2013 Annual Survey of Journalism Mass Communication ... · The methods used in the Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments have remained unchanged since 1988

2013

Annual Survey of Journalism

&

Mass Communication Enrollments

Lee B. Becker • Tudor Vlad • Holly Anne Simpson

James M. Cox Jr. Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research

Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication

University of Georgia

Athens, GA 30602

Tel. 706 542-5023

www.grady.uga.edu/annualsurveys/

2013 Project Sponsors:

Association of Schools of Journalism & Mass Communication

Association for Education in Journalism & Mass Communication

Hearst Corporation

National Association of Broadcasters

Newspaper Association of America

Scripps Howard Foundation

Grady College of Journalism & Mass Communication, University of Georgia

August 6, 2014

Executive Summary

! Overall enrollments in journalism and mass communication programs declined in the autumn of

2013, marking the third year of lowered enrollments from the previous year.

! At the undergraduate level, enrollment dropped 1.0% from 2012, while enrollment in master’s

degree programs was down 1.2% and enrollment at the doctoral level was down 7.1%.

! The drop in enrollments is not unprecedented. The highest rates of enrollments in journalism and

mass communication programs were in 2010.

! Undergraduate enrollments decreased sharply at the freshmen and sophomore levels but were up

more modestly at the junior and the senior levels.

! The number of journalism and mass communication programs that were active in 2013 was 480,

down from 485 a year earlier.

! Even among the same schools that reported enrollment data in 2012 and 2013, enrollments were

down across all three levels of degrees.

! The number of master’s level programs went up from 217 in 2012 to 224, while the number of

doctoral programs in 2013 was 51, one up from a year earlier.

! The number of journalism and mass communication bachelor’s degrees granted in 2013 was

nearly the same as a year earlier, while the number of master’s degree increased by just less than

a percentage point and the number of doctoral degrees granted was up significantly.

! Nationally, university enrollments have slightly declined in 2011, the last year for which national

data are available, but these enrollments are expected to increase slightly in the years to come.

! The percentages of students enrolled in the journalism specialization decreased in the autumn of

2013 compared with a year earlier. The percentage of students in public relations and advertising

remained largely unchanged.

! Women dominate the field of journalism and mass communication, being almost two-thirds of the

students enrolled in bachelor’s degree and master’s degree programs in the autumn of 2013. At

the doctoral level, the number is the highest ever at 60.3%.

! The percentage of undergraduate students classified as members of racial or ethnic minorities

was down just slightly from a year earlier, when that percentage was higher than at any point in

the history of the field. The percentage of students classified as members of racial and ethnic

minorities at the master’s level increased in 2013, while the percentage of doctoral students

classified this way was down dramatically.

! The financial situation at journalism and mass communication programs improved somewhat in

2013, continuing the trend that started in 2010. One quarter of the programs reported an increase

in their operating budget and more than half reported no changes in their budgets.

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! More than eight out of 10 administrators reported no hiring freeze at their universities.

! None of the program administrators said there was any discussion of elimination of their

programs.

! Journalism and mass communication programs continued to engage in a number of strategies to

update their curricula to reflect changes in the media landscape. More than nine in 10

administrators reported their programs taught skills such as: writing for the web, using the web in

reporting, and using social media.

Methodology

The methods used in the Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments have

remained unchanged since 1988. Schools included in this survey are listed in either the Journalism &

Mass Communication Directory, published by the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass

Communication, or The Journalist’s Road to Success: A Career Guide, available online from the Dow

Jones News Fund, Inc. All degree-granting senior colleges and universities with courses organized under

the labels of journalism and mass communication are invited to be listed in the AEJMC Directory. To be

included in the Guide, the college or university must offer at least 10 courses in news-editorial journalism,

and those courses must include core courses, such as an introduction to the mass media and media law

and ethics, as well as basic skills courses, such as reporting and editing. Since 1992, the two journalism

programs listed in the AEJMC Directory in Puerto Rico have been included in the population.

A combination of these two directories produced 484 listings in 2013. In October 2013, a

questionnaire was mailed to the administrator of each of these programs. A second mailing of this

questionnaire was sent to the non-responding schools in December. A third mailing was sent to the non-

responding schools in January of 2014. In February, the administrators were sent a fourth mailing. The

239 administrators of the programs who had not responded by the beginning of April were contacted by

telephone and asked to answer as many of the questions over the telephone as possible. Four of the 484

schools reported, as a result of the contacts, that their programs were no longer active and were

eliminated from the population.

With each mailing, administrators were given the option of returning a printed form via the regular

mail, returning a downloadable form by mail or as an attachment to an email message, or completing the

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form online. When contacted by phone, administrators also were given the option of using a downloadable

form or completing the survey online. In the end, 155 (32.3%) of the administrators used the online option,

compared with 119 (24.5%) a year earlier.

The questionnaire asked the administrators to provide information on total enrollments in autumn

of 2013, enrollment by year in school, enrollment by sequence of study, enrollment by gender, and

enrollment by racial or ethnic group. In addition, administrators were asked to indicate the number and

type of degrees granted in the 2012-2013 academic year, degrees granted by sequence of study, degrees

granted by gender, and degrees granted by racial group. The questionnaire also asked about skills taught

in the curricula, faculty size, and faculty hiring.

Data were obtained for all of the 480 active programs in the population. This is five programs

fewer than in 2012 and down from the high of 491 programs in 2011. Of the 480 returns, 344 were for

programs listed in both directories, 95 were only in the AEJMC listing, and 41 were only in the Dow Jones

Guide.

As in the past, there was great variability in the detail and precision of the information

administrators provided. Some administrators answered every question, while others answered only a few.

Data on degrees offered and on enrollments at the bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral level were obtained

from all of the 480 programs. Of all these programs, 475 offered bachelor’s degree programs, 225 offered

master’s degree programs, and 51 offered doctoral programs. Data on degrees granted at the

undergraduate level were obtained for 473 of the 480 undergraduate programs, or 99.6%. For master’s

programs, the number was 223 of 225, or 99.6%. At the doctoral level, data on degrees granted were

obtained for all 51 of the programs.

Data from the program administrators that were not obtained online were manually entered into a

data file. Any inconsistencies in the original documents that were noted were corrected, sometimes by

eliminating obviously erroneous information. All manual entry of data was then proofed against the original

form. Reports by program administrators that were not clearly in error were taken as accurate. These data

were then merged with the online data.

The AEJMC Directory lists membership of the Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass

Communication (ASJMC) and accreditation by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and

Mass Communication (ACEJMC). This information was included in the data file. The most complete data

were available for the 105 accredited programs.1 In general, less complete data were available for the 77

schools that are members of ASJMC but not accredited by ACEJMC. The 298 schools without

accreditation or ASJMC membership had the least complete data. In general, these latter schools are

smaller than the accredited or ASJMC-affiliated schools.

These two characteristics--accreditation and ASJMC membership -- serve as ways of

differentiating the 480 journalism and mass communication programs in the population. As was the case in

recent years, these two characteristics were used in 2013 to make projections based on the data reported.

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1. Indiana University’s School of Journalism and the journalism program at the Indianapolis Campus ofI.U. are treated as separate programs in this analysis, though they share accreditation.

2. Special thanks are given to the following University of Georgia students who worked on the 2013graduate survey: Meredith Dean, Kate Devlin, Grace Donnelly, Alex Kazragis, Trevor Lanier, TaylorRooney, Cesar Toledo, Sarah Turner and Meg Ward.

Data from the reporting accredited schools were used to estimate characteristics of the accredited schools

for which there was any missing information. Similarly, statistical means from the nonaccredited ASJMC

schools were used to estimate missing data for similar schools, and data from the nonaccredited schools

not affiliated with ASJMC were used to estimate missing data for those programs. The overall estimates,

then, were based on complete information and best approximations about data not reported.2

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1. Undergraduate enrollments

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Bachelor's 137971 145781 138932 141811 133122 128367 128798 129276 137858 141006 149188 150257 168254 171941 182218 190934 193705 195376 196042 199711 201477 200639 204577 203561 200439 198410

Number of schools 394 395 404 414 413 430 430 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480 483 481 491 485 480

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

200000

Autumn undergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments

Source: Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments

198,410

2. Enrollments by class

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Freshmen 29250 30759 27647 26660 26891 24817 29623 29339 29877 31302 31796 32969 36627 36026 37678 37710 39654 40924 41836 40051 38764 39271 39262 37997 38662 35536

Sophomores 29940 32801 30287 30206 26624 25710 26275 27276 29022 32348 32386 31628 35992 38482 39675 41151 41776 41293 43778 43134 42666 43365 43429 44871 44608 42306

Juniors 39046 40673 39179 40133 37274 35587 34518 33972 38270 37340 41148 41771 46420 47148 51005 53225 53953 53356 51728 55599 56021 55051 56109 55252 55575 56679

Seniors 39735 41548 41819 44812 42333 42253 38382 38689 40689 40016 43858 43889 49215 50285 53860 58848 58322 59803 58701 60928 63026 62952 65777 65442 61594 63889

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

55000

60000

65000

70000

Freshmen Sophomores Juniors Seniors

Autumn journalism and mass communication undergraduate enrollments by class

Thousands


3. Graduate enrollments

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Master's 8265 8592 8355 8857 9316 1014810449109341023610041 9874 8920 9300 9055 109371170311853123881208313323133111303414775133921304512892

Doctorate 826 923 771 1072 932 1005 1239 957 1162 1148 1267 1123 1416 1186 1345 1512 1545 1395 1516 1608 1581 1623 1725 1798 1887 1753


0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

Master's

Doctorate

12,892

1,753

Autumn graduate journalism and mass communication enrollments


4. Number of programs

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

0

50

100

150

200

250

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

M.A. Ph.D.

UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE

Growth in the number of undergraduate and graduate journalism and mass communication programs over the past 22 years


475

224

51

5. National undergraduate enrollments

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Counts Projected

Autumn undergraduate enrollments across fields

Thousands

Source: National Center for Education Statistics “Projections of Education Statistics to 2020”Table 27, available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/projections2021/tables/table_27.asp?referrer=listFor 2011, data are from the most recent issue of Digest of Education Statistics.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Counts Projected

6. National postbaccalaureate enrollmentsAutumn graduate enrollments across fields

Thousands

Source: National Center for Education Statistics “Projections of Education Statistics to 2021”Table 28, available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/projections2021/tables.aspFor 2011, data are from the most recent issue of Digest of Education Statistics.

87‐88 88‐89 89‐90 90‐91 91‐92 92‐93 93‐94 94‐95 95‐96 96‐97 97‐98 98‐99 99‐00 00‐01 01‐02 02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13

Bachelor's 3120730426333313357033840345533284730638321473137433375353113829438432420604583947923489834909249932505595085051553517845131551929


0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

45,000

50,000

55,000

60,000

7. Undergraduate degrees grantedUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted

51,929


87‐88 88‐89 89‐90 90‐91 91‐92 92‐93 93‐94 94‐95 95‐96 96‐97 97‐98 98‐99 99‐00 00‐01 01‐02 02‐03 03‐04 04‐05 05‐06 06‐07 07‐08 08‐09 09‐10 10‐11 11‐12 12‐13

Master's 2269 2554 2551 2665 2375 2838 3482 2745 3606 3649 3630 3002 3300 3237 3698 4079 4105 3570 4338 3782 4271 4482 5443 5176 5390 5465

Doctorate 89 100 106 141 121 150 197 110 142 125 200 181 217 165 181 222 211 178 206 158 226 250 246 302 276 311


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

Master's

Doctorate

8. Graduate degrees grantedGraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted

5,465

311


9. Bachelor’s degrees across fields

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

2,500,000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Count Projected

Undergraduate degrees granted nationally


0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Count Projected


10. Master’s degrees across fieldsMaster’s degrees granted nationally

0

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21

Counts doctoral degreesProjections doctoral degreesCounts doctoral degrees plus M.D., D.D.S., and law degreesProjections doctoral degrees plus M.D., D.D.S., and law degrees

11. Doctoral degrees across fields

Doctoral degrees granted nationally and doctoral degrees plus most degrees formerly classified as first‐professional

Source: National Center for Education Statistics “Projections of Education Statistics to 2020 & 2021”Table 35, available at http://nces.ed.gov/programs/projections/projections2021/tables/table_35.asp?referrer=listFor 2011, data are from the most recent issue of Digest of Education Statistics.

19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Journalism 27.7 26.8 28.9 29.6 32.9 33.1 34.0 33.4 28.1 26.2 28.9 27.7 24.7 27.0 30.4 27.9 26.3 28.7 27.5 31.9 29.2 28.3 25.3 27.5 29.3 26.6

Telecommunications 16.4 10.1 12.6 12.2 13.1 12.1 11.9 10.6 12.0 11.7 11.2 10.4 8.5 9.1 6.2 8.3 7.5 5.9 5.2 4.6 4.9 5.3 4.1 4.9 4.1 2.8

Advertising 17.2 15.3 15.4 14.0 14.7 13.0 11.1 10.8 10.6 8.7 9.4 9.6 9.1 9.4 9.0 9.9 10.1 8.8 9.6 9.6 9.1 7.5 7.0 6.7 7.8 7.4

Public Relations 15.6 13.2 14.5 12.4 13.7 13.8 12.6 12.7 12.9 12.1 13.2 13.8 12.4 15.3 18.1 15.5 14.1 12.2 13.9 15.1 14.7 14.4 12.5 10.9 16.4 16.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Journalism Telecommunications

Advertising Public Relations

12. Enrollments by specializationUndergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments by specialization


Percent

19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Journalism 25.3 26.1 29.0 28.3 28.8 30.7 32.5 31.9 28.1 25.9 30.4 28.3 23.7 28.5 26.1 24.7 24.4 28.6 27.4 33.7 29.2 29.2 28.2 24.7 27.2 27.3

Telecommunications 17.6 9.9 10.2 8.5 10.9 10.4 11.8 10.6 12.4 12.0 10.5 10.1 8.4 7.8 7.0 7.3 8.4 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.0 10.5 4.8 2.8

Advertising 18.8 21.1 19.5 17.9 17.6 18.1 16.2 14.1 13.8 10.8 12.1 12.8 11.8 13.2 14.1 12.1 13.5 11.7 12.7 13.8 12.5 16.4 10.5 8.2 10.5 9.0

Public Relations 15.0 14.3 15.1 14.0 16.1 18.1 14.7 13.1 13.8 14.6 15.8 16.3 13.7 17.7 17.7 15.4 17.8 14.6 16.9 18.3 16.5 10.6 16.0 13.2 16.2 16.6

0

10

20

30

40

50

60Journalism Telecommunications

Advertising Public Relations

13. Degrees by specializationUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by specialization


Percent

1988 1989 1990 1991 19921993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 20072008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 60.8 59.6 60.6 60.2 59.3 59.6 59.2 59.7 59.4 61.3 61.3 61.6 62.8 63.4 64.1 64.7 64.9 64.5 63.7 63.2 63.8 63.5 63.5 61.6 64.0 63.6

Male 39.2 40.4 39.4 39.8 40.7 40.4 40.8 40.3 40.6 38.7 38.7 38.4 37.2 36.6 35.9 35.3 35.1 35.5 36.3 36.8 36.2 36.5 36.5 38.4 36.0 36.4

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

14. Bachelor’s enrollments ‐ genderBachelor’s journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender


Percent

63.6

36.4

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 61.5 60.8 62.7 61.7 62.8 63.3 63.2 63.0 61.1 62.7 63.7 63.3 64.6 67.3 67.2 65.2 65.8 66.5 67.3 66.4 67.4 67.6 67.6 65.7 67.1 67.3

Male 38.5 39.2 37.3 38.3 37.2 36.7 36.8 37.0 38.9 37.3 36.3 36.7 35.4 32.7 32.8 34.8 34.2 33.5 32.7 33.6 32.6 32.4 32.4 34.3 32.9 32.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

15. Master’s enrollments ‐ gender

32.7

67.3

Master’s journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender


Percent

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 44.3 44.6 41.2 44.6 40.1 48.2 50.5 48.6 47.8 54.0 53.2 56.1 53.9 56.6 54.7 56.5 58.0 56.0 58.8 57.8 56.0 58.1 57.1 59.0 58.9 60.3

Male 55.7 55.4 58.8 55.4 59.9 51.8 49.5 51.4 52.2 46.0 46.8 43.9 46.1 43.4 45.3 43.5 42.0 44.0 41.2 42.4 44.0 41.9 42.9 41.0 41.1 39.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

Percent

60.3

39.7

16. Doctoral enrollments ‐ genderDoctoral journalism and mass communication enrollments by gender


1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 61.6 62.0 61.9 62.4 61.7 60.9 59.9 60.5 60.7 59.9 63.0 63.3 62.1 63.2 64.6 65.4 66.1 66.0 67.5 65.1 65.2 66.4 64.8 64.0 65.8 65.3

Male 38.4 38.0 38.1 37.6 38.3 39.1 40.1 39.5 39.3 40.1 37.0 36.7 37.9 36.8 35.4 34.6 33.9 34.0 32.5 34.9 34.8 33.6 35.2 36.0 34.2 34.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

65.3

34.7

17. Bachelor’s degrees granted ‐ genderUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender

Percent


1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 60.7 61.0 61.3 63.7 62.4 64.3 62.6 65.0 62.3 63.6 61.7 63.0 64.6 64.6 64.2 66.6 68.1 65.1 68.4 67.5 68.2 69.8 67.9 58.5 66.0 69.3

Male 39.3 39.0 38.7 36.3 37.6 35.7 37.4 35.0 37.7 36.4 38.3 37.0 35.4 35.4 35.8 33.4 31.9 34.9 31.6 32.5 31.8 30.2 32.1 41.5 34.0 30.7

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

18. Master’s degrees granted ‐ genderMaster’s journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender

Percent


69.3

30.7

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Female 37.8 38.5 44.0 49.0 43.7 44.7 50.5 38.1 45.8 39.8 52.9 49.4 53.6 48.7 50.3 55.2 54.8 59.1 57.5 57.7 57.8 55.4 62.4 55.3 51.9 58.7

Male 62.2 61.5 56.0 50.7 56.3 55.3 49.5 61.9 54.2 60.2 47.1 50.6 46.4 51.3 49.7 44.8 45.2 40.9 42.5 42.3 42.2 44.6 37.6 44.7 48.1 41.3

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Female

Male

58.7

41.3441.41.3.1

19. Doctoral degrees granted ‐ genderDoctoral journalism and mass communication degrees granted by gender

Percent


19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 7.9 10.0 10.6 9.4 11.0 13.5 12.6 11.1 12.2 13.5 10.5 12.6 10.0 12.2 13.7 13.4 12.1 9.9 13.6 11.9 13.4 15.4 14.5 14.2 15.0 13.4

Hispanic 3.3 3.8 4.3 4.2 5.1 5.5 8.1 6.2 6.0 8.5 8.3 8.4 10.2 6.7 6.4 5.9 6.4 10.5 6.8 7.0 7.3 7.0 10.4 10.6 11.0 11.8

Asian 1.6 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.2 2.6 2.7 3.1 3.4 2.7 2.9 2.4 3.3 3.0 3.2 3.8 3.6 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.0 4.0 3.0 2.8 3.0

Native American 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.9 1.0 0.9 2.0 0.5 0.8 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 1.0 0.6

International 0.8 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.1

More than 1 2.8 3.9 4.0

0

5

10

15

20Black Hispanic

Asian Native American

International

Percent


20. Bachelor’s enrollments – race/ethnicityUndergraduate journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification

19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 6.7 6.2 6.2 5.7 6.4 7.0 6.9 8.7 7.9 9.9 7.9 8.6 7.9 9.4 11.2 10.7 9.7 7.9 10.0 10.3 11.5 12.4 11.3 9.7 8.5 10.0

Hispanic 2.1 2.2 2.8 1.8 3.4 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.0 4.8 4.8 5.4 6.4 4.1 4.8 4.5 5.9 5.2 6.0 6.4 6.2 6.1 7.4 6.4 6.9 7.3

Asian 5.1 3.3 2.9 3.0 4.6 3.6 3.9 3.8 4.2 4.0 4.7 3.6 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.7 4.7 4.8 4.2 3.2 4.8 3.8 4.4 4.9 3.8 3.6

Native American 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.2 1.6 0.4 0.4 1.5 1.1 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.7 0.5 0.9 0.5 0.8 0.9 1.9 0.6 0.4 0.7 0.7

International 11.8 14.0 11.6 9.3 11.2 10.8 12.9 13.3 12.1 15.2 15.5 14.1 14.1 12.7 12.7 9.8 12.2 11.0 11.3 10.0 10.0 11.7 12.2 12.2 15.3

More than 1 0.9 1.5 1.6

0

5

10

15

20Black Hispanic


International

21. Master’s enrollments – race/ethnicityMaster’s journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification

Percent


19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 9.7 9.2 7.7 10.4 5.9 8.0 5.6 9.6 10.7 10.5 5.8 6.0 5.9 9.8 9.9 9.9 9.1 9.1 5.9 7.4 8.0 7.2 4.9 4.0 10.6 4.6

Hispanic 1.0 0.5 1.9 1.8 1.5 0.9 2.0 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.9 1.6 2.2 2.2 2.3 1.9 3.0 1.6 3.0 3.1 4.1 3.1 3.2 5.6 4.1 4.0

Asian 6.3 2.9 1.9 2.8 3.5 3.4 5.4 2.2 4.1 3.9 5.9 7.0 3.5 4.9 7.5 6.3 7.1 6.1 9.6 9.0 9.0 7.5 6.6 6.6 6.9 4.6

Native American 0.3 0.0 4.4 1.3 0.2 0.3 1.2 0.3 0.9 0.7 1.8 0.8 1.5 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.5 1.0 0.7 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.2 0.0

International 19.8 21.3 17.5 14.0 19.6 12.3 33.7 16.8 15.6 22.2 22.9 24.1 26.5 30.6 29.8 30.2 26.8 24.2 24.2 25.6 24.4 24.5 24.8 28.6 34.4

More than 1 1.6 2.5 0.8

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Black HispanicAsian Native AmericanInternational

Percent


22. Doctoral enrollments – race/ethnicityDoctoral journalism and mass communication enrollments by racial or ethnic classification

19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 7.2 7.5 7.8 7.4 7.4 10.1 8.9 10.1 8.9 10.7 10.3 10.4 9.6 11.1 10.2 10.5 9.7 10.4 10.1 9.4 10.7 12.6 9.9 12.2 11.0 10.6

Hispanic 3.4 2.4 3.1 3.5 6.0 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 6.4 5.8 6.6 7.6 5.0 5.4 4.6 5.5 4.8 5.6 6.4 6.2 6.0 7.4 8.6 7.0 9.3

Asian 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.7 3.3 2.8 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.5 2.5 3.1 3.8 3.5 3.6 4.0 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.4

Native American 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.8 0.4 0.9 0.5 0.7 1.3 0.7 0.4 1.3 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.4 1.6 0.6 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.6

International 0.8 1.0 0.9 1.1 1.4 1.7 1.9 2.5 2.3 1.9 2.1 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.7 1.5 2.1 1.7 1.2 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.4 1.7 2.1

More than 1 1.1 1.4 1.4

0

5

10

15

20

Black HispanicAsian Native AmericanInternational

23. Bachelor’s degrees – race/ethnicityUndergraduate journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification

Percent


19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 8.0 5.5 6.5 4.0 5.3 6.1 6.4 7.2 6.8 6.1 7.4 7.7 5.0 8.5 8.2 7.5 8.2 8.5 9.5 8.1 9.3 9.5 10.2 7.4 7.6 9.7

Hispanic 3.1 1.9 2.3 1.0 2.4 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.8 3.5 3.4 5.2 5.1 5.2 6.2 7.5 6.1 6.2 6.6 6.1 7.1

Asian 7.9 2.3 3.5 2.8 3.0 4.2 5.2 4.2 3.4 3.1 3.8 5.3 4.7 5.6 6.3 4.9 4.2 4.6 4.6 3.8 2.7 4.9 4.4 6.3 5.3 4.4

Native American 0.3 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 1.0 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.5 0.4 0.1 0.4 0.4 1.2 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.1

International 13.4 12.5 13.9 9.7 13.3 13.0 16.4 16.5 15.1 13.3 16.1 17.4 15.9 13.4 16.3 15.5 13.5 11.1 12.1 10.2 13.4 9.6 15.3 19.9 13.5

More than 1 0.7 1.1 1.5

0

5

10

15

20

Black Hispanic Asian Native American International

24. Master’s degrees – race/ethnicityMaster’s journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification

Percent


19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Black 16.2 12.6 10.3 17.4 1.4 7.3 6.4 15.3 6.7 2.3 7.5 10.7 9.5 10.3 10.5 12.4 13.1 8.2 7.9 11.0 5.3 4.7 4.8 3.0 11.3 7.5

Hispanic 0.0 0.0 0.9 1.1 0.0 2.7 0.7 1.1 0.8 3.5 4.0 2.0 3.2 2.1 3.9 1.8 0.0 1.9 4.9 1.7 4.8 2.1 3.5 1.1 0.8 5.0

Asian 5.4 0.0 6.8 5.4 1.4 1.8 6.4 4.2 3.4 13.0 4.0 3.3 4.1 3.5 7.9 10.0 2.5 7.0 10.3 9.3 6.8 14.2 9.6 11.5 9.0 8.0

Native American 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.3 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.6 0.6 0.0 1.2 0.8 1.5 1.0 0.6 0.4 1.5 0.5

International 18.4 18.8 16.3 16.4 18.2 11.4 25.8 19.9 7.2 8.9 20.2 16.6 23.4 30.0 26.7 31.7 31.0 29.7 24.8 27.3 23.5 21.0 20.4 21.1 24.5

More than 1 0.7 0.0 1.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35Black Hispanic


International

25. Doctoral degrees – race/ethnicityDoctoral journalism and mass communication degrees granted by racial or ethnic classification

Percent


19881989199019911992199319941995199619971998199920002001200220032004200520062007200820092010201120122013

Reports on gender 66.3 65.7 56.9 66.5 59.0 70.1 70.6 61.8 36.8 54.9 54.7 50.8 49.9 53.5 51.0 49.8 48.0 46.1 47.9 39.2 46.5 52.7 46.3 37.1 38.8 48.0

Reports on race 51.9 54.0 46.9 58.6 51.5 56.7 58.8 48.8 45.5 43.5 43.3 38.4 42.5 44.5 38.9 38.0 41.2 34.4 38.3 31.6 35.8 39.9 37.3 31.0 30.9 40.6

Reports on sequences 61.6 58.8 57.6 65.4 67.0 63.1 49.6 59.9 54.9 54.9 66.1 53.0 52.1 73.1 79.3 78.8 73.4 51.2 49.4 40.5 52.2 52.1 73.1 65.7 66.0 57.0

0

20

40

60

80

100

Reports on gender Reports on race Reports on sequences

26. Reports on student characteristicsPercentage of units reporting on race/ethnicity, gender, and sequence specialization of undergraduate students


1989 1992 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Full‐Time 4,126 4,346 4,457 4,639 4,998 4,845 5,038 4,969 5,410 5,252 5,685 5,891 5,994 5,995 6,350 6,550 6,804 6,725 7,149 7,032 7,446 6,892

Mean FT/School 10.5 10.5 10.3 10.9 11.1 10.8 11.2 10.9 11.7 11.5 12.3 12.7 13.0 13.1 13.5 13.9 14.2 13.9 14.9 14.3 15.4 14.4

Part‐Time 3,028 2,889 3,404 3,018 3,468 3,343 3,771 3,663 4,316 4,502 4,618 4,469 4,700 4,736 5,360 5,341 4,979 4,820 5,162 5,690 5,645 4,773

Mean PT/School 7.7 7.0 7.9 7.1 7.7 7.4 8.4 8.0 9.3 9.8 10.0 9.7 10.2 10.3 11.4 11.3 10.4 10.0 10.7 11.6 11.6 9.9

N 393 413 431 427 449 450 451 456 462 458 463 463 459 458 472 474 480 483 481 491 485 480

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

Full‐Time

Part‐Time

27. Faculty SizeFaculty size of journalism and mass communication units


447 468 475

556611

558 574541

585

654604

719

535 526 538 558

666

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Projection to Population

N=450

N=451

N=456

N=462

N=458

N=463

N=463

N=459

N=458

N=472

N=474

N=480

N=483

N=481

N=491

N=485

28. Hiring of full‐time facultyJournalism and mass communication faculty hiring in full‐time positions; For 1997‐1998 through 2013‐2014


N=480

25.9 27.3 27.929.5

31.8 31.033.8 32.9 34.4

74.1 72.7 72.170.5

68.2 69.066.2 67.1 65.6

0

20

40

60

80

100

2005 Estimates 2006 Estimates 2007 Estimates 2008 Estimates 2009 Estimates 2010 Estimates 2011 Estimates 2012 Estimates 2013 Estimates

56 years old and older

55 years old and younger

N=4434 N=4434 N=4723 N=4800 N=4590 N=4936 N=4651N=4995

N=1561 N=1719 N=1827 N=2004 N=2135 N=2213 N=2381 N=2451

N F‐T Faculty = 5,995N Retired 04‐05 = 149


29. Age of full‐time journalism and mass communication faculty

Percent



N F‐T Faculty = 6,804N Retired 07‐08= 149




N F‐T Faculty = 7446N Retired 11‐12= 194

N=2373

N=4519


Research Universities VH14.4%

Research Universities H14.0%

Doctoral Research Univ.9.2%

Master's & Univ. Larger34.3%

Master's & Univ. Medium9.8%

Master's & Univ. Smaller4.0%

Baccalaureate Colleges Arts&Sciences

6.7%

Baccalaureate Colleges Diverse

7.7%

2013

30. Carnegie classification (2010) of journalism and mass communication programs


57.6

32.9

8.6

0.4 0.2 0.2

56.9

32.5

9.4

0.4 0.6 0.2

56.3

33.3

9.1

0.8 0.2 0.2

55.1

33.9

10.0

0.6 0.2 0.2

54.4

34.8

9.6

0.6 0.4 0.2

54.8

34.2

9.7

0.6 0.4 0.2

52.9

35.8

9.8

0.6 0.4 0.4

0

20

40

60

80

100

Bachelor only Bachelor and master Bachelor, master anddoctorate

Master only Bachelor and doctorate Master and doctorate

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

31. Programs classified by journalism degrees granted

Percent


25.623.1

39.1

31.2

23.720.7

18.5

49.9 50.2

44.6

5456.5

53.256.0

24.526.7

16.3 14.8

19.8

26.1 25.5

0

20

40

60

80

100

2003 N=355 2008 N=255 2009 N=307 2010 N=237 2011 N=278 2012 N=222 2013 N=216

Decrease in operating budget

No change

Increase in operating budget

32. Changes in operating budget

Percent

Mean +.05% SD 19.1 Mean ‐.23% SD 10.8 Mean ‐1.9% SD 11.5 Mean +.9% SD 14.3 Mean ‐.6% SD 9.2 Mean .48% SD 9.2


28.5

4.4 4.1

62.4

29.1

4.17.3

60.2

24.2

1.84.4

69.6

12.2

2.7 3.1

82.0

11.2

3.6 3.1

82.1

11.5

1.8 3.1

83.6

0.0

20.0

40.0

60.0

80.0

100.0

Faculty+Staff Faculty only Staff only No freeze

2008 N=295

2009 N=344

2010 N=273

2011 N=256

2012 N=224

2013 N=216

33. Hiring freeze at universityIs there a hiring freeze at your university?

Percent Yes


14.1

11.7

5.4

9.3

7.2

5.1

11.9 11.7

14.1

7.1

12.2

5.2

15.7

8.9

2.7

0.0

9.6 9.811.0 11.0

13.114.6

7.5

9.9

11.9

9.6 9.4 9.5

11.8

10.7

8.2

9.1

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0

10

20

30

40

50

1996 2003 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Accredited

Not accredited but ASJMC

Not accredited not ASJMC

Total

34. Merger of programsAdministrators who reported serious discussion about combining their program with another

Percent


Dual axis chart

5.3

1.00.0

1.0 1.22.6

1.30.00.0

1.22.0

5.3

7.8

2.2

0.0 0.0

3.21.9 1.4 1.7

2.9 2.3 2.8

0.0

3.0

1.5

1.0

2.1

3.3

2.4

1.8

0.0 0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

0

10

20

30

40

50

1996 2003 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Accredited

Not accredited but ASJMC

Not accredited not ASJMC

Total

35. Elimination of programsAdministrators who reported serious discussion about eliminating their program

Percent


Dual axis chart

82.9

89.8

77

85.5

80.3

82.9

86.2

29.3

79.2

92.4

77.2

87.2

77.2

83.2

88

22.8

89.5

96.1

89.2

95.7

88.2

90.0

92.7

49.4

79.8

89.4

80.7

86.7

78.9

84.9

89.0

22.5

79.3

92.3

78.8

90.1

78.8

83.3

89.2

23.9

0 20 40 60 80 100

Web layout and design

Writing for the web

Editing for the web

Using the web in reporting

Using graphics on the web

Using audio on the web

Using video on the web

Using animating on the web

2013‐2014

2012‐2013

2011‐2012

2010‐2011

2009‐2010

36. Skills taught in curricula ITypes of skills now being taught in journalism and mass communication curricula

Percent


21.1

23

31.9

24.0

25.0

35.2

76.3

25.7

22.4

22.8

33.6

30.8

30.8

28.4

80.0

30.0

47.2

48.8

59.8

60.0

56.6

54.2

90.7

55.1

34.9

31.7

42.2

41.5

46.1

32.7

78.3

41.5

39.6

29.3

46.4

44.6

44.1

35.1

81.1

47.7

0 20 40 60 80 100

Entrepreneurial "start‐up" skills

Management skills for online or web publishing

Optimizing web sites for search engines

Driving traffic to web sites

Assessing web analytics

Using citizen/audience produced content

Creating and using blogs

Creating content for mobile devices

2013‐2014

2012‐2013

2011‐2012

2010‐2011

2009‐2010

37. Skills taught in curricula IITypes of skills now being taught in journalism and mass communication curricula

Percent


78

39.8

24.7

72.4

86.2

64.8

70.1

82.4

42.8

24.4

71.6

84.8

60.0

71.6

94.3

62.4

50.3

88.5

92.4

78.4

84.2

86.6

48.4

29.0

76.0

84.9

66.1

78.0

90.5

49.1

32.4

72.5

86.0

62.2

78.4

0 20 40 60 80 100

Using social media

Creating advertising for the web

Selling advertising for the web

Using the web in public relations

Using still photos on the web

Using slide shows on the web

Digital storytelling

2013‐2014

2012‐2013

2011‐2012

2010‐2011

2009‐2010

38. Skills taught in curricula IIITypes of skills now being taught in journalism and mass communication curricula

Percent


39. Autumn undergraduate and graduate enrollments (dual Y axis)

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Bachelor's 137971145781138932141811133122128367128798129276137858141006149188150257168254171941182218190934193705195376196042199711201477200639204577203561200439198410

Master's 8265 8592 8355 8857 9316 10148 10449 10934 10236 10041 9874 8920 9300 9055 10937 11703 11853 12388 12083 13323 13311 13034 14775 13392 13045 12892

Doctorate 826 923 771 1072 932 1005 1239 957 1162 1148 1267 1123 1416 1186 1345 1512 1545 1395 1516 1608 1581 1623 1725 1798 1887 1753

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

20000

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

Bachelor's

Master's

Doctorate

40. Enrollments 2011 and 2012, same schools (N=484)

13,186 13,045

1,798 1,887

202,667 200,419

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

200,000

240,000

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

24,000

2011 2012

Master's ‐1.1%

Doctoral 4.9%

Bachelor's ‐1.1

Dual axis chart

41. Enrollments 2012 and 2013, same schools (N=479)

13,013 12,892

1,832 1,753

199,311 198,385

0

40,000

80,000

120,000

160,000

200,000

240,000

0

4,000

8,000

12,000

16,000

20,000

24,000

2012 2013

Master's ‐0.9%

Doctoral ‐4.3%

Bachelor's ‐0.5

Dual axis chart

42. Undergraduate enrollments 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, same schools (N=471)

197,515 203,341 200,300 198,421 197,161

1,000

51,000

101,000

151,000

201,000

251,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Bachelor's

43. Graduate enrollments 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013, same schools (N=471)

12,747

14,618

13,121 13,003 12,868

1,491 1,695 1,732 1,808 1,728

1,000

3,000

5,000

7,000

9,000

11,000

13,000

15,000

17,000

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

Master's

Doctoral

44. Enrollments 2011 and 2012, same schools, by sequence

6,333

2,411

17,750

9,331

30

4,377

1,919

10,580

3,454

2,451

10,317

6,333

6,202

2,485

16,397

8,772

16

4,532

1,969

10,236

3,116

2,426

9,113

6,202

0 4,000 8,000 12,000 16,000 20,000

Production/Media production (N=10)

Radio/television general (telecom.) (N=15)

Journalism summed (N=100)

Journalism undifferentiated (N=52)

Digital journalism (N=1)

Broadcast news‐broadcast journalism (N=40)

News editorial‐print journalism (N=36)

PR, Adv. & strategic (N=98)

Strategic communication (N=8)

PR & Adv. combined (N=18)

Public relations (N=48)

Advertising (N=39)

2011

2012

45. Enrollments 2012 and 2013, same schools, by sequence

1,138

1,991

20,150

9,995

487

4,180

1,774

25,440

3,678

2,867

11,735

6,828

1,658

2,035

21,267

11,715

414

3,990

2,103

25,297

3,732

2,710

11,930

6,802

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000

Production/Media production (N=14)

Radio/television general (telecom.) (N=14)

Journalism summed (N=122)

Journalism undifferentiated (N=70)

Digital journalism (N=4)

Broadcast news‐broadcast journalism (N=41)

News editorial‐print journalism (N=36)

PR, Adv. & strategic (N=39)

Strategic communication (N=12)

PR & Adv. combined (N=19)

Public relations (N=60)

Advertising (N=41)

2012

2013

46. Bachelor’s degrees granted: 2000‐2013

2000‐2001

2001‐2002

2002‐2003

2003‐2004

2004‐2005

2005‐2006

2006‐2007

2007‐2008

2008‐2009

2009‐2010

2010‐2011

2011‐2012

2012‐2013

Annual Survey 38,432 42,060 45,839 47,923 48,983 49,092 49,932 50,559 50,850 51,553 51,784 51,860 51,929

IPEDS 59,833 66,442 72,634 76,082 78,463 80,347 82,010 84,698 86,747 89,833 92,018 92,603

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

Annual Survey

IPEDS

IPEDS and Annual Survey Estimates


Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education

47. Master’s degrees granted: 2000‐2013

2000‐2001

2001‐2002

2002‐2003

2003‐2004

2004‐2005

2005‐2006

2006‐2007

2007‐2008

2008‐2009

2009‐2010

2010‐2011

2011‐2012

2012‐2013

Annual Survey 3,237 3,698 4,079 4,105 3,570 4,388 3,782 4,271 4,482 5,443 5,176 5,416 5,465

IPEDS 5,734 6,069 6,510 6,921 7,219 7,778 7,302 7,599 7,612 8,140 8,898 9,579

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

10,000

Annual Survey

IPEDS




48. Doctoral degrees granted: 2000‐2013

2000‐2001

2001‐2002

2002‐2003

2003‐2004

2004‐2005

2005‐2006

2006‐2007

2007‐2008

2008‐2009

2009‐2010

2010‐2011

2011‐2012

2012‐2013

Annual Survey 165 181 222 211 178 206 158 226 250 246 302 276 311

IPEDS 371 383 399 435 468 464 480 496 535 576 578 568

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Annual Survey

IPEDS




Documents

2013 Annual Survey of Journalism Mass Communication ... · The methods used in the Annual Survey of Journalism & Mass Communication Enrollments have remained unchanged since 1988