2010..._september 2010. 1 the automobile industry pocket guide The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society. Our industry contributes

european automobile

manufacturers association

2010

2

key figures

p u b l i s h e d b y

ACEA Communications department [email protected]

This paper is made in an environmentally-friendly way and according to FSC certification_ s e p t e m b e r 2 0 1 0

1

the automobile industry pocket guide

The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society. Our industry contributes enormously to the health and wealth of the EU and its near 500 million inhabitants - it is vital that the automotive sector retains its competitiveness and innovative edge. The European vehicle manufacturers are technology leaders, driving innovation towards cleaner, safer, sustainable transport. As major corporate citizens, they are fully part of society and, therefore, dialogue and mutual understanding with all our stakeholders is essential. This booklet, the 2010 edition of the ACEA Automobile Industry Pocket Guide, provides comprehensive and insightful facts and figures - with key data on employment, production, vehicle registration, vehicle use, taxation and trade, as well as information on a range of environment and mobility-related issues. It also presents the vehicle manufacturers’ trade association in Brussels, ACEA.

I trust our pocket guide will be of great value to all those involved in automotive industry issues and relevant policies.

Ivan HodacSecretary General ACEA

Foreword

european automobile


About ACEA ACEA

ACEA


5

ACEA is the acronym for “Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles” or European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association. The industry association , based in Brussels, is one of many interest groups that contribute to an informed decision-making process in the EU.

ACEA has sixteen members : BMW Group, DAF Trucks, Daimler, FIAT Group, Ford of Europe, General Motors Europe, Jaguar Land Rover, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault Group, Scania, Toyota Motor Europe, Volkswagen Group, Volvo Car Corporation and Volvo Group.

ACEA was established in 1991. The Board of Directors (BOD) is composed of the Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) of its 16 members, whereas the Commercial Vehicle Board of Directors (CV-BOD) is composed of the heads of the 7 commercial vehicle company members/branches: DAF Trucks, Daimler Trucks, IVECO, MAN Nutzfahrzeuge, Scania, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles and Volvo Trucks. ACEA, furthermore, maintains close relationships with the 29 national automobile manufacturers’ associations in Europe.

ACEA is the first source of information with regard to vehicle-related regulation . The regulatory framework consists of around 80 EU Directives and more than 70 applicable UNECE regulatory agreements covering mostly technological issues and standards.

ACEA is the main portal to clear and factual information about the European automobile industry , encouraging understanding of the sector’s importance, complexity and contributions to society.

ACEA in brief

6

acea

The members of ACEA deploy numerous corporate social responsibility initiatives to the benefit of their employees and society-at-large. The industry’s products , furthermore, meet the highest environmental and safety standards. This is the result of a long-standing tradition of innovation and investments in research and development.

It takes 100 of today’s cars to match the average pollutant emissions of 1 car built in the 1970s;

Noise levels of vehicles have been reduced by 90% over the same period;

Reducing fuel consumption has long been a matter of top-priority;

On the safety front, the introduction of seatbelts, anti-lock braking systems, electronic stability control and airbags has cut fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle passengers by 80%. The development of further safety systems is an on-going process.

Acting as a responsible corporate citizen is not only desirable in itself; it also helps to build a relationship based on trust and loyalty between companies and their customers.

Corporate citizenship

ACEA


7

ACEA represents an industry that is instrumental to EU growth and that plays an important part in everybody’s life, through employment and social benefits, education and innovation, and through product and mobility concepts.

More than 12 million families depend on the sector for employment; ACEA members operate 208 manufacturing sites in 25 European countries; The industry’s high-quality products set the standard around the world and continuously push further innovation;

ACEA members yearly invest over €26 billion in R&D, or 5% of turnover; Net auto exports are worth almost €30 billion; ACEA members have an annual turnover of over €500 billion.

The sector’s technologies and innovations shoulder development and progress in many other sectors, from IT to logistics, health care and others.

Vehicle manufacturers find it indispensable to maintain a dialogue with society, in particular on those issues that influence the sector’s future growth, competitiveness, innovation capacity and investment decisions.

What interests does ACEA represent ?

8

acea

ACEA is led by the Secretary General and employs around fifteen experts covering policy issues and technical requirements in the fields of environment, fuels, emissions, road safety, recycling, trade, taxation, transport, type-approval and internal market. Through specialist working groups and an extensive network within the vehicle industry, ACEA has access to a wealth of expertise and applied technical experience.

ACEA activities include, but are not limited to: Dialogue with the European Institutions and others stakeholders concerned by the automobile industry;

Cooperation with policy makers and related industries to advance mutual understanding of industry-related issues and contribute to realistic and effective legislation, bearing in mind the interests of European society and its economy;

Research and study of relevant developments and trends in automotive-related issues and policy fields;

Strategic reflection on the increasingly global challenges of competition and corporate responsibility, drawing on the strengths and expertise of its members;

Communication of the role and importance of the industry, of its common views and of reliable data and information;

Monitoring of activities that influence the automobile industry, responding to and cooperating with the actors involved.

How does ACEA work ?

ACEA


9

The European automotive industry has seven priority topics it discusses with the EU Institutions and other stakeholders :

Strengthening the competitiveness of the EU economy and the European automobile manufacturing in particular, through a comprehensive industrial policy that recognises and promotes manufacturing as a corner stone of future growth and prosperity;

Adoption of integrated policies in the fields of road safety and environment, involving all relevant actors and factors;

Better market access for European automotive products through balanced multilateral as well as bilateral/regional free trade agreements;

Continuous development of efficient road infrastructure and other basic infrastructure networks (energy, transport, telecommunications);

A real completion of the Internal Market, which cannot be achieved without fiscal harmonisation of motor vehicle and fuel taxes. Car taxation schemes should be based on CO2 emissions to increase demand for fuel-efficiency;

Reducing over-regulation and conflicting objectives of legislation, promoting adequate and independent impact assessment studies, reasonable lead-time periods for implementation and global harmonisation of technical regulations and standards for motor vehicles;

Better promotion of R&D efforts and innovation policy instruments.

The industry’s seven priority fields

10

acea

ACEA has permanent and close cooperation with the European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) which was established in 1994 as the research arm of the industry. EUCAR’s purpose is to strengthen the competitiveness of the European automotive industry by promoting cooperative research of products, processes and systems in the pre-competitive stage.

ACEA maintains regular relations with a number of organisations with interests related to the automobile industry. These include the European Association of Automotive Suppliers (CLEPA), Intelligent Transport Systems - Europe (ERTICO), the European Committee for Motor Trades and Repairs (CECRA), the European Road Safety Federation (ERSF), the Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA), the European Petroleum Association (EUROPIA), the Confederation of European Business (BUSINESSEUROPE) and others.

ACEA also maintains a dialogue on international issues with automobile associations around the world, such as JAMA, KAMA, Auto Alliance, AAPC, OICA, CAAM, SIAM and many others.

ACEA cooperation & partnerships

ACEA


11

Secretary GeneralIvan Hodac

Director Emissions & FuelsPaul Greening

Director Environmental PolicyPeter Kunze

Director Legal & TaxationMarc Greven

Director Mobility & Sustainable Transport Petr Dolejsi

Director Parliamentary Affairs

Céline Domecq

Director Regulatory ProjectsStefan Larsson

Director Regulatory Affairs Wolfgang Reinhardt

Director SafetyRenzo Cicilloni

Manager Statistics & EconomicsQuynh-Nhu Huynh

Director Technical AffairsDolf Lamerigts

Director Trade & EconomicsErik Bergelin

Director Transport PolicyFuensanta Martinez-Sans

Director Communications & Public RelationsSigrid de Vries

Manager Communications & Public AffairsMichael Klinkenberg

Director Information TechnologyMarc Vanderstraeten

Director Finance & AdministrationTanguy De Decker

Acea Tokyo OfficeAnthony Millington +81 3 350 563 [email protected]

Acea Beijing Office Dominik Declercq +86 10 6463 [email protected]

ACEA Secretariat

12

acea

BMW GROUPPetuelring 130D – 80788 MünchenT. +49 89 3820www.bmwgroup.com

Dr. Ing. h.c.F. PORSCHE AGPorschestrasse 42D – 70435 StüttgartT. +49 711 911 0www.porsche.com

DAF TRUCKS NVHugo van der Goeslaan 1 PoBox 90065NL – 5600 PT EindhovenT. + 31 40 214 9111www.daftrucks.com

DAIMLER AGD – 70546 StuttgartT. +49 711 170www.daimler.com

FIAT SpACorso G. Agnelli 200I – 10135 TorinoT. +39 011 003 11 11www.fiatgroup.com

FORD OF EUROPE GmbHHenry Fordstrasse 1D – 50725 KölnT. +49 221 900www.ford.com

ACEA Members

ACEA


13

GENERAL MOTORS EUROPE AGBahnhofsplatz Friedrich-Lutzmann-Ring 1 D – 65423 Rüsselsheim T. +49 6142 77 0 www.gmeurope.com

JAGUAR LAND ROVERBanbury RoadGaydonUK – Warwick CV35 ORRT. +44 19 2664 1111www.jaguarlandrover.com

MAN NUTZFAHRZEUGE AGPostfach 50 06 20D – 80995 MünchenT. +49 891 580 01www.man-mn.com

PSA PEUGEOT CITROËNAvenue de la Grande Armée 75F – 75116 Paris CedexT. +33 1 40 66 55 11www.psa-peugeot-citroen.com

RENAULT SAQuai Alphonse Le Gallo 13-15F – 92109 Boulogne-Billancourt T. +33 1 41 04 50 50www.renault.com

SCANIA ABS – 15187 SodertaljeT. +46 8 55 38 10 00www.scania.com

TOYOTA MOTOR EUROPEAvenue du Bourget 60B – 1140 BrusselsT. +32 2 745 20 11www.toyota.eu

VOLKSWAGEN AGBerliner Ring 2D – 38436 WolfsburgT. +49 536 190www.volkswagenag.com

VOLVO CAR CORPORATIONS – 405 31 GöteborgT. +46 31 – 59 00 00www.volvocars.com

AB VOLVOS – 405 08 GöteborgT. +46 31 66 51 70www.volvo.com

14

acea

BMW Group Representative Office BrusselsBoulevard de Waterloo 25B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 737 50 30

Daimler EU Corporate Representation Rue Froissart 133B –1040 BrusselsT. +32 2 233 11 45

Fiat Group Delegation to the EURue de Genève 175B –1140 BrusselsT. +32 2 513 63 92

Ford Motor Company EU AffairsRue Montoyer 40 bte 7B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 761 06 11

Brussels ACEA Member Representations

GM Europe Public Policy & Government RelationsRue d’Idalie 9-13B –1050 BrusselsT. +32 2 773 69 82

Jaguar Land Rover Brussels OfficeRue Breydel 34B –1040 BrusselsT. +32 2 235 86 32

ACEA


15

MAN Brussels OfficeRue Jacques de Lalaing 4B –1040 BrusselsT. +32 2 230 41 95

PSA Peugeot Citroën EU DelegationAvenue des Arts 53B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 545 11 79

Renault Delegation to the EUAvenue des Arts 40B –1040 BrusselsT. +32 2 274 10 00

Scania EU Representationc/o Kreab Gavin AndersonAvenue de Tervueren 2B –1040 BrusselsT. +32 2 737 69 02

Toyota Motor EuropeAvenue du Bourget 60B –1140 BrusselsT. +32 2 745 20 61

Volkswagen Group EU Representation Rue Archimède 25B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 645 49 53

Volvo Car CorporationBrussels Office EU AffairsSweden HouseRue du Luxembourg 3B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 503 69 67

Volvo Group EU RepresentationSweden HouseRue du Luxembourg 3B –1000 BrusselsT. +32 2 482 58 70

16

acea

_a u s t r i a

FFOEFachverband der Fahrzeugindustrie ÖsterreichsWiedner Hauptstrasse 63A – 1045 WienT. +43 5 90 900 48 00F. +43 5 90 900 289www.wk.or.at/fahrzeuge

_b e l g i u m

FEBIACFédération Belge des Industries de l’Automobile et du CycleBelgische Federatie van de Automobiel-en tweewielerindustrieBoulevard de la Woluwe 46 B6B – 1200 BruxellesT. +32 2 778 64 00F. +32 2 762 81 71www.febiac.be

_b u l g a r i a

ACMAssociation of Car Manufacturers and their authorised representatives for BulgariaVeliko Tarnovo Street 37BG – 1504 SofiaT. +359 2 946 12 50F. +359 2 94 33 944www.svab.bg

_c y p r u s

OEBEmployers & Industrialists FederationGrivast Dhigenis Avenue 30PoBox 21657 CY-NicosiaT. +357 22 66 51 02F. +357 22 66 94 59

_c z e c h r e p u b l i c

AIA CR (SAP)Automotive Industry Association CROpletalova 55CZ – 110 00 Praha 1T. +420 221 602 982F. +420 224 239 690www.autosap.cz

_d e n m a r k

DK BILDe Danske BilimportørerRadhuspladsen 16DK – 1550 Kobenhavn VT. +45 39 16 23 23F. +45 39 16 24 24www.bilimp.dk

ACEA Associated Organisations

ACEA


17

_e s t o n i a

AMTELUnion of Estonian Car Sales and Service EnterprisesPärnu Road 232EST – 11314 TallinnT. +372 672 23 06F. +372 650 21 97www.amtel.ee

_ f i n l a n d

AUTOTUOJAT ryAteneuminkuja 2 C 10 KrsFIN – 00100 HelsinkiT. +358 207 928 855F. +358 207 928 859www.autotuojat.fi

_ f r a n c e

CCFAComité des Constructeurs Français d’AutomobilesRue de Presbourg 2F – 75008 ParisT. +33 1 49 52 51 00F. +33 1 49 52 51 88www.ccfa.fr

_g e r m a n y

VDAVerband Der AutomobilindustrieBehrebstrasse 35D – 10177 BerlinT. +49 30 897 842-0F. +49 30 897 842-600www.vda.de

_g r e e c e

AMVIR (SEAA)Association of Motor Vehicle Importers-RepresentativesKifisias Avenue 294GR – 152 32 Halandri - AthensT. +30 210 689 1400F. +30 210 685 9 022www.seaa.gr

_h u n g a ry

AHAI (MGSZ)Association of the Hungarian Automotive IndustryMajor u. 69H – 1119 BudapestT. +36 1 382 9805F. +36 1 382 9810www.gepjarmuipar.hu

18

acea

_ i r e l a n d

SIMIThe Society of the Irish Motor IndustryUpper Pembroke Street 5IRL – Dublin 2T. +353 1 676 16 90F. +353 1 661 92 13www.simi.ie

_ i ta ly

ANFIAAssociazione Nazionale Filiera Industrie AutomobilisticheCorso Galileo Ferraris 61I – 10128 TorinoT. +39 011 554 65 11F. +39 011 545 986www.anfia.it

_l at v i a

LAADALatvian Authorized Automobile Dealers AssociationSmerla Street 3 Suite 273LV – 1006 RigaT. +371 6 752 99 79F. +371 6 754 03 15www.lpaa.lv

_l i t h u a n i a

LAALithuanian Autoenterpreneurs AssociationP. Zadeikos g. 1bLT – 06319 VilniusT. +370 5 230 12 24F. +370 5 230 12 25www.laa.lt

_m a lta

ACIMAssociation of Car Importers MaltaPoBox 50 Valletta Building Level 2MT – San GwannT. +356 21 38 57 74F. +356 21 22 33 06

_n o r way

BILBilimportØrenes LandsforeningØkernveien 99PoBox 71 ØkernN – 0508 OsloT. +47 22 64 64 55F. +47 22 64 85 95www.bilimportorenes-landsforening.no

ACEA


19

_p o l a n d

PZPMPolski Zwiazek Przemysłu MotoryzacyjnegoAl. Niepodleglosci 69PL – 02-626 WarsawT. +48 22 322 71 98/99F. +48 22 322 76 65www.pzpm.org.pl

_p o rt u g a l

ACAPAssociação do Comércio Automóvel de PortugalAvenida Torre de Belém 29P – 1400-342 LisboaT. +351 21 303 53 00F. +351 21 302 14 74www.acap.pt

_r o m a n i a

ACAROMAsociatiei Constructorilor de Automobile din RomaniaStr. Banu Mãrãcine - Bl. D5RO – 110194 PitestiT. +40 248 219 958F. +40 248 217 990www.acarom.ro

_s l o v e n i a

ADSAssociation of Automobile Manufacturers and Authorised Importersc/o Chamber of Commerce & Industry of SloveniaDimiceva 13SI – 1000 LjubljanaT. +386 1 58 98 217F. +386 1 58 98 219www.ads-slo.org

_s l o va k r e p u b l i c

ZAPSRAutomotive Industry Association SRTomasikova 26SK – 821 01 Bratislava T. +421 2 4364 2235F. +421 2 4364 2237www.zapsr.sk

_s pa i n

ANFACAsociación Española de Fabricantes de Automóviles y CamionesCalle Fray Bernardino Sahagún 24E – 28036 MadridT. +34 91 343 13 43F. +34 91 345 03 97www.anfac.com

20

acea

_t h e n e t h e r l a n d s

RAIDe Rijwiel en Automobiel Industrie VerenigingWielingenstraat 28PoBox 74800NL – 1070 DM AmsterdamT. +31 20 504 49 49F. +31 20 646 38 57www.raivereniging.nl

_t u r k e y

OSDAutomotive Manufacturers AssociationAtilla Sokak 10 AltunizadeTR – 34676 IstanbulT. +90 216 318 29 94F. +90 216 321 94 97www.osd.org.tr

_s w e d e n

BILPoBox 26173 S – 100 41 StockholmT. +46 8 700 41 00F. +46 8 791 23 11www.bilsweden.se

_s w i t z e r l a n d

Auto – Suisse | Auto – SchweizAssociation Importateurs Suisses d’AutomobilesVereinigung Schweizer Automobil-ImporteureMittelstrasse 32Postfach 5232 CH – 3001 BernT. +41 31 306 65 65F. +41 31 306 65 50www.auto-suisse.chwww.auto-schweiz.ch

_u n i t e d k i n g d o m

SMMTThe Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders Forbes HouseHalkin StreetUK – London SW1X 7DST. +44 207 235 70 00F. +44 207 235 71 12www.smmt.co.uk

ACEA


21

The European Council for Automotive R&D (EUCAR) is the research organisation for the major automotive manufacturers in Europe, with the mission to strengthen the competitiveness of the manufacturers through strategic collaborative R&D. Together with its members, EUCAR identifies the common R&D challenges of the industry. These are communicated to the European Commission and other key institutions and stakeholders. EUCAR’s members participate in collaborative research projects with manufacturers, suppliers and research providers. Projects are mainly financed through European Union funding programmes matched with industry funding.

EUCAR key research is in the following domains: Fuels and Powertrain Materials, Processes and Manufacturing Integrated Safety Mobility and Transport

EUCAR secretariat is composed of:Simon Godwin

[email protected]

Alessandro [email protected]

Research Coordinator

EUCAR members are:

BMW, DAF, Daimler, Fiat, Ford Europe, GM/Opel,

Jaguar Land Rover, Porsche, PSA Peugeot Citroën, Renault,

Scania, Volkswagen Group and Volvo

european automobile


Did you know ?

Did

you

Know

?

25

Did

you

Know

?


The automotive industry is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU. The ACEA members together spend over €26 billion every year on R&D, or about 5% of their turnover. These figures, resulting from a recent ACEA survey among its member companies, reflect the great importance that the automobile manufacturers attach to R&D efforts to keep up

their competitiveness and long-term viability. Main areas of automotive R&D investment are environment, road safety and production efficiency.

Overall automotive R&D investments are even higher. According to the EU Industrial Investment Scoreboard, the sectors ‘automobiles and parts’ and ‘commercial vehicles and trucks’ represented R&D investment of €32.8 billion in 2008. The actual number will be greater, as these categories do not include all automotive supplying sectors. The Scoreboard ranks the pharmaceutical sector second with €19.8 billion and the telecommunications equipment sector third with €12 billion.

The automobile industry is the largest private investor in R&D in the EU

DiD you know?

26

DiD you know?

EU 54.1%

Japan 22.4%

US 15.6%

Korea 0.6%

China 0.3%

Taiwan 0.6%

Other 6.4%

Patent Applications filed by the Auto Sector | 2008

The EU 2009 Industrial Investment Scoreboard confirmed once more the outstanding role of the automotive industry for the European economy in terms of innovative capacity and investment power. Six of the ACEA members are in the European Top 20 of investors, with two present in the Top 10, and one earmarked as largest single investor. The automotive industry has held its top position for years now.

6,300 patentsThe many patents filed by the industry underline the sectors innovative stance as well. In 2008, almost 6,300 patents were filed by the European automotive industry. They made up 55% of all automotive applications at the European Patent Office (EPO). 23% of automotive applications came from Japan, 16% from the US, 1% from China/Taiwan and 1% from South Korea.

Auto industry tops R&D scoreboard in Europe

DiD you know?

SOURCE: EPO (EUROPEAN PATENT OFFICE)

27

Did

you

Know

?


The automotive industry is one of the most regulated sectors in Europe. Up till now, around 80 EU directives have been drawn up and more than 70 applicable pieces of legislation have been internationalised further within the UNECE in Geneva.

Cars and commercial vehicles are very complex products and before they enter the market, they have to comply with what is known as the Framework Directive for Whole Vehicle Type Approval.

This framework directive contains procedures and a long list of separate directives laying down technical requirements for motor vehicles as well as for components and separate technical units from which vehicles are assembled.

In addition, there are directives that establish requirements for the use of motor vehicles, as well as regulations, which apply throughout the European Union on the basis of Community law.

Vehicle-related regulation is mostly very technical in nature and cannot be drafted without the specialist knowledge of vehicle manufacturers. ACEA collects the necessary information through working groups of member company experts and shares the information with the EU institutions and other stakeholders to support effective and efficient policy making. For commercial vehicles, in particular, ACEA seeks further global harmonisation standards and regulation.

The vehicle industry is one of the most densely regulated sectors in Europe

DiD you know?

28

DiD you know?

Environment Lighting & signaling Active safety Passive safety Other

Before entering the market, passenger cars have to comply with more than 45 EU Directives and Regulations

29

Did

you

Know

?


Cars are highly complex and innovative products. Their development - from design to production logistics - takes up to 5 years. Engine design can take even longer. Their product cycle, or the time that cars are kept in production, comprises up to 7 years.

Vehicle and engine adjustments are hugely complicated and capital-intensive operations. Manufacturers and their suppliers plan and allocate production capacity well ahead to accommodate production and renewal of their car portfolio. To be able to adjust automobiles to new legal requirements, the car industry needs sufficient lead-time ahead of implementation of these new rules.

During the development phase, changes to a prototype are limited to implementation of ready-available new technologies within the technical and economic constraints of the car’s concept. The possibilities for change become more limited in the execution phase. During the typical production life of a car, investments in capital and innovations need to be recovered. Modifications are only opportune in case of relatively minor requirements, such as software changes.

CONCEPT EXECUTION b

1 5 10

CONCEPT PHASE b PRODUCT CYCLE b

Production Timeline (years)

ADVANCED ENGINEERING INPUT b

It takes at least 5 years to develop a new car

DiD you know?

30

DiD you know?

The car is the preferred means of transport for Europeans

DiD you know?

There are more than 234 million vehicles on the European roads (EUROSTAT, 2008), or about 1 per 2 inhabitants. Nearly 6% of them are new vehicles (up to 1 year), and about 34% are at least 10 years old (ANFAC, 2008).

The average annual distance travelled by a car in Europe is about 22,000 km.

Small 40.5%

* EU27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

New Cars sold in Europe* | 2009

Lower Medium 23.5%

Upper Medium 11.9%

MPVs 9.7%

SUVs 8.2%

Luxury 3.3%

Others 2.9%

SOUR

CE: I

HS G

LOBA

L IN

SIGH

T

31

Did

you

Know

?


The European automotive industry is contributing significantly to reducing CO2 emissions from vehicles. A large number of advanced technologies have been introduced into the markets and many more are to come. The European car manufacturers and the automotive suppliers work closely together to achieve further important results.

Reducing CO2 emissions from automobiles is a complex challenge and involves improvements of the whole vehicle, not just the engine. The European automotive industry has identified multiple categories

for eco-innovative technologies that will ensure further progress: systems & components, running resistance, well-to-wheel efficiency, smart navigation and driver information. All categories contain numerous technology applications, from adaptive cruise-control and super efficient LED lights to robotised gearboxes and the storage and re-use of heat. These innovations confirm the automotive industry’s determination to achieve further reductions in new car CO2 emissions, no matter which engine they use.

In addition, driving style, the choice of fuel or energy and the quality of the infrastructure are as decisive to achieve the best possible fuel-economy and lowest CO2 emissions of road transport.

DiD you know?

Reducing CO2 emissions involves more than engine technology

32

DiD you know?

Fuel-efficient driving, or «Eco-driving», can significantly reduce fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. Slight changes in driving style enable drivers to exploit fully the fuel-efficiency potential of modern technologies. Eco-driving is easy to apply.

The Golden Rules for eco-driving are :

Shift into a higher gear early

Maintain a steady speed at highest possible gear

Look ahead and anticipate traffic flow

Switch off the engine at short stops

Check and adjust the tyre pressure regularly

Make use of in-car fuel saving devices such as on-board computers and dynamic navigators

Avoid surplus weight and unused roof racks

Highly cost-effective : Eco-driving training leads to a reduction in fuel consumption of up to 25 % after training, with a significant long-term effects of 7% under everyday driving conditions.

Drivers can make a big difference

DiD you know?

33

Did

you

Know

?


Modern trucks are a benchmark for fuel efficiency

DiD you know?

In freight transport, there is and has long been a clear business case to minimize fuel consumption. For most transport companies, fuel is the main operating cost and the intense competition on the commercial vehicle market has driven technological process in commercial vehicle manufacturing to great heights. A 40-tonne truck built today burns around a third less fuel than one made in the 1970s. Per tonne transported, this corresponds to a fuel consumption of just 1 litre of diesel per 100 tonnekm, with significant

CO2 savings as a result. Today’s buses are also leading the way with average fuel consumption per bus-passenger that can challenge the performance of a trip per train.

Further improvements in fuel efficiency remain a prime priority for European manufacturers. Modern diesel engines are clean, fuel efficient and durable. Vehicles on alternative fuels or with innovative drive trains are now also a familiar sight on Europe’s roads. A combination of better infrastructure, increased driver training, wider use of telematics, improved transport efficiency and harmonisation of standards will help achieve further sustainable mobility.

Depreciation 10%

Road Tax 2%

Vehicle Insurance 6%

Interest 2%

Overhead 18%

Tyres 1%

Fuel 30%

Repair & Maintenance 5%

Wages 26%

Total Operating Costs (TOC)

40-tonne Tractor – Semitrailer Combination

SOUR

CE: I

VECO

european automobile


Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t

What our industry delivers What else is key

37


Cars, Trucks and the Environment

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t

What our industry delivers What else is key

38

Cars, TruCks and The environmenT

The automobile manufacturers invest heavily to help moving towards cleaner, “greener” transport. Lower emission cars, vans, buses and trucks come onto the market every year. But technology alone does not have all the answers. Cooperation does.

We need to share efforts to achieve our sustainable mobility goalsWe need to join forces to answer the many complex questionsWhat about the emissions from congestion and inefficient infrastructure?How to move drivers and customers towards the cleanest vehicles?How to manage transport growth in the slipstream of economic growth?

All over the world, the automobile brings improved quality of life;Together, we can sustain the benefits of mobility and reduce the environmental impact;The European vehicle manufacturers are playing their part.

The industry drives innovation towards “greener” transport

What else is key ?

What our industry delivers

39

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


Improvements and new developments in conventional engine technologies remain important as they will continue to be the dominant propulsion source for years to come.

Plug-in hybrid electric and battery electric vehicles will become available in more varieties, and their range will be extended.

Cars running on alternative, low emission fuels like ethanol or gas are already available on the market; second-generation biofuels are on the way.

Eco-innovative technologies like smart navigation, adaptive cruise control, highly energy-efficient LED lights, and storage and re-use of heat will further improve fuel efficiency and lower CO2 emissions.

Less CO2 emissions

European automakers have introduced dozens of CO

2-efficient technologies

into their vehicles over the past decades, and progress will continue.

40


cars, Trucks anD The environmenT

CO2 emissions are reduced by limiting the burning of fossil fuels. Vehicle technology is one of several important ways to contribute to this goal.

All automobile manufacturers have made CO2 reductions a top priority and are sustaining huge investments in this field.

A large number of technologies has already been introduced, and more are still to come.

Technologies need time to find their market. EU governments can help by providing harmonized fiscal support.

It is essential to work together: vehicle manufacturers, oil industry, policy makers, and road users must all join forces to achieve the desired results.

Overview of Global CO2 Emissions

Reducing CO2 : a key priority

Deforestation 22%

Power/heating stations 27%

Household small consumers 9%

Transport (Road, Rail, Air & Water) 17%

Industry 25%

SOUR

CE: I

PCC

FOUR

TH A

SSES

SMEN

T RE

PORT

, WG

III, 2

007.


41

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


80% 80%

60% 60%

40% 40%

20% 20%

Euro 0 Euro 0Euro 1 Euro IEuro 2 Euro IIEuro 3 Euro IIIEuro 4 Euro IVEuro 5 Euro VEuro 6 Euro VI

Petrol NOx

Diesel NOx

Diesel PM

Emis

sion

s (%

Eur

o 0)

Cleaner exhaust

Passenger Cars Trucks

Cars 1 car in the 1970s produced as many pollutant elements as 100 cars today.

Particulate matter filters can reduce particulate emissions from diesel vehicles by over 99%.

Trucks Compared to 1992 standards, Euro VI emission levels will reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) emissions by 95% and 97% respectively. Particulate matter emissions from all trucks on the road are 40% lower than a decade ago – even though they drive 40% more kilometres today. AdBlue technology reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions even further, while cleaner diesel reduces sulphur emissions.

42



Noise from passenger cars has been reduced by 90% since 1970.

Today 24 trucks are needed to make as much noise as 1 did in 1970.

Since the mid-1990s, the dominant source of vehicle noise are tyres and outdated road paving.

Less noise Optimal recyclingVehicles are recycled since the 1950s.Today 95% of a car can be recycled or recovered for use in other products or energy production.Any vehicle produced from 1 July 2002 onwards is taken back free of charge.The 8 million vehicles recycled annually in the EU account for only about 1% of waste in the EU.The target for 2015 is to reduce waste from an end-of-life vehicle to just 5%.


43

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


7.50

7.00

6.50

6.00

5.50

5.00

4.50

4.00

-22.9%

Water Used

95.00

90.00

85.00

80.00

75.00

70.00

65.00

60.00

2005 2006 2007Million m3 m3

Water total (million m3/year) | Water per unit produced (m3)

Long-term strategies to reduce water consumption have made it possible to reduce the water use per car produced by almost 23%. This includes the increasing use of re-circulation technologies, which allows the reuse of water.

Resource-efficient production

SOURCE: ACEA

44



Absolute VOC Emissions

703.5

4.5

603.0

4.0

502.5

402.0

301.5

201.0

100.5

00

20052005 20072007 thousand tonskg/unit

VOC Emissions per Vehicle Produced

SOURCE: ACEA SOURCE: ACEA

European auto manufacturers have significantly reduced the environmental impact of vehicle production in recent years.

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) are organic solvents mainly emitted from paintshops. The graph shows the VOC emissions per car produced and the emissions of all passenger car manufacturers taken together. With new technologies such as water-based paints that replace solvent-based paints, manufacturers have been able to reduce emissions by 14.3% per vehicle.


45

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


0.88

0.87

0.86

0.85

0.84

0.83

0.82

0.81

0.80

-5.0%

CO2 Emissions

Million tons tons

12.00

13.00

11.00

10.00

9.00

8.00

7.00

6.00

5.00

2005 2006 2007

CO2 Emissions Total Million (t/year) | CO2 Emissions per unit produced (t)

As cars are equipped with more and more features to make them safer and more environmentally-friendly, the complexity of production increases as well, with negative effects on energy demand. However, manufacturers constantly work on improving energy efficiency. As a result, energy consumption per vehicle produced has decreased by 6.5%.

note The figures include direct and indirect energy consumption, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.

CO2 emissions per vehicle produced decreased by 5%, mostly through efficiency increases, and somewhat helped by a warm winter in 2007. Differences in the trends on energy consumption (previous graph) and CO2 emissions have to do with changes in the energy mix available at the different production sites.

note As for energy, the figures include direct and indirect emissions, i.e. from on-site and external energy suppliers.SOURCE: ACEA

Energy Consumption

2.80

2.70

2.60

2.50

2.40

2.30

2.20

-6.5%

44.00

42.00

40.00

38.00

36.00

34.00

32.00

30.00

2005 2006 2007Million MWH MWH

Energy Total (Million MWH/year) | Energy per unit produced (MWH)

SOURCE: ACEA

46



0.17

0.16

0.15

0.14

0.13

0.12

0.11

0.10

-0.8%

-4.8%

Million tons tons

1.9

2.1

1.7

1.5

1.3

1.1

0.9

0.7

0.5

2005 2006 2007

Waste total (t/year) | Waste per unit produced (t)

Waste (excluding scrap metal)

SOURCE: ACEA

The amount of waste per vehicle went down 4.8%, thanks to efforts by the manufacturers to reduce waste.

note Scrap metal, which is recycled and then used as a secondary raw material, is not included.


47

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


Biofuels can significantly contribute to overall CO2 emission reductions. The vehicle technology is known and cost-efficient.

FlexFuel vehicles can run on 85% ethanol and 15% conventional petrol.

The auto industry has made a commitment that as of 2010 all new models will be compatible with E10/B7.

Gas in the form of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) can contribute to reducing emissions today.

Plug-in hybrid vehicles will become available in more varieties and European manufacturers are advancing extended-range and battery electric car technology as well.

Future hydrogen-powered cars will emit mainly water vapour.

Alternative fuels and energies

A wide variety of alternative fuels exists in the EU. They should be used to reduce emissions and decrease our dependency on fossil fuels.

What else is key

48

cars, Trucks anD The environmenTcars, Trucks anD The environmenT

To be successful, alternative fuel and energy technologies need to be affordable, easy to use and widely available.

For biofuels, the future lies with so-called second generation biofuels, and their introduction should be encouraged:

– they are likely to be better compatible with existing vehicles; – they are produced from different raw materials such as agricultural waste material or wood.

The vehicle technology is known but the availability of these fuels and their infrastructure is still lacking.

To fully benefit from the advantages of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, electricity will have to become increasingly drawn from renewable sources. The electricity infrastructure will have to be adapted and extended. A positive policy framework, including fiscal incentives, is needed to stimulate the uptake of the electric vehicles.Filling stations for gas and hydrogen should be more widely spread.

Building an infrastructure

What else is key

49

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


The choices that consumers make will be essential to meet fuel efficiency standards and CO2 emissions objectives.

When purchasing a car, consumers weigh many criteria: from safety and design to reliability and fuel consumption.

Building awareness about sustainable mobility will be key; as is the broad encouragement to accept and use new technologies.

CO2-related vehicle taxation can help create consumer demand for fuel-efficient technologies and alternative fuels.

Consumer awareness and market incentives

What else is key

50


Substituting 50% of current traffic lights with dynamic systems for a better traffic flow can save 2.4 million tonnes of CO2 per year.Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage can reduce CO2 emissions significantly.

Intelligent transport management

What else is key

51

Cars

, Tru

cks a

nd th

e En

viro

nmen

t


AlternativeFuels

Over 50 CO2-cutting technologies have been introduced, and the flow of innovative eco-technologies will continue.

DriverBehaviour

Alternative fuels and renewable energies can significantly contribute

to overall CO2 emission reductions.

Better cooperation of transport modes and removing barriers to cross-border haulage

can reduce CO2 emissions significantly.

Eco-driving can improve fuel economy

by up to 20%.

Infrastructure& Logistics

CO2-relatedTaxation

VehicleTechnology

Vehicle technology alone will not be enough to make mobility sustainable – a partnership of industries, governments and customers is required.

CO2-related taxation creates consumer demand for fuel-efficient vehicles and alternative fuels.

The policy framework

european automobile


Key figures

Key f

igur

es

55

Key f

igur

es


InnovationAutomobiles are highly complex

and innovative products.

The ACEA members invest annually

over € 26 billion in R&D,

or 5% of their turnover.

Total automotive R&D investments,

including those from suppliers,

are even higher. The auto industry

is the largest private investor

in R&D in Europe.

The European automobile industry...

JobsThe automotive industry

is a formidable employer in Europe.

At least 12 million families

depend on automotive employment

with 2.3 million direct jobs

and another 10.4 million

in directly related manufacturing

and other sectors.

GrowthEurope is the world’s largest vehicle

producer with an output of

over 15 million passenger cars,

vans, trucks and buses per year,

or 25% of worldwide

vehicle production.

56

key figures

Sustainable Mobility

Cars, trucks and buses are

the source of everyday mobility and

transportation, fuelling economic

activity, social life and cultural

exchange. European manufacturers

are leading in environmental and

safety technologies and are a

driving force behind the sustainable

mobility concepts of the future.

Made in EuropeThe 16 major car, truck

and bus manufacturers in Europe

operate 183 vehicle assembly

and engine production plants

in 19 Member States, often

sustaining the economic fabric of

complete regions and cities.

Global ScopeThe automotive industry

is a leading EU export sector

with a net trade contribution

of almost € 30 billion.

Leading in high-quality products,

the industry sells

and produces vehicles

in all major world markets.

... the “engine of Europe”

57

Key f

igur

es


PRODUCTION Total Motor Vehicles (Worldwide) 2009 61.7 Mn units Total Motor Vehicles (EU27) 2009 15.2 Mn units = 25% of worldwide MV production Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2009 47.5 Mn units Total Passenger Cars (EU27) 2009 13.9 Mn units = 29% of worldwide PC production Production value 2007 756 Bn EUR NEW REGISTRATIONS Total MV (Worldwide) 2009 60.5 Mn units Total MV (EU27) 2009 15.8 Mn units = 26% of worldwide MV registrations/sales Total Passenger Cars (Worldwide) 2009 50.1 Mn units Total Passenger Cars (EU27) 2009 14.1 Mn units = 28% of worldwide PC registrations/sales Diesel (Western Europe) 2009 46% Share EMPLOYMENT Automotive manufacturing (EU27) 2007 3.5 Mn people = 10% of EU manufacturing industry Total automotive employment (manufacturing & services) 2007 12.6 Mn people = 6% of EU employed population TURNOVER ACEA members 2008 536 Bn EUR R&D INVESTMENT ACEA members 2008 26 Bn EUR =5% of turnover VALUE ADDED EU27 2007 155.4 Bn EUR = 9% of manufacturing sector EXPORTS Extra-EU27 2009 53.8 Bn EUR IMPORTS Extra-EU27 2009 25.2 Bn EUR TRADE BALANCE 2009 28.6 Bn EUR MV IN USE (PARC) Total Motor Vehicles 2008 268.9 Mn units (EU27) Passenger Cars 2008 234.1 Mn units Motorization rate (cars) 2008 470 per 1,000 inhab. TAX REVENUE FROM MOTOR VEHICLES 2009 427.4 Bn EUR = 4% of EU15 GDP

SOURCE: ACEA, VDA, AAA, GLOBAL INSIGHT, EUROSTAT

Key figures

european automobile


Employment Empl

oym

ent

Trad

eTa

xatio

n

key figures

61

Empl

oym

ent

2.3 Mn Jobs

1.2 Mn Jobs

4.2 Mn Jobs

4.9 Mn Jobs

12.6 Mn Jobs

AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY (PRODUCTION OPERATIONS)

› Automobile manufacturing (NACE dm341)› Bodywork, trailers, caravans (NACE dm342)› Equipment and accessories (NACE dm343)

CLOSELY RELATED MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES

› Manufacture, retreading and rebuilding of rubber tyres and tubes (NACE dh2512)› Manufacture of bearings, gears, gearing and driving elements (NACE dk2914)› Manufacture of cooling and ventilation equipment (NACE dk2923)› Manufacture of computers and other information processing equipment (NACE dl3002)› Manufacture of electric motors, generators and transformers (NACE dl311)› Manufacture of electrical equipment for engines and vehicles (not elsewhere reported) (NACE dl3161)

AUTOMOBILE USE

› Sale and distribution of motor vehicles (NACE g501)› Maintenance and repair of motor vehicles (NACE g502)› Sale of motor vehicle parts and accessories (NACE g503)› Retail sale of automotive fuel (NACE g505)

TRANSPORT

› Road transport (passengers and freight) (NACE i602)

Automobile Sector: Direct and Indirect* Employment | 2007

Over 12 million families depend on the automobile industry in Europe

* Indirect employment data does not report employment in raw material sector (e.g. steel, aluminium, glass, etc.), textile, driving schools, licensing activities, vehicle testing, vehicle insurance and financing, etc.

BASE

D ON

EuR

oStA

t dA

tA -

2007

62

Eu automotive employment = 12.6 Mn

Automotive non-manufacturing = 9.1 Mn Automotive manufacturing = 3.5 Mn

BASED ON EuRoStAt dAtA, 2007; ILo dAtA 2007

Automotive Employment put into Perspective

employment

BASE

D ON

EuR

oStA

t dA

tA –

200

7

Manufacturing employment related to the automotive sector 3.5 Mn people = 10.2% of total employment in Eu manufacturing

total automotive employment (manufacturing & sevices) 12.6 Mn people = 5.6% of Eu employed population

Eu27 total population 493.5 Mn people

Eu27 total employment 224.1 Mn people

Eu27 employed population in manufacturing sector 34.5 Mn people = 15.4% of total employed population

Eu employment non-automotive, non-manufacturing = 180.4 Mn

Eu Manufacturing employment non-automotive = 31.0 Mn

Trad

eTa

xatio

n

key figures

63

Empl

oym

ent

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

0

dE FR It uK ES PL CZ SE SK Ro Hu BE At NL Pt SI FI dK

IE BG EL EE Lt LV

Direct Automotive Employment by Country | 2007

2323344556647685122135

155166169

255

848

1123347710

Each direct job creates at least another 5 related jobs

Units - in thousands

BASE

D ON

EuR

oStA

t dA

tA –

200

7

64

Employment* by Mode of Transport | 2007

Railways 9,4%total transport 9.2 Mn

Air transport 4,4%

Sea transport 2,0%

Inland Water transport 0,5%

Pipelines 0,1%

travel Agencies & tour operators 5,3%

other Auxiliary transport Activities 24,8%

Freight transport32.2% (3.0 Mn)

Passenger transport21.3% (2.0 Mn)

* Employment in companies whose main activity lies in the transport mode concerned

employment

BASE

D ON

EuR

oStA

t dA

tA –

200

7

Road Transport

53.4% (5 Mn)

Production

Prod

uctio

n

european automobile


key figures

67

Prod

uctio

n

6,000,000

9,000,000

12,000,000

15,000,000

18,000,000

3,000,000

0

SOUR

CE: o

ICA

- 201

0

Passenger Car Production - International Comparison | 1999 – 2009

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 2009

1999 2004 2009

36.8%

36.2%

29.5%

20.8%

14.5%

8.5%

20.4%19.6%

14.5%

5.9%7.0% 6.7%7.9%

14.9%

33.3%

VOLUME % ShARE

Eu 13,944,054 29.5%

NAFtA 4,010,893 8.5%

Japan 6,862,161 14.5%

South Korea 3,158,417 6.7%

BRIC 15,722,536 33.3%

Total World 47,227,656 100%

Eu

NAFtA

Japan

South Korea

BRIC

SOUR

CE: o

ICA

– 20

10

Units

68

20

40

60

80

100

120

0

SI CZ SK dE BE ES FR PL Hu uK SE It Ro Pt At NL FI

Motor Vehicle Production per 1,000 inhabitants | 2009

59

12141417181823

3233

4748

64

8593

104

2

production

The EU produces 33 vehicles per 1,000 inhabitants

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt;

ACEA

– 2

010

Eu

Prod

uctio

n pe

r 1,0

00 in

habi

tant

s

key figures

69

Prod

uctio

n

EU Plants

At Austria 6

BE Belgium 9

BG Bulgaria 1

CZ Czech republic 11

dE Germany 47

EE Estonia 1

ES Spain 15

FI Finland 2

FR France 38

Hu Hungary 6

It Italy 20

NL Netherlands 9

PL Poland 16

Pt Portugal 5

Ro Romania 4

SE Sweden 15

SI Slovenia 1

SK Slovakia 3

uK united Kingdom 32

ExTRA EU Plants

BIH Bosnia Herzegovina 1

BY Belarus 3

KZ Kazakhstan 1

RS Serbia 2

Ru Russia 27

tR turkey 16

uA ukraine 5

uZ uzbekistan 1

Countries Plants

total 27 297

EU 19 16

ACEA MEMBERS Countries Plants

total 25 208

EU 19 183

Overview

Automobile assembly & engine production plants in Europe

70

Motor Vehicle Production in the EU by Country | 2009

TOTAL

AUSTRIA 56,000 15,714 71,714

BELGIUM 510,300 11,750 760 522,810

CZECh REPUBLIC 967,760 2,650 1,091 3,068 974,569

FINLAND 10,907 64 10,971

FRANCE 1,821,734 198,847 25,145 4,036 2,049,762

GERMANY 4,964,523 148,145 89,403 7,786 5,209,857

hUNGARY 180,500 1,670 370 182,540

ITALY 661,100 158,089 23,046 1,004 843,239

NEThERLANDS 50,620 24,340 1,641 76 601

POLAND 819,000 54,864 4,822 879,186

PORTUGAL 101,680 22,172 2,079 84 126,015

ROMANIA 279,320 16,990 188 296,498

SLOVAKIA 461,340 461,340

SLOVENIA 202,570 10,179 212 749

SPAIN 1,812,688 331,131 25,707 552 2,170,078

SWEDEN 128,738 18,000 9,600 156,338

UNITED KINGDOM 999,460 80,206 9,003 1,470 1,090,139

EUROPEAN UNION * 13,944,054 1,019,613 245,640 35,109 15,244,416

* double countings are deducted from the totals

production

SOUR

CE: S

ouRC

E: A

CEA

- 201

0 (N

AtIo

NAL

Auto

MoB

ILE

ASSo

CIAt

IoNS

)

key figures

71

Prod

uctio

n

0

-10.0

1,000,000

2,000,000 +0.0

+10.0

+20.0

3,000,000 +30.0

-20.0

-30.0

-40.0

-50.0

-60.0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

-7.7%

-1.0%

-23.5%

+20.6%

+10.2%

+2.2%

+17.3%

+7.5%

-3.3%

+13.2%

-3.3%-6.0%

+2.3% +3.8% +3.3% +3.8% +5.4%

-5.2%

-47.5%

Volumes

% change year-on-year

Commercial Vehicle Production in the EU | 1990-2009

Commercial vehicle production trendSO

URCE

: ACE

A –

2010

Units Percentage

72

0

20,000,000

30,000,000

6,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

12,000,000

60,000,000

18,000,000 +15.0

+10.0

+5.0

+8.0+6.0+4.0+2.0+0.0-2.0-4.0-6.0-8.0

-10.0

+0.0

-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

-20.0

-12.0

Passenger Car Production Worldwide | 1999-2009

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

1999

2000

2000

2001

2001

2002

2002

2003

2003

2004

2004

2005

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2008

2009

2009

-3.2%

+2.0%

-15.1%

+12.4%

+3.8%+2.9%

+4.3%

+8.8%

+1.1%+3.1%

+0.2%-1.2% -1.2%

+1.9%

-0.9%+1.3%

+5.6%

-6.7%

-12.6%

+3.7%

-3.4%

+3.8%

+1.5%

+6.2%+5.2%

+6.5% +6.6%

-0.9%

-10.5%

+4.2%

Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, united Kingdom

Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia


production

Passenger Car Production in the EU | 1990-2009

Passenger car production trend

SOUR

CE: A

CEA

– 20

10SO

URCE

: oIC

A –

2010

Units

Units

Percentage

Percentage

key figures

73

Prod

uctio

n

World Passenger Car Production (% share) | 2009

World Motor Vehicle Production (% share) | 2009

30% of passenger cars are produced in the EUSO

URCE

: oIC

A –

2010

SOUR

CE: o

ICA

– 20

10

8.5% NAFtA

14.5% Japan

22.0% China

29.5% Eu

S. Korea 6.7%

Brazil 5.5%

India 4.6%

others 3.4%

Asia-others 3.3%

Russia 1.3%

Europe / others 1.2%

S. Korea 5.8%

Brazil 5.2%

India 4.3%

Asia-others 4.1%

others 3.5%

Europe / others 1.6%

Russia 1.2%

13.0% Japan

14.4% NAFtA

22.6% China

25.0% Eu

european automobile


Registrations

Regi

stra

tions

key figures

77

Regi

stra

tions Asia 39.6%

Eu 26.1%

America North & South 27.2%

other 7.1%

Motor Vehicle Registrations Worldwide | 2009

Europe represents a market of over 15 Mn new vehicles per yearSO

URCE

: ACE

A –

2010

One of four new vehicles in the world is sold in the EU

78

TOTAL

AT 319,403 25,567 4,805 654 350,429

BE 476,194 51,250 8,358 979 536,781

BG 22,869 2,836 932 176 26,813

CZ 161,659 19,427 4,760 775 186,621

DK 112,271 15,271 3,261 314 131,117

EE 8,234 941 225 59 9,459

FI 90,574 8,677 3,173 592 103,016

FR 2,268,671 372,575 36,174 7,432 2,684,852

DE 3,807,175 169,376 67,196 5,612 4,049,359

EL 220,548 14,549 1,872 1,012 237,981

hU 78,590 11,655 2,729 177 93,151

IE 57,460 9,267 1,103 170 68,000

IT 2,158,010 181,274 19,087 3,055 2,361,426

LV 3,745 428 297 70 4,540

LT 7,003 699 514 92 8,308

TOTAL

LU 47,265 2,927 870 209 51,271

NL 387,679 51,286 11,834 1,088 451,887

PL ² 320,119 41,652 10,064 953 372,788

PT 160,996 38,906 3,213 628 203,743

RO 115,979 15,445 2,160 883 134,467

SK 74,717 15,709 1,664 671 92,761

SI 55,712 5,239 758 126 61,835

ES 952,772 106,669 12,137 2,644 1,074,222

SE 213,408 27,413 5,519 1,173 247,513

UK 1,994,999 186,818 34,746 7,989 2,224,552

EU ¹ 14,116,052 1,375,856 237,451 37,533 15,766,892

IS 2,020 262 47 8 2,337

No 98,675 23,504 4,098 1,160 127,437

CH 266,018 22,148 4,319 610 293,095

EFTA 366,713 45,914 8,464 1,778 422,869

Eu + EFtA 14,482,765 1,421,770 245,915 39,311 16,189,761

¹ data for Cyprus and Malta not available² Sales figures

registrations

Motor Vehicle Registrations in the EU by Country | 2009

SOUR

CE: A

CEA

– 20

10 (N

AtIo

NAL

Auto

MoB

ILE

ASSo

CIAt

IoNS

)

key figures

79

Regi

stra

tions

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

10.0

0.0

Lu dE BE At It FR CH uK SI NL SE ES dK

No EL FI EEPt Hu IS Ro LVCZ SK IE PL LtBG

9.4

4.74.4

3.83.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2

2.8 2.72.3 2.3

2.1 2.0 2.0 2.01.7 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3

0.8 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.50.3 0.2 0.2

Eu 15 Eu 27** Eu27, data for Cyprus and Malta n.a.

New Car Registrations per 100 inhabitants | 2009

Eu 10

SOUR

CE: A

CEA

– 20

10

New

Car R

egis

trat

ions

per

100

inha

bita

nts

80

registrations

5 %

10 %

15 %

20 %

25 %

30 %

0 %

dE FR It uK ES PL CZSE SKRo HuBE AtNL Pt SIFIdK

IE BGLuEL EE Lt LV

In many markets, 2009 new car registrations were supported by temporary fleet renewal schemes as part of crisis relief measures

Percentage

2008 2009

Market Share of New Passenger Cars | 2008 – 2009

SOUR

CE:

ACEA

– 2

010

(NAt

IoNA

L Au

toM

oBIL

E AS

SoCI

AtIo

NS)

key figures

81

Regi

stra

tions

8,000,000

9,000,000

10,000,000

11,000,000

12,000,000

13,000,000

14,000,000

15,000,000

16,000,000

+10.0

+5.0

-5.0

-10.0

-15.0

-20.0

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

+0.0-0.0%+1.1%

-17.0%

+5.9% +5.2% +6.3%+4.9%

+7.2%

+5.0%

-2.1%

+0.6%

-2.7%-1.2%

+8.0%

-0.6%

+3.8%

+1.0%

-8.0%

-1.2%

New Passenger Car Registrations


New Car Registrations in the EU | 1990-2009

Trend in new EU car registrationsSO

URCE

: ACE

A –

2010

, BAS

Ed o

N AA

A dA

tA

Units

Percentage

82

0

0

500,000

100,000

1,000,000

200,000

1,500,000

300,000

2,000,000

400,000

2,500,000

500,000

-35.0

-50.0

-40.0

-30.0

-20.0

-10.0

+0.0

+10.0

+20.0

-30.0-25.0-20.0-15.0-10.0

-5.0+0.0+5.0

+10.0+15.0+20.0

New Heavy Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009

1999

1999

1998

1998

1997

1997

2000

2000

2001

2001

2002

2002

2003

2003

2004

2004

2005

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2008

2009

2009

+9.0%+5.6%

-2.8% -2.5% -2.7%

+9.5%

+3.0%+0.4%

+5.7%

-9.7%

-29.5%

+13.1%

+16.5%+12.7%

+2.5%-3.7%

-10.0%-1.2%

+9.5%+6.1% +6.4% +6.5%

-2.6%

-44.4%

registrations

New Light Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU | 1997-2009

Trend in new EU commercial vehicle registrations

Commercial Vehicle > 3.5t


LCV - Light Commercial Vehicle < 3.5t (incl. light buses)


SOUR

CE: A

CEA

2010

, BAS

Ed o

N AA

A dA

tASO

URCE

: ACE

A 20

10, B

ASEd

oN

AAA

dAtA

Units

Units

Percentage

Percentage

key figures

83

Regi

stra

tions

10,000,000

1,500,000

11,000,000

1,700,000

12,000,000

1,900,000

13,000,000

2,100,000

14,000,000

2,300,000

15,000,000

2,500,000

16,000,000

2,700,000

-5.5

-5.5

-4.5

-4.5

-3.5

-3.5

-2.5

-2.5

-1.5

-1.5

-0.5

-0.5

+0.5

+0.5

+1.5

+1.5

+2.5

+2.5

+3.5

+3.5

+4.5

+4.5

New Commercial Vehicle Registrations in the EU and GDP | 1990-2009

1999

1999

1998

1998

1997

1997

1996199519941993199219911990 2000

2000

2001

2001

2002

2002

2003

2003

2004

2004

2005

2005

2006

2006

2007

2007

2008

2008

2009

2009

SOUR

CE: A

AA, A

CEA,

dG

ECFI

NSO

URCE

: AAA

, ACE

A, d

G EC

FIN

New PC Registrations – Eu Eu GdP

New CV Registrations – Eu Eu GdP

New

PC R

egis

trat

ions

(uni

ts)

New

CV R

egis

trat

ions

(uni

ts)

New Passenger Car Registrations in the EU and GDP

Vehicle sales develop in relation to economic growth

GDP

Grow

th (%

)

GDP

Grow

th (%

)

84

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

600,000

MARFEBJAN APR MAY JuNE JuL AuG SEPt oCt NoV dEC

2009

Small Lower Medium upper Medium Executive

2008


2007


2006


0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009-2010 New Cars sold in Europe* by Segment | 2009

SuVsLuxuryothers MPVsupper

MediumLower

Medium Small

Lower Medium 23.5%

upper Medium 11.9%

MPVs 9.7%

SuVs 8.2%

Luxury 3.3%

others 2.9%

Small 40.5%

*2009; Eu27, Norway and Switzerland, excluding Luxembourg

registrations

New Car Registrations by Segment in the EU15+EFTA | 2006-2009

A closer look at consumer demand

More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/

Units

Units

2008 2009

key figures

85

Regi

stra

tions

0

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

3,500,000

2,500,000

CO2 Emissions from New Cars | 1995-2009

19991998

1995

199719961995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

0

3,233,549

2,039,810

1,419,388

1,008,992904,845958,591

839,488583,614

306,514159,384

2 813 20,339 88,174

+59%

80%

17%

3%

2006

39%

30%

22%

9%

2007

35%30%

24%

11%

2008

31%27% 26%

16%

2009

23% 25% 27% 25%

trend in new car Co2 emissions (g/km)

161+

160-141

140-121

120 and less

Demand for Cars ≤ 120 gCO2/km | 1995-2009

The drive towards fuel efficiencySO

URCE

: AA

A FI

GuRE

S Fo

R tH

E Eu

15SO

URCE

: AA

A FI

GuRE

S Fo

R tH

E Eu

15

Units

86

0

10

20

30

40

60

50

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA by Country (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009

1999199819971996199519941993199219911990 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

FR ESBE Lu No ItAt uK SEPt IS dEFI CHdK

NLIE EL

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

registrations

Diesel Penetration in the EU15+EFTA (% of new cars registered) | 1990-2009

Most new cars have a diesel engine

% share

% share

SOUR

CE:

AAA

FIGu

RES

FoR

tHE

Eu15

+EF

tASO

URCE

: AA

A FI

GuRE

S Fo

R tH

E Eu

15+

EFtA

Eu15 +

EFtA

More information on trends in new car characteristics at http://www.acea.be/index.php/news/news_detail/trends_in_new_car_characteristics/

key figures

87

Regi

stra

tions

PASSENGER CARS 2009 % share 2008 % change

EUROPE 16,576,725 33,1% 18,643,256 -11,1%

Eu 14,116,052 28,2% 14,331,792 -1,5%

EFtA 366,837 0,7% 408,207 -10,1%

Russia 1,465,917 2,9% 2,897,459 -49,4%

turkey 369,819 0,7% 305,998 20,9%

Europe-others 258,100 0,5% 699,800 -63,1%

AMERICA 1 16,091,990 32,1% 19,101,002 -15,8%

NAFtA 12,613,177 25,2% 15,849,054 -20,4%

of which uSA 10,402,215 20,7% 13,194,741 -21,2%

MERCoSuR 3,478,813 6,9% 3,251,948 7,0%

of which Brazil 3,008,742 6,0% 2,670,991 12,6%

ASIA 16,656,815 33,2% 13,763,033 21,0%

Japan 3,923,740 7,8% 4,227,643 -7,2%

South Korea 1,225,000 2,4% 1,034,387 18,4%

China 8,380,870 16,7% 5,692,049 47,2%

India 1,815,205 3,6% 1,545,342 17,5%

Asia-others 2 1,312,000 2,6% 1,263,612 3,8%

OThERS 3 819,674 1,6% 965,006 -15,1%

TOTAL WORLD 50,145,204 100,0% 52,472,297 -4,4%

1. Including Light Commercial Vehicles2. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, taiwan, thailand3. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

Asia 33.2%

Japan 7.8% South Korea 2.4% China 16.7% India 3.6% Asia-others 3 2.6%

America 32.1%

NAFTA 25.2%

uSA 20.7%

MERCOSUR 6.9%

Brazil 6.0%

Europe 33.1%

Europe-others 0.5%turkey 0.7%Russia 2.9%EFtA 0.7%Eu 28.2%

Others 1.6%

Market Shares | 2009

New passenger car registrations – the global viewSO

URCE

: A

CEA

2010

88

MOTOR VEhICLES 2009 % share 2008 % change

EUROPE 18,682,643 30,9% 21,890,861 -14,7%

Eu 15,766,892 26,1% 16,730,630 -5,8%

EFtA 422,869 0,7% 485,172 -12,8%

Russia 1,618,917 2,7% 3,366,415 -51,9%

turkey 575,865 1,0% 526,544 9,4%

Europe-others 298,100 0,5% 782,100 -61,9%

AMERICA 16,493,364 27,2% 19,676,000 -16,2%

NAFtA 12,859,317 21,2% 16,238,514 -20,8%

of which uSA 10,601,901 17,5% 13,493,165 -21,4%

MERCoSuR 3,634,047 6,0% 3,437,486 5,7%

of which Brazil 3,146,905 5,2% 2,825,716 11,4%

ASIA 23,982,136 39,6% 19,709,185 21,7%

Japan 4,609,255 7,6% 5,082,235 -9,3%

South Korea 1,445,000 2,4% 1,237,087 16,8%

China 13,644,794 22,5% 9,336,326 46,1%

India 2,263,887 3,7% 1,983,045 14,2%

Asia-others 1 2,019,200 3,3% 2,070,492 -2,5%

OThERS 2 1,361,145 2,2% 1,598,505 -14,8%

TOTAL WORLD 60,519,288 100,0% 64,116,327 -5,6%1. Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, taiwan, thailand2. Australia, New Zealand, South Africa

Europe 30.9%

Europe-others 0.5%turkey 1.0%Russia 2.7%EFtA 0.7%Eu 26.1%

Others 2 2.2%

registrations

Market Shares | 2009

New motor vehicle registrations – worldwide

SOUR

CE:

ACE

A 20

10

Asia 39.6%

Japan 7.6% South Korea 2.4% China 22.5% India 3.7% Asia-others 1 3.3%

America 27.2%

NAFTA 21.2%

uSA 17,5%

MERCOSUR 6.0%

Brazil 5.2%

european automobile


Vehicles in Use

Vehi

cles

in U

se

key figures

91

Vehi

cles

in U

se

EU*

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

0

Car Fleet* Composition | 2008

LATVIA SLOVAKIA FINLAND ESTONIA GREECE SWEDEN PORTUGAL FRANCE GERMANY BELGIUM AUSTRIA UK

15.9

11.611.0 11.0 10.5

9.5 9.08.3 8.2 8.2 7.9 7.7

6.9

* for available countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, UK.

Average Car Age by Country | 2008

Cars in the EU are on average 8.2 years oldSo

urce

: ANF

AC, A

CEA

– 20

10So

urce

: ANF

AC, A

CEA

– 20

10

34.5% Cars > 10 years old

33.6% Cars ≤ 5 years old

31.9% Cars 5-10 years old

92

EU Passenger Car Fleet by Fuel Type | 2008

Cars 87.1%

Gasoline 63.6%

Commercial Vehicles 12.6%

diesel 33.7%

Buses & Coaches 0.3%

other 2.7%

vehicles in use

EU Fleet by Vehicle Type | 2008

EU vehicle fleet composition

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

– 20

10SO

URCE

: AN

FAC,

ACE

A –

2010

key figures

93

Vehi

cles

in U

se

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

0

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

EU Commercial Vehicle Fleet | 1993 – 2008



1993

1993

1998

1998

2003

2003

2008

2008

EU Car Fleet | 1993 – 2008

EU vehicle fleet developmentSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t –

2010

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

– 20

10

94

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

40,000,000

45,000,000

0

dE It FR uK ES PL NL BE EL CZ Pt At SE Ro Hu FI BG dK

IE Lt SK SI LV EE CY Lu Mt

17.7%

15.4%

13.3%12.5%

9.5%

6.9%

3.2%

2.2% 2.1% 1.9% 1.9% 1.8% 1.8% 1.7%1.3% 1.2% 1.0% 0.9% 0.8% 0.7% 0.7% 0.4% 0.4% 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1%

vehicles in use

Car Fleet by Country (in units and % share) | 2008

Vehicle spread in the EU

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

– 20

10

Units

key figures

95

Vehi

cles

in U

se

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

+0.0

+5.0

+10.0

+15.0

+20.0

+25.0

+30.0

-20.0

Car Fleet Growth (% change) | 1996-2008

1996 1997 1998 1998 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

0.00

234.08

135.52

57.93

32.02 25.74 21.88 12.48 9.85

JAPANuSA RuSSIA CHINA BRAZIL S. KoREA INdIA

* 27 countries included over the whole period

Car Fleet (in Mn) | 2008

International comparison

Eu*

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt,

GLoB

AL IN

SIGH

tSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t, GL

oBAL

INSI

GHt

% change

Units – in millions

Eu* uSA Japan Russia

China Brazil South Korea India

96

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

0

ItLu CY Mt SI At FI dE Lt FR ES BE uK Eu SE NL EL IE CZ PL Pt LV EE dK

BG Hu SK Ro

187

285305311

381412413415422423439446458462470475477483498499504507513514

555557601

667

100

200

300

400

500

0

uSAJAPANEu* S. KoREA RuSSIA BRAZIL CHINA INdIA

* 27 countries included over the whole period

470 454 444

254226

113

19 8

vehicles in use

Car Density in the EU (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008

Car Density in the World (cars per 1,000 inhabitants) | 2008

Trends in motorisation

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt,

GLoB

AL IN

SIGH

tSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t

european automobile


Trade

Trad

e

key figures

99

Trad

e

EFtA & Eastern Europe 25.6%

Middle East 6.8%

Africa 7.2%

Asia & oceania 26.8%

North America 31.6%

South America & Caribbean 2.2%

EU Exports of Passenger Cars (in value)

The EU automotive industry is a formidable exporterSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t, 20

09

100

YEAR 2008 YEAR 2009 % ChG 09/08

tRAdE tRAdE tRAdEtRAdE IN VALuE (¤MN) IMPoRtS ExPoRtS BALANCE IMPoRtS ExPoRtS BALANCE IMPoRtS ExPoRtS BALANCE

Passenger Cars 30,058 69,576 39,518 21,743 47,747 26,004 -27.7% -31.4% -34.2%

Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) 4,530 3,455 -1,075 2,567 1,881 -686 -43.3% -45.6% -36.2%

Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 1,196 6,767 5,571 866 4,136 3,270 -27.6% -38.9% -41.3%

t o t a l 35,784 79,798 44,014 25,176 53,764 28,588 -29.6% -32.6% -35.0%

YEAR 2008 YEAR 2009 % ChG 09/08

tRAdE IN VoLuME (uNItS) IMPoRtS ExPoRtS IMPoRtS ExPoRtS IMPoRtS ExPoRtS

Passenger Cars 3,004,033 5,786,073 2,273,745 3,437,543 -24.3% -40.6%

Light Commercial Vehicles (up to 5t) 425,056 341,152 245,470 225,464 -42.2% -33.9%

Commercial Vehicles (over 5t) + Buses & Coaches 20,638 207,918 14,942 143,956 -27.6% -30.8%

t o t a l 3,449,727 6,335,143 2,534,157 3,806,963 -26.5% -39.9%

trade

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in € Mn)

EU Motor Vehicle Trade (in units)

SOURCE: EuRoStAt

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

key figures

101

Trad

e

Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in value) | 2009

2007 2008 2009 % CHG 09/08 % CHG 08/07 % CHG 09/07 % SHARE IN 2009

World 33,774 30,058 21,743 -27.7% -11.0% -35.6% 100.0%

Japan 12,030 10,821 7,896 -27.0% -10.1% -34.4% 36.3%

turkey 4,206 3,676 3,193 -13.1% -12.6% -24.1% 14.7%

united States 6,395 6,036 2,990 -50.5% -5.6% -53.2% 13.8%

South Korea 6,691 3,945 2,607 -33.9% -41.0% -61.0% 12.0%

India 335 585 1,536 162.8% 74.7% 359.0% 7.1%

Mexico 1,992 2,405 1,499 -37.7% 20.7% -24.8% 6.9%

Brazil 567 808 539 -33.4% 42.7% -4.9% 2.5%

South Africa 70 300 469 56.4% 327.5% 568.5% 2.2%

China 508 564 360 -36.1% 10.9% -29.1% 1.7%

Switzerland 193 154 125 -19.1% -19.9% -35.2% 0.6%

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in € Mn)

Most imports to the EU come from JapanSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

tSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t

14.7% turkey

12.0% S. Korea

20.9% NAFtA

36.3% Japan

0.2% Europe-others

0.2% Middle East

India 7.1%

MERCoSuR 2.6%

South Africa 2.2%

China 1.7%

Asia & oceania-others 1.0%

EFtA 0.8%

Africa-others 0.2%

Russia 0.2%

others 0.2%

102

Passenger Cars – Origin of EU Imports (in units) | 2009


World 3,437,676 3,004,033 2,273,745 -24.3% -12.6% -33.9% 100.0%

Japan 965,891 867,496 643,155 -25.9% -10.2% -33.4% 28.3%

South Korea 651,335 446,552 350,259 -21.6% -31.4% -46.2% 15.4%

turkey 385,727 411,567 313,660 -23.8% 6.7% -18.7% 13.8%

India 119,630 99,540 265,558 166.8% -16.8% 122.0% 11.7%

China 392,926 303,698 177,783 -41.5% -22.7% -54.8% 7.8%

united States 460,222 371,967 174,461 -53.1% -19.2% -62.1% 7.7%

Mexico 152,007 183,650 116,291 -36.7% 20.8% -23.5% 5.1%

taiwan 122,466 136,739 73,854 -46.0% 11.7% -39.7% 3.2%

Brazil 63,798 53,084 47,216 -11.1% -16.8% -26.0% 2.1%

South Africa 3,913 20,520 31,308 52.6% 424.4% 700.1% 1.4%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

0%

CHINAS. KoREA tuRKEY INdIAJAPAN uSA MExICo tAIWAN BRAZIL S. AFRICA

28.3

15.4 13.811.7

7.8 7.75.1 3.2 2.1 1.4

trade

Origin of most EU Passenger Car Imports (in units)

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

key figures

103

Trad

e


World 71,025 69,576 47,747 -31.4% -2.0% -32.8% 100.0%

united States 24,754 20,550 12,708 -38.2% -17.0% -48.7% 26.6%

China 3,345 4,610 5,470 18.7% 37.8% 63.5% 11.5%

Switzerland 4,324 4,365 3,841 -12.0% 0.9% -11.2% 8.0%

Japan 4,121 3,256 2,670 -18.0% -21.0% -35.2% 5.6%

Russia 6,659 8,790 2,538 -71.1% 32.0% -61.9% 5.3%

turkey 2,835 2,808 2,047 -27.1% -1.0% -27.8% 4.3%

Norway 2,703 2,192 1,854 -15.4% -18.9% -31.4% 3.9%

Canada 2,094 2,085 1,792 -14.1% -0.4% -14.4% 3.8%

Australia 2,101 2,188 1,576 -28.0% 4.1% -25.0% 3.3%

South Africa 1,603 1,026 948 -7.6% -36.0% -40.9% 2.0%

South Korea 975 912 802 -12.1% -6.5% -17.7% 1.7%

Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in € Mn)

Car shipments to the USA represent over a quarter of EU car exports (in value)

Passenger Cars – Destination of EU Exports (in value) | 2009

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

SOUR

CE: E

uRoS

tAt

11.5% China

6.8% Middle East

12.0% EFtA

0.8% others

31.6% NAFtA

1.4% MERCoSuR

1.7% South Korea

Japan 5.6%

Russia 5.3%

Africa-others 5.2%

Asia & oceania 4.7%

turkey 4.3%

Europe-others 4.0%

Australia 3.3%

South Africa 2.0%

104

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009

World 5,069,862 4,854,618 3,438,246 -29.2% -4.2% -32.2% 100.0%

United states 988,449 875,953 544,506 -37.8% -11.4% -44.9% 15.8%

iran 202,537 390,955 350,131 -10.4% 93.0% 72.9% 10.2%

switzerland 244,539 234,076 200,328 -14.4% -4.3% -18.1% 5.8%

russia 533,780 675,312 177,550 -73.7% 26.5% -66.7% 5.2%

china 100,480 136,566 173,135 26.8% 35.9% 72.3% 5.0%

Turkey 225,785 223,463 169,275 -24.2% -1.0% -25.0% 4.9%

Japan 213,709 161,750 112,448 -30.5% -24.3% -47.4% 3.3%

Belarus 100,963 119,212 111,852 -6.2% 18.1% 10.8% 3.3%

norway 153,320 124,422 111,329 -10.5% -18.8% -27.4% 3.2%

Mexico 64,012 58,635 104,900 78.9% -8.4% 63.9% 3.1%

canada 90,609 103,466 86,565 -16.3% 14.2% -4.5% 2.5%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

0%

chinairan swiTzerland rUssiaUsa TUrKeY JaPan norwaY BelarUs MeXico canada

15.8

10.2

5.8 5.2 5.0 4.93.3 3.2 3.2 3.1 2.5

TRADE

Destination of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units) | 2009

Main Destinations of EU Passenger Car Exports (in units)

About 16% of exported cars set sail to the USA

Sour

ce: e

Uros

TaT

Sour

ce: e

Uros

TaT

key figures

105

Trad

e


World 3,830,315 3,449,727 2,577,123 -25.3% -9.9% -32.7% 100.0%

Japan 988,418 894,298 658,331 -26.4% -9.5% -33.4% 25.5%

turkey 621,373 716,977 497,074 -30.7% 15.4% -20.0% 19.3%

South Korea 655,421 452,354 352,540 -22.1% -31.0% -46.2% 13.7%

India 121,276 102,124 266,958 161.4% -15.8% 120.1% 10.4%

China 393,769 305,310 227,019 -25.6% -22.5% -42.3% 8.8%

united States 469,366 382,498 179,546 -53.1% -18.5% -61.7% 7.0%

Mexico 152,046 183,689 116,301 -36.7% 20.8% -23.5% 4.5%

taiwan 122,555 136,754 73,855 -46.0% 11.6% -39.7% 2.9%

Brazil 68,698 58,382 49,594 -15.1% -15.0% -27.8% 1.9%

South Africa 25,092 35,321 38,779 9.8% 40.8% 54.5% 1.5%

10.0%

20.0%

30.0%

0%

CHINAS. KoREAtuRKEY INdIAJAPAN uSA MExICo tAIWAN BRAZIL S. AFRICA

25,5

19,3

13,710,4 8,8 7

4,5 2,9 1,9 1.5

Origin of EU Motor Vehicle Imports (in units) | 2009

Origin of most EU Motor Vehicle Imports (in units)

A closer look at imports of all vehicle categoriesSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

tSO

URCE

: EuR

oStA

t

106

Destination of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units) | 2009

2007 2008 2009 % chg 09/08 % chg 08/07 % chg 09/07 % share in 2009

World 5,642,020 5,403,265 3,804,561 -29.6% -4.2% -32.6% 100.0%

United states 997,593 882,134 547,340 -38.0% -11.6% -45.1% 14.4%

iran 203,075 391,475 350,611 -10.4% 92.8% 72.7% 9.2%

switzerland 268,413 259,625 221,096 -14.8% -3.3% -17.6% 5.8%

russia 609,721 735,978 192,820 -73.8% 20.7% -68.4% 5.1%

Turkey 258,557 256,330 187,133 -27.0% -0.9% -27.6% 4.9%

china 103,541 138,146 175,039 26.7% 33.4% 69.1% 4.6%

norway 177,437 146,063 123,735 -15.3% -17.7% -30.3% 3.3%

Belarus 109,411 128,884 119,430 -7.3% 17.8% 9.2% 3.1%

Japan 213,999 161,838 112,527 -30.5% -24.4% -47.4% 3.0%

Mexico 90,819 70,014 109,030 55.7% -22.9% 20.1% 2.9%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

0%

chinairan swiTzerland rUssiaUsa TUrKeY JaPannorwaY BelarUs MeXico

14,4

9,2

5.8 5,1 4,9 4,63.3 3.1 3.0 2,9

Main Destinations of EU Motor Vehicle Exports (in units)

A closer look at exports of all vehicle categories

Sour

ce: e

Uros

TaT

Sour

ce: e

Uros

TaT

TRADE

european automobile


Taxation

Taxa

tion

key figures

109

Taxa

tion

In 2010, seventeen Eu Member States levied Co2-related taxes on passenger cars. Fifteen governments provided tax incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles. In 2009, total motor vehicle taxes in the Eu15 amounted to €427 billion or 3.9% of GdP.

the European car industry supports the further introduction of the fiscal incentives to promote fuel efficiency. tax measures are an important tool in shaping consumer demand towards fuel-efficient cars, and help create a market for breakthrough technologies, no-tably during the introduction phase.

the environmental results of the tax incentives in the Eu may be negatively influenced by the widely varying systems in each country. the European car industry urges Eu governments to show more resolve in harmonising car taxation schemes.the car industry advocates a linear system, in which tax levels are directly proportionate to the car’s Co2 emissions and every gramme of Co2 is taxed the same. Car tax schemes should neither include nor exclude specific technologies and be budget neutral in end-effect.

Co2– related car taxation is applied in: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Latvia, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, the united Kingdom.

Incentives for electrically chargeable vehicles are provided in all Western European countries with the exception of Italy and Luxem-bourg. the Czech Republic and Romania take the total number of Member States with these incentives up to fifteen.

17 Member States levy CO2-related taxation on cars

110

At BE dK dE ES FR EL IE It NL Pt FI SE uK

€ bn € bn dKK bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn € bn SEK bn £ bn

Purchase or transfer

1. VAt on vehicles, servicing/ repair parts, tyres 2.510 3.054 n.a. 27.100 4.957 13.186 n.a. 0.084 18.460 1.607 1.200 1.272 15.000 12.830

New vehicle sales 1.431 19.100 2.871 7.184 0.721 0.783

Second-hand vehicle sales 0.081 2.200 0.062 0.586 0.094

Services and repair + tyres 1.637 4.470 5.416 0.730

Accessories and spare parts 0.905 1.330 2.024 –

2. Fuels & Lubricants 5.523 6.073 15.000 39.930 16.815 34.735 3.115 2.651 33.460 9.867 3.700 3.284 50.000 24.510

3. Sales & registration taxes 0.530 0.358 24.300 1.043 1.888 0.843 1.121 1.230 3.271 1.175 1.018

Annual ownership taxes 1.510 1.401 9.627 8.840 2.636 1.296 0.996 1.057 6.470 3.079 0.080 0.637 11.850 5.380

driving license fees 0.007 0.010 0.092 – 0.070

Insurance taxes 0.320 0.462 2.096 3.570 0.739 3.933 4.230 0.260 3.350

tolls 1.300 0.413 9.484 N.A. 0.040 1.250

Customs duties 0.093 0.480 – 0.125

other taxes 0.570 0.589 0.750 0.355 1.435 N.A. 0.177 4.600 0.501 0.090 7.250 3.710

TOTAL 12.263 16.091 51.436 107.780 31.594 79.143 5.675 5.130 69.700 19.932 6.370 6.471 87.450 46.500

EURO 12.3 16.1 6.9 107.8 31.6 79.1 5.7 5.1 69.7 19.9 6.4 6.5 8.2 52.2

GRAND TOTAL = € 427.4 BN

Fiscal Income from the Motor Vehicles in the EU* | 2008

*no data available for other Eu Member States

taxation

SOUR

CE: A

CEA

– 20

10

key figures

111

Taxa

tion

Germany

Netherlands

Romania

Slovakia

Malta

uK

Spain

Cyprus

Luxembourg

Share of VAT in Net Price of the Car

Excise Duties on Fuels in € / 1,000 litres

At BE BG CY CZ dK EE FI FR dE EL Hu IE It LV Lt Lu Mt NL PL Pt Ro SK SI ES SE uK EU minimum rates

Unleaded Petrol 442 614 350 299 505 571 423 627 607 655 410 444 543 564 380 434 462 459 714 391 583 348 515 499 425 540 617 359

Diesel 347 353 307 245 431 386 393 364 428 470 302 360 449 423 330 274 310 352 421 302 364 293 368 432 331 451 617 330

SOUR

CE: A

CEA

– 20

10SO

URCE

: ACE

A –

2010

denmark

Hungary

Sweden

Finland

Poland

Belgium

Greece

Ireland

Lithuania

Latvia

Austria

Bulgaria

Czech Republic

Estonia

Italy

Portugal

Slovenia

France

25 %

20 %

19 %

22 %

15 %

18 %

17.5 %

16 %21 % 19.6 %

AT Austria

BE Belgium

BG Bulgaria

CH Switzerland

CY Cyprus

CZ Czech Republic

DE Germany

DK Denmark

EE Estonia

EL Greece

ES Spain

FI Finland

FR France

HU Hungary

IE Ireland

IS Iceland

IT Italy

LT Lithuania

LU Luxembourg

LV Latvia

MT Malta

NL Netherlands

NO Norway

PL Poland

PT Portugal

RO Romania

RS Serbia

RU Russia

SE Sweden

SI Slovenia

SK Slovakia

TR Turkey

UA Ukraine

UK United Kingdom

EUROPE EU27 + EFTA EFTA Iceland + Norway + Switzerland NAFTA USA + Canada + Mexico BRIC Brazil + Russia + India + China MERCOSUR Argentina + Brazil + Paraguay + Uruguay ASEAN Brunei + Indonesia + Malaysia + Philippines + Singapore + Thailand + Vietnam CIS Commonwealth of Independent States: Armenia + Azerbaijan + Belarus + Kazakhstan + Uzbekistan + Tajikistan + Kyrgyzstan + Moldavia + Ukraine + Russia

EC European Commission CAFE Clean Air for Europe EEA European Environment Agency OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development AAA Association Auxiliaire de l’Automobile VDA Verband der Automobilindustrie OICA Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles

CARS

PC Passenger Cars

VANS

LCV Light Commercial Vehicles + minibus / coaches 3.5t

TRUCKS

CV MCV + HCV

MCV Medium Commercial Vehicles > 3.5t but 16t HCV Heavy Commercial Vehicles > 16t

BUSES + COACHES

B&C Buses > 3.5t

MOTOR VEHICLES

MV Cars + Vans + Trucks + Buses & Coaches

SPORT UTILITY VEHICLES

SUV off-road passenger cars (4X4)

PM particulate matter NOx nitrogen oxides CO carbon monoxide CO2 carbon dioxide

Mn million Bn billion g gramme t tonne tkm tonne-kilometre pkm passenger-kilometre GCW gross combined weight GPD gross domestic product

Documents

2010..._september 2010. 1 the automobile industry pocket guide The automotive industry is a key element in the fabric of the European economy and society. Our industry contributes