2010-03 Energy Guide

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S ENERGY ENERGY 20102010 Volume 34 – March 2010 Volume 34 – March 2010

You know that Joy Mining Machinery is an industry leader.

But dig deeper and see what you find. Eight out of ten

continuous miners working in U.S. mines today are JOY

machines.* Nine out of ten longwall shearers operating in the

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more coal producers use high-performing JOY equipment. Joy

has more than 90 years of experience as a global leader in

the development, manufacture, distribution and service of

underground mining machinery. And the way we lead is by

innovation, dating all the way back to 1919.

* Joy database ** Coal Age Magazine U.S. Longwall Census 2008

Joy Mining Machinery, Wellington,1275 West Ridge Road, Wellington, UT 84542, 435-637-6161

March 2010 – Carbon/Emery Energy Guide – 3

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4 – Carbon/Emery Energy Guide – March 2010

For over three decades the Sun Advocate and Emery County Progress have been bringing Eastern Utah our energy guide each winter or spring.

The publication has always been for those in our community who provide jobs in the most dynamic industry in the world, energy. It has been for the com-panies to bring information to the public, for the miners to spread the news about their profession and for the jobbers to show off their part in the coal and gas industry. Most of all, this special is about our readers, who want to know more about the energy industry, its technology, the issues facing it and what its future is. There are many challenges facing the energy industry today. Times are changing and the sure thing of coal being king seems to be waning as people start to look to alternative sources of power for homes and businesses. But coal still provides around 50 percent of the elec-

tricity used in the United States. In Utah, it provides over 80 percent. This publication contains articles about coal, its production and what may be happening with it, as well as information about associated industries

and gas production, which has also become a big part of our community’s network of businesses. There are also some stories concerning alternative energy sources that in some cases are pertinent or will be pertinent to the local area. While being rich in coal, this area also has huge amounts of coal bed methane, natural gas and tar sands, which are just in their infancy when it comes to development. The area also has a lot of renewable energy capacity as well. In some parts of the area, the wind blows as much as it does in many other places where turbines churn out power for grids, suppling thousands of homes. The area also has nearly 300 sunny days a year, which could mean it is a good place to generate solar power as well. But for now, the coal-fired power plants are the backbone of our power generation and that is here to stay for some time. We make no pretension that this publication covers every aspect of en-ergy or energy development that is going on in our area, but we have tried to give a snapshot of what is up and what could go on in the future. We truly appreciate the individuals in our area that agreed to be inter-viewed for this special and those that contributed to it. Without their help we just couldn’t produce this one of a kind guide every year. This is also the second year our annual Carbon and Emery Energy Guide is housed in a slick cover publication. We are very proud of the way this has turned out and look forward to your comments about it.

Richard Shaw, publisher Sun Advocate Emery County Progress

ENERGY ENERGY 20102010

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The cover of this publication was painted by Thomas Williams of Helper. Williams and his partner, David Johnsen, have been creating period paintings about the coal industry for years. This painting was done as a collage, depicting coal town life as it was before the middle of the 20th century. The pair presently own the Boxcar Gallery in Helper, but have been featured at shows and galleries throughout the United States. Williams was born in West Virginia to a coal mining family. He eventually migrated to the mines of Eastern Utah where he worked as a miner for some years, until an injury ended that career. It was during his rehabilitation that Williams and others recognized his artistic ability. Soon he was painting what was nearest and dearest to his heart, the coal mining industry, with its storied past, its challenges and its people. Two years ago, Williams was commissioned to produce art for the new public safety building in Park City, where the mining history along with the ski and tourism industry go hand in hand. He produced a series of paintings that currently hang in the foyer and in other places in the building, bringing that legacy to life for all who visit. Over the years both artists’ period and industrial paintings have brought the story of the blue collar worker to a public that knows little about where the energy used in their homes and businesses comes from. Williams and Johnsen have produced a number of paintings for companies connected to the coal and power generation industry. “We hope to continue to do that, and hope that along with more work for the gas and oil industry as well,” Williams said.

Tom Williams, once a coal miner, now uses his experience to create works of art about the industry.

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Banasky Insurance .................. 12Badlands .................................. 45Bill Barrett Corporation ........... 19BookCliff Sales ......................... 31Booth Fire Protection ................. 5Brady Mining .................... 48, 49Bridge Realty/ Brenda Quick .... 66Bruno Electric/ Bodec Inc. ........ 18Bucyrus .................................. 16Canyon Fuel ............................ 20Carbon Chiropractic ................ 60Carbon Co. Commissioners ...... 21Carbon County Events Center . 66Castle Country Oil ................... 51Castle Country Orthopaedics ... 17Castleview Occupational Med .... 6CEU Museum .......................... 19CEU Mining ........................... 54Chute Supply ............................ 7Cloyd’s Floor Store .................. 63

Consol Energy ......................... 32Desert Mountain ..................... 46Dinosaur Tire .......................... 19Dyno Nobel ............................. 41Electrical Contractors Inc. ........ 31Emery Co. Commissioners ...... 29Emery Telcom .......................... 37Fairmont Supply ..................... 11Filter Service and Testing ......... 15Golden West Industries ............ 24Guymon’s ............................... 22Hydraulic Repair ...................... 30Industrial Electric .................... 28Johansen & Tuttle .................... 63JBR Environmental .................. 29Jones & Demille ....................... 36Joy Mining ............................... 2Kaman Industries .................... 22Kenworth Sales .......................... 8Landon’s Diesel .......................... 3

Longwall Associates ................ 14Mac’s Mining ............................ 8MB Financial ........................... 42MHS Industrial Maintenance .. 12Mine Systems .......................... 62Morgantown ........................... 39Nelco ....................................... 47Nielson Construction ........ 25, 26,........................................43 & 68Now Cap Respiratory .............. 38Peterson Chemical .................... 18Phillips Machine ...................... 43Pierce Oil Company ................. 24Price City ................................. 27Price Insurance .......................... 9Questar ................................... 39Rocky Mountain Power ........... 58Savage ..................................... 44Scamp Excavation ..................... 4SGS North America, Inc. ......... 59

Standard Laboratories .............. 51Stilson and Sons Construction ..23Sun Advocate/ Emery Co. Progress ...50 and 55Supreme Muffler ..................... 52Tavaputs Ranch ....................... 26Tony Basso GM ....................... 53Tram Electric ........................... 34Tram Electric ........................... 35UA Local 140 Pipefitters .......... 27United Mine Workers of America ............................ 57University of Utah Miners Hospital ...................... 9University of Utah Mining Department ............. 33Utah Railway .......................... 13Waste Logistics ........................ 67

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Services Include:Pre-employment physicalsDOT PhysicalDrug screens DOT and non-DOTDrug alcohol testsPulmonary Function tests

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Directory of AdvertisersDirectory of Advertisers* * *


2010 EnergyEdition

Published by the Sun Advocate and Emery County Progress

Rick Shaw .............................................................PublisherKevin Scannell ...........................................................WriterJenni Fasselin ............................................................... SalesCherie Murdoch .......................................................... SalesDeAnna Duncan ......................................................... SalesLynna Tweddell ............................................................ SalesChrista Kaminski ......................................................... Sales

Sun Advocate845 East Main, Price, Utah

435-637-0732 435-637-2716 Faxwww.sunad.com

By Richard Shaw

As jobs go in Utah, coal min-ing, based on education and train-ing, is one of the highest paid jobs a person can have. In the state as a whole it is a relatively small pro-portion of people who do that kind of work, but in Carbon and Emery counties the profession makes up a large amount of the workforce. Coal mining affects Sevier Coun-ty’s workforce strongly as well. While a high income job, it is also a dangerous one. In the last 25 years that has been proven in such mines as Wilberg, Willow Creek and Crandall Canyon, along with many mishaps with fewer casu-alties in various other mines and mining facilities. Contrary to local popular be-lief, Utah is not one of the largest

Modern miners jobs good, here to staycoal producing states, although it does rank 14th in the United States overall. It does, however, produce more coal than it uses and a great deal is shipped outside the Bee-hive State’s boundaries. The state only internally uses about two-thirds of what it produces each year. In 2008, the largest consum-ers of Utah coal were California, Nevada and Alabama. Most of the coal produced in the state is used for generating electricity – a great deal of that power is generated within the state’s boundaries. Between some hydroelectric power that the state consumes and the coal-burning, Utah has some of the lowest cost consumer power in the country. The coal produced from the three counties includes 47.5 percent

(Continued on page 10)The days of coal miners working up against the face of a coal seam by hand are largely gone. Today most operations are very automated.

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Carbon and Emery counties share a common history, although the general focus of the two coun-ties has differed slightly at times during the years. Energy related industries have played a key role in the initial and continued eco-nomic development in the local Castle Valley region. The original boundaries es-tablished for Emery County en-compassed the majority of Castle Valley, including the Carbon area. But in 1894, the Utah Territorial Legislature created Carbon Coun-ty from a portion of Emery. Over the years the economic focus of Carbon County shifted to coal, the railroad and industrial development. After the split of the two counties, Emery spent many years relying more on agricultural endeavors. Originally Mormon settle-ments were established along

Carbon and Emery are unique partnersthe Price River in the late 1870s. Routes into the region included offshoots of the Old Spanish Trail and over Soldier Summit. Farm-ing and ranching became early economic activities in the Castle Valley region. Cowboys and out-laws filled several colorful chap-ters in Carbon County’s history, with the likes of Butch Cassidy and “Gunplay” Maxwell roaming the local area. During the early 1880s, the Denver & Rio Grande Western Railroad decided to establish a transportation route from the Col-orado city to the Salt Lake Valley. At this point the Nine Mile Can-yon freight road from Price to the Uinta Basin became an important transportation link in Carbon’s chain of development. Built by Buffalo soldiers, the road be-tween Myton and Price became

(Continued on page 9)

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Carbon and Emery are unique partners:a lifeline for the Uintah Basin from railroad they would never have. The railroads efforts served as an impetus in the discovery of the vast coal lands of Carbon Coun-ty and provided a foundation for opening the natural resource to pro-duction. Therefore coal mining rap-idly became the major catalyst for economic development in Carbon County. Companies built and ran coal camps in Carbon County, importing southern and eastern Europeans, as well as Japanese laborers, to work in the mines and on railroad gangs. The town of Helper, which is well known for its involvement in the coal mining industry of years past, got its name from being the station where locomotives were uti-lized to “help” loaded freight trains climb the canyon grades and reach Solider Summit. Helper became

known as the town of “57 varieties” because of the city’s ethnic diver-sity. Between the coal mining and the railroad, and the influx of im-migrants from all over Europe and some parts of Asia, the area devel-oped a more cosmopolitan atmo-sphere than most other rural areas of the state of Utah, whose immi-grants came largely from northern Europe. Over the years the development of electrical generating facilities has changed the entire area. Large electric plants built in Huntington Canyon and near Castle Dale in the 1970s provided the impetus for huge mines to be developed and the output of coal from those and other mines in Emery County far surpassed the coal output in Carbon County in some of those years. Today coal continues to be a large part of both counties liveli-hood, yet an uncertain one as the

world of energy changes. Environ-mental challenges and new forms of energy generation are beginning

(Continued from page 9) to affect the use of coal, but it still is the main fuel used to generate power in the state of Utah.

The stacks at the Huntington Canyon Power plant denote the dual partnership that Carbon and Emery counties have in energy projects and the jobs they provide across county lines.

Price Insurance AgencyRoy Nikas, CIC

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Modern miners jobs good, here to stay:from Carbon, 23.9 percent from Em-ery and 28.6 percent from Sevier. However, the largest producing mine is in Sevier County (Sufco) from which that entire percentage is de-rived. However in the last 100 years, the dual counties of Carbon and Em-ery have produced the vast majority of coal in the state. Based on statistics from the Utah Department of Workforce Services, from the last quarter of 2008 through the third quarter of 2009 coal mining accounted for 1997 jobs. More than three-quarters of those jobs were in the eastern Utah counties. These jobs im-pact the two county area dramatically. While in the state overall coal mining makes up less than one half a percent of the jobs eastern Utah between 12 -13 percent of the jobs in Carbon and Emery are coal mining positions, and that is only counting direct employ-ment and not ancillary jobs that exist because of the mining activity. Interestingly, over the past de-

cade coal mining jobs have not fluc-tuated based on other sectors of the economy very much. In fact as the latest recession has set in, coal mining employment has actually increased. That increase may even be larger as the Lila Canyon Mine is expected to open sometime in the next year. Coal mining wages are high compared to many other sectors. In Emery they are 85 percent higher than other industries in the county and in Carbon the rate is 112 percent. The average coal miner in Carbon and Emery counties earns $5,804 per month, based on the year from the last quarter of 2008 through the third quarter of 2009. While all this seems positive, the growth of the number of jobs, while increasing, has not grown as much as the standard employment within the state in the first years of the 21st cen-tury. Some say coal mining is on its way out of the realm of occupations, because of the changes that will be

taking place in energy consumption as more and more people turn toward so called renewable sources of power. However, coal still remains the most stable and reliable power source (along

(Continued from page 7) with nuclear and gas buring plants) that exist to provide electric power. It appears these jobs will exist for a very long time, even if that tran-sition does take place.

Coal mining jobs provide jobs for power plant workers, other jobs with good incomes.

SGS Minerals Services has served the coal mining and electri-cal generation industries in Castle Valley for more than 30 years. SGS, a major international in-spection, testing and consulting firm, acquired Commercial Testing & Engineering Company in 1984. CT&E started in the mid-western United States in 1908 and became a leader in formulating comprehensive testing services to the power industry for nearly 100 years. CT&E played a major role in setting the analytical pace in the coalfields east of the Mississippi River, then expanded to establish service concepts for the mines and power generating stations. SGS provides inspection, sam-pling, testing and analytical ser-vices to the mining, generation and energy companies in Carbon and Emery counties.

SGS serves electricity, coal producers in Castle Valley The company operates the only full-service environmental labora-tory in Castle Valley. The Huntington lab has main-tained state NELAC certification for water and A2LA accreditation for coal analysis for many years. Castle Valley’s coal and power companies maintain markets by reducing costs and producing de-pendable products. SGS Minerals joins the local industries’ efforts by offering tech-nically advanced laboratory servic-es and support. The Carbon-Emery area is home to a hard-working labor force and a business community supply-ing the state, the nation and coun-tries across the globe with qual-ity products, explained the testing company. SGS plans to continue to pro-vide cost-effective services to local governments and industry.A SGS employee analyzes coal samples. SGS also provides inspection, sampling, test-

ing and analytical services to the the mining industry.


Underground or deep mining methods account for around 40 per-cent of total coal production in the United States today. Although the majority of underground mines are less than 1,000 feet deep, several reach depths of about 2,000 feet. U.S. underground coal production facilities essentially fall into three basic categories: • Drift mine. This is a mine that has a horizontal entry to a coalbed seam in a hillside. • Slope mine. Entry to this kind of mine is inclined from the surface to the coalbed. • Shaft mine. This kind of a mine is equipped with elevators, which provides vertical access to a coalbed generally deeper than one reached by a slope mine. Four major processes are com-monly used in mining underground coal in the United States: longwall, continuous, conventional and short-wall, with continuous and convention-al being room-and-pillar systems. •Longwall mining. Mining via

a longwall has helped revolutionize underground coal production opera-tions in the past 30 years. Long walls now produce about 20 percent of the coal taken out of mines in the United States. In fact, longwall tonnage was slightly higher than continuous min-ing tonnage for the first time in history in 1994, and the trend has held true since then. A longwall is one giagantic ma-chine that can cover up to 600 feet of a coal seam. The unit basically holds up the ceiling (the overburden) while it mines the coal and then moves and lets the roof fail behind it. The longwall consists of a rotating drum, which is dragged mechanically back-and-forth across a wide coal seam. The loosened coal falls onto a long conveyor that removes it from the mine and onto waiting trans-portation or into large stock piles. Longwalls have continued to ad-vance with technology since their in-troduction three decades ago. Newer versions of the longwall employ sen-

Here it’s all about underground mining

(Continued on page 12) A continuous miner in operation.

Tools of the trade require more than juiceThese large receiving tanks hold compressed air that power various tools, instrumen-tation, valves, and other types of equipment that are used in the daily operation and maintenance of Rocky Mountain Power’s Hunter power plant near Castle Dale.

Value that continues beyond the sale.

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sors to detect how much coal remains in the seam being mined, as well as ro-botic controls to enhance efficiency. In general, longwalls can increase the average coal recoverability rate to as much as 80 percent, and they have had an important impact in helping to increase underground coal mine productivity. Largely because of long-walls, productivity in underground mines has increased dramatically since their introduction. • Continuous mining. This pro-cess still accounts for a significant amount of coal removed from deep mines. The production process utilizes a specialized cutting machine that mechanizes the extraction procedure: the continuous miner. The continuous mining machine tears the coal from a seam in the mine and automatically removes it from the area by conveyor. Remote-controlled continuous min-ers allow an operator to direct the machine from a distance, increas-ing safety. Although still utilized in stand-alone production operations,

Here it’s all about underground mining:continuous miners are increasingly employed for main mine entry and longwall panel development. Some underground coal facilities are hybrid operations, utilizing both longwall and continuous mining methods for coal production. When longwalls are not used, underground fossil fuel can be mined by the room-and-pillar system. Min-ing crews excavate a series of rooms into the coalbed and leave pillars or columns of coal to help support the mine roof. In this type of mining often nearly 40 percent of the coal must be left in the mine to support the roof. Long steel expansion bolts inserted into holes bored into the roof are also used for support. When production reaches the end of a “panel” the direc-tion of operations is usually reversed, with miners recovering as much coal as possible from the pillars as the roof is allowed to systematically col-lapse. • Conventional mining. The con-ventional coal production process is one of the oldest methods of mining

the fossil fuel, although the process is not as commonly used today as earlier in the 20th century. Conventional min-ing consists of a series of operations that begins with cutting the bed so the coal will break easily when blasted with explosives. Once the coal is blasted, the pieces are removed from the working sites. Conventional mining can be a practical and economical method in situations where seams are thin or the geology prevents the use of a long wall system or continuous mining machine. • Shortwall mining. Shortwall mining currently accounts for less

than one percent of annual deep mine production. It involves the use of a continuous mining machine and ac-companying movable roof supports. The continuous miner shears coal pan-els 150-200 feet wide and sometimes more than half-a-mile long. Once the shearing is done, coal is removed from underground mines by two basic methods: shuttle cars, which take coal to a central loading area in the mine and/or belt conveyors, which remove coal to the surface. In recent years, both the mobility and capacity of conveyor system has increased, helping to improve the ef-ficiency of coal removal.

(Continued from page 11)

Support the businesses that are

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Safety is our number-one priority at GWI every day. Since our crews are on and off equipment much more frequently in short line railroading and industrial switching, we’re proud that our safety record rivals the Class I railroads.Utah Railway Company operates freight service on owned track from Mohrland to Helper Terminal, UT (45 miles).

WYOMIN

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GENESEE

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Utah Railway Company1221 South Colorado Ave

Provo, UT 84606801-356-9163

Utah Railway Co.A G e n e s e e & W y o m i n g C o m p a n y

URC’s core business is the movement of coal. Our railroad has been an integral part of Utah’s coal industry, having transported more than 140 million tons of coal in its history. Today URC transports some 60,000 carloads of coal each year for movement to power plants and industrial customers.

URC has connections with BNSF and UP at Provo and Utah Railway Junction, as well as at Grand Junction, Colorado. We directly serve over 50 shippers of various sizes with volumes ranging from a single car to 100-car unit trains of commodity.

Our Rail Link employees loaded 360 million tons of Powder River Basin coal last year -- approximately 35% of all coal burned in America. Rail Link is the only contractor with a service product accepted by both Class I railroads in the Basin.

Customer service provided by highly skilled and dedicated employees has been the cornerstone of Utah Railway’s success over the years. We take pride in our can-do attitude toward exceeding our customers’ expectations and attracting new customers to the railroad.


for the long haulsolutions

Tel: 276.646.2004

USA - China - Mexico - Australia

Web: www.longwall.com

The cornerstone of any longwall mine is custom engineered and manufactured equipment designed to increase production and work in conjunction with each mines' unique and specific conditions.

Longwall Associates is the only OEM longwall conveyor manufacturer specializing exclusively in custom longwall conveyor systems. Since the company's inception Longwall Associates has built a remarkable reputation engineering and handcrafting custom equipment for mines across the USA, China, Mexico and Australia.

Whether integrating revolutionary safety features, extending equipment life, maximizing production while simultaneously reducing operating costs, or effectively mining low seam or high seam coal, the experts at Longwall Associates deliver custom high performance, consistent equipment to suit your precise requirements every time.

Customizing equipment is just one way Longwall Associates delivers solutions for the long haul, to you. Call us today to see why more top producing mines trust Longwall Associates to supply their equipment.

©2010 Longwall Associates Incorporated


The mining department at the College of Eastern Utah con-tinues to provide quality training throughout the state of Utah with over 130 companies a year partici-pating in the courses. The Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) has awarded the state of Utah a grant to help subsidize training for Utah’s miners. The CEU mining department is the state agency program responsible for miners’ health and safety training courses and programs designated to reduce mining accidents, injuries, and ill-nesses. CEU continues to support the program and recognizes its important roll to the community, industry and the state of Utah. Despite the economic slow-down, the mining department con-tinues to be a viable program at the College of Eastern Utah. The department trained over 1,860 stu-

dents accumulating about 3,900 hours in the classroom during the last grant year. Several types of mining operations such as coal, gold, copper, uranium and sand/gravel are among the list of busi-nesses that utilized this program. Over 130 participating com-panies, including businesses from outside the state, were trained and indicated they will be recurring customers. This year’s workload is expected to be about the same. The instructors teach on campus, at the energy training center, and on site. They traveled throughout the state as far north as Weber County and as far south as Wayne County. An ongoing alliance with the Custom Fit Training program helps Utah businesses with limited budgets. Custom Fit Training is available for qualifying businesses needing specialized or upgrade

Mining department continues quality training

(Continued on page 17) Miners are trained at a CEU mining department course.

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Reliability

Bucyrus works with you to boost your productivity. That’s our way ofdoing business. You would not expect anything less from Bucyrus.The news is we now rely on the accumulated experience of 300 yearsin the design and manufacturing of high productivity equipment forsurface and underground mining.

With Bucyrus you can rely on a global network of world-class servicewhich will support you in increasing your productivity – for the longrun. This is how we have been doing business for a long time. Nothing has changed. It is just getting better.

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on the Surface and Underground

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training such as 30 CFR Parts 46 and 48 annual refresher (surface and underground), mine rescue, electrical re-certification, surface and underground mine foreman and fireboss preparation; special emphasis safety training which includes classes in roof, back and ground control, powered haul-age, machinery safety, electrical safety, handling materials, slip and fall of persons, fall of rib, side or highwall, and handtools; MSHA approved instructor training, su-pervisory/management training; and 30 CFR Parts 46 and 48 entry level new miner training (surface and underground). Courses can be customized to fit students’ needs, helping with the expansion and revitalization of the company. This partnership allows the Mining Department to continue to offer low-cost, qual-

Mining department continues quality training:ity training, when, how, and where the businesses want it. Three dedicated full-time in-structors, in conjunction with ad-junct instructors and staff, deliver training to operators, miners, pro-spective miners, contractors, and others working on mine property. Instructors Dale Evans (Dept. Chairman), Randy Mabbutt and Steve Radmall are seasoned min-ers training miners with decades of experience that they share enthusi-astically with their students. Their humor and stories from personal experiences, along with well-equipped classrooms and up-to-date teaching materials, captures student’s attention and provides a positive, enjoyable learning expe-rience. Dedicated part-time staff con-tributes to the success that the mining department enjoys. Office coordinator, Trudy Sherman, pro-

vides office support to the depart-ment chairman, instructors, and students. Thanks to great technical sup-port from their part-time media and technical support specialist, Jesse Jensen, the staff and students have state-of-the-art computer labs equipped with excellent inter-active, competency-based training where students can learn at their own pace. The modern classrooms and teaching aids run with little in-terruption due to Jesse’s expertise. Working with other groups helps keep training at the highest standards. The mining department is an active member of the Rocky Mountain Mine Rescue Associa-tion and each year hosts the annual coal mine rescue contest. This will be the 34th year it has been held, showing the long-term commit-ment they have toward mine res-cue training. Steve Radmall is the lead in-structor who has traveled to sever-al mine sites to train teams on-site and in their underground environ-ment. During the winter months, he trains teams indoors at the energy training facility north of Helper. The old warehouse at the cen-ter is marked off with scaled-down entries and pillars, and mine rescue teams are given a recue problem to practice and hone their skills for contests and actual emergency situations in a heated or air condi-

tioned environment. Teams have access to a mod-ern well-equipped mine rescue room for apparatus preparation, care and maintenance. The department continues to work with the Utah Labor Com-mission and enjoys the associa-tion. They work hard together to ensure that the miner certifica-tion program is done at the high-est standards and meets the needs of the mining industry. The close association with MSHA’s educa-tional fields service specialists is critical to the program’s success. The state’s grant program operates under their guidelines to ensure the safety and health training is done to the utmost standards. They host workshops throughout the year held by the Miner’s Hospital and many other groups interested in educating Utah miners. The CEU Mining Department is a part of the Division of Work-force Education which is under the direction of Miles Nielson, Asso-ciate Vice President. Information is available by contacting the Mining Department at the College of Eastern Utah by calling 435-472-4736 or 472-4738 or e-mailing [email protected] or [email protected]. For Custom Fit Training infor-mation Utah businesses may call Bill Vande Sluis (435) 613-5460 or e-mail: [email protected].


Ben Mead learns at a training station using an interactive module.

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By Richard Shaw

The economy has taken its toll on Utah coal production in the last year and new figures support the fact that the decline could go deeper in 2010 as well. The view is also different for the three coun-ties that produce any measurable amount of coal in the state. Initial figures show that pro-duction in 2009 for Carbon Coun-ty was 9,365 thousand short tons. This compares to 11,533 thousand short tons in 2008. The most the county has ever produced since records was kept passed out of mines in 2007 when 11,811 thou-sand short tons were produced. For Emery County the drop was much less. In 2009 figures show that the county produced 5,704 thousand short tons, which recording 5,796 in 2008. Emery’s coal production has been going

Local coal production down from 2008 totalsdown for years since it hit its height in 1994 when the county turned out 17,334 thousand short tons. Sevier County production also fell between 2008 and 2009. In 2008 the Sufco Mine (the only mine in Sevier) produced 6,946 thousand short tons while in 2009 that dropped to 6748. The most the county ever produced was 7,908 in 2006. The total production for Utah in 2009 was 21,717 thousand short tons. Nationally that quali-fies Utah as the 14th biggest coal producer in the United States. Wyoming continues to be the larg-est producer of coal in the coun-try with 464,143 thousand short tons (2008 figures). While Utah has all underground mines (nine of them) the cowboy state has only one, but instead has 19 sur-

(Continued on page 20)At times this past year Wildcat Loadout in along Consumers Road stood idle as did some other coal facilities in the area this year. The total tonnage produced was down.

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Local coal production down from record 2008:face mines, one of them one of the largest in the world. Other states that are in the 13 places ahead of Utah in terms of production include West Virginia (second), Montana (fifth), Colorado (ninth) and New Mexico (12th). The coal produced in Utah is transported to users in three differ-ent ways; truck, rail and conveyer. In 2008 14,426 thousand short tons were transported by rail, 7,335 thousand short tons by truck and 3,097 thousand short tons by conveyer. At the present time no coal from Utah is being shipped on water by any means. Utah coal that is produced is used for a number of purposes with the largest amount of coal being consumed by electrical generation (in 2008 21,648 thou-sand short tons). Industrial use consumes 3,227 thousand short

tons and residential and commer-cial consumers use nine thousand short tons. While coal is for all purpose produced only in three counties, the largest recoverable reserves of coal lie in Kane County where it is estimated 8,025.5 million short tons of coal lay under the ground. This coal has not been developed and it appears that it will not be because 99 percent of it lies with-in the boundaries of the Escalante Staircase National Monument. Recoverable reserves in East-ern Utah include 1,007.1 million short tons in Emery County, 988.6 million short tons in Carbon and 889.9 million short tons in Sevier County. These coal deposits lay in a number of coal fields on which mineral rights are divided largely in favor of the federal government (the U.S. government owns near-ly 80 of the land in Eastern Utah).

The mineral rights land ownership on the Wasatch Plateau is divided 75 percent federal, 24 percent by the state and one percent private. In Salina Canyon land above re-serves takes a 68/32 federal to state split. In Emery private land has a large impact by Utah stan-dards with land over 9 percent of the reserves, while the state has 23 percent and the feds retain 68 percent. The land that has the least amount of federal ownership is the Bookcliffs, where they own 61 percent and the state has 30 percent. The rest is private land.

The gross money that coal brings into Utah depends year to year on the price of the black rock. In 2008 the average price per short ton was $27.68. Prelimi-nary estimates are that in 2009 the price rose to around $29. Conse-quently in 2008 coal produced in the state brought in $672 million. Estimates are that in 2009 the coals produced value was $629.8 million.

(The source for this article was the Utah Geological Survey).


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Questar Transportation Ser-vices (QTSC), a subsidiary of Salt Lake City-based Questar Pipeline (QPC), has been operating a new natural gas-processing plant near Price since last summer. Named in honor of a locally discovered dinosaur, the Price Rap-tor Processing Plant was built ad-jacent to QPC’s existing main line 104, an interstate pipeline north of Price. The plant has a processing capacity of up to 120 million cubic feet per day of natural gas. It was designed to help QPC meet hydrocarbon dewpoint tar-iff requirements for volumes de-livered via main line 104 to Kern River Pipeline’s receipt point near Goshen. According to Jack Ahern, the QPC engineer who oversaw con-struction of the plant, the Raptor plant operates “basically, like a very complex refrigerator.” Using propane as a refrigerant, he ex-

plained, the plant chills gas from main line 104 to as low as minus-30 degrees Fahrenheit. The lower temperature causes the heavier hy-drocarbons in the gas stream, such as propane, butane and ethane, to condense. In their liquid state, these heavier hydrocarbons can be “stripped” (or removed) from the gas stream, transferred to a stabi-lizing system, and then stored in pressurized tanks. The remaining “residue” gas stream, with its hy-drocarbon dewpoint now signifi-

cantly reduced, is blended with richer, unprocessed gas to produce a combined stream meeting the hydrocarbon dewpoint required by Kern River at the Goshen Tap. Prior to constructing the Raptor plant, QTSC leased three portable chiller units to process gas deliv-ered to Kern River. The Raptor plant can recover up to 700 barrels (about 30,000 gal-lons) of liquid hydrocarbons per day, which are then sold to local companies for further processing

Questar’s new gas plant named for dinosaurand resale to retailers such as pro-pane dealers. QTSC began designing the Raptor plant in the spring of 2008 and started construction in April 2009. QTSC began operating the plant last August. Allan Bradley, QPC president and CEO, praised the Raptor Plant project team’s execution saying, “The Raptor Plant was completed 45 days ahead of its anticipated Oct. 1 in-service date and at a cost that was under budget,” said Bradley.

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For more than 36 years, Nelco has fulfilled the construc-tion needs of communities in the Castle Country area and has truly become the area’s “preferred con-tractor.” Neil Frandsen founded Nelco in 1973 with a clear aspira-tion of being an exceptionally reli-able and quality contractor. Nelco began as a small con-tracting firm performing primar-ily excavation work for residen-tial homeowners and developers. Residential site and utility work continues to remain one of Nel-co’s key specialties. By 1980 Nel-co was taking on increasingly larger jobs involving trucking and heavy excavation. The early ‘80s marked Nelco’s entrance into the energy industry where they have become highly specialized as a support contractor for the area’s coal and natural gas production companies, building new sites,

pipelines, roads, performing recla-mation work, etc. In behalf of the energy industry, Nelco has exca-vated hundreds of miles of trench for pipelines, built hundreds of miles of road, excavated untold volumes of earth for sites, hauled millions of barrels of water, and much more. In 1991, with the purchase of their first screening plant and thus entering the aggregate pro-duction business, Nelco became a full service contractor capable of completing large heavy construc-tion projects. Today Nelco’s ag-gregate production operation pro-duces a wide range of high quality, crushed-to-spec aggregates that are used for their projects and are also sold to customers. Nelco has multiple quarries in the area with stockpiles ranging from screened pea gravel to large landscaping

Nelco is about four decades of local service


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boulders – all ready for sale. Nelco experienced a great pe-riod of growth during the ‘90s as they adapted to meet the mount-ing needs of their valued custom-ers. The growth Nelco was ex-periencing initiated Larry Jensen becoming Neil’s partner in 1994. Larry had been a trusted and key employee of Nelco since 1975, and was tremendously influential in developing the company’s ex-cellent reputation. Neil and Larry continue to own and operate the business. The new century is bringing new and exciting opportunities to Nelco. In 2005, having out-grown their old location due to the growth of the company, it be-came necessary for the company to build a new headquarters a few miles south of Price on state high-way 10. This first rate, 20-acre lo-

Nelco is about four decades of local service:cation includes a large fleet main-tenance, welding and machine shop, a large office building, and plenty of room for storage and parking of the company’s fleet of more than 200 trucks, trail-ers, and heavy equipment. Since 2002, while continuing their oth-er specialty work, Nelco has de-veloped another area of expertise in commercial site work and has performed site work for a large number of new business and mu-nicipal buildings in the area. No job is too big or too small for Nelco to give their best work to perform. Every team member at Nelco is dedicated to being the best at what they do. This company mentality has made Nelco “Castle Country’s preferred contractor.” Nelco’s customers are pleased to refer Nelco’s services to others. Due to Nelco’s exceptional work, some customers even—time and

time again—ask Nelco to fol-low them outside of the area to carry out their construction work. Nelco’s highly skilled and expe-

(Continued from page 22) rienced management team and crews are eager to do whatever it takes to get the job done right, on time and within their budget.

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By Richard Shaw

While a lot of coalbed methane gas is produced south of the Book-cliffs in Utah, it is the Uintah Basin which knocks the socks off produc-tion in the state. The basin sits on gas deposits of associated and non-associated gas that are huge. In 2008 Uintah County produced 273,253,486 thousand cubic feet of natural gas. Carbon was second in the state with 94,546,746 thousand feet of gas, much of which is coal bed methane. Duchesne County was third in the state with 26,575,078 thousand cubic feet of gas production while Em-ery came in fourth with 16,703,949 thousand feet of coalbed methane. As a state, Utah (in 2008) had a total of 6,643 billion cubic feet of known reserves. Utah is eighth in the nation in gas production with Texas having the largest reserves at 77,546 billion cubic feet.

Gas production dominated by Uintah BasinThe producing fields in the Car-

bon – Emery area include Drunk-erd’s Wash (49,378,444 thousand cubic feet), Nine Mile (20,970,638 thousand cubic feet), Peters Point (14,313,577 thousand cubic feet), Helper (13,735,819 thousand cubic feet) and the Buzzard Bench field in Emery County (9,989,197 thousand cubic feet). Mineral rights held by owners of land above gas deposits is impor-tant. The federal government owns the majority of the land in Utah, so their cut of the natural gas is larger than other groups with 285,342 mil-lion cubic feet of production in 2008. The state had a production from its lands of 93,762 million cubic feet. Native American lands within the state had a production of 28,869 mil-lion square feet.

(The source for this article was the Utah Geological Survey). A gas drill derrick stands tall during drilling operations for natural gas.

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By Richard Shaw

It’s hard to believe in this day and age of high energy prices and in times when energy seems to be in shorter and shorter supply from year to year that natural gas was once considered a nuisance. When people began looking for oil to fuel cars and machines, and to lubricate what was rapidly becoming a modern society, gas often accompanied oil deposits. That gas was part of what brought the oil to the surface once it was struck, but developers saw it as a problem. In the early days of pe-troleum development, probably billions of cubic feet of gas were burned off to get rid of it. Today it has become a valued commodity. Oil wells with gas are often utilized for both forms of en-ergy. The gas that comes with oil is called associated gas. But while

gas can be good in this day of en-ergy capture and use, not all gas it created equal either. Underground natural gas ex-ists in many different kinds of forms and in many different kinds of deposits. And where it naturally occurs is not only important, it is problematic. Gas falls into two categories in terms of extraction – conventional gas and unconven-tional gas. Generally, conventional natu-ral gas deposits are the most prac-tical, and easiest, deposits to re-move from the ground. However, as technology and geology grows as a science, unconventional natu-ral gas deposits are beginning to become more viable as a practical supply. Because of these changes, what unconventional gas is, is difficult define because basically the target

Types of gas important to extraction process

(Continued on page 38) One of the operators on a gas drill derrick.

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By Richard Shaw

Not many years ago the Unit-ed States defense department en-visioned fighter planes and bomb-ers that could take the fight to the enemy without endangering a pilot’s life. Even as late as the late 1980s that still seemed the fabric of science fiction. Today drones in Afganistan regularly take off and target enemy leaders and fighters with bombs and missiles as the pilots watch through a screen while they sit at an airbase in Nevada. Drones can stay in the air, high above enemy targets for hours and hours, while a pilot sits back, has a cup of cof-fee, or even hands off the duties of the mission to another pilot be-cause it is time for him to go home because his shift is over. If this kind of technology can be used to fight a war, in a far off

land, people have reasoned, why can’t this technology be used to mine under the ground, making life safer and better for those who would venture under to get min-erals, gems and yes, coal to power the world? When the continuous miner was invented in the 1940s, coal mining took a large step forward. Not only could a lot more coal be extracted from the mine at once, but with remote controls, operators could stand in back of the machine and stay out of the way for roof falls and side tunnel blow outs. Longwalls even took this en-tire idea ten steps farther, by cut-ting back the number of people needed underground and almost continually mining with little hu-man assistance. But still min-ers need to be there; deep in the

Is the future set for robotic coal miners?


A longwall machine in operation in a coal mine. As mines become more automated robotics will become a bigger and bigger part of coal mining. The process began with the invention of the continuous miner and has resulted in various developments over the years, now culminating in the huge machines that grind away at a seam of coal several hundred feet long.

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By David Anderson and Richard Shaw

Does the experience that Sevier County has been hav-ing over a 270 (MW) mega-watt power plant bode poorly for the future of coal generated power plants? That question can only be answered as the plans to build that plant near Sigurd con-tinue, now with a new twist. That twist being natural gas. The plant’s planners are think-ing of converting the plant to methane power because opposition of some locals and environmental groups have basically halted the coal gen-eration idea. The plant is to be built by NEVCO Energy Company and has been in the planning

Does Sevier experience set stage for future?


Proposed View

This rendering shows what the proposed Nevco power plant would look like once it is built near Sigurd. The smoke stack on the power plant is planned to be 460 feet high. In comparison, the height of the radio towers at KSVC and KCQY in Richfield – shown red – are about 300 feet high.

PHOTO ILLUSTRATION RICHFIELD REAPER

PRICEC I T Y

Price City Electric Power

Price City Elected Officials: (left to right)Councilmember Rick Davis

Councilmember Jeanne McEvoy,Mayor Joe L. Piccolo,

Councilmember Richard Tatton,Councilmember Kathy Hanna-Smith

Councilmember Jeff Nielson

Price City is proud to provide dependable electrical power to its residents. Remember the following power conservation and cost saving tips:1. Use low consumption fl uorescent bulbs with electronic ballasts;2. Properly insulate homes and businesses for all weather conditions;3. Use natural ambient light when available;4. Business should avoid demand spikes that increase use and costs.

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By Kevin Scannell

Coal has been considered to be the workhorse of man for centuries, possibly thousands of years. It has been burned in fireplaces and stoves to produce heat in liv-ing spaces and in business settings. While it is used on a small scale to heat homes, coal is also used for other kinds of industrial production such as to produce paper and in the cement and man-made stone in-dustry. The largest single consumer of coal in the world is as a fuel for power plants, and since the begin-ning of World War II, the amount of coal used for generating electricity has doubled each decade. With this history in mind, how will our future be affected by coal? That is one of the major ques-tions currently facing the U.S. at this time. And the answer to the

The future of coal and technologyquestion is not as easy as it seems. Coal contributes a lot to the world, especially here in the U.S., and trying to move away from it to focus on other sources doesn’t seem to be happening anytime soon – not with the knowledge that coal reserves in the U.S. are currently projected to last for at least another 200 years. Utah generates a significant amount of electricity from locally supplied coal, providing the power market with distinct supply advan-tages and enabling residents to en-joy low energy costs. In fact, coal constitutes the most widely distrib-uted fossil fuel in the world and 92 percent of that coal is used to generate electrical power, provid-ing approximately one-half of the electricity in the U.S. In Utah, coal alone generates about 90 percent of


A Rocky Mountain Power employee tests water samples for usability at a power plant in Castle Valley. Coal’s importance, as well as the technology that drives it, continue to develop as time goes on.

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By Carolyn Campbell

Utah is fortunate to have abun-dant and diverse energy resources, according to Jason Berry, Manager, Utah State Energy Program. “There is an enormous potential to meet our demand for power,” he said. To promote and identify Utah’s util-ity-scale electrical renewable en-ergy resources, former Governor Huntsman commissioned the Utah Renewable Energy Zones (UREZ) Task Force to identify Utah’s geo-graphical areas where renewable energy development could occur. The task force assessed the elec-trical generation potential of wind, solar, and geothermal technologies. They also identified new and exist-ing transmission needed to bring re-newable energy generation sources to market. The task force study iden-tified renewable energy zones in

Renewable energy pros and consUtah totaling approximately 13,262 square miles, with an estimated 837 gigawatts of electrical generating capacity. One gigawatt equals 1,000 megawatts. One megawatt sup-plies enough energy to meet the electrical needs of approximately 750 Utah homes at any given mo-ment. The UREZ task force’s goal is to promote the development of renewable energy resources to meet the goal of supplying 20 percent of Utah’s electricity through renew-able sources by 2026. Utah’s renewable electric ca-pacity is dominated by hydroelec-tric power. “Hydro electric power makes up the majority of Utah’s renewable energy, through small hydroelectric power plants along the Wasatch Front and further down on the Wasatch plateau,” Berry ex-


These wind mills, located at the mouth of Spanish Fork Canyon, are a part of Utah’s effort to embrace renewable energy sources.


CONSOL Energy, Inc. has made its second $250,000 donation to sup-port the $1.5 million Western Mining Presidential Chair in Mine Safety in the University of Utah’s department of Mining Engineering. The donation – which brings the endowment to nearly $1 million – was presented to University of Utah offi-cials last week by CONSOL by Bart Hyita, vice president and chief operat-ing officer of CONSOL. The Chair in Mine Safety was es-tablished in 2009, with CONSOL En-ergy and Barrick Gold North America as key contributors. Since then, dona-tions have been received from Rio Tinto Kennecott, Rocky Mountain Power, Arch Coal, Intermountain Elec-tronics, John T. Boyd & Co., and many alumni of the Department of Mining Engineering. “We’re really grateful for CON-SOL’s leadership in establishing and supporting the safety chair,” said Pro-fessor Mike Nelson, chair of the Depart-ment of Mining Engineering. “We’ll soon be able to hire a faculty member who can educate our students in mine safety, and who will also take the lead in establishing a center for promotion and establishment of progressive and

Consol Energy donates to safety

effective safety and health systems in the mining industry, through educa-tion, outreach, research, advocacy and development.” CONSOL Energy Inc. (NYSE: CNX) is the largest producer of high-BTU bituminous coal in the United States. Named one of America’s most admired companies by Fortune maga-zine, CONSOL Energy has evolved from a single-fuel mining company

er. CONSOL operates 18 coal mining complexes in six states, including the Emery mine near Emery Town.

CONSOL Energy, Inc. officials have made a second donation of $250,000 to the University of Utah Department of Mining Engineering to help fund a professorship in mine safety. From left to right: Bart Hyita, CONSOL chief operating officer for coal; Jimmy Brock, CONSOL senior vice president for northern West Virginia; Gary Takenaka, CONSOL general manager for applied improvements; Mike Nelson, chair of mining engineering at the University of Utah; and Frank Brown, dean of the College of Mines and Earth Sciences, University of Utah.

PHOTO BY TOM NELSON

into a multi-energy producer of high-BTU coal and gas. Together, coal and gas fuel two-thirds of the nation’s pow-

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plains. “A major one is the Flaming Gorge hydroelectric power plant.” There are also increasing amounts of energy from geothermal power within the state. Raser Technolo-gies plans to build several more 10 megawatt scale geothermal plants in southwestern Utah. The 203-mega-watt Milford wind farm came on-line in late 2009. The biomass por-tion of Utah’s renewable energy is mainly from Wasatch Front landfill gas operations, according to Berry. He adds that the SunSmart solar ar-ray in St George is Utah’s first util-ity-owned solar installation. Alternative energy is derived from any renewable energy source other than fossil fuels, such as coal and oil. “Alternative energy” is an umbrella term that refers to any us-able energy source that is intended to

Renewable energy pros and cons:replace fuel sources without the un-desired consequences of the replaced fuels. “A big benefit to renewable energy is that there is no cost once the project is developed,” Berry said. “We don’t have to pay for the wind to blow or the sun to shine.” Renewable energy is also con-sidered clean, because it isn’t taken from fossil fuels and is a product of sources that do not use up natural resources or harm the environment. Biomass energy, solar energy, wind energy, tidal energy and hydroelec-tric energy are all examples of types of alternative energy. According to Western Resource Advocates’ Renewable Energy Atlas of the West, Utah’s biomass resource potential for electric-ity generation is approximately one million megawatt hours annually. As of 2006, Utah was producing


(Continued from page 29) 4,000 megawatt hours of electric-ity from biomass. According to the Biomass Task Force report from the Western Governors Association, biomass has the potential to supply 15,000 megawatts of electricity to the Western states by the year 2015. At a production cost of 8 cents per kilowatt hour, 10,000 megawatts could be provided. Biomass energy is composed of organic material obtained main-ly from plants and animals. It may consist of fermented animal waste, agricultural crops, grains and other natural products. Biomass materials have the potential to supply 15 times more energy than that produced by the sun and wind. Heat and electric-ity are generated during biomass energy production. It can be used to produce an alcohol is that is com-parable to coal and can be used to replace our current gasoline needs.

A natural gas called biogas and biofuel are products obtained from biomass energy. Biomass briquettes produce electricity. According to Utah Clean Ener-gy, a volunteer-based public interest group that serves as an independent resource for clean energy policy, regulatory, and consumer informa-tion, biomass projects can strengthen rural economies, and, in some cases, provide additional income to farmers and ranchers. In rural areas, people use biomass as a source of heat for cooking and heating purposes. Anaerobic digestion systems can provide farms and ranchers with a viable means for reducing waste streams and generating onsite en-ergy and/or fuels. Biomass energy helps in solid waste management by reducing pollution. Daily incinera-tion of biological wastes cuts down

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the levels of expulsion into the at-mosphere, helping to maintain an ecological balance of carbon pres-ent in the environment. The elec-tricity generated from biomass is much cleaner than that obtained from fossil fuels. The concept of biomass has been known to man since the time our forefathers began using it as an energy source. Because there is an abundance of organic waste and agricultural waste generated every day, and because biomass energy is produced from these wastes, it is an easily available, inexhaustible resource. It is also cost effective, because it is usually generated and supplied in the same area, so that the installation of large pipelines is not required. One drawback to biomass ener-gy is the cost of raw biomass mate-

Renewable energy pros and cons:rials. In comparison to fossil fuel as far as being a ready-to-use product, biomass energy carries additional processing costs. The process of extraction – collecting, harvesting and storing raw biomass materials – is expensive, especially consid-ering the large volumes required compared to fossil fuels. “The woody biomass from Utah’s forests is resource-expensive, because you have to pull it out and then truck it somewhere. It involves driving truckloads of wood for miles,” Ber-ry said. Too, the extra costs extend to installing technology to process and recycle wastes from biomass materials. Compacting, chipping, shredding or cutting huge volumes of biomass is often necessary. For small biomass plants, such cleaning technology may not be economi-cally feasible.



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By Kevin Scannell

Coal is considered, by some, to be the cheapest, most abundant source of power available in the United States. With the research that shows coal providing about 50 percent of the U.S. electricity needs and the U.S. having enough coal for the next 200 years, it can be as-sumed that coal will play a part in the country’s future. But with the prices and avail-ability of oil becoming future con-cerns, the push for more renewable and reliable energy sources has been brought back to the forefront. The energy concerns are bringing about a renewed interest in technologies such as methanization, liquefaction and gasification. The National Energy Technol-ogy Laboratory (NETL) describes

Growing gasification slated for futurethe gasification process as a process for the conversion of carbon-based materials (feedstock) such as coal into synthesis gas (syngas) that can be converted to separate hydrogen and carbon dioxide gas streams as a way to make clean electricity while preventing the release of carbon dioxide. One goal of the NETL’s program is to be able to sequester 90 percent of the carbon from coal with minimal impact to the cost of electricity. Coal gasification can also con-vert coal into transportation fuels like gasoline and diesel through the Fischer-Tropsch process. Also the hydrogen obtained from gasifica-tion can be used for various pur-poses such as powering a hydrogen economy, making ammonia or up-grading fossil fuels.


Coal, such as is heaped up near Dugout Mine, can be made into natural gas or into motor fuel through processes developed a long time ago. Cost, resources to do it and now enviromental questions, however, have prevented that from happening to any meaningful degree as of yet.


There are four coal gasification plants currently in the U.S., but none of them produce fuels. Two of the plants pro-duce electricity: The Wabash River Plant in West Terra Haute, Ind., and Tampa Electric’s Polk Station located near Mulberry, Fla. The other two plants produce chemicals: The Great Plains Synfuels Plant near Beulah, N.D. and the Tennessee Eastman Kingsport Power Plant in Kingsport, Tenn. The Great Plains Synfuels Plant pro-duces pipeline-quality synthetic natu-ral gas and related products and is con-sidered to be the cleanest energy plant operating in the state of North Dakota. Some other interesting facts about the plant listed on the Web site include: Average daily production of natural gas is about 153 million cubic feet, the majority of which is

Growing gasification slated for future:then piped to Ventura, IA for distri-bution in the eastern U.S. The Synfuels Plant supplies carbon dioxide to the world’s larg-est carbon capture and storage proj-ect in the world in Saskatchewan, Canada. Dakota Gas currently cap-tures about 2.8 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. The $2.1 billion plant began op-erating in 1984. Using Lurgi gasifiers, the Synfuels Plant gasifies lignite coal to produce valuable gases and liquids. About $400 million has been invested in the Synfuels Plant since 1988 to achieve environmental com-pliance, improve efficiency and in-vest in new byproduct development. With worldwide gasification ca-pacity projected to grow 70 percent by 2015 – with 80 percent of the growth occurring in Asia, Tom Sarkus, dep- (Continued on page 45)

(Continued from page 36) uty director of the Office of Major Demonstrations with the NETL, said that one ton of coal equals about two barrels of oil and has other associated costs that go with it. With the appe-tite for energy growing all over the world, he thinks gasification of coal is an interesting, but very costly, way of getting energy sources. It can cost anywhere between $70 to $90 a barrel to make gasoline from coal, according to Sarkus. “Energy appetite and consump-tion has grown over time,” Sarkus said. “There is going to be a lot of financial heavy lifting that needs to be done. You can’t snap your finger and just have all of these things be done so quickly.” Sarkus said that the country of South Africa has about 40 percent of their gasoline derived from coal. Another fuel that can be derived

from coal is jet fuel, which is made from coal and petroleum. With the large coal reserves available inside of the country, Sarkus believes that building more synthetic fuel plants would benefit the country in more than a few ways. “The price of oil would cause rea-son to build plants or not,” Sarkus said. “Questions in the future we need to an-swer are how many plants would need to be built and what would the total cost be. But by building a few plants we could be sending a signal to oil producing countries, possibly creating an insurance policy for the future.” Three things that can come from the gasification process include chemicals, fuels and electricity with integrated gasification combined cy-cle (IGCC), according to Sarkus.


keeps moving. What was uncon-ventional last year, may through some process, become conventional gas tomorrow. In general terms, un-conventional natural gas is gas that is gas that is more difficult to extract from the ground, and because of that is more expensive, sometimes to the point of being un-economical. So what is considered uncon-ventional natural gas changes over time, and even from gas field to gas field? The costs of gas extraction plays a part in determining whether or not a particular deposit may be unconventional, or simply too cost-ly to extract. Overall, there are six basic cat-egories of unconventional natural gas. These types include deep gas, tight gas, gas-containing shales (stone that holds gas), coalbed methane, geopressurized zones, and sub-sea hydrates.

Types of gas important to extraction process:(Continued from page 25) • Deep natural gas is natural gas

that exists in deposits very far under-ground, beyond what is termed ‘con-ventional’ drilling depths. This gas is often 15,000 feet or deeper. This is much deeper than conventional gas deposits, which are usually only 3,000-4,000 feet underground. The gas in the West Tavaputs Field near Nine Mile Canyon, for example, is considered deep gas. However, deep gas has become more conventional. Exploration, and extraction systems have sub-stantially improved in the last 10 years, making drilling for this type of gas cost effective. Producing it to make a profit lies in many factors that must be considered before drill-ing. Tight gas is natural gas that exists in very tight formations un-derground, trapped in hard rock, in sandstone or limestone formations that are highly impermeable and

non-porous. It takes a lot of effort to extract gas from a tight formation. Several technologies exist that al-low natural gas to be extracted from tight formations, including fractur-ing and acidizing. Cost, however, can be high. Tight gas makes up a large portion of the nation’s natural gas reserves. Government agencies estimate that between 15-20 percent of the gas that could be used for practical purposes is tight gas. • Shale gas also is unconven-tional gas. Shales were created from the mud of shallow seas that ex-isted about 300 million years ago. Shale is a sedimentary rock, which can crumble and sheets into thin, parallel layers. It is a soft rock, but doesn’t break down when exposed to moisture. Shale can contain gas between layers, but it is very hard to remove and thus expensive. With present technology removing gas from shale is a dicey proposition be-cause so little comes out with pres-ent technology. Again as processes improve, however, it could become a valuable source of gas sometime in the future. • Coal can also create natural gas called coalbed methane. That is the kind of gas that is being pro-duced by the wells drilled in Car-bon and Emery counties. Coalbed methane is trapped underground. It can be released by either mining activity or by drilling. This gas has always been a problem for the min-ing industry, except unlike with oil, its danger was much higher and has caused a myriad of casualties over the years because of explosions. Coalbed methane could be a large supplier of natural gas for consumer use with this kind of gas being about eight percent of total reserves. • Geo-pressured gas. Geo-pres-surized zones are formed by layers of clay that are deposited and com-pacted very quickly on top of more porous, absorbent material such as sand or silt. Natural gas is present

in the clay and that gas is squeezed out by the rapid compression of the clay. This gas enters the more po-rous sand or silt deposits. This natu-ral gas, due to the compression of the clay, is deposited in the sand or silt. Geo-pressure zones are located at great depths between two and four miles down in the Earth. All this makes removing the gas very complicated and of course expen-sive. While exact estimates of the amount of this kind of gas that ex-ists vary, it appears it may be one of the largest sources of gas available to U.S. suppliers. • Methane hydrates were just re-cently discovered as a source of nat-ural gas. In these formations, water is frozen around methane, which en-cases it in a kind of cage. While new to the energy supply, these hydrates may contain more gas than at first believed. However, new discoveries often had downsides that come out in environmental factors. Research on this type of natural gas deposit is now underway. Obviously the world is running out of the easy gas to extract, and these unconventional sources are part of the world’s energy future.

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Another disadvantage of bio-mass energy is the greenhouse gases that are produced when bio-mass is burned, said author Erik Leipoldt, who frequently address-es environmental issues. Exhaust gas-cleaning technology must be applied to biomass energy plants to make them truly environmen-tally friendly. “Utah’s woody biomass does put out some emis-sions; there would be an air qual-ity issue,” says Berry. Setting up a biomass power plant also requires huge space and the recycling of wastes requires a large amount of water. Moreover, biomass energy depends largely on grown crops. “These crops will take up huge tracts of land if biofuels are to replace fossil fuels to a signifi-cant extent. The land might also re-quire deforestation to clear it first,”

Renewable energy pros and cons:indicated Leipolt. Such land is also needed for feeding Earth’s growing population of billions of people. As another alternative energy possibility, Utah’s solar resources are clearly abundant. Utah has a tre-mendous and largely untapped solar resource, and the potential for solar development is widespread across the state, according to Utah Clean Energy. The UREZ task force iden-tified 6,371 square miles of land with a theoretical potential of about 826 gigawatts of utility-scale ca-pacity in solar energy. According to the UREZ’s report, this amount of concentrating solar potential could generate over 1.5 million gigawatt hours per year – equivalent to the annual electricity demand of over 150 million average Utah homes. According to Utah Clean Energy, utility-scale solar also has the abil-ity to stimulate needed economic (Continued on page 46)

(Continued from page 33) development in the state; for exam-ple a 100 megawatt concentrating solar power plant has the potential to create over 1,000 new jobs and generate $370 million in private in-vestment. Solar energy comes from the sun, the greatest source of energy known today. It is a free source of efficient energy. It is also a renew-able resource. As long as the sun exists, its energy will reach Earth. Solar energy is one of the fastest growing energy resources in the world, providing an inexhaustible and clean source of electricity and heat. Solar’s primary benefit is its ability to provide “peak power” during the hot summer months, supporting potentially strained electricity grids and reducing the need to bring on new peaking capacity. It releases no water or air pollution because there is no

chemical reaction from the com-bustion of fuels. Solar energy can be used very frequently for practi-cal uses, such as heating and light-ing. There is a possibility that so-lar power can replace traditional electricity sources in many places, especially where there is abundant sunshine. But, on the other hand, solar power does not produce energy if the sun is not shining. Nighttime and cloudy days seriously limit the amount of energy produced. In ad-dition, solar power stations can be very expensive to build. And, un-fortunately, not all places are ideal for solar power. Wind power is the conversion of wind energy using wind turbines, which transforms the kinetic energy into mechanical power. Utah’s ex-treme diversity in landscape and

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Is the future set for robotic coal miners:ground, under tons of rock, risking their lives. In the last ten years, develop-ments have taken place that may put the mining industry where those drones over Afganistan fly today, technology wise – at a day when a miner can sit above ground and totally run a machine that will dig out the coal, load it and bring it to the surface without a human being touching it. And it may be much closer than many think. One of the first mining robots was developed eight years ago at Carnegie-Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called “Groundhog” and it looked like a four-wheeler. It used lasers to “see” in dark tunnels and to map abandoned mines – some of the most dangerous work, according to experts. During a test research-ers sent “Groundhog” into an abandoned mine in Pennsylvania where it slogged deep into the or-ange muck, successfully navigat-ing with its laser rangefinders. If nothing else, the idea of us-ing unmanned vehicles – or robots – to go into mines where condi-tions are dangerous, or to rescue people, has been one of the main objectives of researchers. In 2005, a robot went into a Kentucky coal mine that had been producing acid-type smoke and heat. The underground passage to the mine could not be traversed by a hu-man without special gear. It was the first time a robot was sent into a coal mine ahead of humans to check the situation and to see if it was safe. Using robots in rescue operations can be complicated however. The lasers that guide ro-bots don’t work well in smoky or misty environments. Scientists are working on using sonar and radar to overcome these problems. Mines around the world are already testing various kinds of

technologies to remove coal from deep under the ground without a human presence. For instance, in Korea mining fields are likely to see a new cadre of remote-con-trolled robotic coal-miners by about 2014. The state-run Korea Coal Corp. (KOCOAL) signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) a couple of years ago with three Korean engineering institu-tions and companies for the devel-opment of intelligent coal-mining robots. It is thought that these ro-bots will increase productivity by working around the clock and go-ing deeper into the ground than hu-mans can safely go. The company has research teams that will be working with the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technol-ogy and a Korean university that will jointly work on the project. Once the miners are developed and tested for about half a year they are expected to be in place, actually mining coal, not just do-ing rescue or dangerous work. The U.S. mining industry, however, has shown little interest in funding such research until very recently. Robots are expensive, and developing them for the exact purposes needed make them even more so. Advances in other tech-nology have already reduced the number of miners in the U.S. by 68 percent over the last 40 years. Today, nationwide, about 100,000 people work in the coal-mining in-dustry, so the incentive may not be there as much as it once was. Safe-ty, one of the biggest reasons to consider robots, has also changed a lot over the years. Since around 1990, fatalities have declined by 67 percent, and injuries by 51 per-cent, according to the National Mining Association. Certainly some of it is a ques-tion of money. Could robots be that much more efficient than a

human being that their cost would be worth what it may be. The in-dustry is talking about hundreds of millions of dollars, maybe even into the billions range to make ma-chines that are viable and durable enough to stand the circumstances in wet, dusty and danger-filled mines. And in today’s depressed economy, where no one is sure which direction economic condi-tions are headed, with coal under fire from environmentalists and even governments like never be-fore, and with federal funding for such research drying up, the ques-

(Continued from page 26) tions of whether to mechanize more or not is larger than ever. Finally there is also a down-side, as there is with any techno-logical development. The coal in-dustry, man-power wise, is already a skeleton of what it was 50 years ago due to technological advanc-es. Eliminating most people com-pletely from a mine would bring the number of people running it down considerably. And with steel hands and claws actually pulling the black material out of the ground, it could be the end of a profession and an era.

By Mary Bernard

In October, Dr. Laura Nelson, vice president of Ecoshale, said the company’s pilot project, in the Book-cliffs, has produced a high quality oil-shale product. “We did so working closely with the Environmental Protection Agen-cy to make an environmentally sen-sitive product,” she stated. Nelson was briefing the Utah Board of Oil, Gas and Mining at the Uintah Basin Applied Technology College in the success of Ecoshale’s feasibility test. Ecoshale’s synthetic product has properties rated by the American Petroleum Institute (API) as 39 con-densate oil and between 34 and 35 prompt oil with no fines, or impuri-ties, in the oil. Based on the test study, Nelson projects full-production at 30,000 barrels a day would cost $20.21 per barrel, not including transportation. Her comments came shortly after Interior Secretary Ken Salazar called for an investigation into Bush-era oil shale leasing practices in Utah, Colo-rado and Wyoming. While Salazar’s comments refer to oil shale leases on federal lands, Nelson says Ecoshale

is developing less obtrusive extrac-tion techniques on state lands. She notes the Salt Lake-based Ecoshale operates a test facility on “17,000 acres on Utah State School Institutional Trust Lands property roughly 60 miles southeast of Vernal.” Geologists estimate that “there’s about 1.5 billion barrels of in-place oil shale resource on these proper-ties,” says Nelson, who adds conser-vatively that only 500 million barrels are recoverable. Deposits of the Green River For-mation oil shale are found from the surface to a depth of 100 feet with the richest strata found inside the parcels occupied by Ecoshale. “Ecoshale has access to the largest block of surface mineable resource in region,” says Nelson. “The resource is called kerogen, an organic matter with petroleum-like qualities which is heated in above ground capsules to extract oil from the shale.” The shale is mined, crushed and placed into a nearby bentonite-line earthen capsule where the oil prod-uct are extracted. It’s a slow heating process that produces a high qual-ity product. The capsule and related structures occupy about five acres.

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Drilling that well is all very complicated When the Colorado Division of Wildlife (DOW) purchased a 13,200-acre parcel of wildlife habitat in west-ern Colorado in the early 1980s, it seemed like a great deal for them and sportsmen. Funds for the purchase of Garfield Creek State Wildlife Area (SWA) came from the sale of hunt-ing and fishing licenses, so everyone thought that is what it would only be used for. The purchase of the land was a good thing for hunters and fisher-men, who got access to the land. The area around Garfield Creek was al-ways quiet, largely agricultural. Few surmised that the growing technology in the energy industry, natural gas re-trieval in particular, would make Gar-field County a center of the energy

industry with a growth rate beyond other counties in the state. In 2008, Garfield Creek SWA was opened up to natural gas drilling. Some Coloradoan’s find this to be a rape of land meant for another purpose, while others see it just as the way things are. For those drilling for oil and gas in today’s environment, the steps they must now go through and the time it takes is just as surprising. Even when they do have access to the mineral rights or lease them from state or fed-eral government entities, they must also face a lot of things they didn’t find standing in the way not that many years ago. In the case of Garfield, Orion

Oil is doing the drilling and they are working with state wildlife officials to mitigate the damage to the land, the flora and the fauna. But that doesn’t mean there is still not opposition and concern by many in the surrounding communities and across Colorado. The plan does restrict the com-pany’s operations quite substantially. Orion cannot have any surface ac-tivity within the SWA until after the wildlife have migrated back to the higher elevations after winter. In ad-dition, their work needs to be com-pleted each year before the big game rifle hunting season begins in the fall. That leaves only a few months of the year that the energy company can work inside Garfield SWA. Orion has

also put up a million dollars to install a water supply line that cuts out all the truckloads (estimated to be 2,400) of water that would be needed to op-erate the wells). Bill Barrett Corporation has faced a similar situation in the lo-cal area, but they have not only had to contend with wildlife consider-ations, but archaeological ones as well. Complex problems often have no easy answers, and conflict does arise between groups, companies and often government. So between exploration costs, permiting costs, and environmental protection costs, the expense of drill-ing wells is no longer an inexpensive endeavor, as if it ever was.

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By Carolyn Campbell

Warren Oviatt began working as a miner in 1970. He started out at Swisher Coal in Carbon County. For a few months in 1972, he mined for Peabody Coal at Deer Creek. From then until his scheduled re-tirement in July 2009, he has worked for American Coal. Oviatt’s gradual hearing loss be-gan during his first ten years as a min-er. He worked 15 or 20 years before the loss was evident in everyday life. “I had to turn the TV up louder and ask people to repeat what they said,” he recalls. Twenty years ago, a Price audiolo-gist prescribed a hearing aid for Oviatt’s left ear. Two years ago, he visited the Miners Hospital and Clinic which is part of the University Health Care Network at the University of Utah in Salt Lake City. “A graduate student in audiology

Miners Hospital brings services to workerstested my hearing,” recalls Oviatt. “He was supervised by one of the instruc-tors. They determined that I now needed hearing aids in both ears.” Oviatt explains that the hearing aids he received are state of the art. “I got the treatment I needed,” he said. Oviatt is one of 380 patients who have been served by the Miners Hos-pital since it was established in 2004. Today, he also serves on the advisory board for the hospital. Utilizing his experience in min-ing, EMT and fire fighting work, he assembled a presentation for the doc-tors that explained mining machinery and techniques and showed how inju-ries could result from mining. He continues to interface with medical personnel to provide insight regarding mining operations and sub-sequent injuries and to increase public awareness of the Miners Hospital. He recalls one individual who suf-


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IGCC is the technology that turns coal into gas – synthetic gas. It then re-

Growing gasification slated for future:moves the impurities from the coal gas before it is combusted. This results in lower emissions of sulfur dioxide, par-

(Continued from page 37) ticulates and mercury. Excess heat from the primary combustion and generation is then passed to a steam cycle, similar to a combined cycle gas turbine. Sarkus said one of the main prob-lems facing IGCC is the high cost asso-ciated with it. One of the single biggest issues facing coal gasification is the environ-mental footprint it has. Because power plants are emitting a lot of carbon diox-ide into the atmosphere, research is be-ing done on how to capture the carbon dioxide for use. Sarkus said that every ton of carbon dioxide that is injected into an enhanced oil field can possibly recover an addi-tional one and a half to three barrels of oil. That could turn into a possible 40 billion barrels of oil, with another 40 billion barrels of oil after that due to a process called carbon dioxide flooding. The process involves injecting carbon dioxide into an oil reservoir in order to

increase output when extracting oil. If billions of barrels of oil were pos-sible and the technology of gasification is advanced and refined, Sarkus said this could have the potential to reach a tril-lion dollars or more. “This could be a potentially big, enormous undertaking,” he said. “This could also help with pollution control and have our domestic oil production in-crease. Energy supply and security that goes with it is very big as well.” Sarkus said that cleaner gasifica-tion plants could possibly be built within the next five to ten years and would last about 50 – 70 years. “I don’t believe we can manage right now without coal because of how much we depend on it,” Sarkus said. “We need to develop technologies than can adapt to what the future brings, including gas-ification plants. “We need to use the source (coal) and use it as cleanly as we can,” he said.

Mine Systems Co. was estab-lished by Charles Bardsley in 1996. The operation started at the Busi-ness and Technical Assistance Cen-ter in Price. As business increased, the com-pany was able to purchase a shop in Helper, and at present, they have a fully-equipped and manned electri-cal repair and fabrication facility with over 6,000 square feet. MSCO is a family-owned busi-ness that is committed to the future. Their vision is to create superior cus-tomer value and continue to be a high quality supplier of new, refurbished and repaired electrical systems, com-ponents and mining supplies.

Mine Systems Company In today’s industrial markets and the regulation of these markets there is no room for short cuts. The company’s guarantee to their cus-tomers is that they will use only OEM parts in the repair of equip-ment and that equipment will be worked on or supervised by an MSHA certified Electrician. Mine Systems Company thanks their customers and suppliers that have made MSCO able to offer a quality product for a fair price. “Our employees are constantly striving for excellence. We look forward to working with you in the future,” said a spokesman for the company.

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climate significantly affect Utah’s wind resources. As a result, Utah has a wide array of locations that may be viable options for wind energy development. The task force determined that the to-tal area of Utah’s 52 wind sites is 1,838 square miles. The greatest concentra-tion of wind resources is located near Milford, with an estimated capacity of 2,500 megawatts. Eleven Utah wind energy sites have a capacity of at least 250 megawatts each, for a total of 2,750 megawatts. According to Utah Clean Energy, this amount of wind would provide enough energy for over 660,000 average Utah homes and yield a net economic benefit of approximate-ly $2.7 billion dollars and would create more than 1,110 long term jobs. Wind energy is particularly effi-cient at producing electricity, says en-vironmental writer, Ian Callis. “Obviously you need a lot of

Renewable energy pros and cons:wind, like along coast lines and at high altitudes. Wind power could replace up to 20 percent of our total electric consumption in the foreseeable fu-ture.” Wind is a clean source of energy with no harmful by-products such as carbon dioxide. On the downside, wind power is intermittent. Consistent wind is needed for continuous power generation. If wind speed decreases, the turbine lin-gers and less electricity is generated. According to Utah Clean Energy, the prospect of wind-generated energy car-ries concerns about aesthetics, wildlife, and land use impacts, along with com-petition for high-demand commodities, such as steel and cranes. Geothermal energy literally means “earth heat.” It is thermal heat derived from the Earth. Geothermal energy harnesses the heat energy present un-derneath the earth. Hot rocks under the ground heat water to produce steam.

(Continued from page 39) When holes are drilled, the steam that shoots up is purified and is used to drive turbines, which power electric genera-tors. According to Western Resource Advocates’ Renewable Energy Atlas of the West, Utah’s geothermal resource potential for electricity generation is ap-proximately 1 million megawatt-hours annually. As of 2006, Utah was produc-ing 4,000 megawatt-hours of electricity from geothermal sources. According to the Geothermal Task Force Report from the Western Governor’s Association, geothermal has the potential to supply 15,000 MW of electricity to the West-ern states by the year 2015. On the plus side, geothermal proj-ects can strengthen rural economies, and. in some cases provide additional income to farmers and ranchers. An-aerobic Digestion Systems can pro-vide farmers and ranchers with a viable means for reducing waste streams and generating on-site energy and/or fuels. Biofuels can also help reduce America’s dependence on imported oil. Challeng-es to geothermal development include transmission and distribution limita-tions, high up-front capital costs and limitations relating to water constraints. Hydroelectric energy is an energy source that is mainly derived from dams.

Electricity production from the water movement is clean and does not pro-duce waste material. Tidal energy uses the natural tides of the ocean to produce energy much in the same way as hydro-electric energy, but on a smaller scale. Berry explains that over the past three decades, environmental laws have be-come more and more restrictive. “You can’t just throw up a dam on a river,” he said. Seeking approval from state and federal regulators can require years of effort. Many Utah hydropower projects are more than 40-years-old, utilizing fa-cilities built in the late 1800s. With current energy high energy prices in a struggling economy, there is great interest in identifying energy re-sources that aren’t being fully utilized. Also, with many countries signing the Kyoto Treaty, which carries a goal of reducing greenhouse gas, efforts to re-duce pollution and greenhouse gases are a primary focus in today’s culture. Alternative or renewable energy sources show significant promise in helping to reduce the amount of toxins that are by-products of energy use. Not only do they protect against harmful by-products, but using alternative energy helps to pre-serve many of the natural resources that we currently use as sources of energy.

Flaming Gorge Dam in Daggett County is a good example of a hydro-electric project built in the middle part of the 20th century. Most of the lake behind it lies in Wyoming and comes from the Cowboy State. The power goes to various venues around the west. Get-ting a dam built today in that same spot would face strong environmental opposition.

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By Mary Bernard

Utah’s Division of Oil, Gas and Mining (DOGM) estimates that 90 percent of drilling waste is water. with the rest comprised of drilling mud and-sludge. How much water? Roughly “150 million barrels of water (were) produced through drill-ing activities last year in Utah,” says Gil Hunt, DOGM associate director. Of that, 80 percent of the waste water is pumped underground, 14 per-cent is treated and discharged over the surface and six percent is transported to evaporation pits in the Uintah Ba-sin’s disposal facilities. It’s six times the volume of drill-ing waste water disposed in 1999. And, not all of it comes from the Uin-tah Basin’s drilling activities. “Out-of-state waste comes in from drilling operators with facilities in two states, Utah and Colorado,“ says Hunt,

Water can be a problem for drilling operationswho explains the division’s regulatory authority doesn’t extend to neighbor-ing states. How much drilling waste for dis-posal comes from out-of-state? When pressed about this, Hunt admits, “we just do not have an idea of the type or amount of waste being brought in for disposal in the Basin.” Speaking before the Board of Oil, Gas and Mining board meeting in Ver-nal last fall, Hunt said the problem of waste disposal was one of ever-in-creasing volume. “The practice of hauling reserve pits material to an off-site disposal facility is fruaght with problems,” Hunt wrote in a March 2009 DOGM memo. The memo states the division’s preferred regulatory stance is that water and other by-products form the drilling remain and be mitigated in place. That means injection over re-

moval. But finding suitable subsurface ge-ology to inject waste materials or com-pleting the regulatory compoliance for the process has been difficult. Hunt says that the alternative in-volves surface disposal facilities with “evaporation pits, landfarms, compost operations and water treatment surface discharge.”

The regulations that govern drill-ing waste and water disposal are overseen by DOGM. According to the director the division is updating their procedures to face the growing demand for disposal and the abuse of existing regulations. For example, “operators are con-structing deeper evaporation pits, taking more out-of-state waste, and placing •unauthorized waste in land-farms,” says Hunt. He recommends in the future that “no drilling mud, sludge or any wet non-water materials from reserve

pits and the drilling process be al-lowed at landfarms or other disposal facilities.” Some of the abuses of the dispos-al permits are inadvertent - others are intentional. Regulations regarding the dispos-al of chemical-ladened waste material and water vary by state. Colorado re-quires disclosure of chemicals in 50-gallon drums to be disposed. But, no state requires complete information about the chemicals from reserve pits for disposal. The chemicals are residual fluids from hydraulic fracturing methods used in drilling. One, chemical com-pound is hydrogen sulphide, which accounts for the odor generally asso-ciated with evaporation pits. Hunt stated that better up-front methods for evaluating and monitor-ing treatment locations should from the divisions efforts in updating pro-cedures.



By Russ MyersManaging Director, Brady Mining

The goal in mining has always been to produce the largest possible tonnage at the lowest possible cost under the safest possible conditions. This focus on continuous improve-ment has always been at the fore-front of mining here in the West. The economy may continue to fluctuate; however, demand for power generation remains strong and per-haps is the only constant in an en-vironment of debate and political wrangling. To meet ever-increasing production demands, mine operators must keep their operations running with the latest technology available. A business located here in Utah is investing in developing products and technologies to increase produc-tion and safety with the hardest ma-terial known to man… Diamond. Mankind has revered the diamond for thousands of generations. It has been a symbol of strength and often associated with mystical properties. The phrase “diamond in the rough” ironically describes the untapped potential uses for diamond today. Brady Mining, located in Orem, has been adapting this technology to roof bolt drilling. It makes sense

to use the hardest material known to man in some of the hardest condi-tions known to man. Due to its ex-cellent thermal stability and abrasion properties, a single diamond bit is ca-pable of replacing hundreds of carbide bits while improving overall safety. The production challenge for many mine operators can be direct-ly traced to traditional carbide bits, which have been used for decades in mining operations. These out-dated bits quickly dull while drilling and need to be frequently replaced. The tedious task of continually replacing bits slows down the bolt-ing process and limits the amount of coal that can be produced. Equip-ment downtime is opportunity lost, severely decreasing production and creating safety concerns as miners scramble to replace roof bolting bits before mining operations can continue. New and continually advancing diamond technology is delivering re-sults for many mine operators through-out the world. These innovative new tools are allowing miners to drill faster, increase tonnage, reduce equipment downtime and improve overall safety. Using polycrystalline diamond (PDC), Brady Mining ceramic roof bolt bits are delivering unmatched performance and cost savings.

According to the U.S. Bureau of Mines, “three substantial improve-ments that make PDC bits more cost effective and safer to use have been re-ported. First, PDC drill bits have shown to have a bit life of 200-600 times longer than the conventional WC-Co (carbide) bits. Second, the penetration rate of PDC bits is about 40 percent higher than WC-Co (carbide), requir-ing fewer labor hours to install the bolts. The increase in bit life can also dramatically reduce non-fatal injuries associated with roof bolting because of reduced driller interaction with the roof bolter. Third, when using PDC bits, there is a much smaller chance for frictional ignition of methane, which is present in many mines” (Compari-son of Respirable Dust Generation, Laxman S. Sundae, et. al., 1995). The Brady Mining PDC bit de-sign not only saves overall cost by replacing hundreds of carbide bits, but it also results in a large time sav-ings when weighted against replac-ing carbide bits on a frequent basis. This allows miners to quickly support the roof and reduce their exposure. Additionally, the unique structure of diamond in a PDC bit allows for the diamond edge to maintain its sharp-ness throughout the life of the bit. In contrast, carbide roof bits immediately begin to dull, creating a wear flat on the

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cutting edge – requiring more thrust, which significantly lowers the rate of penetration from the start to the even-tual completion of the hole. Unfortu-nately, this carbide wear flat also begins to pulverize the rock instead of cutting and removing it, generating much more respirable dust than with diamond bits. The U.S. Bureau of Mines further reported, “results show that when drill-ing dry, the polycrystalline diamond compact bits produced 71–88 percent-less dust than the tungsten carbide bit.” Given the many apparent benefits created with the use of diamond miners were quick to accept Brady PDC bits. Brady Mining is the leader in high-density ceramic roof bolt mining tools for both wet and dust hog applications – focused on improving the produc-tion and safety of today’s underground mining operations. The engineering expertise and unique diamond tech-nology built into every product makes Brady Mining tools perhaps the longest lasting and most technically advanced products on the market. Brady Mining offers a proven track record of perfor-mance, delivering unmatched durabil-ity and toughness from the easiest to the most difficult of roof-bolting conditions. For more information on Brady Mining roof bolt bits and other products, call 800-535-7419 or visit: www.bradymining.com.

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Polycrystalline diamond bits are safer to use and are more efficient than traditional carbide bits.


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Nothing says ‘power’ like a generatorElectrical generators are at the heart of every power plant. While they may vary in shape, size and output, they all do the same thing – convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. Carbon and Emery counties are actually home to more than a half dozen mass-production electrical generators.

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Standard Laboratories, Inc. has been the contract laboratory for Arch Coal Inc. since 2000, servicing their 3 Utah coal mines with 2 labs in Utah. The labs are located in Salina, servicing SUFCo and onsite at Skyline Mine, servicing Dugout Canyon and Skyline mines.The need for more analysis and service in the Castle Valley has provided Standard Laboratories, Inc. the opportunity to open a lab in Huntington Utah last year. The lab will provide coal analysis, sampling, sampler inspections, as well as gas analysis for underground mines.

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As winter slowly gives way to spring Nielson Construction is preparing to gear up for an-other busy production season in the Carbon and Emery county area. Nielson crews worked through the winter on a num-ber of projects throughout the area and when spring arrives the workload will intensify as new projects gear up. Nielson Construction start-ed out more than 40 years ago by providing service to energy producers in the area, particu-larly customers in mining and power and today that tradition continues as the company has expanded its capabilities to pro-vide service in the oil and gas field and many others. It has been the diversity of the compa-

Nielsen Construction faces busy yearny and its people that has helped it to weather economic storms throughout the years. One of the newest services the company provides was un-veiled in 2009 when the com-pany expanded into the concrete business and opened Nielson Concrete Services outside of Price. New to the concrete busi-ness, Wayne and John Nielson, president and vice president, set a goal for their company and people to provide the best ser-vice possible for their concrete customers and by year’s end the new plant had surpassed its first year production goals. With the spring thaw Nielson Construction people and equip-ment are ready to go to work for energy producers throughout the area. Nielson Construction’s new concrete plant just off of Highway 10.

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The “houses” that energy built Money from the energy industry has been supporting the eastern Utah region for years. But most people think of it in the form of wages and taxes, and forget about royalties and severance fees companies pay to extract coal, gas and other minerals from the ground. Some of the money they pay comes back to the communities in the area through the special service districts. Some comes from the Permanent Community Impact Board. Some comes to the counties in other ways. These dollars have been spent on a myriad of projects over the years, some of which are pictured on this page. North Springs Recreation Area (shooting range).

Dugout Canyon Road.

The new senior center at the Carbon County Fairgrounds (and the East Carbon Senior Center, not shown).

The Carbon County Ambulance Garage on Airport Road and the Sunny-side/East Carbon Public Saftey building (not shown).

The new Childrens Justice Center/Family Support Center (under construction). The Carbon County Events Center.


indicate the researchers. The coal-fueled electricity study was conducted by Adam Rose and Bo Yang, economists at Penn State University. Professor Rose heads the depart-ment of energy environmental and mineral economics. Rose and research assistant Yang used certain economic assumptions to present the findings. In the first instance, the study as-sumes varying levels of linkage be-tween the coal-based electricity gen-eration industry and other sectors of the economy. The maximum versus minimum linkage variable measures the degree to which coal-based electricity pro-duces ripple effects that benefit other industries and sectors. The data is refined by taking into account the economic effects of using a higher-cost fuel – in this case natural gas – as a substitute for

Research shows coal industry, strong industry:low-cost coal. By factoring in the substitution prices, the study shows how coal’s economic advantages are even greater when considering the costs of using a more expensive alternative fuel to generate electricity, explain the Penn State analysts. The year 2010 was selected for modeling because regulatory pro-grams aimed at displacing coal would need to be implemented over time, added the researchers. Because reliance on coal as a fuel source for generating electricity varies from region to region through-out the United States, the economic benefits are not evenly spread across the nation. The economic advantages for coal-producing states are evident, confirm the study results. More surprising, however, are the economic benefits realized by states that do not produce coal, but

(Continued from page 47) use it as a primary fuel for electricity generation. The study concludes that coal-based electricity will result in sub-stantial economic benefits for large and small states alike, explain the Penn State researchers. For example, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Texas and Pennsylvania stand to gain from $21 billion to $32 billion in increased economic output. Smaller states also share in the advantages provided by coal-gener-ated electricity. For example, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Oregon and South Da-kota are projected to gain from $560 million to $720 million in expanded output, according to the research findings. “This new analysis proves what we have known for a long time,” points out Stephen Miller, president and chief executive officer of the Center for Energy and Economic De-

velopment. “Electricity from coal provides economic empowerment to local communities, small businesses and working families,” adds the energy and development center’s chief ex-ecutive officer. According to Miller, the study provides an additional level of details relative to the ongoing national en-ergy policy debate. “Despite electricity from coal’s low cost and improving environmen-tal performance, some special inter-est groups still believe we should abandon this abundant domestic en-ergy resource,” explained the cen-ter’s executive officer. “The Rose-Yang study provides additional empirical proof that coal-based electricity is an essential element of a balanced energy portfolio that in-creases energy security and provides economic empowerment for American families,” concluded Miller.

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The future of coal and technologythe state’s electricity. The majority of Utah’s coal is found in the Wasatch Plateau, Bookcliffs and Emery Fields. Two of Utah’s nine mining operations are considered to be major U.S. coal producers – Dugout in Carbon County and Sufco in Sevier County. In 2008, Utah ranked 14th in the nation for coal production and produced more than 24 million short tons of coal, which represents more than one percent of the total U.S. coal production in that year. The ability to build coal power plants remains under threat due to political and environmental pressures at the state and nation-al levels. The costs to build new plants are another issue. Estimates to build a clean coal power plant project related costs at $1.5 billion with four years of construction. Comparatively, constructing a nuclear power plant can cost more than $2 billion and take five years to complete. That’s why the government is looking towards creating clean coal technology. The idea is to research and develop better ways of using coal for many different purposes. They also cite that clean coal tech-nologies can create jobs, increase energy security, address climate concerns and coal conversion tech-nologies, which can help unlock coal’s full potential. Tom Sarkus, deputy director of the Office of Major Demonstrations with the National Energy Technol-ogy Laboratory, knows how impor-tant coal is for the country and the world. He thinks energy in the U.S. is like a three-legged stool with pe-troleum, natural gas and coal each representing a leg. Since coal plays such a large role on the economy and the country in general, he said replacing coal with renewable ener-gies is easier said than done.

Sarkus said peaking energy sources, such as wind turbines, so-lar and natural gas, are not cost ef-fective compared to coal. Natural gas tends to follow gas prices and coal prices tend to follow natural gas. The price of coal is less than oil and natural gas, making it a stable source price-wise for the country. “We have a relative abundance of coal and it’s very economi-cal here because it’s a solid fuel,” Sarkus said. According to U.S. Energy In-formation Administration, there are about 500 billion tons of coal avail-able here in the U.S., but only about 55 percent of it is recoverable. About 1 billion tons of coal is used each year in the U.S., leaving a forecast of coal being a dominant resource for the next 50 to 100 years. Coal production reached a re-cord level of 1,171.8 million short tons and the average mine-level prices increased by 21 percent to $31.25 per short ton. The number of employees increased by 6.9 percent while the national productivity de-clined by 4.9 percent to 5.96 short tons per miner per hour, according to the U.S. EIA Web site. There are approximately 5,400 power plants in the U.S., with about 600 powered by coal. With so many powered by coal, the push to make them run more efficiently and cleaner is bigger than before. When the American Recov-ery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, commonly known as the stimulus, was passed, it included about $4.6 billion for fossil fuel research and development, according to John Grasser, director of fossil commu-nications with the Department of Energy. “There was a realization inside the government in that coal is not going away,” Grasser said. “The U.S. is the Saudi Arabia of coal compared to the rest of the world.

We need to continue to learn how to use it in a cleaner and more efficient manner.” While much of the talk in the political spectrum focuses on green or clean energy jobs, there is still the possibility for a lot of growth in the future with coal-related jobs. With research needing to take place and the implementation of new technol-ogy in coal power plants, Grasser thinks clean coal technology will play a big role in the future. “I’m pretty optimistic about this (clean coal) working out in the future so we can really get around to testing out new technologies and possibly putting them into place. I don’t think we can just close all of the coal power plants and rely on other sources and fuels right now. “But none of this will happen overnight. It will take some time for this to take place,” Grasser said.


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fered a leg injury 40 years earlier. “He had problems with it all along,” he pointed out. In networking with the doctors at the Miners Hospital, Oviatt described the mining equipment and explained how the injury might have happened. “They took X-rays, found the prob-lem and were able to repair it,” he recalls. “That man does not limp on it any more. He doesn’t experience quite as much pain after years of suffering. The Miners Hospital has provided an immense ben-efit, to our retirees in particular.” The hospital was established fol-lowing a long legal battle in which four disabled members of the United Mine Workers of America filed a com-plaint against the state of Utah, the In-stitutional Trust Lands Administration and state officials and agencies for not building such a hospital. The lawsuit cited the 1894 Utah Enabling Act, which authorized Utahns to create a state constitution. The act included a section designat-

Miners Hospital brings services to workers:ing 50,000 acres of land specifically for “a miner’s hospital for disabled miners.” to be conveyed at the time of statehood. A similar land allotment for an addition-al 50,000 acres took place in 1929. The lawsuit contended that no miner’s hospital was built from proceeds after the land was sold. In 1957, the legislature approved a bill diverting revenue from the miner’s hospital trust to the University Medical Center’s rehabilitation unit. In 1959, funds generated from the land were sent to the University of Utah and utilized for a rehabilitation center. The suit alleged that Utah had breached the trust by using the trust corpus and revenue for the benefit of the general public rather than dis-abled miners. In 2001, Salt Lake City attorney James Vilos, one of several lawyers representing the miners, argued that while the Utah attorney general main-tained that the miners received free medical care at the University of Utah, after checking with the hospital there,

“some of my clients have found there is no program in place,” he said. Vilos explained to the court that the rehabilitation center at the Uni-versity of Utah did not handle mining-related occupational ailments such as black lung disease. Vilos contended that, unless the miners’ ailment fit into the category of a traumatic brain, spinal cord injury or burn, they did not receive the same kind of care that they would receive if they drove to Raton, N.M., to be treat-ed at the miners hospital there. Vilos explained that the New Mexico hospital was financed by a similar congressional land grant. The attorney added that, as far as he could determine, not a single miner had thus far received free medi-cal treatment for a condition resulting from a miner’s injury or illness at the University of Utah. Robert Sykes, another attorney representing the miners, argued that while thousands of victims of trauma, spinal cord injuries and other maladies were treated at the rehabilitation unit, “you’re not free to expend trust funds for some public good. It has to be [used] specifically for the purpose for which they were allocated.” “The facts unmistakably dem-onstrate that the rehab center did not exclusively benefit miners. Rather, it operated as a service for the general public,” continued Sykes. In 2003, the 3rd District Court of Salt Lake County reached final order of settlement in the lawsuit. The court ruling stipulated that min-ers have unique health and disability problems related to their industry, espe-cially in the area of pulmonary ailments, and have need of specialized care. The settlement order specified that the University of Utah would rename the rehabilitation center as The Univer-sity of Utah Rehabilitation Center and Miners Hospital. The court ruling also stated that a stand-alone hospital would not be re-quired, because disabled miners would have available to them a broader range of services than they would otherwise have if the state used the funds to build a stand-alone miners hospital. Today, to be eligible for hospital

(Continued from page 44) services, a potential patient must have a mining-related illness or injury. Eligibility requirements also specify that the applicant needs to have worked in a coal, metal or non-metal mining op-eration for at least two years. Requirements also include residen-cy in Utah for two years immediately before applying for hospital services. A completed application is required before an appointment can be scheduled for a miner. Applications for treatment appoint-ments are available by calling toll-free at (866) 864-6377. Residents may also visit the Min-ers Hospital Web site at http://health-care.utah.edu/miners_hospital and print an application. “Many muscular-skeletal problems are treated at the hospital,” explains Dana Hughes, the medical treatment facility’s outreach coordinator. “These problems occur because of the type of conditions under which miners work; cramped quarters, low ceilings and heavy manual labor.” As in the case of Oviatt, noise-relat-ed hearing loss is another mining-related health issue faced by the patients. “While federal regulatory agen-cies have done a lot to try to reduce the noise level through engineering control and work assignments, miners who work in closed mines are exposed to tremendous amounts of noise,” Hughes explained. “This exposure has a nega-tive impact on miners’ hearing.” The hospital conducts many hearing evaluations, added the representative. “Our program is such that we can provide hearing aids for those who have an indication of noise-related hearing loss,” pointed out Hughes. The hospital representative said the hearing tests are able to differenti-ate between age-related hearing loss and noise-related hearing loss. Many miners also suffer from pulmo-nary problems due to their proximity to dust and diesel exhaust. “Along with exposure to elements that contribute to lung problems such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, many of the miners smoke. The combi-nation of the two factors contributes to pulmonary problems,” Hughes indicated.


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Does Sevier experience set stage for future:for nearly a decade. The first signs of the proposal started in 2001 when a 330-foot meteoro-logical tower was installed near the proposed site. At the time locals were told it was being done by the TDA Foundation, which as it turns out, is an organization that was made up of all the same principals as Nevco Energy. The tower was used to moni-tor atmospheric data, which was later used in the creation of an air quality permit application to the Utah Division of Air Quality. That permit was granted in Octo-ber 2004. The permit was issued with over two dozen rather de-tailed restrictions, some of which resulted from a a public hearing in which the UDAQ took public comment and incorportated those into the air quality plan. In November 2004, the Sierra Club and the Grand Canyon Trust appealed the decision to the Utah Air Quality Board. At the time the Sierra Club maintained that not only would

(Continued from page 9) the plant would harm the air in the area, but that it would also create vision and haze problems at nearby national parks. In July 2007, the Sierra Club was granted standing in the ap-peals case and oral arguments were heard in October of that year. The issue of who would have standing in the appeal of Nevco Energy’s air quality permit for the plant was key. “They will ask whoever has standing to get together and pro-pose a schedule,” said Fred Nel-son, legal counsel for the Utah Air Quality Board at the time. He said if the various parties couldn’t agree on a schedule for the appeal hearing, then the board would create a schedule. Nevco Energy consultant.Bruce Taylor said the appeal was a part of the process and that Nevco was optimistic about the outcome at the time. “We really don’t think there is a problem,” Taylor said. At the time the Sevier citi-zen’s group was asked for more

information to clarify why it should have standing in the ap-peals. A document was submit-ted in response to that request to the Utah Air Quality Board. The document detailed what mem-bers of the Sevier citizens group believe gave them a standing in the appeals process. “I’m in the fight of my life,” said James Kennon, president of the Sevier citizen’s group. The document outlined 14 concerns the Sevier citizen’s group had with the proposed power plant. Some of the claims made in the document included • The DAQ didn’t take into account the combined emissions of the other proposed power plants in Utah before issuing the permit. • The DAQ didn’t consider the use of integrated gasification combined cycle, a process that is cleaner than the proposed circu-lating fluidized bed. The claim was that it was not in the state’s policy of requiring best available control technology. • Scheduled control bums by the Fishlake and Dixie na-tional forests were not taken into ccount. • Effects on the appearance of the county caused by both the physical footprint of the plant and the pollution were not accounted for in the permit. At the time, the group was asking for the permit to be de-clared illegal. On Nov. 7, the Utah Air Quality Board threw out the Sierra Club’s case, ruling that the company had provided the information that Utah regulations required. The fight then moved to the zoing commission in Sevier County. By this time a coalition of local citizens known as the Sevier

Citizens for Clean Air and Water had organized in opposition to the plant. They questioned the very license the plant was requesting to operate. This group would later become instrumental in keeping the plant from coming to fruition. In December of 2007, by a 3-2 vote, the Sevier County Plan-ning and Zoning Commission ap-proved the preliminary condition-al use permit for the plant. The meeting was filled with angry people who claimed the company was lying to them about both the effects of the air pollution and the ash that would be produced by the plant. At that point, citizens groups and environmentalists began looking for other ways to stop the plant’s construction. The came upon the idea of putting the con-ditional use permit on the ballot instead of letting a small number of people make the decision. In November 2008, voters in Sevier County overwhelmingly approved a grassroots initiative requiring a public vote to allow a new coal-fired power plant in the area. The measure amended the zoning ordinance so that the county could not issue a condi-tional-use permit to a coal plant without voter approval. A 6th District judge halted the citizen referendum in October, but the state Supreme Court over-turned the ruling. There were also questions whether any such vote would be legal because Nevco’s application and approval came before any such measure could be put in place. At the time, the success of the measure left the future of NEVCO’s proposed plant uncer-tain. At the time the company’s attorney said NEVCO may try to move the project to a differ-ent county or switch the plant to

(Continued on page 62)A natural gas powered power plant in Utah County (Vineland).



Does Sevier experience set stage for future:natural gas. In late 2008, lawyers for Sevier Power sent a letter to the Sevier County Commission asking them to make a final decision on the plant by January, 2009. But the decision was delayed and on May 1, 2009, Sevier Power delayed the county commissioners’ decision until two pending lawsuits could be resolved. One lawsuit con-cerned the county’s initial zoning approval and another, which had reached the Utah Supreme Court, was an appeal of the air quality permit issued by the state. On Dec. 4, 2009, the Utah Su-preme Court overturned the Sevier Plant’s air permit, calling the Utah Division of Air Quality Board’s re-view of the permit “woefully inac-curate.” The court ruled in favor of the Sierra Club and remanded the permit over inadequate nitrogen

oxide limits and failure to consider integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) as a best available control technology. The ruling also held that the permit had expired, because the company failed to start construction within 18 months after it was issued. In early March (2010) rep-resentatives from the company were asked to provide a list of options by the Sevier County Commission. “There have been a lot of things that have happened with this over the past few months,” said Gary Mason, county commission member. He said since a lawsuit over the project’s zoning had been dismissed, one impediment to the process had been removed. But the commission also brought up the Utah Supreme Court decisions. “The significance of which the county is trying to ascertain,”

Mason said. “(However) we still have a valid application on our desks.” He said while the ap-plication may still have some obstacles, the county would like to move forward with the process – be that ultimately approving a power plant or not. “Is it fair to ask for 30 days for you to come back to us with some ideas?” asked Mason. Rod Clark, principal for Nevco, said his company was not ready to provide the options, but would write a letter outlining the options to the county commis-sion before the commission’s first scheduled meeting in April. Clark said Nevco’s legal team is also still trying to sort out the Utah Su-preme Court decisions. Since the permit was remanded back to the Utah Division of Air Quality for review, setting a deadline serves the purpose of the prevention of

significant deterioration of the pro-gram. Sevier Power has to submit additional information concerning integrated gasification combined cycle technology. With that meeting, the saga of the Sevier Power Station is on hold. The company has now suggested they may want to burn natural gas instead, but some in the county even oppose that, saying the plant would still be a source of pollution and an eyesore. The future of new coal fired plants getting approved almost anywhere in America now seems dim, between local opposition and well organized environmental movements battling their construc-tion at every turn. Of course that might change should those same people’s lights go just as dim because of a lack of power generation within their given grid.

Modern tech changes older power plants Modern, computer-driven management systems are replacing a lot of older analog-based predecessors in many power plants across the nation. In some cases, a single desktop computer can replace and entire control room full of monitors and controls.

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The hospital at the U of U has also treated some cases of occupa-tional asthma and a few cases of black lung disease, “although the coal here in Utah is not as prone to create black lung as is the coal in the Eastern states,” added the facility’s outreach coordinator Once it is determined that the individual suffers from a mining-related condition and the patient is treated for that condition, the person’s health insurance is billed first. Then the Miners Hospital pays for remaining medical treat-ment expenses. If a miner has no health in-surance, the Miners Hospital will pay for the cost of reasonable treatment, “whatever is consid-ered reasonable for that condi-tion,” notes Hughes. The hospital also pays for medications related to the min-ing-related illness or injury. The hospital provides medi-cations by mail for disabled coal miners undergoing treatment who live away from Salt Lake City. Some miners who are treated at the hospital are older than age 70. “A lot of miners’ health prob-

Miners Hospital brings services to workers:lems occur following multiple years of wear and tear on the body,” points out Hughes. “Some of them have worked in the mine 20 or 30 years and have acquired cumulative injuries.” Although many of the patients return to work in the mines follow-ing treatment, others are retired miners who are no longer actively employed in the coal industry. Most patients are treated as outpatients. But procedures like knee replacement or carpal tun-nel surgery are performed on an inpatient basis. “The Miners Hospital isn’t what you would typically think of as a hospital with beds specifi-cally set aside for miners,” explains Hughes. “The hospital is part of the University health care system.” “Patients are hospitalized in the regular university hospital. They have access to all the spe-cialty cares, such as the orthopedic or pulmonary specialists,” contin-ued the outreach coordinator. Utilizing the expertise of the U of U medical personnel broad-ens the scope of possible treat-ment for miners, added Hughes. “We can also keep the costs of

medical services lower by doing this,” indicated the outreach co-ordinators. “In some cases, min-ers who live a distance away from Salt Lake City are referred to an outside health care system that is located closer to their home.” Patients are prescribed treat-ments like physical therapy and substance abuse treatment if their conditions are found to be min-ing-related. “Some occupations appear to have a higher incidence of alco-hol and drug problems than oth-ers,” commented Hughes. “Min-ing appears to be one of these–as is the health care profession.” Patients are evaluated on a case by case basis to determine whether their substance abuse is considered to be mining-related. Along with medical treatment, the Miners Hospital offers educa-tion and outreach to patients in the form of seminars and conferences. “We conduct an annual edu-cation program in the Price and Magna areas and visit senior cen-ters throughout the state where mines are located,” points out Hughes. In June, the hospital will col-

(Continued from page 60) laborate with the U of U school on alcoholism and drug depen-dencies to co-sponsor a confer-ence for the third year, according to the facility representatives. The conference will focus on alcohol and drug misuse inside and outside of the mines. The mining industry section is planned for supervisors, foremen, health and safety officers; train-ing specialists, human resource personnel, operators, representa-tives from unions, mining asso-ciations and MSHA and others interested in the prevention and management of alcohol and sub-stance misuse within the mining workforce. Multiple registration fee scholarships are available from the Utah Division of Substance Abuse and Mental Health on a first-come, first-serve basis for individuals who have not previ-ously attended the conference. Residents may obtain more information by calling (801) 538-4343 or toll-free (866) 864-6377. The hospital has agreed, as part of the lawsuit settlement, to provide scholarships for tuition and books at the U of U to two children or grandchildren of dis-abled miners annually. One schol-arship is specified for students applying to the health care field. The other may be applied toward any major. Currently, four students are attending the U of U through the four- year scholarship. “Two more will be added next year,” noted Hughes. Hughes and Oviatt stress the importance of increasing aware-ness of the Miners Hospital “We need to get the word out that the hospital is here for all miners,” said Oviatt. “It doesn’t make a difference whether you are management or labor force. Your labor organization affilia-tion doesn’t matter. The hospital is there for miners to get the help that they need. If you work in the mining industry, this resource is there for you.”

Automation, capacity highlight today’s coal transportationMuch has changed in the coal mining business since the latter part of the nineteeth century, when a lot of coal was shov-eled by hand by labororers. More modern systems built within the last thirty or fourty years can move many more times the coal with a mere fraction of the labor.


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T 9 S R 19 E

T 23 S R 12 E

T 13 S R 20 E

T 22 S R 12 E

T 5 S R 9 W T 5 S R 8 W

T 10 S R 15 E

T 5 S R 7 W T 5 S R 6 W

T 14 S R 20 E

T 5 S R 5 W

T 26 S R 17 E

T 10 S R 20 E

T 15 S R 20 E

T 5 S R 4 W

T 11 S R 10 E

T 16 S R 18 E

T 20 S R 18 E

T 19 S R 3 E

T 22 S R 3 E

T 21 S R 3 E

T 23 S R 3 E

T 17 S R 3 E

T 9 S R 20 E

T 16 S R 3 E

T 5 S R 11 W

T 18 S R 3 E

T 11 S R 3 E

T 15 S R 3 E

T 13 S R 3 E

T 12 S R 3 E

T 14 S R 3 E

T 14 S R 17 E

T 10 S R 3 E

T 24 S R 3 E

T 25 S R 3 E

T 13 S R 17 E

T 25 S R 17.5 E

T 9 S R 8 ET 9 S R 3 E

T 26 S R 3 E

T 9 S R 15 E

T 5 S R 10 W

T 7 S R 8 WT 7 S R 9 W

T 5 S R 3 W

T 6 S R 3 W

T 7 S R 5 WT 7 S R 4 W

T 7 S R 6 W

T 20.5 S R 18 E

T 19.5 S R 5 E

T 7 S R 7 W

T 0 S R 0 E

T 19 S R 18 E

T 20 S R 3 E

T 15 S R 17 E

T 25 S R 17 E

T 6 S R 10 W

T 26 S R 17.5 E

T 5 S R 12 W

T 9 S R 7 E

T 0 S R 0 E

T 10 S R 14 E

T 23 S R 8.5 E

T 20.5 S R 13 E

T 9 S R 7 E

T 16 S R 21 E

T 17 S R 21 E

T 7 S R 7 W

T 6 S R 11 W

T 5 S R 2 E

T 10 S R 11 E

T 18 S R 21 E

T 7 S R 10 W

T 10 S R 13 E

T 15.5 S R 21 E

T 25 S R 17.5 E

T 0 S R 0 E

T 10 S R 12 ET 10 S R 9 E

T 10 S R 12 E

Elmo

Emery

Moore

MolenFerron

Helper

Moroni

Tucker

Colton

Wattis

Clawson

Thistle

Milburn

Chester

Scofield

Birdseye

Woodside

Hiawatha

Mohrland

Lawrence

Fairview

Sunnyside

Cleveland

Indianola

Huntington

Wellington

Kenilworth

Green River

Orangeville

East Carbon

Spring City

Spring Glen

Carbonville

Clear Creek

Castle Dale

Cresent Jct.

Fremont Jct.

Soldier Summit

Thompson Springs

Pigeon Hollow Jct.

Mount Pleasant

Price

¹º10

¹º10

¹º96

¹º57

¹º10

¹º31

¹º31

¹º31

¹º24

¹º10

¹º96

¹º72

¹º29

¹º116

¹º122

¹º264

¹º313

¹º155

¹º124

¹º123

£¤6

£¤6

£¤6

£¤6

£¤6

£¤89

£¤89

£¤89

£¤191

£¤191

§̈¦70

§̈¦70

§̈¦70

³ 0 2 4 6 81Miles

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

Creek

Coal HollowT39 S R 5 W

T 40 S R 6 W

T 39 S R 6 W

T 40 S R 5 W

T 39 S R 7 W

T 40 S R 7 WT 40 S R 4 W

T 39 S R 4 W

T 38 S R 5 WT 38 S R 6 W

T 41 S R 6 W

T 40 S R 4.5 W

T 41 S R 5 W

T 38 S R 4.5 WT 38 S R 7 W

T 39 S R 4.5 W

T 41 S R 7 W T 41 S R 4.5 W

T 38 S R 4 W

T 41 S R 4 W

Kane

Alton

Glendale

Orderville

Long Valley Jct.¹º14

£¤89

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

!(

Weber

River

ON

Boyer Mine

Summit #1Mine (Blackhawk)

T2 N R 5 E T 2 N R 7 E

T 1 N R 5 E T 1 N R 7 ET 1 N R 6 E

T 2 N R 6 E

T 3 N R 7 ET 3 N R 5 E T 3 N R 6 E

T 2 N R 8 E

T 1 N R 8 E

T 3 N R 8 E

T 2 N R 4 E

T 1 N R 4 E

T 3 N R 4 E

T 1 S R 7 ET 1 S R 6 E T 1 S R 8 ET 1 S R 4 ET 1 S R 5 E

T 0 N R 0 E

Summit

EchoUpton

Wanship

Pineview

Coalville

Hoytsville

§̈¦80

Locator Map

RoadsInterstate

Divided Highway

Principle Highway

Improved Highway

Paved Local Roads

Improved Local Roads

Unimproved Local Roads

Water CourseIntermittent stream

Stream or braided stream

Union Pacific

Utah Railway

Wilderness Study Areas

County Boundary

Township and Range

FOREST SERVICE

BLM

TRUST LANDS

TRIBAL LANDS

PRIVATE

NATIONAL PARKS, MONUMENT & HISTORIC

STATE PARKS & REC AREAS

STATE WILDLIFE RESERVES

NATIONAL REC AREAS

USFWS NATL WILDLIFE REFUGES

USFS & BLM WILDERNESS

SOVEREIGN LANDS

WATER BODIES

* Data courtesy of the Utah Department of Natural Resources


435-820-1197

I Have…I Have… exactly what exactly what you want!you want!

Experience Knowledge Confidence

Committment Dedication

Brenda Quick Associate Broker

435 637-790095 North 100 EastPrice UT 84501

• 16,000 Sq. Foot Exhibit Space• Meeting Rooms• State of the Art Audio, Visual,

Networking & Internet• Preferred Caterers List• Dependable Staff

• Conferences, Banquets, Expositions, Trade Shows• Meetings, Seminars• Weddings, Receptions, Reunion,

Family Get Togethers

Events Centerarbonarbon ountyounty

CARBON COUNTY

“Big or Small, come and see us for all your needs!”

“Lets get together in Carbon County, Utah”

310 South Fairgrounds Road • 435.636.3214

PO Box 2205115 N Hwy 6Helper, UT 84526SE Utah – 435-472-2580 Uintah Basin – [email protected]

got poop?

Wash Bay SumpsGrease Traps

Septic Pumping & Locating

Portable Toilet ServicesHand Wash Stations

Potable Water Hauling

got trash?

30 YD Roll-Off Dumpsters


825 North Loop RoadHuntington, UT.

84528

435-687-2494

For more than 40 years the men and women of Nielson Construction have operated with a simple philosophy of taking care of the customer by dedicating ourselves to going above and beyond to get the job done. That work ethic has resulted in a core of highly skilled, professional employees with a diverse range of capabilities that uniquely positions us to provide for our customers’ needs.

A sampling of some of our capabilities include:

Heavy ExcavationRoad ConstructionAsphalt PavingCrane ServiceWeldingPoly Pipe FusionMine ConstructionMine ReclamationConcrete ServicesTruckingHeavy HaulingCoal HaulingWinch Truck ServicesOil & Gas Field WorkWater Hauling ServicesHydro Vac SevicesEarthen Dam ConstructionRoustabout Services

www.Nielsonconstruction.com

Documents

2010-03 Energy Guide