2016: More of the Same. But, with Much More Drama.€¦ · Greater Phoenix (73% total non-farm Employment in the state) Elliott D. Pollack & Company Employment Growth From Bottom

Elliott D. Pollack & Company

2016: More of the Same.

But, with Much More Drama.

W. P. Carey School’s

Annual Economic Outlook Luncheon

May 11th

, 2016

Presented By:

Elliott D. Pollack

CEO, Elliott D. Pollack & Company


Can the Recovery Last?

2


Yes!

3


Is the Sky Falling?

4


Most Likely, No.

5


Where We Stand–

• The recovery is starting to show signs of

middle age.

6

YOU ARE

SOMEWHERE

AROUND HERE


Mortgage Equity Withdrawal

as a share of Disposable Income-Single Family

U.S.: 1958 – 2015 Source: Bureau of Economic Analysis, Federal Reserve

-8.0%

-6.0%

-4.0%

-2.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

Recession Periods

7


Bottom Line Slow Intermediate Term Growth

8

http://www.boredpanda.com/grandpa-decided-to-pimp-his-ride-grandma-agreed/

Elliott D. Pollack & Company 9

Arizona &

Greater Phoenix (73% total non-farm Employment

in the state)


Employment Growth From Bottom of Recession to Now

Seasonally Adjusted Source: BLS

Area % Change % of Arizona

Growth

2014 Annual

Wages

United States 10.1% $51,296

Arizona 13.5% 100.0% $46,541

Greater Phoenix 16.3% 85.3% $48,867

Greater Tucson 7.0% 7.7% $41,434

Balance of State 6.7% 7.0% $35,186

Note: Start of Recession Sept. 2010 to Mar. 2016

Wages for Private industries

10


Arizona–

The State has had a significant recovery in

both absolute and relative terms.

It is only when we compare ourselves to

previous Arizona recoveries that we look so

bad.

11


The World has Changed…

Pre-2007 Post-2007


Year Rank

2005 2

2006 2

2007 17

2008 46

2009 49

2010 49

2011 27

2012 9

2013 10

2014 16

2015 11

2016* 7

Year Rank

1993 5

1994 2

1995 2

1996 2

1997 2

1998 1

1999 2

2000 5

2001 9

2002 10

2003 4

2004 2

Arizona Employment Growth

Arizona’s Rank Out of 50 States Source: Arizona State University, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

*YTD March 2016 vs. YTD March 2015 13


Year Rank # MSA’s

2005 1 26

2006 1 27

2007 10 29

2008 25 29

2009 23 24

2010 23 23

2011 14 25

2012 10 28

2013 7 29

2014 15 31

2015 11 32

2016* 4 32

Year Rank # MSA’s

1993 2 19

1994 1 19

1995 1 20

1996 1 21

1997 2 22

1998 1 23

1999 3 24

2000 7 25

2001 7 26

2002 5 25

2003 3 25

2004 3 25

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale Employment Growth (Ranking among all metro areas greater than 1,000,000)

Source: Arizona State University, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

*YTD March 2016 vs. YTD March 2015 14


Why has Arizona growth

in this cycle been

subpar relative to its

historical norm?

15


(1) Sub normal national recovery

(2) Slowdown in

population flows

(3) Slow housing recovery

(4) Local factors

16


What has changed?

17


Growth itself is an economic

driver in Arizona–

People moving to the State creates demand

for goods and services that create more

jobs.

When you grow at 1.8% instead of 3.2%, the

part of the economy that is based on

servicing new people shrinks.


Fewer people mean fewer houses

& less commercial construction.

19


Less need for migrants

(international and national)

chasing jobs.

20


Greater Phoenix Unemployment Rate

1990 – 2016* Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics

Recession Periods

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

10.0%

12.0%

*Data through March 2016 21


Employment Growth From Bottom of Recession (Start of Recovery)

Greater Phoenix Employment, Seasonally Adjusted Source: BLS

22

Recession

Emp.

Trough

66 mos.

Later

% Growth

1974-1975 Dec-74 Jun-80 43.3%

1981-1982 Sep-82 Mar-88 42.5%

1991 Aug-91 Feb-97 35.7%

2001 Dec-01 Jun-07 21.6%

2007-2009 Sep-10 Mar-16 16.3%


Population Growth after Recessions Greater Phoenix

Source: ADOA

23

Start of

Recovery

Population

Population

6 years later

% Growth

1975 1,377,700 1,658,988 24.0%

1981 1,658,988 2,102,571 26.7%

1991 2,301,825 2,900,325 26.0%

2001 3,360,062 4,087,390 21.6%

2009 4,186,130 4,482,906 7.1%


Greater Phoenix Employment*

Annual Percent Change 1976–2017** Source: Arizona Department of Administration

4.9%

8.7%

13.3%

10.4%

3.7%3.0%

-0.1%

5.8%

11.2%

9.3%

4.8%3.5%

5.9%

2.5%2.2%

-0.4%

1.1%

4.9%

6.6%7.2%7.3%

5.4%5.4%4.6%

3.5%

1.3%0.0%

1.5%

3.9%

6.2%5.4%

1.7%

-2.5%

-7.8%

-1.9%

1.5%2.5%

2.9%

2.3%

3.3%3.4%3.6%

-8%

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

*Non-agricultural wage & salary employment. Changed from SIC to NAICS reporting in 1990.

**2016 & 2017 forecasts from Elliott D. Pollack & Co. as of April 2016.

Recession Periods

Pre-2008 Avg. 4.8%

24


Where are the Inflows of

Population?

25


For the U.S. as a Whole

• 2001 – 2005

• 2011 – 2015

26 Note: Does not include in-state movers

Total Movers down 24%

• Movers from abroad (down 16.3%)

• Movers from other states (down 35%)

• Movers from other counties

in the state (down 14.7%)


Arizona Capture Rate (from abroad and between states)

• 2001 – 2005 = 8.1%

• 2011 – 2015 = 3.5%

27 Note: Does not include in-state movers


Conclusion:

• Due to the lack of national, international,

and in state population flows: 1. Jobs that would have been created by the

domestic demand from people moving here

has also been reduced.

2. It has taken longer to absorb the excess

inventory of single family, office, etc.

Construction employment has suffered.

Thus, the economy would have been stronger.


8

32

16 2

10 44

9

3

11

6

Hawaii

19

7 15

Population Growth 2015 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

4

Alaska

39

1

5 Growing

Declining

Top 10

29


Greater Phoenix Population

Annual Percent Change 1975–2017* Source: AZ Dept. of Administration, EDPCo

2.7%

2.1%

3.7%

4.2%

4.7%

3.9%

3.3%

3.0%3.1%

4.3%

5.1%

4.2%

4.4%

2.9%

2.5%

1.3%

2.4%

2.8%

3.5%

4.3%4.6%

4.2%4.2%

3.8%

4.3% 4.3%

2.6%2.7%

3.1%

3.6%

3.8%3.7%

3.0%

1.9%

0.5%0.3%

0.6%

1.1%

1.5%1.5%1.8%1.8%

1.9%

0%

2%

4%

6%

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

Recession Periods

*2016 and 2017 forecasts from Elliott D. Pollack & Co. as of December 2015.

Pre-2008 Avg. 3.5%

30



Annual Net Change 1975–2017* Source: AZ Dept. of Administration, EDPCo

35.828.7

50.559.6

69.8

60.052.7

49.753.2

75.6

94.581.3

89.3

60.154.9

29.7

54.664.5

83.8

104.2

118.6

111.9115.6

111.0

130.4133.6

84.7

92.0

105.9

127.7

141.6141.5

118.6

79.6

19.1

14.3

27.2

46.3

64.866.2

78.080.7

86.7

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

120.0

140.0

160.0

180.0

200.0

1975

1977

1979

1981

1983

1985

1987

1989

1991

1993

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

2011

2013

2015

2017

Recession Periods

*2016 and 2017 forecasts from Elliott D. Pollack & Co. as of December 2015. 31


Arizona Domestic Migration Ranking 2000-2015

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 3

11

6

11

3

6

3 4

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

32


Arizona International Migration Ranking 2000-2015

Source: U.S. Census Bureau

10 8 8 7

9 7 8 7 8 8

18 17 17 17 17 17

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

33


In terms of national migration, we

are doing O.K. But, there is less

migration overall

In terms of international migration,

we are doing poorly. And, there is

also less international migration.

34


How quickly are population

flows going to recover?

35


SLOWLY!

36

Still buffering, seriously?



Source: U.S. Census Bureau; AZ Dept. of Administration; University of Arizona Forecasting Project; EDPCo

Greater Phoenix Population Estimates and Projections

Population 2015 2016 2017

EDPCo Forecast as of 2015 Q4 4,482,906 4,563,598 4,650,307

Net Change 78,018 80,692 86,708

% Change 1.8% 1.8% 1.9%

U of A Forecasting Project Forecast as of 2016 Q2 4,482,906 4,569,590 4,666,992

Net Change 78,018 86,684 97,402

% Change 1.8% 1.9% 2.1%

Arizona Dept. of Administration Forecast as of 2015 Q4 4,482,906 4,569,800 4,661,600

Net Change 78,018 86,894 91,800

% Change 1.8% 1.9% 2.0%

37


APS: Slowest Growth in over 50 years

1954 – 2016*

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

1954

1956

1958

1960

1962

1964

1966

1968

1970

1972

1974

1976

1978

1980

1982

1984

1986

1988

1990

1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012

2014

2016

Re

sid

en

tia

l C

us

tom

ers

Ov

er

Pri

or

Ye

ar

Source: APS

*Data through the first quarter 2016 38


SRP Residential Utility Hookup Growth

Greater Phoenix 2003 – 2015* Source: SRP

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

4.0%

5.0%

Jan

-03

Ap

r-0

3

Jul-

03

Oct-

03

Jan

-04

Ap

r-0

4

Jul-

04

Oct-

04

Jan

-05

Ap

r-0

5

Jul-

05

Oct-

05

Jan

-06

Ap

r-0

6

Jul-

06

Oct-

06

Jan

-07

Ap

r-0

7

Jul-

07

Oct-

07

Jan

-08

Ap

r-0

8

Jul-

08

Oct-

08

Jan

-09

Ap

r-0

9

Jul-

09

Oct-

09

Jan

-10

Ap

r-1

0

Jul-

10

Oct-

10

Jan

-11

Ap

r-1

1

Jul-

11

Oct-

11

Jan

-12

Ap

r-1

2

Jul-

12

Oct-

12

Jan

-12

Ap

r-1

3

Jul-

13

Oct-

13

Jan

-14

Ap

r-1

4

Jul-

14

Oct-

14

Jan

-15

Ap

r-1

5

Jul-

15

Oct-

15

Recession Period

*Data through September 2015 39



Source: U.S. Bureau of Census; Arizona Department of Administration; University of Arizona Forecasting Project YEAR POPULATION APR

1960 726,183 6.9%

1970 1,039,807 3.7%

1980 1,600,093 4.4%

1990 2,238,498 3.4%

2000 3,251,876 3.8%

2010 4,192,887 2.6%

2015 4,482,906 1.3%

2020* 4,975,050 2.1%

2025* 5,486,091 2.0%

*Forecasts as of 2016 Q2 40


If you believe that

population forecast,

it implies an average of

about 20,000 single family units will

be built each year

from 2015 through 2020.

41


How quickly will housing

recover?

42


Parade of Horribles Housing


What is keeping potential buyers out of the

housing market?

Parade of horribles:

(1) Negative Equity

(2) FHA Loan Limit

(3) Foreclosures

(4) Short Sales

(5) Millennials

(6) Student Loans

(7) Tougher Loan Standards

44


U.S. and Greater Phoenix

Negative Equity Share

2010–2015 Source: CoreLogic

24.5% 24.4% 22.0%

13.3%

10.4% 8.1%

41.1%

23.2%

19.3%

14.2%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

30.0%

35.0%

40.0%

45.0%

2010 Q3 2011 Q3 2012 Q3 2013 Q3 2014 Q3 2015 Q3

U.S. Greater Phoenix

Greater Phoenix data prior to 2012 Q2 not available. 45


FICO Score Distribution

Percent of Population

April 2015 Source: Fair Isaac Corporation

4.9%

7.6%

9.4% 10.3%

13.0%

16.6%

18.2%

19.9%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

300-499 500-549 550-599 600-649 650-699 700-749 750-799 800-850

19% under FHA 580 minimum

39% under FHA 677 average

25% under Fannie/Freddie 620 minimum

60% under Fannie/Freddie 744 average 46


Maricopa County Foreclosure Lag

2002–2023 Source: Information Market

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

CompletedForeclosures

7-Year Lag (Fannie/Freddie)

April 2016

Recession Periods

47


Mortgage Credit Availability Index

2012 – 2016* March 2012 = 100

Source: Mortgage Bankers Association Recession Periods

125

135

115

105

95

2012 2015

*A decline in the MCAI indicates that lending standards are tightening,

while increases in the index are indicative of loosening of credit.

*Data through March 2016

2014 2013

48

2016


Mortgage Credit Availability Index

2004 – 2016* March 2012 = 100

Source: Mortgage Bankers Association Recession Periods

750

1,000

500

250

0

2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014

*A decline in the MCAI indicates that lending standards are tightening,

while increases in the index are indicative of loosening of credit.

*Data through March 2016

49


Good news for housing.

(1) Economic growth is good in Greater Phoenix

(2) Mortgage rates are low & lending is loosening up a bit

(3) Affordability is still good

50


Millennials

51


U.S. Birth Index

1909-2015 Source: U.S. Census Bureau; Harvard Joint Center for Housing Studies

2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

Millennials

1985-2004

(Ages 10-29)

79.4 M

Baby Boomers

1945-1964

(Ages 50-69)

78.7 M

Gen X

1965-1984

(Ages 30-49)

69.5 M

52


U.S. Median Age at First Marriage

1890-2015 Source: U.S. Census Bureau

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

Men Women

Baby Boomers Gen X Millennials

53


Percent of 18-33 Year Olds Married Source: Pew Research

• In 1960 - 64% were married (Silent Generation)

• In 1980 - 49% were married (Baby Boomers)

• In 1997 - 38% were married (Gen X)

• In 2014 - 28% were married (Millennials)

54


When you delay marriage you

delay children. That delays

housing. That delays demand for

housing “stuff”.

55


Total Student Loan Debt Has

Quadrupled!

56


Expenses that Delayed Saving for a Down Payment or

Home Purchase - 2015

By Age Source: National Association of Realtors 2015

All Buyers 35 and

younger

35 to 50 51 to 60 61 to 69 70 to 90

Student Loans 51% 53% 31% 9% 5% 3%

Credit Card Debt 47% 35% 44% 36% 23% 19%

Car Loan 35% 31% 20% 17% 7% 6%

Child Care

Expenses

18% 14% 18% 6% 2% *

Health Care Costs 13% 10% 9% 13% 13% 11%

Other 17% 17% 24% 46% 62% 71%

Median Years

Delayed

3 3 4 5 6 5

57


Student Loan Impact on Economy

If people are paying student loan debt, they are

not buying houses, furniture, beers, etc. Unless

incomes are higher because of their degree.

58


Positions Builders are Having Trouble Filling

Roofers

Plumbers

Painters

Electricians

Masons

Framers

Carpenters

40.0%

45.0%

46.0%

46.0%

53.0%

67.0%

68.0%

Source: National Association of Home Builders, June 2015

59


Who do we hire if there is a

construction labor shortage?


Arizona Population:

Foreign-Born, Non-Citizen Source: American Community Survey

300,000

350,000

400,000

450,000

500,000

550,000

600,000

-1.9% 9.5%

9.2%

6.0%

3.6%

9.8%

6.1%

-8.5%

-6.4%

-13.8% -2.4% -1.9%

2.3%

Recession Periods

61


Illegal Alien Apprehensions FY 2000-2015

Source: U.S. Border Patrol

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

1,800

Mexico All

(000’s)

In 2000, 97.6% of

All apprehensions

were from Mexico

In 2015, only 55.8%

of All apprehensions

were from Mexico

62


E-Verify

Number of Participating Employers FY 2001-2014

Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (000’s)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

20012002200320042005200620072008200920102011201220132014

63


U.S. Unauthorized Immigrant Population FY 1995-2014

Source: Pew Research Center

(Millions)

5.7

12.2 11.3

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

64


The housing recovery is likely to

continue.


Multi-Family

66


Apartments

Births 26-27 year lag


2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000


2016

67


Retirement Home Cycle

Births 65 year lag


2,000,000

2,500,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

4,000,000

4,500,000

2016


68


Multi-Family Year-End Vacancy Rates

Greater Phoenix County 1975–2017* Source: ASU Realty Studies / Berkadia**

6.2%

4.1%3.3%

2.8%

3.9%

6.1%

4.4%

6.1%

6.9%

7.7%

10.1%10.6%

13.0%14.1%

13.4%

10.0%9.5%

8.0%

4.0%3.8%4.5%4.5%

4.8%

5.1%5.9%

6.8%

8.2%

9.4%9.6%

7.9%

6.8%

7.8%

10.2%

12.5%

13.4%

10.8%

7.5%

6.3%6.6%

5.9%5.6%

6.3%6.2%

0%

3%

6%

9%

12%

15%

18%

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

*2016 & 2017 are forecasts from Elliott D. Pollack & Co.

**Data prior to 2005 is from ASU

Recession Periods

69


Multi-Family Housing Market Source: PMHS, Kasten Long, and RealData

Absorption Completions

2007 (5,846) 4,637

2008 (4,466) 7,037

2009 (5,319) 6,737

2010 20,743 698

2011 2,154 910

2012 3,028 2,031

2013 4,822 4,452

2014 4,716 5,658

2015 3,728 6,720

70


Multi-Family Pipeline Source: Anonymous

Year

Potential

New Supply

2016 6,564

2017 4,754

71


-4.0%

-2.0%

0.0%

2.0%

4.0%

6.0%

8.0%

Multi-Family Average Rent Percent Change a Year Ago

2004 – 2016* Source: RealData Inc. Recession Periods

72 *Data through first quarter 2016


Multi-Family Outlook

Higher population growth and continued

weak homeownership suggests the

outlook for apartments is excellent.

73


OFFICE

74


Under any reasonable

employment growth scenario,

we believe it will be at least

2017-2018 before any significant

office construction occurs (although some sub-markets like

Tempe and Downtown Scottsdale

will be sooner).

75


INDUSTRIAL

76


RETAIL


CONCLUSIONS:

How will it all turn out?

78


The World has Changed…

Pre-2007 Post-2007


Economy should continue

to grow.

Real estate outlook rapidly

improving.

80


Greater Phoenix–

No boom in Greater Phoenix

until population increases

more rapidly and real estate

makes a more meaningful

recovery.

81


In fact, given where we are

in the cycle, this could be

the new “Boom!”

82


For a quick analysis of

important economic data released

each week, subscribe to the

Monday Morning Quarterback

www.arizonaeconomy.com

(Click on Subscribe to MMQ)

83

http://www.arizonaeconomy.com/

Documents

2016: More of the Same. But, with Much More Drama.€¦ · Greater Phoenix (73% total non-farm Employment in the state) Elliott D. Pollack & Company Employment Growth From Bottom