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İNGİLİZCE (FEN BİLİMLERİ) A

1 - 20. sorularda, cümlede boş bırakılanyerlere uygun düşen sözcük ya da ifadeyibulunuz.

People consider soil ------- because itsupports plants that supply food, fibre,drugs, and other human needs.

1.

variousA)simpleB)essentialC)thickD)missingE)

The adult brain can grow new brain cells orre-organize itself in response to newexperiences, which is a biological -------called neuroplasticity.

2.

refusalA)predictionB)outbreakC)processD)lecture E)

Botany as a pure science began in the fourthcentury BC with the Greek philosopherTheophrastus, who ------- influenced thediscipline until the seventeenth century.

3.

fluentlyA)heavilyB)angrilyC)shortlyD)loudlyE)

------- water accounts for more than 90percent of protoplasm weight, this rate canbe as low as 10 percent in seeds.

4.

AlthoughA)UnlessB)SimilarlyC)As ifD)ProvidedE)

The northern white rhino will soon face totalextinction ------- something is done to preventthis tragic outcome.

5.

as long asA)as soon asB)unlessC)only ifD)becauseE)

People and animals ------- to find new sourcesof food when old ones ------- unavailable orthey have to move to new areas.

6.

used to learn / have becomeA)would learn / will becomeB)must learn / were becomingC)might learn / had becomeD)have to learn / becomeE)

Each year, air currents blow two million tonsof bacteria into the atmosphere ------- 55million tons of fungal spores.

7.

in case ofA)in order toB)in contrastC)as well asD)as thoughE)

2018 YÖKDİL İLKBAHAR - A

1

YÖKDİL

AToday, geophysicists ------- more detailedreports about why earthquakes happen morefrequently in some places than others.

8.

would produce A)will be produced B)are producing C)had produced D)are produced E)

When it comes to the environment, modernsocieties are not ------- different fromprimitive societies ------- one might assume.

9.

too / toA)many / thanB)much / moreC)as / asD)so / thatE)

Researchers ------- are based at the Universityof Tokyo have discovered that largerearthquakes are more likely to occur whenthe moon is nearly full or new.

10.

whoA)whoseB)in whichC)whatD)whereE)

------- the increasing number of protectedareas in recent decades, the rate ofextinction in species has not dropped.

11.

Thanks toA)BeforeB)UnlessC)Now thatD)DespiteE)

China has seen a decrease in rural childlabour ------- the one-child policy and rapidurbanisation.

12.

howeverA)due toB)ifC)in caseD)althoughE)

Chemistry seeks to explain ------- thestructures of atoms ------- how thesestructures are transformed in chemicalreactions.

13.

rather / thanA)neither / orB)but / alsoC)both / andD)such / thatE)

Newton deduced the three laws of motion------- various experiments performed -------other scientists, especially Galileo Galilei.

14.

for / onA)by / inB)from / byC)with / toD)into / atE)


2

YÖKDİL

AThe global human population ------- dramaticgrowth at least twice throughout history, thefirst of which ------- around 10,000 years ago.

15.

experiences / will take placeA)will experience / was taking placeB)had experienced / takes placeC)was experiencing / had taken placeD)has experienced / took placeE)

Since NASA ------- using the Space Shuttle in2011, the Soyuz spacecraft ------- the only wayfor astronauts to reach the InternationalSpace Station.

16.

will stop / was A)was stopping / isB)stops / will beC)stopped / has beenD)may stop / used to beE)

Researchers from a number of EU memberstates have joined forces to ------- the effectsof underwater noise generated by shipping.

17.

investigateA)supplyB)prepareC)complainD)attendE)

Faster recharging lithium batteries weredeveloped when scientists ------- that addingcharged metal atoms to tunnel structuresimproves their performance.

18.

turned downA)found outB)led toC)took offD)gave upE)

Noise pollution from survey ships is a bigthreat for dolphins ------- they are consideredone of the most acoustically sensitiveanimals on Earth.

19.

so thatA)whereasB)suchC)just asD)sinceE)

------- working on superconductivity,physicist John Bardeen was already well onthe way to his first Nobel Prize in physics.

20.

AfterA)LaterB)ThenC)WhileD)FollowingE)


3

YÖKDİL

A

21 - 25. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

‘Spam’ is the term used to describe unsolicitede-mail messages automatically ---21--- to millionsof recipients. These messages areadvertisements about debt consolidation offers,get-rich-quick schemes, and stock market tips.The underlying principle is ---22--- if you e-mailenough people, some are likely to be interestedin or taken in by your offer. It is ---23--- that over90 billion spam messages are sent each day.There are various techniques for preventingspam, ---24--- the most effective is spam filters.These are computer programs that automaticallyscan incoming email messages and decidewhich are likely to be spam. The filters can beset up ---25--- the program deletes the spammessages automatically, sends them to a holdingfolder for later examination, or takes some otherappropriate action.

21.

sent outA)sending outB)had sent outC)having sent out D)was sent outE)

22.

thatA)whenB)whichC)what D)whereE)

23.

combined A)declined B)estimated C)terminated D)discharged E)

24.

in contrastA)butB)moreoverC)otherwise D)thereforeE)

25.

given that A)however B)as though C)so that D)on the other handE)


4

YÖKDİL

A

26 - 30. sorularda, aşağıdaki parçadanumaralanmış yerlere uygun düşensözcük ya da ifadeyi bulunuz.

Did the ancestors of modern birds survive ---26--- they ate seeds? 66 million years ago anasteroid struck Earth and wiped out an estimated75 percent of life. It is an event that infamously---27--- the extinction of the dinosaur. One maywonder: how did the ancestors of modern-daybirds survive when all their relatives perished? Astudy which ---28--- in Current Biology in 2017hypothesizes that some birdlike dinosaurssurvived because they had toothless beaks, andcould feed on fire-resistant seeds when the foodsources of most other species ---29---. For thisstudy, Derek Larson analyzed more than 3,000fossilized teeth from birdlike dinosaurs that livedin western North America ---30--- the Cretaceousperiod.

26.

or elseA)butB)unlessC)whereasD)becauseE)

27.

appearedA)causedB)defeatedC)sharedD)calledE)

28.

publishedA)has publishedB)may be publishedC)had publishedD)was publishedE)

29.

ignoredA)servedB)disappearedC)declaredD)offeredE)

30.

duringA)onB)offC)betweenD)amongE)


5

YÖKDİL

A

31 - 41. sorularda, verilen cümleyi uygunşekilde tamamlayan ifadeyi bulunuz.

Modern estimates suggest that 85 percent ofthe universe’s mass is invisible to even themost powerful telescopes -------.

31.

but evidence about the fate of our galaxy islimited

A)

and is only detectable through the influenceof its gravity

B)

so that it simply does not interact with lightC)where several decades of experiments haveproved ineffective

D)

following the deduction that several objectshave been used

E)

Although we do not typically think of bacteriaas being capable of sight, -------.

32.

antibiotics can kill the good bacteria in thebody along with the bad

A)

humans have been wondering about theanswer to these questions for centuries

B)

such detailed studies aim to pay specialattention to the species crisis

C)

they started to believe that perhaps thesignals were not random

D)

they have light-responsive proteins that aresimilar to our own visual system

E)

The dominance of fossil fuels will remainunchallenged for at least the next fourdecades, -------.

33.

as well as a large number of countriesdependent on renewable energy sources

A)

therefore, green policies will play animportant role in our immediate energyneeds

B)

thus, the amount of European powersupplied by renewables is more than that offossil fuels

C)

even if countries pursue environmental orenergy policies enforced by internationalagreements

D)

now that renewable sources are urgentlyneeded for sustainable development

E)

While flowing water has not been directlyobserved on Mars, -------.

34.

there are signs that it has potentially madesome brief appearances on the surface

A)

water is not found on the surface or withinrocks and soil in any of its forms

B)

the scientists who travelled to this continentconcluded that it has large reservoirs ofwater

C)

continued monitoring shows that suchactivity may be due to chemical processes

D)

the initial report from Mariner 4 stated thatthese planets never had Earth-like oceans

E)

-------, mercury levels in the oceans haveincreased at an alarming rate since theIndustrial Revolution.

35.

As tuna is a kind of long-lived predator in theoceans

A)

In agreement with global efforts to protectthe ecosystem

B)

Due to mining and the burning of fossil fuelsC)Even after heavy fishing in the PacificOcean

D)

Despite the amount of mercury in fish andmammals

E)

Scientists have finally established theidentity of a missing element within theEarth's core, -------.

36.

who could help us to better understand howthey formed

A)

that strongly argues that the earth orbits thesun

B)

but the core first separated from the rockyparts of Earth

C)

whose work was needed to confirm thepresence of silicon

D)

for which they have been searching formany decades

E)


6

YÖKDİL

AWhen the brain cells of humans and all othermammals are starved of oxygen, -------.

37.

they run out of sufficient energy and begin todie as a result

A)

biology deals with humans, animals as wellas plants

B)

such innovations in the field of science havebecome compulsory

C)

oxygen level in brain cells plays a vital partin humans

D)

such levels depend on age and gender ofthe species

E)

‘Erosion’ is a blanket or general term for avariety of processes -------.

38.

therefore, much of the surface rock on Earthwas caused by erosion

A)

but they played a more important role onEarth than on any other planet

B)

if such substances are used to build newcommunal structures

C)

that break down or transport rock throughthe action of ice, liquid, or gas

D)

even though the carving of canyons byrivers is an example of erosion

E)

Producing artificial spider silk has long beena dream of many scientists, -------.

39.

as long as spiders spin small amounts of silkin labs

A)

but it is still too early for them to expect thedream to come true

B)

whereas it is well tolerated when it isimplanted in tissues

C)

though such products require plenty of silkfor large scale production

D)

because the researchers have a methodthat works properly

E)

Even the simplest life form on Earth hascountless requirements needed to survive,-------.

40.

when the Earth was only 700 million yearsold

A)

it is determined by many environmentalfactors

B)

such as water, organic materials and energyC)as planets may have some sources ofenergy

D)

resulting in nature and intelligent lifeE)

-------, they have the potential to treat manydifferent kinds of medical conditions.

41.

Although experiments have shown that it ispossible to reprogram an adult skin cell

A)

Even if scientists find ways to recreate theenvironments in which stem cells grow

B)

Though stem cells can be cultured andinduced to develop into different cell types

C)

Because not every stem cell is beneficial intreating diseases in animals

D)

Since embryonic stem cells can transmuteinto any type of tissue

E)


7

YÖKDİL

A

42 - 47. sorularda, verilen İngilizcecümleye anlamca en yakın Türkçe cümleyibulunuz.

Machine translation systems that convertsign language into text help people withhearing difficulties.

42.

Duyma zorluğu çeken insanlara yardımcıolması için işaret dilini metne dönüştürenmakine çeviri sistemleri geliştirildi.

A)

İşaret dilini metne dönüştüren makine çevirisistemleri, duyma zorluğu yaşayan insanlarayardımcı olmaktadır.

B)

İşaret dilini metne dönüştürerek duymazorluğu yaşayan insanlara yardımcı olanyazılıma makine çeviri sistemi denir.

C)

Makine çeviri sistemleri işaret dilini metnedönüştürerek duyma zorluğu çeken birçokinsana yardım etmektedir.

D)

Duyma zorluğu yaşayan insanlara yardımcıolabilmek için makine çeviri sistemleri metniişaret diline dönüştürür.

E)

The International Space Station is a globalproject which proves that different states areable to work together in space exploration.

43.

Farklı devletler bir araya gelerek uzay keşfialanında çalışabilir, Uluslararası Uzayİstasyonu bunun en iyi kanıttır.

A)

Farklı devletlerin birlikte çalışarakUluslararası Uzay İstasyonu gibi küresel birproje üretmesi, uzay çalışmaları açısındanönemli bir adımdır.

B)

Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu, farklıdevletlerin uzay keşfinde beraberçalışabildiklerini kanıtlayan küresel birprojedir.

C)

Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu, birçok devletinuzay keşfi konusunda beraber çalışmalarınısağlayan küresel bir projedir.

D)

Uzayın keşfi için farklı devletlerin bir arayagelerek Uluslararası Uzay İstasyonu gibi birprojeye imza atması büyük başarıdır.

E)

Robots are becoming easier to program andmore flexible to use, which enables a singlefactory to manufacture many differentproducts.

44.

Giderek daha kolay programlanabilir vedaha esnek şekilde kullanılabilir robotlarınortaya çıkması sayesinde fabrikalar birçokfarklı ürünü imal edebilir.

A)

Fabrikaların birçok ürünü imal edebilmesininarkasında, giderek daha kolayprogramlanabilir ve daha esnek şekildekullanılabilir hale gelen robotlar vardır.

B)

Bir fabrikanın birçok farklı ürünü imaledebilmesi, ancak robotların daha kolayprogramlanabilir ve daha esnek şekildekullanılabilir olmasıyla mümkündür.

C)

Robotlar giderek daha kolayprogramlanabilir ve daha esnek şekildekullanılabilir bir hâle gelmekte, bu da tek birfabrikanın birçok farklı ürünü imal etmesineolanak sağlamaktadır.

D)

Giderek daha kolay programlanabilir vedaha esnek şekilde kullanılabilir robotlarınsayısının artmasıyla birlikte, tek bir fabrikabirçok farklı ürünü imal edebilir halegelecektir.

E)

The behavioural changes that take placerapidly during the first twelve years of lifematch changes in brain structure that occurduring that time.

45.

Yaşamın ilk on-iki yılında hızlı bir şekildemeydana gelen davranışsal değişimler, buzaman zarfında beyin yapısında oluşandeğişimlerle uyumludur.

A)

Yaşamımızın ilk on-iki yılında beynimizde vedavranışlarımızda meydana gelen hızlıdeğişimler birbirinden ayırt edilemeyecekkadar benzerlik gösterirler.

B)

Yaşamımızın ilk on-iki yılında beynimizde vedavranışlarımızda meydana gelen hızlıdeğişimler birbirleriyle uyumlu şekilde gelişir.

C)

Yaşamın ilk yıllarında meydana gelendavranışsal değişimler ile bu süreç içindebeyin yapısında oluşan bazı değişimlerarasında benzerlikler mevcuttur.

D)

Yaşamın ilk on-iki yılında hızlı bir şekildemeydana gelen davranışsal değişimler, busüreçte beyin yapısında oluşan değişimlerebüyük ölçüde uyum gösterir.

E)


8

YÖKDİL

AToday, only billionaires can afford a privateflight into space, but by 2150 the cost of sucha flight will probably be no more than that ofa first class airline ticket.

46.

Günümüzde, uzaya özel uçakla gitmeyeyalnızca milyarderlerin gücü yetmesinerağmen, böyle bir uçuşun maliyetinin2150’ye kadar birinci sınıf bir uçak biletindendaha pahalı olmayacağı tahmin ediliyor.

A)

Günümüzde uzaya özel uçuş yapmayasadece milyarderlerin gücü yetmektedir,ancak böyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’yekadar muhtemelen birinci sınıf bir uçakbiletinden daha fazla olmayacaktır.

B)

Günümüzde, uzaya özel uçuşgerçekleştirmeye sadece milyarderleringücü yetiyor, ama böyle bir uçuşunmaliyetinin 2150 yılında birinci sınıf bir uçakbiletinden ucuz olacağı düşünülmektedir.

C)

Uzaya özel uçakla gitmek sadecemilyarderlere özgü bir ayrıcalıktır, ancakböyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’ye kadarbirinci sınıf bir uçak biletiyle aynı olacaktır.

D)

Geçmişte uzaya özel uçakla gitmeyeyalnızca milyarderlerin gücü yetiyordu,ancak böyle bir uçuşun maliyeti 2150’yekadar bir uçak bileti ücretine denk gelecekşekilde ucuzlayacaktır.

E)

Quantum computers might be more powerfulthan traditional computers, but someapplications will require more computingpower than one quantum computer canprovide on its own.

47.

Kuantum bilgisayarlar, gelenekselbilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olsalar bile, bazıuygulamaların gerektirdiği işlem gücünü tekbaşlarına karşılamaları mümküngörünmüyor.

A)

Kuantum bilgisayarlar, gelenekselbilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olacaklardır,ancak bazı uygulamalar için gerekli olanişlem gücünü tek başlarına karşılayamazlar.

B)

Kuantum bilgisayarlar, gelenekselbilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olabilirler, ancakbazı uygulamaların bir kuantum bilgisayarıntek başına sağlayabileceğinden daha fazlaişlem gücü gerektireceği unutulmamalıdır.

C)

Modern bilgisayarlar, gelenekselbilgisayarlara nazaran daha güçlü olabilirler,ama yine de bazı uygulamalar için gerekliolan işlem gücünü tek başınaüretemeyebilirler.

D)

Kuantum bilgisayarlar, gelenekselbilgisayarlardan daha güçlü olabilirler, ancakbazı uygulamalar bir kuantum bilgisayarıntek başına sağlayabileceğinden daha fazlaişlem gücü gerektirecektir.

E)


9

YÖKDİL

A

48 - 53. sorularda, verilen Türkçe cümleyeanlamca en yakın İngilizce cümleyibulunuz.

Evrendeki diğer temel güçlerlekarşılaştırıldığında oldukça zayıf olmasınarağmen, yerçekimi evrendeki en devasacisimlerin hareketlerinin arkasındaki iticigüçtür.

48.

Compared to the other fundamental forcesin the universe, gravity is weak, yet it isconsidered to be the driving force behind themotions of many objects in the universe.

A)

When compared to the other vital forces inthe universe, gravity is the weakest, but it isstill the driving force behind the motions ofthe most massive objects in the universe.

B)

Although it is quite weak compared to theother fundamental forces in the universe,gravity is the driving force behind themotions of the most massive objects in theuniverse.

C)

Gravity is the basic driving force behind themotions of many massive objects in theuniverse despite the fact that it is theweakest force in the universe.

D)

Gravity, admittedly weaker than the otherbasic forces in the universe, is the drivingforce behind the motions of several massiveobjects in the universe.

E)

Gözlem verileri birçok galaksinin merkezindekara deliklerin bulunabileceğini gösteriyor.

49.

Data supported by observations show thatthere are black holes at the centre of mostgalaxies, if not all.

A)

Observational data indicate that black holesmay exist at the centre of many galaxies.

B)

Data based on recent observations suggestthat many galaxies are likely to have blackholes at their centre.

C)

There are most probably black holes at thecentre of many galaxies as proved by recentobservational data

D)

According to observational data, it is quiteevident that there are black holes at thecentre of most galaxies, if not all.

E)

Derhâl müdahale edilmediği takdirde iklimdeğişikliğinin küresel çapta felaketlere vebinlerce ölüme neden olabileceği tahminedilmektedir.

50.

It is estimated that climate change, if notaddressed urgently, may cause disastersand thousands of deaths globally.

A)

It is calculated that climate change willcause disasters and thousands of deaths if itis not addressed in the near future.

B)

Climate change is thought to cause majordisasters and thousands of deaths evenafter the recent measures.

C)

Climate change will likely cause some majordisasters and thousands of deaths globally ifit is not tackled properly.

D)

Climate change, if not handledappropriately, is likely to cause majordisasters and thousands of deaths globally.

E)

Dünyanın başka hiçbir yerinde bulunmayansayısız türün evi olarak bilinen tropik yağmurormanları, daha önce hiç görülmemiş birhızda yok ediliyor.

51.

Tropical rainforests are the home tonumerous species found nowhere else inthe world, but they are being destroyedrapidly.

A)

Tropical rainforests, which are the home ofnumerous species existing nowhere else inthe world, are being saved at anunprecedented rate.

B)

As tropical rainforests are being destroyedat an alarming rate, numerous species foundnowhere else in the world are becomingextinct at an unprecedented rate.

C)

Known to be the home of numerous speciesfound nowhere else in the world, tropicalrainforests are destroyed at anunprecedented rate.

D)

Although it is known to be the home ofnumerous species rarely found in the world,tropical rainforests are destroyed at analarming rate.

E)


10

YÖKDİL

ABilim insanları, yetersiz petrol ve gazkaynaklarına sahip olan ülkelerin,yenilenebilir enerjiye geçmesini öneriyor.

52.

Due to limited oil and gas resources in thecountry, scientists strongly recommend ashift to renewable energy.

A)

Scientists recommend that countries withinsufficient oil and gas resources shouldshift to renewable energy.

B)

The restricted oil and gas resources in thecountry forced scientists to propose a rapidshift to renewable energy.

C)

Considering how little oil and gas resourcescountries have, scientists recommend a shiftto renewable energy.

D)

Since the country has limited oil and gasresources, scientists propose to use morerenewable energy.

E)

Bazı tasarımcılar için üretim sürecindeyapıtları üzerinde belli bir ölçüde denetimesahip olmaları önemlidir.

53.

Retaining a degree of control over their workin the production stage is considered vital bydesigners.

A)

According to designers, retaining somedegree of control over the productionprocess is really important.

B)

For designers who produce certain works, itis necessary to retain a degree of controlover their work.

C)

It is important for some designers to retain adegree of control over their work in theproduction process.

D)

Some designers believe that retainingcontrol over their work in the productionprocess is vital.

E)

54 - 59. sorularda, parçada anlambütünlüğünü sağlamak için boş bırakılanyerlere getirilebilecek cümleyi bulunuz.

There are many ways to define ‘time’ at aparticular location. Here, on Earth, our usualsystem is defined by the motion of the Sun inthe sky. This means that the local timedepends on where you are on Earth and weget around this complication by having manydifferent time zones. Now, we could alsodefine a similar time system based on themotion of the Sun as seen from the Moon.Such a system exists but it is not much morethan an interesting exercise in physics. -------.This is called Universal Time, and it is amodern form of Greenwich Mean Time. It isthe same everywhere in the Universe.

54.

What is more useful, however, is a definitionof time that does not vary with location

A)

It is difficult to keep track of time at work dueto the workload

B)

There have been several unsuccessfulattempts to define a brand-new computingsystem

C)

So, the time on the Moon can never be thesame as the time on Earth

D)

Therefore, it will never be possible tocalculate exactly what time it is on the Moon

E)

High-altitude landscapes are some of themost inhospitable places on Earth. They arecold, dry, and oxygen-poor, which causessleeplessness, fatigue, coughing, confusion,and a rapid pulse. They were the last placeshumans settled, yet people did it andsurvived. -------. From the Himalayas to theAndes to the Ethiopian Plateau, people haveevolved in ways that allow them to live athigh altitude.

55.

The Himalayas and the Andes attract manyclimbers looking for adventure

A)

This was all about our failure to cope withsuch an extreme phenomenon

B)

Living at such heights causes hypoxia, acondition where tissues cannot get enoughoxygen

C)

It is easier to find well-protected remains ofancient empires than ever before due totechnology

D)

The only logical explanation for this is ourability to adapt, especially to extremeenvironments

E)


11

YÖKDİL

ACeres, an unassuming-looking object madeof ice and rock, lies between Mars andJupiter in the expanse of the Asteroid Belt. Itwas first spotted by Sicilian astronomerGiuseppe Piazzi on 1 January 1801. This965-kilometre diameter ball could just havebeen considered a dead, grey rock in space. -------. It has been discovered that it was – andpossibly still is – an active world that mayhave had cryovolcanoes of the kind that haspretty much disappeared from Earth.

56.

There are also some other mountains onCeres such as Liberalia and Yamor

A)

Just one solitary peak made of ice, mud andsalts, called Ahuna Mons

B)

But as NASA’s Dawn spacecraft hasrecently uncovered, Ceres has been hidinga strange secret

C)

These planets are not the only bodiesdiscovered in our Solar system

D)

That is, if it erupts icy materials like waterice, or methane instead of lava

E)

As honeybees develop, they undergometamorphosis. -------. At the right moment,the protective wax caps put in place byworker bees are removed, revealing thepupae just days before they are ready toemerge as fully grown adults. Bees in thisstage are pale, as their outer shells are notyet hardened. When they emerge as adults,their shells can still take a few hours to fullyharden. This means that very young bees aremore or less unable to sting.

57.

The shell of a new born bee is not as hardas it is supposed to be

A)

The queen bee is not involved in theprocess of wax cell production

B)

It is a great idea to mark honeybees if youwant to follow them

C)

Their lifecycle consists of four stages: egg,larva, pupa, and adult

D)

Young bees, compared to fully grown adults,are less dangerous to us

E)

Late in the twentieth century, evidence ofglobal warming mounted as ice sheets in theArctic and Antarctic began melting rapidly.Carbon dioxide levels climbed, and theprotective ozone layer shrank. AlthoughEarth had experienced cycles of abnormalwarmth and cold even before humansappeared, most scientists and some politicalleaders feared that human activity wasseriously disrupting the world’s climate.They urged energy conservation andalternatives to carbon-rich oil and coal, suchas solar and wind power, hydrogen, andsynthetic fuels. -------.

58.

Like many developed countries, the UnitedStates, proportionally the world’s largestenergy user, supports cost-efficient projects

A)

As a result, 140 nations approved anenvironmental agreement in 2005, known asthe Kyoto Protocols, in order to limitdestructive emissions

B)

It has been long known that electric utilitiesusing fossil fuels produce greater airpollution than nuclear power plants

C)

When the cold war was over, many nationsstarted scientific space exploration todiscover habitable planets

D)

However, one of the major challenges facingdeveloping countries today is to findsufficient oil resources

E)

There are objects that are classified neitheras stars nor as planets, called ‘browndwarfs’. -------. Brown dwarfs accumulatematter in the same way as stars, but fail toattain enough mass to ignite hydrogenfusion. Stars can fuse hydrogen into helium,which can only occur above a certaintemperature and pressure. Thus, objectsabove this threshold are stars. Brown dwarfsinitially produce heat by fusing an isotope ofhydrogen called deuterium into helium-3,which occurs at lower temperatures andlower masses.

59.

NASA is looking for more information aboutthe planets’ atmosphere

A)

Thus, more precise measurements will nolonger be needed

B)

Such information will also explain theprocesses that shaped the young Milky Way

C)

Researchers originally thought that thesystem had three planets

D)

This term was first coined by Jill Tarter ofthe SETI Institute

E)


12

YÖKDİL

A

60 - 65. sorularda, cümleler sırasıylaokunduğunda parçanın anlambütünlüğünü bozan cümleyi bulunuz.

(I) Such an assumption has not yet beentested rigorously for most animal species. (II)Vertebrates are often marked to facilitate theidentification of free-ranging individualanimals or groups for studies of behaviour,population biology, and physiology. (III)Marked animals provide data for home rangeuse, resource selection, social behaviour,and population estimation. (IV) Markers canbe classified into three general categories:mutilations, tags and bands, and radiotransmitters. (V) The appropriate markingtechnique for a study depends on severalconsiderations, including study objectives,target species, marker cost, marker efficacy,and marker effects on the animals.

60.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) An environmentalist, on the other hand, issomeone who actively works to preserve theenvironment from destruction or pollution.(II) Environment includes everything thataffects an organism during its lifetime. (III) Inturn, all organisms, including people, affectmany components in their environment. (IV)From a human point of view, environmentalissues involve concerns about science,nature, health, employment, profit, law,politics, ethics, fine arts, and economics. (V)Therefore, environmental science is by itsnature a multidisciplinary field.

61.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) An alternative career opportunity forengineers has been offered by FrederickTaylor. (II) He has proposed that engineersshould take over the role of managers in thegovernance of companies and that ofpoliticians in the governance of society. (III)This proposal would lead to theestablishment of a technocracy, that is,government by experts. (IV) The role ofengineers would, thus, be that of technocratswho, on the basis of technological insight, dowhat they consider best for a company or forsociety. (V) For instance, being an engineerrequires great responsibility for a number ofreasons.

62.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


13

YÖKDİL

A(I) Our food and materials come to us via asystem that spans the world and whoseconsequences are mostly concealed from us.(II) On average, food is said to travel morethan 1,300 miles from where it was grown orproduced to where it is eaten. (III) In such asystem, there is no conceivable way ofknowing the human or ecologicalconsequences of eating. (IV) The averagecitizen of the United States now uses some186,000 calories of energy each day. (V) Norcan we know the full cost of virtually foodthat we purchase or discard.

63.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) ENIAC, the first electronic computer, wascompleted in 1945 at the University ofPennsylvania under a military contract. (II)Engineer J. Presper Eckert and physicistJohn W. Mauchly’s enormous device waspowered by 18,000 vacuum tubes andperformed 5,000 calculations per second. (III)While computers allegedly reduce paperdocuments, new copying and printingtechnologies only increase the flood. (IV)Hungarian refugee John von Neumann soonafter developed what became the basicarchitecture of computer systems. (V) Theinvention of transistors by lab scientists atBell Laboratories in 1948 eventuallyeliminated clumsy vacuum tubes and pavedthe way for microchips.

64.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)

(I) Dinosaurs were ‘born’ officially in 1842. (II)They were all land-living animals, whichposes particular problems. (III) They owetheir birth to the work of the Britishanatomist Richard Owen, whose work hadconcentrated upon the unique nature of someextinct fossil reptiles. (IV) At the time ofOwen’s review, he was working on asurprisingly large collection of fossil bonesand teeth that had been discovered up to thattime and were scattered around the BritishIsles. (V) Although the birth of dinosaurs wasrelatively inauspicious, they were soon tobecome the centre of worldwide attention.

65.

IA)IIB)IIIC)IVD)VE)


14

YÖKDİL

A

66 - 68. soruları aşağıda verilen parçayagöre cevaplayınız.

Farmers are under pressure to reduce chemicalpesticides and their ability to do so will be aidedby the news that the U.S. Department ofAgriculture is about to start trialling a device thatcan kill insects with a laser. Developed by anAmerican company, the ‘Photonic Fence’ is notreally a fence at all, but a small box containinglasers, cameras and an Artificial Intelligence (AI)computer system. The cameras scan the airaround the device for 100 metres, and the AIsystem measures the shape, speed andacceleration frequency of any bugs detected toestablish which are potentially harmful. Anyinsects identified as a threat can then be zappedby the lasers, with a ‘kill rate’ of up to 20 insectsper second. By deploying several such devices,farmers could effectively create a virtual fencearound their crops that kills harmful pests butleaves bees and other beneficial or harmlessinsects untouched. The U.S. trials will beginsoon. If the device is proven to work, then thecompany hopes to bring a commercial product tomarket, though that will still be some years away.

We understand from the text that the‘Photonic Fence’ -------.

66.

has not been mass produced yetA)removes all types of insects on farmsB)may not be effective since it only kills a fewinsects

C)

is a box which looks like a real fenceD)will certainly be a waste of money due to itshigh cost

E)

It is clear from the text that farmers ------- .67.

are against the use of the Photonic Fence infarming

A)

are not allowed to use any chemicalpesticides in farming

B)

will continue using pesticide as it is cheaperC)are expected to decrease the amounts ofchemical pesticides they use

D)

will not be able to afford the Photonic Fenceat the moment

E)

The text is mainly about -------.68.

a new device which aims to destroy harmfulinsects via laser technology

A)

the reasons why most American farmershave recently stopped using pesticides

B)

how a company devised the ‘PhotonicFence’ to save harmful pests

C)

the technical challenges of designing the‘Photonic Fence’ experienced by scientists

D)

methods of distinguishing harmful pestsfrom beneficial ones in farming

E)


15

YÖKDİL

A


Wernher von Braun is famous for being thecreator of the space program that made itpossible to put the first person on the moon onJuly 20, 1969. He grew up in Germany. From anearly age he was fascinated by rockettechnology and was involved in developingrockets for the German army in the 1930s. In1937, he joined Hitler’s National Socialist Party,about which he later stated: “My refusal to jointhe party would have meant that I would havehad to abandon the work of my life. Therefore, Idecided to join”. In 1943, it was claimed that hesabotaged the V2 rocket program, and wasarrested by the Nazis. Later, however, he wasreleased. In 1945, he realized that the Germanswere going to lose the war, and arranged for histeam to be handed over to the Americans. In theU.S., Von Braun originally worked on thedevelopment of rockets for military purposes. Hisdream came true by playing a key role in thespace travel program. Von Braun’s big dream didtherefore ultimately come true.

According to the text, Von Braun joinedHitler’s party -------.

69.

to be able to get enough information aboutthe rocket programs of other nations

A)

in order to continue his career in rockettechnology

B)

because his refusal would lead to hisfamily’s arrest

C)

since he was the only person with profoundknowledge of the moon

D)

to get permission from Hitler to work for bothGermany and the U.S.

E)

It is understood from the text that Von Braun-------.

70.

had no interest in science when he was alittle child

A)

joined Hitler’s party to improve his militaryskills

B)

spent most of his childhood in AmericaC)sabotaged the V2 rocket program to help theU.S. in the war

D)

decided to work for the Americans togetherwith his team

E)


scientists who played an active role inmilitary operations

A)

the role of science and scientists in theSecond World War

B)

the determination of Von Braun to fulfil hislife-long dream

C)

Von Braun’s teenage enthusiasm for rocketdesign

D)

how the U.S. became victorious in theSecond World War

E)


16

YÖKDİL

A


‘Heritability’ is a measure of the relativeimportance of genes in determining variation inqualitative traits among individuals. However, thecalculated heritability value is unique to thepopulation in which it was measured and to theenvironment of that population. The specificity ofheritability means that we should be verycautious when using heritability to measure thegeneral importance of genes to the developmentof a trait. A famous misapplication of heritabilitycomes from the book The Bell Curve, by CharlesHerrnstein and Richard Murray, published in1994. In this book, the authors report that IQscores differ among subpopulations in the UnitedStates. Among white Americans, IQ averagesare around 100 while among African-Americanpopulations, IQ averages are nearly 15 pointslower. Using a conservative estimate of theheritability of intelligence, they argued that the IQdifferences between whites and blacks areprimarily due to a genetic difference inintelligence between these groups. However, oncloser look, we can see that Herrnstein andMurray’s conclusion is flawed. These differencescould be entirely due to environment. Given thehistory and current social and economic status ofAfrican-Americans in the United States, it iscertainly possible that their environment is lessenriched than the average environmentexperienced by a white individual.

According to the text, Herrnstein andMurray’s research -------.

72.

is flawless in terms of methods appliedA)is the best work on IQ up to dateB)is questionable due to a mistake inapplication of heritability

C)

was published in the first half of thetwentieth century

D)

deals with environmental problemsE)

It can be clearly understood from the text that-------.

73.

environment is the only variable affectingthe intelligence level

A)

there is no simple causal relationshipbetween IQ and race

B)

the heritability value of IQ is constant for allpopulations and cultures

C)

white Americans scored lower thanAfrican-Americans in the IQ test

D)

Herrnstein and Murray have rejected usingIQ scores in their research

E)


the high living standards ofAfrican-Americans

A)

the different editions of a book on IQ scorestitled The Bell Curve

B)

IQ levels of African-Americans living in theUnited States

C)

a comparative study of IQ scores betweentwo groups in Africa

D)

a well-known misapplication of heritability inIQ testing

E)


17

YÖKDİL

A


In addition to temperature, other factors such asthe availability of water, prevalence of highwinds, and the duration and intensity of sunlightalso limit the geographical areas in which variouscrops can be grown. However, as far as gettingthe best crop is concerned, even when fruit treeshave bloomed satisfactorily, temperature can bea determinant of whether a good crop will beharvested. Most deciduous fruits needpollination, which is normally done byhoneybees. If the temperature is not right, thebees just quit flying, and that can mean a verypoor crop indeed. Even if the bees fly and pollenis spread, the pollen must germinate and thepollen tube grow down to the ovule, a processthat can be severely restricted by unseasonablylow temperatures. And even when pollination hasbeen successful, the growth of individual grapeberries (botanically, grapes are berries) can berestricted by both too high and too lowtemperatures.

It is clear from the text that -------.75.

the success of the pollination processdepends solely on the quality of the plant

A)

inadequate sunlight can be disregardedwhen trees have bloomed satisfactorily

B)

crops may not fully develop unlesstemperatures are suitable

C)

the development of deciduous fruits isinduced by pollination without bees

D)

new drug tests must be conducted oncertain plants

E)

Which of the following is NOT mentioned inthe text as a factor that affects crop growth?

76.

Fluctuations in temperatureA)The taste of fruitsB)Existence of sufficient waterC)Pollination agents like honeybeesD)Successful pollen germinationE)


the significant role of temperature in growinggood crops

A)

the role of temperature on the post-harvestprocess

B)

adaptation of pollination in other fields ofstudy

C)

the difficulty in detecting honey beesD)factors behind the crop variety in someregions

E)


18

YÖKDİL

A


Fusion energy almost sounds too good to be truebecause of zero greenhouse gas emissions, nolong-lived radioactive waste, and nearly unlimitedfuel supply. Yet, fusion power designs are notcheap enough to outperform systems that usefossil fuels such as coal and natural gas.However, University of Washington engineershope to change that. They have designed aconcept for a fusion reactor that, when scaled upto the size of a large electrical power plant,would rival costs for a new coal-fired plant withsimilar electrical output. The design builds onexisting technology and creates a magnetic fieldwithin a closed space to hold plasma in placelong enough for fusion to occur, allowing the hotplasma to react and burn. The reactor itselfwould be largely self-sustaining, meaning itwould continuously heat the plasma to maintainthermonuclear conditions. Heat generated fromthe reactor would heat up a coolant that is usedto spin a turbine and generate electricity, similarto how a typical power plant works.

It is clear from the text that-------.78.

engineers have succeeded in makingcurrent energy systems moreenvironmentally friendly

A)

a fusion reactor can produce much morepower than present plants

B)

for the time being, the cost of fusion energydesign is too high to be used widely

C)

the fusion power plant design is basedentirely on new technology

D)

a cheaper way to produce energy from fossilfuels is under way

E)

It is clear from the text that -------.79.

electricity production in a fusion reactor ismore time-consuming than other powerplants

A)

coal-fired plants will produce less energy iffusion plants are operational

B)

the number of coal-fired power plants isdeclining due to fusion reactors in use

C)

when in use, the fusion power plant will notrelease any harmful gases

D)

fusion reactors and fossil-fuelled powerplants can both be turned intoself-sustaining energy sources

E)

The text mainly deals with -------.80.

various cost-efficient means of producingenergy

A)

existing fusion power plants and theirbenefits

B)

research on future plants run by fossil fuelsC)the cost of fusion power plants andcoal-fired plants

D)

a prospective fusion reactor design withgreat potential

E)


19

YÖKDİL

A Grubu Cevap Anahtarı1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20C D B A C E D C D A E B D C E D A B E D

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40A A C B D E B E C A B E D A C E A D B C

41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60E B C D A B E C B A D B D A E C D B E A

61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80A E D C B A D A B E C C B E C B A C D E


20

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