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⚝ TafseerofAyah5⚝ TafseerofAyah6⚝ TheageofAisha(R.A)atthetimeofNikaah⚝ TafseerofAyah8⚝ TafseerofAyah9

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Commentary

“And do not give the weak-minded your property”

Inthisverseithasbeentermedas أموالكم“yourwealth”i.e.theguardianswealthwhereasitistheorphan’swealth.

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Commentary

“which Allah has made a means of sustenance for you”الىت referstothewealth– اموالقياماcouldbereferenceto thosethingsthatapersonusesasameansof makingaliving– التعيشما به

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Commentary

“which Allah has made a means of sustenance for you”

قياما isfrom يقومقام “tostand”.

Oneisabletostand(beactive)thatismakealivingwithhiswealth,withoutwealthapersonishelplesswillsitthatishewillnotbeabletodoanything.

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Commentary

“But provide for them with it”

Thereisasubtleindicationintheword– isonethat,فيهاallowedtoinvesttheorphanswealthandtheprofits/returnsthathegets,heshouldfeedandspendonhimfromthat.

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Commentary

“Speak kind [consoling] words to them.”

[iftheincompetentسفيه - ]asksforhiswealth,thentellhiminpoliteandkindwordsandexplaintohimthesituationthathefindshimselfin,thatrightnowthereisnoneedofbecomingMRGENEROUS,butwhatisneededrightnowistoseetohisneedsandthisyou[i.e.theguardian]willseetoo.

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Whyistheسفيه (incompetent)notgivenhis/herwealth?

⚝ Theincompetentisnotgivenhis/herwealthbecausehewilloverspendbyindulgingin تبذير or.إسراف

⚝ Eitherofthetwoorcombined.

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Whatisthedifferencebetweenإسراف and تبذير?

⚝ إسراف - isoverspendingorbeingextravagantinpermissibleavenuesofspending.

⚝ تبذير - Iswhenyouspendinavenuesofsin حمله غري يف .

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Question: ⚝ Now,whenthewealthisnotgiventothisincompetent

youth/child,isthereanyagewhenhewillberegardedasentitledtoit.

Answer:⚝ Accordingto,ImamAbuHanifah [ra] hiswealthwillbe

giventohimattheageof25becauseattheageof25hehasnowreachedtheageofpossiblybeingagrandfather.

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Orphans.

⚝ Allahhasplaceduponyouaresponsibilityofsupervisionovertheorphan’swealth.

⚝ Theamountofprecautionwhichyoutakewhenitcomestoyourwealth,thesameisrequiredwhenitcomestotheorphan’swealth.

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Point of Benefit.

“And don’t give fools your money.”

⚝ Meaningdonotgiveyoungpeopleyourmoney[orphansmoney],ifyouaremadeinchargeofitthendonotgivethemyourmoney.

⚝ Yougivethemtheirallowancethattheycanliveincomfortably.

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Commentary

“Test the orphans until they reach the age of nikaah.”

⚝ Asynonymof ابتلوا isاختربوا,whichmeans,“totest”

⚝ Thisisaverse,whichthe منكرين حديث (thosethatdenythehadithasbeingasoundorasourceofestablishinglawsofDeen Shariah proofofdeen)saythatanindividualcanonlymarryoncetheyhavebecomeلغ�.

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Thishasdrawnmuchdiscussionamongstclassicalscholarsandcontemporaryobjectionaists.However,oneneedstoconsiderthefollowingpoints:

⚝ Itwasadivineinspiration.

⚝ Itwasnotoutofhisphysicaldesires.

⚝ AgeofMarriageinOldAges.

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⚝ ChildBridesinByzantineEmpire:

⚝ ThePagansoftheProphet'stime.

⚝ EngagementwithJubair binMutim.

⚝ Sayyidah Aishawasfitformarriage.

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⚝ SayyidaAishanevershowedherdispleasure.

⚝ Itwasabsolutelylegal.

⚝ Herparentsneverobjected.

⚝ Muslimsneverconcealedit.

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⚝ RefutingunjustPaganviews.

⚝ GreatWisdombehindthismarriage.

⚝ WhatwasSayyidah Aishafamousfor?

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SomecontemporaryscholarshavealsomadesomeresearchwiththeregardstotheexactageofAisha(RA).⚝ TheyclaimthatAisha(R.A)wasanintellectuallyand

physicallymatureBikr (Virgin).⚝ The Aishawhereinhadiththeaboutsay منكرين حديث

(R.A)’snikaah tookplaceattheageofnine.Theyarguethatthenarratorleftouttheword . عشرة

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Commentary (continued)

“Test the orphans until they reach the age of nikaah.”

⚝ The age of nikah they say is بلوغ therefore the منكرين say it is not permissible to get married before حديث

reaching the age of puberty.

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Commentary (continued)

This ayah can be understood in two ways:Firstly:⚝ the age when one can be اجلماع عمر here means النكاح

intimate. Nikaah is in the meaning of intimacy, therefore, the argument of the حديث منكرين is baseless.

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Commentary (continued)

Secondly:

⚝ Nikaahhereactuallyreferstothepleasureofnikah.

⚝ However,this iscontrarytothecommandmentsandthetemperamentofsharia.

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Commentary (continued)

“Then if you perceive in them sound judgement, release their property to them.”

⚝ آنس – toseesomethingorthebestthatyoucantellandseeuprightnessinthemfromtheoutside.

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Commentary (continued)Therearetwowaysonewilltesttheorphan:⚝ Aftertheorphanbecomes لغ�,the وىل (personresponsiblefor

hiswealth)willgivehimsomeofhiswealthtotesthimwhetherheknowshowtospenditcorrectlyornot.

⚝ Beforereachingtheageofpubertythechildshouldbegivensmallamountsofmoneyandbetestedtherebysothatat بلوغhis/herwealthcanbehandedover.

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Commentary (continued)

“And do not consume it excessively and quickly, [anticipating] that they will grow up. As in, do not spend too much on yourself and use the excuse that you are spending for your managing expenses.”

⚝ Themeaninggivenhereisthatyourealizethattheonewhoisunderyourcarewillreachtheageofmaturitysoyouspendasmuchyoucanquickly.Allahsaysdonotdothat.

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Commentary (continued)Thedifferencebetween إسرافand .تبذير Muftiradha ul haqq sahibgivesexamplesforthesetwowords إسرافاand بداراinthefollowingmanner:

⚝ إسرافا theوىل (personwhoisentrustedwiththeaffairsoftheorphan]buysaverycheapcarforhimselfandbuysaveryexpensivecarfortheorphansothathemaysitwithhiminthecarandtakebenefitfromhiswealth.

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Commentary (continued)Thedifferencebetween إسرافand .تبذير

⚝ تبذير spending يف غري حمله channellingoneswealthinsuchcoursesthatareimpermissible.

⚝ Soifsomebodyisspendingondrugsthen1centwillberegardedas تبذير becauseitis )يف غري حمله )

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Commentary (continued)

“So the one who was wealthy to begin with he should do his best to keep himself out of trouble.”

فليستعفف - Meansstayawayfromtheharam,protectyourselffromtheharamasmuchaspossible.

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Commentary (continued)Question:

Apoorperson[guardian]canpartakefromthewealthwithreason?meanthisdoesWhat.�ملعروفAnswer:

Hazrat Umar(R.A)usetosay إن افتقرت اكلت ifyouarepoor[i.e.theguardian]thenpartakeotherwisenot.

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Commentary (continued)

“And whoever is bankrupt to begin with than he should only consume in a decent fashion.” ⚝ ItisbeautifulthatAllahsaidbil ma’ruf anddidnotspecifya

specificdirhamorrand.Instead,Allahsaidbil mar’uf becausefromtimetotimeandagetoagethesethingswillchange.

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Commentary (continued)

“And when you do give the money to them than make sure you get testimony against them and Allah is enough as an auditor (or to keep account)”

⚝ Allahsaystohaveawitnessovertheorphanssothattheydonotbuildacaseandsaythatthefullfundswerenevergiven.

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Commentary (continued)

“Allah is sufficient to take account.”

⚝ MuftiRadha ul Haq sahibsaysthat حسیبا has3meaningsoverhere:

1. حسیبا inthemeaningof حاسبا (onethattakesaccount)2. حسیبا inthemeaningofحافظا3. حسیبا - inthemeaningofرقیبا

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Commentary

“For men especially there will be a portion for what both parents left behind and what the closest relatives left behind.”

⚝ للرجال – Allahreferredtoamalechildalsoas رجال denotingthatamalechildwillgetafullshareofaman.

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Commentary

“And for women [mature or immature] is a share of what [their] parents and relatives leave behind; whether [what they leave behind] is a little or a lot.”

⚝ للنساء – heretooanimmaturegirlisalsoreferredtoas نساءasshegetsafullshareofawomen

⚝ ThiswasarevolutionwhenAllahsaidthatforwomenthereisaportionofinheritance.

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Commentary

“Whether [what they leave behind] is a little or a lot.”

⚝ Bythiswegettoknowthatevenifitisalittlewealththatthedeceasedleftbehindthenitshouldbedistributed.

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Commentary

“A fixed share.”

⚝ نصيبا – agoodportion.⚝ Naseebissomethingyoufindwithamarkingonit.Itisset

foryou.

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Commentary

“A fixed share.”

مفروضا is from the word فرض فرض . literally has 6 meanings of which two are applicable in this verse. 1. مقدرا in the meaning ofمفروضا2. مفروضا in the meaning of مقطوعا

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Commentary⚝ Hazrat MuftiRadha ul Haqq sahibsaysthatAllahdedicateda

separateparagraphandaseparatesentenceforwomen.

⚝ Thesetwosentencescouldhavebeensaidtogetheras[forwomenisashareofwhattheirparentsandrelativesleftbehind]butAllahmentionedthewomencompletelyseparatetoshowherportion/sharesimportance.

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CommentaryThisayahcanbeexplainedinthreeways:1] فمنسوخ واجب – itwasonceuponatimewajib togivetheorphans,needyetc fromtheestatebutnowthiscommandis منسوخ [abrogated]bytheayahofmirath [inheritance].2] مندوب – itismustahab [preferable]untiltodaytogivesomewealthtothoserelatives,orphansandtheneedythatpresentthemselvesatthetimeofdistribution[providedthisisdonewhentheinheritorsare �لغ anditisdonewiththeirconsent].3]Theviewofsomescholars.

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CommentarySoitistoldtosuchpeopleinthisversethat:⚝ Donotoppressanorphanheirjustbecauseheisanorphan

⚝ DonotusurptheInheritablerightsofa needya) مسكنيperson)justbecausehe/shecannotfightforhisrights

⚝ Donotcheatarelative[whendecidingshares]whostaysfarandbecomespresentatthetimeofdistribution.

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Commentary

⚝ InthisverseAllahisadvisingtheguardiansinauniquemanner

⚝ Manyproblemsofsocietyisaddressedbythissimpleformula,whichisloveforotherswhatyouloveforyourself

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Commentary

“Thus they should fear Allah and speak justly”

⚝ SadeedcomesfromthewordSadd:Sadd meanswall(barrier)likeinsurahKahf.

⚝ Referstospeechwhichhasnocracksinit.Speechthathasnoflaw,itspecific,itissweettothepointitisstraightforwardanditpreventsfromconfusion.

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Commentary

“Thus they should fear Allah and speak justly”

Thisversehastwopossiblemeanings:1(قوال سديدا ) للميت(وليقولوا

Thefirstexplanationofthispartoftheayahwouldbethatwhenthepersonisonhisdeathbedthenadvisehimthatheshouldmake وصیتforlessthanonethirdofhiswealth.

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Commentary

“Thus they should fear Allah and speak justly”

Asecondexplanationis:

وليقولوا لليتامى قوال سديداSpeaktotheorphaninajustmanner.

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CommentaryQuestionWhenoneeats,thefooddoesgoinhis/herstomach/belly,whatisthespecialreasonofmentioning كلون

بطو�م يف �

AnswerThereisoneofthreereasonsthistypeofphrasewasused:1] مبالغة – toshowexaggeration2] �كيد – foremphasis3]Toimplythatwhattheyareeatingwillresultinfirebeingintheirbeliefsinthehereafter.

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Commentary

“Verily soon, they will enter the blazing fire.”

⚝ Saeera isafirewithalotofflameinit.

⚝ Theimageryissupposedtobehorrifying,thatthereisfireinsidethemandfireoutsidethem.