengagedbyAucklandCouncil asfacilitatorsduringactivationsattheWiriCatchmentPond.

New Student Chapter in global health technologyTheSTEMforGlobalHealth(STEMGHNZ)studentchapterhasbuiltaseriesoflocalandinternationalrelationshipsconnectingschoolsinTongawiththoseinAuckland.Thestudentchapterhasalsousedtheopticalheart-ratemonitorsinaterm-longworkshopatOrmistonJuniorCollegetoshowtheapplicationofphotonicsandengineeringtocreatingsolutionsformedicaldevices.Thisconnectionculminatedinaweek-longexchangetripbyfourstudentsfromOrmistonJuniorCollegetoTongaHighSchool.DWCResearchFellow,DrJamiShepherd,visitedTongawithSTEMGHNZpresidentCatrionaMillerandtheircollaboratorsfromtheUniversityofCanterbury.TheirtriptookthemtoVaiolaHospitalandtheoutlyingclinicsonTongataputolearnaboutthehealthcarefacilitiesavailableandtheaspirationsofthemedicalandtechnicalteamsinthesefacilities:thechapteraimstosendateamofstudentstosupportthelocaldevicetechniciansin2020.

Aswellasworkingwithprimaryandsecondaryschoolstudents,thestudentchapterhasrunanIdea-thonforstudentsattheUniversityofAuckland.TheIdea-thon,whichwasattendedby25students,servedasaplatformtodiscussnewideasandinitiativesforthestudentchapter.Thefocusforthisyearwasthedevelopmentoflow-costandeasytomaintainsensortechnologyforbetterhealthoutcomesinnationsinthePacific.

Super STEM Fair (MOTAT)Over1,600visitorscametoseethephysicsdemonstrationsfromDodd-WallsCentrestudents.Thelong-standingrelationshipbetweenDWCresearchersandMOTATmeansthereiscontinuedengagementwithfamiliesinAuckland.TheeventallowsresearchersoftheDWCtoshowtheirworktoalargenumberoffamiliesintheircommunityandtodiscussinterestingscienceinaninformalsetting.OveralltheSTEMfairhelpsbuildthesensethatscientistsareapproachablepeoplewhoaregoodatexplainingtheirworkinawaythatunravelscomplexitieswhilebreakingdownbarrierssuchascomplexlanguage.

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Photonicsandquantumtechnologiesunderpinproductsandservicesinavastrangeofindustriesinthemoderneconomy.Thetotalrevenueofcorephotonicscomponentindustriesismeasuredinthehundreds-of-billionsofdollarsgloballywhilethevalueofindustriesenabledbyphotonicsisworthtrillionsofdollars.Muchoftheinfluenceofthesetechnologiesishidden,pervasivethoughitis,andtheDodd-WallsCentreaimstoensurewiderrecognitionoftheirimportance,whileleveragingNewZealand’sresearchstrengthsforthebenefitofoureconomy.AsaCentreofResearchExcellence,weaimtotrainanappropriatelyskilledworkforceandtoattracttheworld’sbesttalenttoenhancethegrowthofNewZealand’shigh-techmanufacturingindustries.WearecurrentlysupportingthedevelopmentofadatabaseofphotonicscompaniesinAustraliaandNewZealandincollaborationwiththeAustralianOpticalSociety,toquantifytheimportanceofthissector.ArecentsurveyofthephotonicssectorinAustraliaandNewZealandfoundthatthephotonicsindustryinNZisalreadyworthatleast$1.2billionandisgrowingat10%perannum;theCentrecontributedtothissurveyandtheresultantreportwillbereleasedinearly2020.PhotonicsisanidealfocusforNewZealandcompaniesbecausethecapitalinvestmentrequirementsaremodestwhiletheproductsareofhighvalueandarerelativelylowcosttodeployinthemarket.Thebarrierstoentryinthephotonicsmarketplacearerelativelylowanditisconsiderablylesscomplexthanseveralotherhigh-techareastoestablishnewandprofitableenterprises.

Ourresearchersundertakeprojectsthatrangefromthefundamentaltothecommerciallyfocussed,exposingourstudentstothespectrumofresearch.Wealsoofferourstudentsopportunitiessuchasinternshipsandprovideupskillingevents,forexample,workshopsonintellectualpropertyconsiderationsincommercialresearchandpitchingsessions.WehaveexamplesofstudentswhohaveprogressedaspostgraduatesthroughtheCentreandhavebeenemployedinspinoutsthathaveclosetiestotheCentresuchasEngenderTechnologiesandOrbisDiagnostics.

Throughourwidenetworkandthenationalrepresentationofourmembers,weareabletoengagewithindustryacrossthecountryandglobally,inamorefullyrepresentativewaythananysingleentityworkingalone.Byrepresentingourexpertiseataninternationallevel,wearewellplacedtoseekopportunitiesbeyondourCentremembers,forthewiderbenefitofNewZealand.

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INDUSTRY ACTIVITIES

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Selected Highlights from 2019

ProfessorCatherSimpsonenthusingtheaudienceathertalk.

Techweek19: Lasers, Sperm and other Great Ideas: Celebrating Academic EntrepreneurshipTheDWChostedaHiglightEventinAucklandforTechweek19.ItwasalivelyeventemceedbyNgaioMerrick withspeakersincludingHonMeganWoods,ProfessorCatherSimpsonandCharlotteWalshe.

TheeventfocussedonProfessorCatherSimpson’sjourneyfromanideatoacquisition(forEngender),and herthoughtsonhowtoencourageacademicentrepreneurship.AttendeesincludesDWCmembers,members oftheinnovationnetwork,MBIE,Callaghanandtheinvestmentcommunity.

MinisterWoodsattendedandspokeinhercapacityasMinisterforResearch,ScienceandInnovation.She spoketothesuccessoftheCentresofResearchExcellence(CoREs),includingtheimportanceoftherole theCoREsplayinthenationalinnovationsystemascatalystsofideasandgroundbreakingresearch.ShecommendedtheDodd-WallsCentreonbeingagreatexampleofasuccessfulCentreofResearchExcellence withourinternationallyacknowledged,groundbreakingresearch.Ourcommitmenttoourdiversityand genderequityalsoreceivedaspecialmentionwithregardtoourCarer’sFund.

“I would like to commend the Dodd-Walls Centre researchers and board members for your contribution to cutting-edge research in the fields of quantum optics, photonics and precision atomic physics, and your overall contribution to science and innovation in New Zealand.”

MinisterWoods,Dodd-WallsTechweek19speech

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Office of the Prime Minister’s Chief Science Advisor InternshipsIn2019wecreatedandfundedaseriesofinternshipswiththeOfficeofthePrimeMinister’sChiefScienceAdvisor(OPMCSA)tosupportcapabilitydevelopmentattheinterfacebetweenresearchandpolicyandcreateopportunitiesforourstudentsandearlycareerresearcherstogainvaluableexperienceinthedisseminationofresearchoutcomes.

TheinternshipsareflexibletermsofFTEandlength,andthetopictoworkofmutualinteresttoDWCand theOPMCSA.

Thefirstofourinternscompletedherinternshipinlate2019,hereisherreflectionontheopportunity:

INTERNSHIP REFLECTION: FANG (RACHEL) OURecentdevelopmentsinartificialintelligence(AI)andmachinelearningisexpectedtohavewide-reachingeffectsforfuturejobmarketsandskillsrequirements.ManycommentatorsanticipatethatAIcouldamplifyskillsdifferencesandmakesomejobsobsoletewhileemphasisingothers.Educationisafoundationalelementofanation’swellbeing,economicproductivityandcompetitiveness,anditiscrucialtopreparethenextgenerationforthefutureofworkappropriately.

WhatdoesAImeanforthefutureoflearningandteaching,andhowmightitinfluenceoureducationsystem?Duringmyinternship,IhadthepleasureofexploringthesebroadquestionstoprovidesomecontexttofacilitatefurtherdiscussionsregardingAIandeducationinAotearoaNewZealand.AIisconsidereda‘general-purpose’technologyanditisoftencomparedtoelectricity.AIcaninfluencesomanyprocessesinsomanyaspectsoflife,therefore,toimagineAI’sfulltransformativepotentialineducationweneedtoalsoconsideritslikelyinfluencesonwork,lifestyleandsocialnorms.

MyinternshipfocusedonsurveyingrelevantdevelopmentsintheprivatesectorworldwideandhowtheinternationalpoliticalinterestinAItechnologiesisbeingtranslatedintoeducationpolicy.Followingthebroadbackgroundscopingofkeyliteratureandinternationalpolicydocuments,Iorganisedthemainfindingsunderfourmainideas,eachrepresentinganopportunityofharnessingAIforeducationinAotearoaNewZealand.Thefouropportunitiesareoutlinedina20-pagereportwhichdescribedthepossibilitiesof(i)assistingteachersviaAI-augmentedteaching(ii)theexpansionofadaptive,equitableandinclusivelearning(iii)theoptiontorethinktheaimofeducation,and(iv)transformingeducationplanningandmanagement.Ifoundmyinternshipworktobeextremelyrewarding,andIamexcitedthattheOfficeofthePrimeMinister’sChiefScienceAdvisor(OPMCSA)willcontinuetoworkinthisareaandbuilduponitin2020.

IreallyenjoyedmyinternshipattheOPMCSA.Itwasfascinatingtoexplorein-depththevariouspossibilitiesofthefutureofeducationandemergingtechnologies–topicsofpersonalinterest.Ialsolovedtheprocessofscoping,synthesisinganddistillingbroad,complexideasintomorestructuredandorganisedinsights.Thisexperiencehasopenedmyperspectiveofthepotentialwaysscientistscancontributetosocietyoutsideofacademiaandshowedmehowskillsgainedfromasciencetrainingcouldbeadvantageousinthepublicsector.

IamverygratefultotheDodd-WallsCentreforthisrareandpreciousopportunitytocontributetothedevelopmentsofAotearoaNewZealandinthepublicsectorspace.SpecialthankstoJulietGerrard,StuartMcNaughtonandtheentireteamatOPMCSAforyourguidance,help,fantasticcompanyandintegratingmeintoyourexcitingworldofworkattheintersectionofscienceandpolicy!

In2020,twomembersoftheDWC–aPhDstudentandapostdoc-willbecompletinginternshipswiththeOffice,supportedbytheDWC.

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Return On Science DrNateDavies,AssociateInvestigatorandlectureratVictoriaUniversityofWellington,presentedhisSmartIdeasapplicationanddiscussedhisimplementationpathwaywiththeReturnOnSciencePhysicalSciencesCommittee.TheCommitteewasabletogivedirection,adviceandcontactstostrengthenhisbid.Thisstrengthenedhisbidandhewasawarded$1millionoverthreeyearsforhisresearch‘Non-toxic hybrid nanomaterials for luminescent solar concentrators.’

InMay,theCommitteeheldameetingdominatedbytheDodd-WallsCentrewithpresentationsbeingmadebythreeDWCstudents(AbiThampi,FangOuandRakeshArul).ThestudentspresentedtoCommitteeontheirresearchtopicsandcareerplans.TheCommitteeprovidedadviceandfeedbacktothestudentswhonotonlygainedinsightintotheCommittee,itsroleanditsmembersbuttheyalsobenefittedfromtheconnectionsoftheCommitteemembers.

Better Metrics for Environmental Monitoring: The Inaugural New Zealand Global Environmental Measuring and Monitoring (GEMM) Network MeetingTheDodd-WallsCentre,incollaborationwithTheOpticalSocietyofAmerica(OSA)andtheAmericanGeophysicalUnion(AGU),heldtheinauguralworkshopoftheNewZealandNodeoftheGlobalEnvironmentalMeasuringandMonitoring(GEMM)networkinWellingtonon15thNovember2019attheRoyalSocietyTeApārangi.ThisworkshopwasthefirststepintheestablishmentoftheNewZealandGEMMnode;onceestablished,thiswillbetheonlynodeinAustralasia.

TheGEMMNetworkisacollaborativenetworkbetweengroupsfromdiversebackgroundsandskillsets,dedicatedtodevelopingnewmonitoringtechnologiesenablingimprovedcollectionofenvironmentaldata.Thenetworkhasnodesspreadaroundtheworld,eachofwhichconcentratesonissueswhichareofparticularimportancelocally.Forexample,California’slocalissuesfocusonairqualitycausedbyforestfires,whiletheCanadiannodefocusesonmeltingofthepermafrost.Theiraimistousetheimproveddatatohelpinformdecisionmakinginresponsetoclimatechange.

Jose Pozo public talksInOctober2019theDodd-WallshostedtwopresentationswithJosePozo,ChiefTechnologyOfficeroftheEuropean PhotonicsIndustryConsortium,inChristchurchandAuckland.

Whilstquantumcomputingandquantumcryptographygainalltheheadlinesinthepopularpress,newquantumtechnologiesarescheduledtotransformallindustries–includingthemanufacturing,biomedicalandsensingsectors.Josesummarisedtheplansfortheworld’slargestcompaniesfortheintroductionofarangeofquantumtechnologiesonatimescaleof3,5and 10years.

OurChristchurcheventwasrunincollaborationwiththeMinistryofAwesomeandTeŌhaka-CentreforGrowth&Innovation.Thetwoeventsstimulatedsomegreatdiscussionsandprovidedanopportunitytoseetheinvestmentsbeingmadeinquantumtechnologiesinthenorthernhemisphere.Theaudienceatbotheventssawrepresentativesfromtheconsultancysector,industry,theresearchsector,thepublicandgovernmentincludingthePrimeMinistersChiefScienceAdvisor (DrJulietGerrard).

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VALUE CREATION IN THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE

IMPACTS AND OUTCOMES• Short term: direct impact of DWC research, training, industry contracts, education outreach• Medium term: contribution to future workforce, wealth generation and increased science

literacy; increase in number of STEM students; increased connectivity between the science andindustry sectors

• Long term: capability development for industry through high quality training of a researchworkforce skilled in the application of research; contributions to the place of science in societyand the economy; growth of the high-tech industry sector in NZ and new high-value products;better decision making through increased science literacy; increased wellbeing throughimproved economic performance and equity

ACTIVITIES AND OUTPUTS• Excellence in research outputs and professional activities• Creation of new knowledge• IP commercialisation and co-creation of IP with partners in R&D contracts• Training and career developpment for researchers and students• Educational activities and resources• Productive national and international relationships• Increased collaborations and increased external funding

STRUCTURE AND OPERATIONS• Research and collaboration (nationally and internationally)• Competence and capacity development of researchers and students• Engagement and collaboration with industry• Educational and public outreach activities• Excellent governance and management practices• Strong scientific and industry advisory panels comprised of leading scientists and industryleaders respectively

CAPITAL INPUTS• Human and intellectual capital• Manufactured capital (physical assets)• Financial capital

TheDodd-WallsCentre’sresearchthemesandmanagementteamsarelinkedandresourcedsuchthatthecapitalresourceseffectivelysupportactivitiesandproduceoutputsthatovertimearedeliveringimpactandachievingstrategicoutcomes.TheDodd-WallsCentre’svaluechainisillustratedhere:

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Increased Scientific Impact

• Fostercutting-edgetranslationalresearchbycollaborationacrossdifferentareasofresearch

• Establishapipelineofnewresearchtoscientificandindustrialcommunities

• EstablishNewZealandasahubofinternationalconferencesandevents

• RaisetheinternationalprofileoftheDodd-WallsCentreasaworld-classresearchcentre

Enhanced Economic Output

• Newstart-upbusinesseswithsupportfromexternalcapital

• FosterinitiativeswithestablishedNewZealandenterprises

• Attractinvestmentfromoverseasmulti-nationalcorporations

A Stronger Workforce

• Buildexpertiseinresearchtranslationtocommercialisation• Buildapoolofhighlytrainedindividualswithinterestinhigh-techandotherskilledjobs• Linkthepoolofhighlytrainedindividualstocompaniesinneedoftheseskills

Better Careers

• Fosterskillsthat enableavarietyofcareeroptionsforstudentsandstaff

• EnhancecareerdevelopmentthroughopportunitiesforleadershipwithintheDodd-WallsCentre

• Addressbarrierstoparticipationoradvancementrelatedtogenderanddiversity

Improved Decision-Making

• Offeradviceonmattersofscientificortechnologicalimportancetogovernment

• Useandsharebestpracticegovernanceandmanagementforresearchcentres

• Engagewithgovernmentagenciesaboutperformanceandimpact

• Useperformancereportstodemonstratehowoutcomeswillbeachieved

Improved Scientific Literacy

• Educationaloutreachprogrammesestablishedoraugmentedthroughmuseumsandinruralareas

• Programmesenhancetheexperienceoflearningaboutscience,encouragingfurtherparticipationbystudents,teachers,whānauandthegeneralpublic

• Scientificeducationalmaterialsgeneratedaspartoftheprogrammesisavailabletoteachers

STRATEGIC OUTCOMESThe research plan of the Dodd-Walls Centre and our strategic initiatives will deliver results in six key outcome areas as follows:

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WE CONTINUE TO BE RANKED IN THE TOP TEN

INSTITUTIONS FROM NEW ZEALAND IN THE NATURE INDEX (IN 8TH POSITION

IN 2019).WE WORK WITH SOME OF NEW ZEALAND’S LARGEST

COMPANIES AND WE HAVE FOSTERED START-

UP BUSINESSES SUCH AS ENGENDER TECHNOLOGIES.

OUR RESEARCH EXTENDS FROM FUNDAMENTAL TO THE

COMMERCIALLY FOCUSSED AND WE HAVE HAD SPIN-OUT COMPANIES

FORMED. THIS BREADTH OF RESEARCH PROVIDES EXPOSURE FOR OUR STUDENTS ACROSS THE RESEARCH SPECTRUM AND WE

WORK CLOSELY WITH OUR STUDENTS TO PROVIDE THEM OPPORTUNITIES THAT BENEFIT BOTH THEM AND THE

COMPANIES THEY JOIN.

THE OPPORTUNITIES OFFERED TO OUR STUDENTS MAKE OUR GRADUATES SOUGHT AFTER IN THE MARKETPLACE, THEY

ARE PROVIDED OPPORTUNITIES FROM START-UP WORKSHOPS TO LEARNING TIKANGA MAORI

THROUGH PARTICIPATION IN WANANGA.

OUR RESEARCHERS SERVE IN ROLES ON NUMEROUS PUBLIC SECTOR PANELS AND

BOARDS; THEY ENGAGE WITH GOVERNMENT AGENCIES TO ADD EXPERTISE TO DECISION MAKING OR DATA ANALYSIS AND PROVIDE

EXPERT ADVICE. EXAMPLES OF 2019 SERVICE INCLUDE THE DEFENCE TECHNOLOGY AGENCY (DTA), NEW ZEALAND DEFENCE FORCE (NZDF), MINISTRY FOR PRIMARY INDUSTRIES (MPI), CALLAGHAN INNOVATION AND MINISTRY OF

FOREIGN AFFAIRS & TRADE (MFAT). THROUGH OUR EDUCATIONAL OUTREACH PROGRAMMES WE

CONTINUE TO MAKE A SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION TO IMPROVING THE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY OF ALL NEW ZEALANDERS AND OUR PACIFIC NEIGHBOURS. WORKING WITH

MUSEUMS AND OTHER PARTNERS, WE CREATE PROGRAMMES

AND RESOURCES TO PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR ONGOING

LEARNING AND DISCOVERY.

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ValueofCoREfundingfromTEC($M) 5.04

FTEsbycategory PrincipalInvestigators 2.95 AssociateInvestigators 3.92 PostdoctoralFellows 14.09 ResearchTechnicians 2.13 Administrative/Support 4.90 ResearchStudents 118.19 Total 146.18Headcountsbycategory PrincipalInvestigators 23 AssociateInvestigators 32 PostdoctoralFellows 41 ResearchTechnicians 7 Administrative/Support/Management 12 ResearchStudents 135 Total 250Peerreviewedresearch Journalarticles 139 Books 0 Bookchapters 2 Conferencepapers 21 Other 1 Total 163Valueofexternalresearch VoteScienceandInnovationcontestablefunds 7.74 OtherNZGovernment 0.06 Domestic-privatesectorfunding 0.56 Overseas 0.13 Host/PartnerSupport 0.22 Total 8.74Commercialactivities Patentapplications 3 Patentsgranted 2 Inventiondisclosures 8 Total number of spinouts (2015-2019) 2Studentsstudyingat Doctoraldegree 105 Other 30 Total 135Numberofstudents Doctoraldegree 15 Other 19 Total 34Immediatepost-study FurtherstudyinNZ 9 Furtherstudyoverseas 4 EmployedinNZ 10 Employedoverseas 6 Other 2 Unknown 3 Total 34

FACTS AND FIGURES

graduatedestinations

completingqualificationsbylevel

CoREbylevel

contractsawardedbysource($MNZD)

outputsbytype

Broad category Detailed category Y5 (2019)

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TheDWChasatotalof55Investigators(includingtheDirectorandDeputyDirector)and41otherresearchstaff.Doctoralstudentscomprise42%ofthetotalmembershipoftheDWCandinadditiontoresearchtraining,manyofourstrategicactivitiesinvolvestudentsincludingeducationaloutreachactivities,KaHikitia,andindustryinterfaceandR&D.DWCstrategicandcentralactivitiesareledandsupportedby4managersand8administrative/supportstaff.

AllDWCstudentsundertakeresearchandmostofthematthehighestlevelinPhDprogrammes.Thosecategorisedas‘Other’intheTable(studentsstudyingatCoREbylevel)includemasters,honours,andpostgraduatediplomastudents.SomeofthesestudentswillgoontoPhDprogrammeswhileothersgoontoemploymentinNewZealandoroverseas.GraduatedestinationsincludeallPhDandotherdegreestudents.

TheDodd-WallsCentrereceivesfundingfromsourcesotherthantheTEC’sCoREsFundandtheadditionalfundingcontributesdirectlytoresearchprojectsinthefourResearchThemes.SomeDWCstaffandstudentmembersaresupportedbytheseexternalresearchfunds,whereasothersaresupportedbyCoREfunding.ThemembershipprofileincludesallDWCmembers,whilethefinancialreportindicatesonlythosedirectlysupportedbyCoREfunds.

PrincipalInvestigators9%

AssociateInvestigators13%

Postdoctoral/ResearchFellows16%

PhDStudents42%

OtherPostgraduateStudents12%

Admin/Management5%

ResearchTechnicians/Assistants

3%

MEMBERSHIPPROFILE

FurtherstudyinNZ26%

Furtherstudyoverseas12%EmployedinNZ

29%

Employedoverseas18%

Other6%

Unknown9%

2019GRADUATEDESTINATIONS

Overseasfunding,0.134

NZGovernment(TEC)CoREincome,5.04

OtherNZGovernmentincome,7.802

NZprivatesectorfunding,0.559

Host/tertiarypartnersupport,0.221

INCOMEBYSOURCE($M)

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Actual Budget

Income 5,039,000 5,039,000

Salaries and related costs

Director,PIandAI 453,223 386,434

PostdoctoralFellows 1,255,263 1,335,728

Others-Managers&Salary-relatedcosts 193,873 224,136

Total salaries and related costs 1,902,359 1,946,298

Overheads 1,694,650 2,096,182

Research operating expenditure and depreciation

Theme1aPhotonicsensing&imaging 226,085 288,000

Theme1bPhotonicsources&components 205,740 231,000

Theme2aQuantumfluids&gases 122,629 150,000

Theme2bQuantummanipulation&information 126,098 241,998

Poolopex(New&EmergingResearchers) 57,294 -

Total research operating expenditure 737,846 910,998

Scholarships awarded 1,075,344 Scholarships pool - 520,263

Strategic operating expenditure

IndustryOutreach&consultants 249,867 213,000

EducationalOutreach 66,890 80,000

KaHikitia 723 30,000

Total strategic operating expenditure 317,479 323,000

Centre operating expenditure

TravelPool(Research) 376,195 100,000

othercentrecosts 267,765 315,000

Total centre operating expenditure 643,960 415,000

Total expenditure 6,371,638 6,211,741

Net surplus -1,332,637 -1,172,741

FINANCES

Report by Programme 2019

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ProfessorCatherSimpsonandDodd-WallsCentrealumniDrMatheusVargasstandingoutsideofOrbisDiagnosticstestingstation.OrbisDiagnosticsisourspinoffcompanyfocusedon“pointofcow”diagnostics–measuringkeycomponentsofmilkautomaticallyeverycow,everymilking.

ProfessorSimpsonwastherecipientofthePickeringMedalfromRoyalSocietyTeApārangiin2019.Thisrecognisedherpioneeringresearchandcommercialisationofinnovativephotonictechnologies.OrbisDiagnosticsisafantasticexampleoftheinnovativeresearchthatCatherundertakes.

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MEMBERS, GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENTDWC Board members

DR GARTH CARNABY, CHAIR FRSNZ,MNZM,CNZM

DrGarthCarnabyspentthefirstpartofhiscareerapplyingmathematicsandphysicstotheindustrialutilisationofwool.Todayherunshisowncompanyprovidingresearch,governance,andconsultancyinthescience,agriculture,manufacturing,food,andwoolfields.HeisapastPresidentoftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealandandpastchairoftheMarsdenFund.HecurrentlychairstheNZSynchrotronGroupLtdandWoolIndustryResearchLtd.HewasmadeaMemberofNZOrderofMerit(MNZM)in2006forservicestothewoolindustryandaCompanion(CNZM)in2018forservicestoScienceandGovernance.

DR DIANNE MCCARTHY CRSNZ,ONZM,CNZM

Diannehasextensiveexperienceinanumberofseniormanagementandgovernancerolesinthetertiaryeducation,scienceandhealthsectors.TheformerCEOoftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealand,sheisnowChairoftheNewZealandInstituteofEconomicResearch,aDirectoroftheCawthronInstitute,amemberoftheHealthierLivesNationalScienceChallengeGovernanceGroup,andChairoftheAgeingWellNationalScienceChallengeGovernanceGroup.SheisaTrusteeoftheMalaghanInstituteofMedicalResearchandtheHearingResearchFoundation(NZ).ShewasmadeanOfficeroftheNewZealandOrderofMeritforherservicestoEducationin2008,aCompanionoftheRoyalSocietyofNewZealandforherservicestoSciencein2015,andaCompanionoftheNewZealandOrderofMeritforherservicestoscience,businessandwomenin2016.

MS CHARLOTTE WALSHECharlotteWalsheistheChiefExecutiveOfficerofChristchurchbasedJadeSoftwareCorporation.Charlotte,withdegreesfromtheUniversityofCanterburyinmathematicsandphysicsaswellasinEntrepreneurialDevelopmentfromtheMITSloanSchoolofManagement,hasabackgroundinthetechnologyandexportsectors.CharlotteiscurrentadirectorontheBoardofNewZealandTradeandEnterprise,andwasCEOofDynamicControlsformorethanadecadepriortojoiningJadeSoftware.

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PROFESSOR JIM METSONProfessorMetsonistheDeputyVice-Chancellor(Research)atTheUniversityofAuckland.Heisaphysicalchemist,co-founderoftheUniversity’sResearchCentreforSurfaceandMaterialsScienceandoftheLightMetalsResearchCentre,afoundingmemberoftheMacDiarmidInstitute,andhehasworkedextensivelywithinternationalindustry.HewasChiefScienceAdvisortoNZ’sMBIEandtheNZGovernment’srepresentativeonthesciencegroupthatdevelopedtheAustralianSynchrotron.HecurrentlyservesasaDirectorofAucklandUniServicesLimited,REANNZandtheNewZealandSynchrotronGroup.

PROFESSOR RICHARD BARKERProfessorBarkerwasappointedPro-Vice-ChancelloroftheDivisionofSciencesattheUniversityofOtagoin2017andisproudtoheadtheDivisionatNewZealand’smostscienceintensiveuniversity.RichardjoinedtheDepartmentofMathematicsandStatisticsattheUniversityofOtagoin1998,wasappointedProfessorofStatisticsin2007,andwasHeadoftheDepartmentofMathematicsandStatisticsfrom2008to2016.HisresearchspecialityisBayesianhierarchicalmodellingandstatisticalecology.RichardisacurrentdirectorontheBoardsofOritainGlobalLtd,BrainResearchNewZealand,DinsdaleLtdandtheRiddetInstitute.

MR IAN TAYLOR CNZM

IanTaylorisaninnovatorandbusinessleaderwhosecompaniesincludeTaylormadeMediaandAnimationResearchLimited,thelatterrenownedforitssportsgraphicsanddecisionreviewsystems.IanisofNgātiKahungunuandNgaPuhidescent,hasalawdegreefromtheUniversityofOtagoandabackgroundinbroadcasting.Hewasnamedthe2019NewZealandInnovatoroftheYear,the2013OutstandingMāoriBusinessLeaderoftheYearandthe2010NewZealanderoftheYear.In2012,IanwasappointedaCompanionoftheNewZealandOrderofMeritforservicestotelevisionandbusiness.

PROFESSOR RICHARD BLAIKIE FRSNZ

ProfessorRichardBlaikieisDeputyVice-Chancellor(ResearchandEnterprise)attheUniversityofOtagoandProfessorinPhysics.HeisaformerDirectoroftheMacDiarmidInstitute(2008-11),formermemberoftheMarsdenFundCouncilandservedforoneyearontheNewZealandScienceBoard(2011).HewasawardedtheHectorMedalin2013forhisfundamentalandwide-rangingcontributionstothefieldofnano-opticsandaThomsonMedalin2015inrecognitionofhisscienceleadership.

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Last Name First Name Title Institution Role in the DWC

Hutchinson David Professor UniversityofOtago DirectorBroderick Neil Professor TheUniversityofAuckland DeputyDirectorAguergaray Claude Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorAlbert Michael Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorAndersen Mikkel A/Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorAuguié Baptiste Dr VictoriaUni.ofWellington AssociateInvestigatorBaillie Danny Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorBallagh Rob Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorBlaikie Richard Professor UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorBlakie Blair Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorBorbely Joseph Dr CallaghanInnovation,MSL AssociateInvestigatorBradley Ashton Dr UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorBrand Joachim Professor MasseyUniversity PrincipalInvestigatorBrasch Nicola Professor AucklandUni.OfTechnology AssociateInvestigatorBubanja Vladimir Dr CallaghanInnovation AssociateInvestigatorCarmichael Howard Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorCheyne Juliette Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorCoen Stéphane A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorCraigie Cameron Dr AgResearchNZLtd AssociateInvestigatorCroft James Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorDavis Nathaniel Dr VictoriaUni.OfWellington AssociateInvestigatorDeb Amita Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorErkintalo Miro Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorGolovko Vladimir A/Professor UniversityofCanterbury AssociateInvestigatorGordon Keith Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorGrant Craig Dr OtagoMuseum Ed.OutreachManagerGriffin Ian Dr OtagoMuseum HonoraryFellowHarvey John Professor TheUniversityofAuckland IndustryTeamLeaderHoogerland Maarten Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorJin Jianyong Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorJones Marcus Dr AucklandUni.OfTechnology AssociateInvestigatorKaipio Jari Professor TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorKjærgaard Niels A/Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorKrauskopf Bernd Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorKünnemeyer Rainer Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorLeRu Eric Professor VictoriaUni.ofWellington AssociateInvestigatorLeonhardt Rainer A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorLongdell Jevon A/Professor UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorMcCane Brendan Professor UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorMcGoverin Cushla Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorMiller Sara Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorMurdoch Stuart Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorNieuwoudt Michel Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorParkins Scott A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorReeves Roger Professor UniversityofCanterbury AssociateInvestigatorReid Michael Professor UniversityofCanterbury AssociateInvestigatorReis Marlon Dr AgResearchNZLtd AssociateInvestigatorSchwefel Harald Dr UniversityofOtago PrincipalInvestigatorShepherd Jami Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorSimpson Cather Professor TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorSmith Catherine Dr UniversityofOtago AssociateInvestigatorTaylor Luke Dr UniversityofOtago PrototypeManagerVanWijk Kasper A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorVanholsbeeck Frédérique A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland PrincipalInvestigatorVogt Dominik Dr TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorWaterhouse Geoff A/Professor TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigator

Investigators, Management and Administration

69

Last Name First Name Title Institution Role in the DWC

Wells JonPaul Professor UniversityofCanterbury PrincipalInvestigatorXu Peter Professor TheUniversityofAuckland AssociateInvestigatorZülicke Ulrich Professor VictoriaUni.ofWellington AssociateInvestigatorWoodhouse AJ Mrs UniversityofOtago ProgrammeManagerScown Shannon Ms TheUniversityofAuckland BDManagerLam Ash Ms UniversityofOtago AdministratorBaikie Susan Ms UniversityofOtago AdministratorMiles Dee Ms TheUniversityofAuckland AdministratorSirisena Premika Ms TheUniversityofAuckland AdministratorDailey Brett Mr UniversityofOtago AccountantJoe Kiel Mr TheUniversityofAuckland FinanceAdministratorLata Avinesh Ms TheUniversityofAuckland Accountant

Postdoctoral and Research Fellows Last Name First Name Title Institution Position

Balabhadra Sangeetha Dr UniversityofCanterbury PostdoctoralFellowBaillie Danny Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowBonesi Marco Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowCalderon MiguelMartinezDr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowCanela Victor Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowCobus Laura Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowDing Boyang Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowEbling Ulrich Dr MasseyUniversity PostdoctoralFellowGiraldo Andrus Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowHaneef Shahna Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowHasse Thomas Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowHelm John Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowHoltcamp Hannah Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowIsarov Maya Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowJeszsenski Peter Dr MasseyUniversity PostdoctoralFellowKolenderska Sylwia Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowKumari Madhuri Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowLambert Nicholas Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowLow Jeffery Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowMa Li Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowMajor Jan Dr MasseyUniversity PostdoctoralFellowMallett Ben Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowMaria Michael Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowMinnee Thomas Dr MasseyUniversity ResearchFellowMonahan Nick Dr VictoriaUniversityofWellington PostdoctoralFellowNg Vincent Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowNovikova Nina Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowPal Sukla Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowPrice Mike Dr VictoriaUniversityofWellington PostdoctoralFellowRamavararamajaKishorKumarDr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowReza Armani Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowRisos Alex Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowRobertson Julia Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowRuschel Stefan Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowSchumayer Daniel Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowShamailov Sophie Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowThomas Ryan Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowWeyland Marvin Dr UniversityofOtago PostdoctoralFellowXu Gang Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowYiqing Xu Dr TheUniversityofAuckland PostdoctoralFellowYu XiaoQuan Dr UniversityofOtago ResearchFellow

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PhD StudentsLast Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S)

Abbas Navid TheUniversityofAucklandAhmmed Fatima UniversityofOtagoAlizadeh Yashar UniversityofCanterbury SArabamadi Eshan UniversityofOtago SArshad Faiza UniversityofOtagoAshforth Simon TheUniversityofAucklandAzeem Farhan UniversityofOtago SBaber Logan TheUniversityofAuckland SBandara Ravindra TheUniversityofAuckland SBangaloreShashidhar VinayBharadwaj AucklandUniversityofTechnology SBerzins Karlis UniversityofOtagoBrown Dylan TheUniversityofAuckland S,CChan Andrew TheUniversityofAucklandCheung PangYing TheUniversityofAucklandChilcott Matthew UniversityofOtagoChima Robert UniversityofOtagoChoudhury Sarthak MasseyUniversity SCink Ruth AucklandUniversityofTechnology CClarke James TheUniversityofAuckland SCormack Maddy UniversityofOtago SDillon Owen TheUniversityofAuckland CDong Yusong TheUniversityofAucklandDosado AuberyGabasa TheUniversityofAuckland SEmeny Chrissy UniversityofCanterburyEsan AyomikunSamuel TheUniversityofAuckland SFersterer Petra UniversityofOtago CGaragoda Samanali UniversityofOtago SGeorge Anand TheUniversityofAucklandGoh Hwan TheUniversityofAuckland S,CGoodwin(prev.Brown) Matthew TheUniversityofAucklandGroiseau Caspar TheUniversityofAuckland SHendry Ian TheUniversityofAucklandHennin Geraud TheUniversityofAuckland SHensley Noah UniversityofOtago CHonney Claire TheUniversityofAuckland S,CHope James TheUniversityofAucklandHosking Peter TheUniversityofAucklandIsmael Fouad AucklandUniversityofTechnology SJamil Mahamood TheUniversityofAucklandJeszenszki Peter MasseyUniversity S,CJobbitt Nicholas UniversityofCanterbury SJones Tobin TheUniversityofAucklandJose Ashly TheUniversityofAuckland SKaur Harpreet UniversityofWaikatoKazemzadeh Mohammadrahim TheUniversityofAuckland SKing Gavin UniversityofOtagoKristofferson Andreas TheUniversityofAuckland Laouby Zahra TheUniversityofAuckland

71

Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S)

Lee AuChen UniversityofOtagoLee Lia TheUniversityofAucklandJull Harrisson UniversityofWaikato C,SLoveday James TheUniversityofAuckland SMapley Joseph UniversityofOtagoMartin Jamin UniversityofCanterbury SMasson Stuart TheUniversityofAuckland CMautner Ira TheUniversityofAucklandMcDonald Rob UniversityofOtago CMcPhail Vivian TheUniversityofAuckland SMobassem Sonia UniversityofOtago SMothkuri Sagar UniversityofCanterburyNeiman Alex UniversityofCanterburyNemet Nikolett TheUniversityofAuckland S,CNesbitt Sam UniversityofCanterburyNgaha Jacob TheUniversityofAucklandNielsen Alexander TheUniversityofAuckland SOh SueAnn UniversityofOtago COnyema Chikezie UniversityofCanterburyOtto Suzanne UniversityofCanterburyOtupiri Robert TheUniversityofAuckland SOu Rachel(Fang) TheUniversityofAuckland CRajkumar Damenraj UniversityofOtagoRooney Jeremy UniversityofOtagoRuksasakchai Poramaporn(Up) UniversityofOtagoRwizinkindi Dominique AucklandUniversityofTechnology SSadeghi Mohammad TheUniversityofAuckland SSales Ruth UniversityofOtago SSavoie Maxime UniversityofCanterburySawyer Bianca UniversityofOtagoSayson Noel TheUniversityofAuckland SScott Jonty UniversityofCanterburyShikhaliNajafabadi Mojdeh UniversityofOtago SShillito Georgina UniversityofOtagoSimpson Jonathan TheUniversityofAucklandSmith Joseph UniversityofOtagoSolanki Pratik UniversityofCanterbury SSolis Daniel UniversityofOtagoStitely Kevin TheUniversityofAucklandSun Jason UniversityofWaikato CSutton Joshua UniversityofOtagoTesana Siriluck UniversityofCanterburyThampi Abi TheUniversityofAuckland SThorn Karen VictoriaUni.ofWellingtonTrainor Luke UniversityofOtagoUrbanska Magdalena TheUniversityofAuckland SVargas Matheus TheUniversityofAucklandWang Mark TheUniversityofWaikato S

72

Last Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S)

Wang Qing TheUniversityofAucklandWang Xindi(Andy) TheUniversityofAucklandWhite Joni TheUniversityofAucklandWu Yimei TheUniversityofAucklandYang Mingrui(Ray) MasseyUniversityYe Piao(Tracy) TheUniversityofAucklandZhou Huihua TheUniversityofAuckland SZlygostiev Mykola TheUniversityofAuckland SZou Dian UniversityofCanterbury S

Other Research Degree StudentsLast Name First Name Institution Completed (C) DWC Scholarship (S)

Arul Rakesh TheUniversityofAucklandBarnett Peter AucklandUniversityofTechnology CBi Toby TheUniversityofAuckland CChiang Jessica TheUniversityofAucklandChung Stephen TheUniversityofAucklandChung YeonWook(John) UniversityofOtagoClarke Jordan UniversityofOtagoDevane Patrick UniversityofOtago CElliott Alex TheUniversityofAuckland S,CEverts Jono UniversityofOtagoHarrison Jacob UniversityofOtago CHayton Chris UniversityofOtago CHobbs Rhys UniversityofOtago CJones Angus TheUniversityofAucklandLee Au-Chen UniversityofOtago CLi Zongda TheUniversityofAucklandMansuri Nema TheUniversityofAuckland CMitchell Nikolas UniversityofOtago CNgaha Jacob TheUniversityofAuckland S,COstrowski Lucas TheUniversityofAuckland SQureshi Pierce TheUniversityofAuckland CSimpson Jonathan TheUniversityofAuckland S,CSoule Juliette TheUniversityofAuckland CSu Andrew TheUniversityofAucklandTaine Win UniversityofOtago CTang Stanley TheUniversityofAuckland CTay Elliot UniversityofOtagoUnderwood Andrew UniversityofOtagoWang Yourong(Frank) TheUniversityofAuckland CWolfgramm-Russell Vincent TheUniversityofAuckland C

PhD Students continued

73

TheDWCisorganisedintofourresearchthemes,twoengagementteams(EducationalandIndustry)andaCentremanagementteam.Threeboards(governance,scienceadvisoryandindustryadvisory)supportthe DWCinachievingitsstrategicgoals.

ORGANISATIONAL AND COMMITTEE STRUCTURE OF THE DODD-WALLS CENTRE

GOVERNANCEBOARD

Theme 1a

Theme 1b

Theme 2a

Theme 2b

INDUSTRYADVISORY

BOARD

industryteam

educationaloutreach

team

INTERNATIONALSCIENCE

ADVISORYBOARD

scienceteam

EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE

CENTREMANAGEMENT

TEAM

74

Committee and Theme Membership

Governance BoardIndependentChair GarthCarnaby G.A.CarnabyAssociatesLtdDVCResearchHostInstitution RichardBlaikie UniversityofOtagoDVCResearchPartnerInstitution JimMetson TheUniversityofAucklandPVCSciences(Director’slinemanager) RichardBarker UniversityofOtagoIndependentDirector DiMcCarthy DCMSolutionsLtdIndependentDirector CharlotteWalshe JadeSoftwareLtdIndependentDirector IanTaylor AnimationResearchLtdDirector(exofficio) DavidHutchinson UniversityofOtagoDeputyDirector(exofficio) NeilBroderick TheUniversityofAucklandProgrammeManager(exofficio) AJWoodhouse UniversityofOtagoSecretary SusanBaikie UniversityofOtago

Executive CommitteeDirector DavidHutchinson(Chair) UniversityofOtagoDeputy-Director NeilBroderick TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator MichaelAlbert UniversityofOtagoPrincipalInvestigator BlairBlakie UniversityofOtagoPrincipalInvestigator MaartenHoogerland TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator HaraldSchwefel UniversityofOtagoPrincipalInvestigator FrédériqueVanholsbeeck TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator CatherSimpson TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator StéphaneCoen TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator Jon-PaulWells UniversityofCanterburyIndustryTeamLeader(exofficio) JohnHarvey TheUniversityofAucklandProgrammeManager(exofficio) AJWoodhouse UniversityofOtagoSecretary SusanBaikie UniversityofOtago

Industry Advisory BoardDrSimonPoole(Chair) FinisarAustraliaPtyLtd

Education Outreach TeamPrincipalInvestigator BerndKrauskopf TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator KaspervanWijk TheUniversityofAucklandDirector DavidHutchinson UniversityofOtagoEducationManager CraigGrant(Chair) OtagoMuseumDirectorofOtagoMuseum IanGriffin OtagoMuseumOutreachCo-ordinator AndyWang TheUniversityofAucklandSecretary SusanBaikie/AshLam UniversityofOtago

Dodd-Walls Centre Management TeamProgrammeManager AJWoodhouse UniversityofOtagoDirector DavidHutchinson UniversityofOtagoDeputyDirector NeilBroderick TheUniversityofAucklandAdministratorandPAtoDirector SusanBaikie UniversityofOtagoAdministrator AshLam UniversityofOtagoAdministratorDeeMiles TheUniversityofAucklandFinanceAccountant KielJoe/AvineshLata TheUniversityofAucklandFinanceAccountant BrettDailey UniversityofOtago

75

Science Advisory BoardProfessorBillPhillips JointQuantumInstitute,U.S.A.ProfessorArturEkert CentreforQuantumTechnologies, Singapore&UniversityofOxford,UKProfessorNergisMavalvala MassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,USAProfessorIanWalmsley ImperialCollege,UKProfessorJohnDudley UniversityBourgogneFranche-Comté,France

Industry TeamIndustryTeamLeader JohnHarvey TheUniversityofAucklandDirector DavidHutchinson UniversityofOtagoDeputyDirector NeilBroderick TheUniversityofAucklandPrincipalInvestigator KeithGordon UniversityofOtagoPrincipalInvestigator FrédériqueVanholsbeeck TheUniversityofAucklandIndustryManager LukeTaylor UniversityofOtagoBusinessDevelopmentManager ShannonScown TheUniversityofAucklandProgrammeManager AJWoodhouse UniversityofOtagoSecretary DeeMiles TheUniversityofAuckland

Science TeamDeputyDirector NeilBroderick TheUniversityofAucklandDirector Nominee:BlairBlakie UniversityofOtagoThemeLeader(1a) Jon-PaulWells UniversityofCanterburyThemeLeader(1b) StéphaneCoen TheUniversityofAucklandThemeLeader(2a) MaartenHoogerland TheUniversityofAucklandThemeLeader(2b) JevonLongdell UniversityofOtagoIndustryTeamLeader(ex-officio) JohnHarvey TheUniversityofAucklandProgrammeManager AJWoodhouse UniversityofOtagoSecretary SusanBaikie UniversityofOtago

Theme 1a – Photonic Sensors and Imaging (PSI)ProfessorJon-PaulWells THEMELEADER,UniversityofCanterbury,PhysicsandAstronomyDrBaptisteAuguié VictoriaUniversityofWellington,PhysicsProfessorRichardBlaikie UniversityofOtago,PhysicsDrCameronCraigie AgResearchLtdDrMarlondosReis AgResearchLtdDrVladimirGolovko UniversityofCanterbury,ChemistryProfessorKeithGordon UniversityofOtago,ChemistryDrCushlaMcGoverin TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorJohnHarvey TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorJariKaipio TheUniversityofAuckland,MathsAssociateProfessorRainerLeonhardt TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorEricLeRu VictoriaUniversityofWellington,PhysicsAssociateProfessorJevonLongdell UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorRainerKünnemeyer UniversityofWaikato,EngineeringAssociateProfessorBrendanMcCane UniversityofOtago,ComputerScienceProfessorRogerReeves UniversityofCanterbury,Physics&AstronomyProfessorMikeReid UniversityofCanterbury,Physics&AstronomyDrHaraldSchwefel UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorKasperVanWijk TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsAssociateProfessorFrédériqueVanholsbeeck TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorPeterXu TheUniversityofAuckland,MechanicalEngineeringDrClaudeAguergaray TheUniversityofAuckland,Physics

76

DrJulietteCheyne TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysiologyDrNathanielDavis VictoriaUniversityofWellington,ChemicalandPhysicalSciencesDrMichelNieuwoudt TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorCatherSimpson TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrCatherineSmith UniversityofOtago,Dodd-WallsCentreDrMarcusJones AucklandUniversityofTechnology,ChemistryProfessorNicolaBrasch AucklandUniversityofTechnology,ChemistryDrJamiShepherd TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrSaraMiller UniversityofOtago,Chemistry

Theme 1b – Photonic Sources and Components (PSC)AssociateProfessorStéphaneCoen THEMELEADER,TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorNeilBroderick TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrMiroErkintalo TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrJianyongJin TheUniversityofAuckland,ChemistryProfessorBerndKrauskopf TheUniversityofAuckland,MathematicsAssociateProfessorRainerLeonhardt TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsAssociateProfessorStuartMurdoch TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrHaraldSchwefel UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorGeoffWaterhouse TheUniversityofAuckland,ChemistryDrClaudeAguergaray TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorCatherSimpson TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrDominikVogt TheUniversityofAuckland,Physics

Theme 2a – Quantum Fluids and Gases (QFG)DrMaartenHoogerland THEMELEADER,TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsAssociateProfessorNielsKjærgaard UniversityofOtago,PhysicsDrDannyBaillie UniversityofOtago,PhysicsEmeritusProfessorRobBallagh UniversityofOtago,PhysicsProfessorBlairBlakie UniversityofOtago,PhysicsDrAshtonBradley UniversityofOtago,PhysicsProfessorJoachimBrand MasseyUniversity,NZInstituteforAdvancedStudyProfessorHowardCarmichael TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrAmitaDeb UniversityofOtago,PhysicsProfessorDavidHutchinson UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorScottParkins TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorUlrichZūlicke VictoriaUniversityofWellington,ChemicalandPhysicalSciencesDrJamesCroft UniversityofOtago,Physics

Theme 2b – Quantum Manipulation and Information (QMI)DrHaraldSchwefel THEMELEADER,UniversityofOtago,PhysicsProfessorMichaelAlbert UniversityofOtago,ComputerScienceDrMikkelAndersen UniversityofOtago,PhysicsProfessorJoachimBrand MasseyUniversity,NZInstituteforAdvancedStudyDrVladimirBubanja CallaghanInnovationProfessorHowardCarmichael TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsDrMaartenHoogerland TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorDavidHutchinson UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorJevonLongdell UniversityofOtago,PhysicsAssociateProfessorScottParkins TheUniversityofAuckland,PhysicsProfessorMikeReid UniversityofCanterbury,PhysicsandAstronomyProfessorJon-PaulWells UniversityofCanterbury,PhysicsandAstronomyDrJosephBorbely CallaghanInnovation,MSL

77

2019 PEER-REVIEWED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONSAUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL

Hendry, Ian; Garbin, Bruno; Impactofdesynchronizationanddriftonsoliton-based Phys.Rev.A100, 23829 Murdoch, Stuart G.; Coen, Kerrfrequencycombsinthepresenceofpulsed (2019) Stéphane; Erkintalo, Miro. drivingfields

Nielsen, Alexander U.; Garbin, CoexistenceandInteractionsbetweenNonlinear Phys.Rev.Lett.123,13902 Bruno; Coen, Stéphane; StateswithDifferentPolarizationsina (2019) Murdoch, Stuart G.; MonochromaticallyDrivenPassiveKerrResonator Erkintalo, Miro.

Hari, Neelam;Patel,Priyanka; Opticalcoherencetomographycomplementsconfocal Scientificreports9,10601 Ross,Jacqueline;Hicks,Kevin; microscopyforinvestigationofmulticellular (2019) Vanholsbeeck, Frédérique. tumourspheroids

Turnbull,StevenMartin;Locke, Bourdieu,networks,andmovements:Usingthe PLOSONE14, 46753 Kirsten;Vanholsbeeck, Frédérique; conceptsofhabitus,fieldandcapitaltounderstand (2019) O’Neale,DionR.J. anetworkanalysisofgenderdifferencesin undergraduatephysics.

Hope, J.;Aqrawe,Z.;Lim,M.; Increasingsignalamplitudeinelectricalimpedance JournalofNeural Vanholsbeeck, F.;McDaid,A. tomographyofneuralactivityusingaparallelresistor Engineering16,66041- inductorcapacitor(RLC)circuit 66056(2019)

Vargas,MatheusJ.T.;Nieuwoudt, Excellentqualitymicrochannelsforrapidmicrodevice Microfluidicsand Michel; Yong, Rui Ming; prototyping:directCO2laserwritingwithefficient Nanofluidics23,1-13 Vanholsbeeck, Frederique; chemicalpostprocessing (2019) Williams,DavidE.;Simpson, M. Cather.

Kaipio, Jari;Huttunen,Tomi; ABayesianapproachtoimprovingtheBorn InverseProblems35(8), Luostari,Teemu;Lähivaara, approximationforinversescatteringwithhigh 84001-84020(2019) Timo;Monk,Peter. contrastmaterials

Castello,Daniel; Kaipio, Jari. ModellingErrorsduetoTimoshenkoapproximation InternationalJournalfor inDamageIdentification NumericalMethodsin Engineering120(9),1148- 1162(2019)

Thompson,K.;Brand, J.; Zülicke, U. Chiraltwo-dimensionalp-wavesuperfluidfroms-wave Phys.Rev.A 101,13613 pairingintheBose-Einstein-condensateregime (2019)

Majic,Matt;Pratley,Luke; ApproximateT-matrixandopticalpropertiesof Phys.Rev.A99,13853 Schebarchov,Dmitri;Somerville, spheroidalparticlestothirdorderwithrespectto (2019) WalterR.C.;Auguié, Baptiste; sizeparameter Le Ru, Eric C.

Jeszenszki, P.;Alavi,A.;Brand, J. Aresmoothpseudopotentialsagoodchoicefor PhysicalReviewA99, representingshort-rangeinteractions? 33608(2019)

Bērziņš,Kārlis;Sutton, Joshua J.; Applicationoflow-wavenumberRamanspectroscopy JournalofRaman Loch,Carolina;Beckett,Deanna; totheanalysisofhumanteeth Spectroscopy50,1375- Wheeler,BenjaminJ.;Drummond, 1387(2019) BernadetteK.;Fraser-Miller, Sara J.; Gordon, Keith C.

Anyi,C.L.;Thirkettle,R.J.; Gyroscopicoperationonthe3s(2)->2p(10)543.3nm OpticsLetters44,3074- MacDonald,G.J.;Schreiber, transitionofneonina2.56m(2)ringcavity 3077(2019) K.U.;Wells, J-P R.

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78

AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL

Barnsley,JonathanE.;Findlay, Long-livedMLCTstatesforRu(ii)complexesof DaltonTrans.48,15713- JamesA.;Shillito, Georgina E.; ferrocene-appended2,2′-bipyridines 15722(2019) Pelet,WilliamS.;Scottwell, SynøveØ.;McIntyre,SamM.; Tay,ElliotJ.;Gordon, Keith C.; Crowley,JamesD.

Xu, Yiqing; Murdoch, Stuart G. Real-timespectralanalysisofultrafastpulsesusing Opt.Lett.44,3697-3700 afree-spaceangularchirp-enhanceddelay (2019)

Hoang,VoVan;Giang,Nguyen Hexa↔tetrasilicenecrystal–crystalphasetransition PhilosophicalMagazineHoang;Bubanja, Vladimir. 100:5,551-570(2019)

Auguie, Baptiste;Darby,BrendanL.; Electromagneticinteractionsofdyemolecules Nanoscale11,12177- Le Ru, Eric C. surroundingananosphere 12187(2019)

Langer,Judith;JimenezdeAberasturi, PresentandFutureofSurfaceEnhancedRaman ACSNano14(1),28-117 Dorleta;Aizpurua,Javier; Scattering (2019) Alvarez-Puebla,RamonA;Auguié, Baptiste;Baumberg,JeremyJ;Bazan, GuillermoC;Bell,StevenEJ;Boisen, Anja;Brolo,AlexandreG;Choo, Jaebum;Cialla-May,Dana;Deckert, Volker;Fabris,Laura;Faulds,Karen; GarcíadeAbajo,FJavier;Goodacre, Royston.

Schebarchov,D.;Le Ru, E. C.; Mindthegap:testingtheRayleighhypothesisin Opt.Express27,35750– Grand,J.;Auguie, B. T-matrixcalculationswithadjacentspheroids 35760(2019)

Alonso-Serra,Juan;Safronov,Omid; Tissue-specificstudyacrossthestemrevealsthe NewPhytologist222, Lim,Kean-Jin;Fraser-Miller, Sara J.; chemistryandtranscriptomedynamicsofbirchbark 1816-1831(2019) Blokhina,OlgaB.;Campilho,Ana; Chong,Sun-Li;Fagerstedt,Kurt; Haavikko,Raisa;Helariutta,Ykä; Immanen,Juha;Kangasjärvi,Jaakko; Kauppila,TiinaJ.;Lehtonen,Mari; Ragni,Laura;Rajaraman,Sitaram; Räsänen,Riikka-Marjaana;Safdari, Pezhman;Tenkanen,Maija; Yli-Kauhaluoma,JariT.;Teeri, TeemuH.;Strachan,ClareJ.; Nieminen,Kaisa;Salojärvi,Jarkko.

Saarinen,Jukka;Gütter,Friederike; Cell-NanoparticleInteractionsat(Sub)–Nanometer BiotechnologyJournal Lindman,Mervi;Agopov,Mikael; ResolutionAnalyzedbyElectronMicroscopyand 14(4)(2019) Fraser-Miller, Sara J.;Scherließ, CorrelativeCoherentAnti-StokesRamanScattering Regina;Jokitalo,Eija;Santos,HélderA.; Peltonen,Leena;Isomäki,Antti; Strachan,ClareJ.

Akabar,Nurshadrina;Chaturvedi, Photophysicalandbiologicalinvestigationofphenol DaltonTrans.48,15613- Vishal;Shillito, Georgina E.; substitutedrheniumtetrazolatocomplexes 15624(2019) Schwehr,BradleyJ.;Gordon, Keith C.; Huff,GregoryS.;Sutton, Joshua J.; Skelton,BrianW.;Sobolev,AlexandreN.; Stagni,Stefano;Nelson,DeliaJ.; Massi,Massimiliano.

Barnsley,JonathanE.;Shillito, GenerationofMicrosecondCharge-SeparatedExcited InorganicChemistry58, Georgina E.;Larsen,ChristopherB.; StatesinRhenium(I)DiimineComplexes:DrivingForce 9785-9795(2019) vanderSalm,Holly;Horvath, IstheDominantFactorinControllingLifetime Raphael;Sun, Xue Zhong;Wu,Xue; George,MichaelW.;Lucas,NigelT.; Gordon, Keith C.

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7979

AUTHORS* TITLE JOURNAL

Barnsley,JonathanE.;Pelet,William; When“Donor–Acceptor”DyesDelocalize:A TheJournalofPhysical McAdam,John;Wagner,Klaudia; SpectroscopicandComputationalStudyofD–ADyes ChemistryA123,5957- Hayes,Patricia;Officer,DavidL.; Using“Michler’sBase” 5968(2019) Wagner,Pawel;Gordon, Keith C.

Be̅rziņš,Ka̅rlis;Fraser-Miller,SaraJ.; Low-FrequencyRamanSpectroscopicStudyon MolecularPharmaceutics Rades,Thomas;Gordon, Keith C. Compression-InducedDestabilizationinMelt-Quenched 16,3678-3686(2019) AmorphousCelecoxib

Chandrabose,Sreelakshmi;Chen, HighExcitonDiffusionCoefficientsinFusedRing JournaloftheAmerican Kai;Barker,AlexJ.;Sutton, Joshua J.; ElectronAcceptorFilms ChemicalSociety141, Prasad,ShyamalK.K.;Zhu,Jingshuai; 6922-6929(2019) Zhou,Jiadong;Gordon, Keith C.; Xie,Zengqi;Zhan,Xiaowei;Hodgkiss, JustinM.

Killeen,DanielPatrick;Card,Asli; FirstUseofHandheldRamanSpectroscopyto AppliedSpectroscopy74, Gordon, Keith Christopher;Perry, AnalyzeOmega-3FattyAcidsinIntactFishOilCapsules 365-371(2019) NigelBrian.

AidanP.McKay; Joseph I.; Mapley RuIIandIrIIIComplexesContainingADAandDAD Chemistry-AnAsian Prof. Keith C. Gordon;Dr.DavidA. TripleHydrogenBondingMotifs:PotentialTectonsfor Journal14,1194-1203 McMorran. theAssemblyofFunctionalMaterials (2019)

Olejar,KennethJ;Ricci,Arianna; CharacterizationofanAntioxidantandAntimicrobial Antioxidants8,232(2019) Swift,Simon;Zujovic,Zoran; Gordon, ExtractfromCoolClimate,WhiteGrapeMarc Keith C;Fedrizzi,Bruno;Versari, Andrea;Kilmartin,PaulA.

Sutton, Joshua J.;Dr.ThanhLuan "Variable-TemperatureResonanceRamanStudiesto Chemistry–AnAsian Nguyen;Prof.HanYoungWoo; ProbeInterchainOrderingforSemiconducting Journal 14,1175-1183 Prof. Keith C. Gordon. ConjugatedPolymerswithDifferentChainCurvature" (2019)

Salim,Malinda;Fraser-Miller, ApplicationofLow-FrequencyRamanScattering TheJournalofPhysical Sara J.; Sutton, Joshua J.;Be̅rziņš, SpectroscopytoProbeinSituDrugSolubilizationin ChemistryLetters10, Ka̅rlis;Hawley,Adrian;Clulow, MilkduringDigestion 2258-2263(2019) AndrewJ.;Beilles,Stéphane; Gordon, Keith C.;Boyd,BenJ.

Tarling,M.S.;Smith,S.A.F.; Theinternalstructureandcompositionofa SolidEarth10,1025–1047 Scott, J. M.;Rooney,J.S.;Viti,C.; plate-boundary-scaleserpentiniteshearzone:the (2019) Gordon, K. C. LivingstoneFault,NewZealand

Mallett, B. P. P.;Marsik,P.; "Signaturesofthebonding-antibondingsplittinginthe Phys.Rev.B99,54513 Munzar,D.;Bernhard,C.;Dubroka,A. c-axisinfraredresponseofmoderatelyunderdoped (2019) bilayerandtrilayercupratesuperconductors"

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Zhou,Y.;Cink, R. B.;Seed,A.J.; StoichiometricNitroxylPhotoreleaseUsingthe OrganicLetters 21,1054- Simpson, C.;Sampson,P.; (6-Hydroxy-2-naphthalenyl)methylPhototrigger 1057(2019) Brasch, N. E.

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G.Chen;G.I.N Waterhouse; Solarenergytofuels:Recentadvancesinlight-driven AngewandteChemie, R.Shi;J.Shao;Z.Li;L.-Z.Wu; C1chemistry. InternationalEdition C.-H.Tung;T.Zhang 58(49),17528-17551 (2019)

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C.Sui;F.Li;H.Wu;H.Yin;S.Zhang; Photoelectrochemicalbiosensorfor5hmCdetection Biosensorsand G.I.N Waterhouse;J.Wang;L.Zhu; basedonthephotocurrentinhibitioneffectofZnOon Bioelectronics142111516 S.Ai. MoS2/C3N4heterojunction. (2019)

M.Guo;Q.Hou;G.I.N Waterhouse; Asimpleaptamer-basedfluorescentaflatoxinB1 Talata205,120131(2019) J.Hou;S.Ai;X.Li. sensorusinghumicacidasquencher.

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S.Ning;M.Zhou;C.Liu; "Ultrasensitiveelectrochemicalimmunosensorfor AnalyticaChimicaActa G.I.N Waterhouse;J.Dong;S.Ai. avianleukosisvirusdetectionbasedona 1062,87-93(2019) β-cyclodextrin-nanogold-ferrocenehost-guest labelforsignalamplification."

Yunxuan,Zhao;R.Shi;B.Wang; TuningoxygenvacanciesinultrathinTiO2nanosheets AdvancedMaterials31(16) G.I.N Waterhouse;L.-Z.Wu;C.-H. toboostphotocatalyticnitrogenfixationupto700nm. (2019) Tung;T.ZhangYufei,Zhao.

Y.Wang;H.Yin;X.Li;G.I.N Photoelectrochemicalimmunosensorfor Biosensorsand Waterhouse;S.Ai. N6-methyladeninedetectionbasedonRu@UiO-66, Bioelectronics131,163- Bi2O3andblackTiO2. 170(2019)

M. Wang;H.Yin;Y.Zhou;X.Meng; "Anovelphotoelectrochemicalbiosensorforthe ChemicalEnigineering G.I.N Waterhouse;S.Ai. sensitivedetectionofdualmicroRNAsusing Journal365,351-357 molybdenumcarbidenanotubesasnanocarriersand (2019) energytransferbetweenCQDsandAuNPs."

M. Wang;H.Yin;Y.Zhou;C.Sui; "PhotoelectrochemicalbiosensorformicroRNA Biosensorsand YWang;X.Meng;G.I.N Waterhouse; detectionbasedonaMoS2/g-C3N4/blackTiO2 Bioelectronics128,137- S.Ai. heterojunctionwithHistostar@AuNPsforsignal 143(2019) amplification."

X. Wang;C.Zhou;R.Shi;Q.Liu; "Supramolecularprecursorstrategyforthesynthesisof NanoResearch 122385- G.I.N Waterhouse;L.-Z.Wu;C.-H. holeygraphiticcarbonnitridenanotubeswithenhanced 2389(2019) Tung;T.Zhang. photocatalytichydrogenevolutionperformance."

Z.Li;J.Liu;Y.Zhao;R.Shi;G.I.N "Photothermalhydrocarbonsynthesisusingalumina- NanoEnergy60,467-475 Waterhouse;Y.Wang;L.-Z.Wu; supportedcobaltmetalnanoparticlecatalystsderived (2019) C.-H.Tung;T.Zhang. fromlayered-double-hydroxidenanosheets."

Ge,Yaqing;Li,Cuiping;Xiaohui,Jiang; ZnFe2O4@Polypyrrolenanocompositesasanefficient CeramicsInternational Waterhouse, Geoffrey;Zhang,Lijuan; broadbandelectromagneticwaveabsorberat2–40GHz 45(11)13883-13893 Zhang,Zhiming;Yu,Liangmin. (2019)

Adnan,RohulH.;Golovko, Vladimir B.BenzylAlcoholOxidationUsingGoldCatalystsDerived CatalysisLetters149,449- fromAu8ClustersonTiO2 455(2019)

Krishnan,Gowri;Eom,Namsoon; InvestigationofPhosphineLigandProtectedAu13 TheJournalofPhysical Kirk,RyanM.;Golovko, Vladimir B.; ClustersonDefectRichTitania ChemistryC 123,6642- Metha,GregoryF.;Andersson, 6649(2019) GuntherG.

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DODD-WALLS CENTREFOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ANNUAL REPORT

DODD-WALLS CENTREFOR PHOTONIC AND QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES

2019 ANNUAL REPORT

Colloidal quantum dots are revolutionising the material industry through their tuneable bight emissions.

The image shows caesium lead halide nanocrystals, CsPbX3 (where X = Cl, Br, I). The image was made by mixing different ratios of CsPbCl3, CsPbBr3, CsPbI3, together to achieve the desired emission colour under UV excitation (365 nm). These nanocrystals exhibit photoluminescence quantum efficiencies approaching 100% without the core-shell structures usually used in conventional semiconductor nanocrystals. These high photoluminescence efficiencies make these crystals ideal candidates for light-emitting diodes.

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