ROUND 6

RELATED TOSSUP/BONUS

TOSSUP 1. It was founded in Connecticut in 1882 by Michael J. McGivney and is currently led by Carl Anderson. It operates United in Charity and was responsible for popularizing an October holiday. Its equivalent for women is the Daughters of Isabella, and this group operates the missionary Information Service, and financed the 1980s restoration of St. Peter’s. Its organization was inspired by the Freemasons. For 10 points, identify this Catholic fraternal society named for an explorer.ANSWER: the Knights of Columbus<Weiner>

BONUS. Located in the Konya Plain, it dates back to around 7500 BC. For 10 points each:[10] Name this large Neolithic settlement in Anatolia that was a center of developed culture, excavated by James Mellaart in the 1960’s. ANSWER: Çatalhöyük [or Catal huyuk or Catal hoyuk][10] Discovered about 100 years earlier, the settlement on this site included a citadel. Its discovery, along with Mohenjo Daro, revealed the Indus Valley civilization. ANSWER: Harappa<Yang>

TOSSUP 2. John Cairns visualized this molecule by autoradiography, and it can be purified by phenol extraction. Its B version has anti beta glycosidic bonds, while its Z version has syn deoxyguanylate glycosidic bonds. Its snapback regions interact during denaturation, while its 2-fold rotationally symmetric segments form into hairpins. With ends joined into knotted loops, it can be studied by hybridization. Its major and minor grooves form because its sugar-phosphate backbones are offset in anti-parallel configuration. For 10 points, name this double helical genetic molecule.ANSWER: deoxyribonucleic acid<Luo>

BONUS. Given accomplishments in astronomy, name the responsible scientist more famous for other accomplishments for 10 points.[10] This “French Newton” stated the nebular hypothesis independently of Kant in 1796 and established the theoretical stability of the Newtonian solar system in 1787.ANSWER: Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace[10] This mathematician made early use of the method of least squares to predict the orbit of Ceres in 1801.ANSWER: Johann Friedrich Carl Gauss<Sorice>

TOSSUP 3. This work notes that Henry Hudson and Vitus Bering achieved great success with inferior equipment and opens three epigraphs, including a quote from Beaumont and Fletcher’s The Honest Man’s Fortune. Traditional prayer is dubbed a “disease of the will,” society is called “a conspiracy against the manhood” of all, and Copernicus, Galileo, and Socrates are listed among the great and therefore “misunderstood.” For 10 points, America is called upon to develop its own culture in what Ralph Waldo Emerson essay?ANSWER: “Self-Reliance”<Douglass>

BONUS. Answer the following about a poem, for 10 points each:[10] First printed in 1816, it describes “a damsel with a dulcimer” and the river “Alph” running through caverns beside “a stately pleasure dome.”ANSWER: “Kubla Khan”[10] This author of “She is not fair” and “Frost at Midnight” wrote “Kubla Khan.”ANSWER: Samuel Taylor Coleridge<Berdichevsky>

TOSSUP 4. These people believed that the god of death turned all of humanity into rocks and created a new race from three eggs, and that another god would send rain if a black dog was tied up to starve. Their sun god Inti swims underneath the Earth each night, while their chief god had a name meaning “sea foam” and created miniature clones of himself to aid in creation. For 10 points, Viracocha was the head of the pantheon for what group, who believed that Manco Capac founded Cuzco?ANSWER: Incans [or Incas]<Weiner>

BONUS. The Clementine version of it became the authoritative text of the Roman Catholic Church in 1592. For 10 points each:[10] Name this fourth-century translation of the Bible.ANSWER: The Vulgate[10] The Vulgate was prepared by this Doctor of the Church at the request of Pope Damasus I. He is also known for his biographical De viris illustribusANSWER: St. Jerome<Douglass>

TOSSUP 5. It exists when the Herfindahl index is just above 1800, or when a firm’s demand curve shows a discontinuity due to price increases being subject to elastic demand but prince decreases being inelastic. That is known as the “kinked demand curve” characterizing this situation, where non-price competition dominates and each firm can affect but not control the market. The American steel and automobile industries are common examples. For 10 points, name this situation that exists when four firms control more than forty percent of the market, but no one firm does. ANSWER: oligopoly<Weiner>

BONUS. It established the principle requiring “actual malice” for a libel claim by a public figure. For 10 points each:[10] Name this 1964 Supreme Court case arising out of a newspaper ad attacking members of the Alabama government for suppressing civil rights demonstrations. ANSWER: New York Times v. Sullivan [or Sullivan v. New York Times][10] This man, whose tenure on the Court ran from 1956 to 1990, wrote the decision in New York Times v. Sullivan.ANSWER: William Brennan<Douglass>

TOSSUP 6. This group conquered Masyaf castle under the command of Rashid ad-Din, who took the title “mountain chief.” They arose during a succession crisis upon the death of al-Mustansir, a Fatimid caliph. Based in Iran near Kazvin at the fortress of Alamut, they killed two Abassid caliphs and wounded Saladin. For 10 points, name this group from the Nizari Ismailite sect of Shia Islam, whose name, derived from their alleged use of an intoxicant, has come to refer to anyone who commits political murder.ANSWER: assassins [or Hashasheen; prompt on Nizaris before it is read; prompt on Khojas before “Nizari” is read]<Weiner>

BONUS. Appointed junior lord of the Treasury by Robert Peel, he was responsible for the 1844 Railway Bill. For 10 points each:[10] Name this frequent Liberal prime minister and rival of Benjamin Disraeli.ANSWER: William Gladstone[10] Gladstone’s support of reforming these British acts, which placed a duty on certain food imports, cost him his first seat in Parliament.ANSWER: Corn Laws<Mitchell>

TOSSUP 7. He wrote the play The Leper as well as an opera about an alien invasion called Help, Help, the Globolinks! He founded the Festival of Two Worlds at Charleston, South Carolina and Spoleto, Italy and wrote libretti for operas by others, including A Hand of Bridge and Vanessa by his good friend Samuel Barber. On his own, he wrote about a character who donates a crutch to the baby Jesus in the first opera to premiere on television. For 10 points, name this composer of Amahl and the Night Visitors.ANSWER: Gian Carlo Menotti<Luo>

BONUS. Answer the following about a work of art, for 10 points each.[10] Intended for the planned Museum of Decorative Arts, its individual figures, like “The Shades” and “Ugolino and his Children,” were sculpted independently and were to be fit as panels into the overall structure.ANSWER: The Gates of Hell[10] This Frenchman sculpted his famed The Thinker as a portion of The Gates of Hell.ANSWER: Auguste Rodin<Berdichevsky>

TOSSUP 8. Key moments leading up to its date with destiny included the attacks at St. Vincent and Portland and the decision to wait at Calais for the duke of Parma. When the Dutch made the rendezvous impossible and a fire caused confusion, Charles Howard’s contingent sprang into action, overwhelming Medina-Sedonia’s cannons. Ultimately it was attacked at Gravelines, where Frobisher and Drake dispersed it. For 10 points, name this force that failed to overthrow Elizabeth I even though Philip II assembled 30,000 men on 130 ships.ANSWER: Spanish Armada<Berdichevsky>

BONUS. Answer the following about an American politician, for 10 points each:[10] In 1894 this Ohioan led a group of disenfranchised men and women, later known as his “Army,” to the lawn of the Capitol where he proceeded to read an “Address of Protest.”ANSWER: Jacob Sechler Coxey Sr.[10] In his first attempt at public office Coxey ran as a member of this party in 1885. Also known as the Independent Party, its name referred to the type of money printed during the Civil War.ANSWER: Greenback-Labor Party [or National Party]<Berdichevsky>

TOSSUP 9. Sylphs guard the dress of the main character against coffee stains in this work, which begins when Shock awakens his mistress upon spying a letter. The wrath of Thalestris is obtained in order to demand that Sir Plume confront the villain, after a journey to the cave of Spleen by Umbriel. All begins during a game of ombre on a cruise on the Thames, when Lord Petrie performs the title action on Belinda. For 10 points, identify this mock-epic by Alexander Pope about the taking of a tuft of hair.ANSWER: The Rape of the Lock<Mitchell>

BONUS. Identify these Latin American authors of historically inspired works, for 10 points each.[10] This man’s novel The Old Gringo tries to piece together author Ambrose Bierce’s experiences with Pancho Villa’s army, and he also wrote The Death of Artemio Cruz.ANSWER: Carlos Fuentes[10] A student of Gabriela Mistral, his long poem Canto General includes “The Heights of Machu Picchu,” and he also wrote “La United Fruit Company.”ANSWER: Pablo Neruda<Douglass>

TOSSUP 10. The Poincaré group contains these and space-time translations as these operations are rotations of Minkowski space. Their namesake factor, gamma, is one over the square root of one minus the square of the speed parameter and is the factor by which lengths are divided in the FitzGerald contraction. By correspondence, these reduce to the Gallilean transformations as the speed vanishes. For 10 points, name these transformations between reference frames fundamental to special relativity and named for a Danish physicist.ANSWER: Lorentz transforms<Sorice>

BONUS. Identify each of the following classes of plant hormones, for 10 points each:[10] The class that promotes cell division, growth, and differentiation, they are often found in meristematic tissue.ANSWER: cytokinins[10] The class whose absence causes dwarfism in some plants, they were first isolated from a fungus for which they are now named. They are often found in seeds, roots, apical meristems, and root tips, and are involved in stem elongation.ANSWER: gibberellins<Rahman>

CATEGORY QUIZ TOSSUPS

TOSSUP 11. Arkansas Senator Joseph Robinson was expected to be one of the first beneficiaries of this program, which was made unnecessary by the retirement of Willis Van Devanter and a surprise vote by Owen Roberts. Targeting anyone who did not retire at age seventy, it was a response to the overturning of the Bituminous Coal Conservation Act and to the decision in the Sick Chicken case. For 10 points, name this New Deal scheme to counteract conservative influence on the Supreme Court by creating new judicial seats.ANSWER: Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s court packing plan [accept clear descriptive equivalents before final sentence, e.g. “FDR’s plan to add or create new Supreme Court justice positions”]<Weiner>

TOSSUP 12. One of his paintings features a man reading the newspaper in the center while a tophatted gentleman inspects a product in the foreground and several others lean against windows. In another, an unhappy-looking woman with a large piece of headgear sits with a disheveled man around a glass of green liquid. For 10 points, name this painter of The Cotton Exchange at New Orleans and The Absinthe Drinker who used recurring themes in such works as The Morning Bath, The Steeplechase, and Dance Class.ANSWER: Hillaire Germain Edgar Degas<Weiner>

TOSSUP 13. Gordy suggested it could be seen as the potential at an atom’s surface defined as the effective nuclear charge over atomic radius. It can be approximated from work functions of metals or from force constants from IR spectrographs. These approximations can be adjusted via approximate scales such as the Allred-Rochow, Mulliken, or Pauling scales. Francium has the lowest value of, for 10 points, what measure of an atom’s ability to attract electrons, for which fluorine has the highest value?ANSWER: electronegativity<Mitchell>

TOSSUP 14. Those who obey it strictly will never eat in the dark and will wear the mukhavastrika, a facemask. The anuvrata only must practice it towards animals, but the mahavrata must pay attention to all jiva with this principle, including insects, plants, and atoms. For 10 points, name this principle of “noninjury” which dominates Jainism and is important to Hinduism and Gandhi’s satyagraha.ANSWER: ahimsa [prompt on nonviolence, noninjury, etc before “noninjury” is read]<Weiner>

TOSSUP 15. He started as a boxer nicknamed “Kid Crocetti” and later used Les Brown’s band and a troupe called The Golddiggers in his self-titled variety show. He also played Michael Whitacre in The Young Lions and Sam Harmon in the 1960 version of Ocean’s Eleven. He used apple juice as a prop to simulate his “lovable drunk” character, and recorded such songs as “Memories Are Made of This,” “Everybody Loves Somebody,” and “That’s Amore.” For 10 points, name this former partner of Jerry Lewis.ANSWER: Dean Martin<Pickrell>

TOSSUP 16. This technique can result in an enhancement known as the Overhauser Effect. HETCOR and COSY are examples of two-dimensional types of this process, which often uses TMS as a reference compound. The coupling constant is denoted J in this technique, and its Carbon-13 type requires cross polarization and a strong pulse. Developed by Purcell and Bloch, For 10 points, name this method of chemical analysis which produces a graph of absorption peaks created by chemical shifts from an applied magnetic field, abbreviated NMR.ANSWER: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy [accept NMR before it is read]<Westbrook>

TOSSUP 17. Under Dwight Eisenhower, this position was held by James Hagerty. The first man to hold it was Stephen Early, who took the job in 1937 and stayed with it for eight years. More recently, it has been held by Marlin Fitzwater, Mike McCurry, and Ari Fleischer. For 10 points, name this position in the executive branch held by Scott McClellan until he was replaced in 2006 by Tony Snow.ANSWER: White House Press Secretary<Yaphe>

TOSSUP 18. He coined the name “Servant Girl Annihilator” for a serial killer in Austin, Texas, and he wrote such books as The Voice of the City and Strictly Business. His 1906 collection took its title from the population of New York City at the time and was called The Four Million. That work included his tale about the poor Jim and Della who make sacrifices to buy one another gifts on Christmas. For 10 points identify this short story writer of such works as “The Last Leaf,” “The Gift of the Magi,” and “The Ransom of Red Chief.”ANSWER: O. Henry [or William Sidney Porter]<Berdichevsky>

CATEGORY QUIZ BONUSES

ARTS: Charles Doudelet and Carlos Schwabe illustrated a printed version, and both Gabriel Faure and Jean Sibelius wrote music for it. For 15 points, name this Maurice Maeterlinck play, more notably adapted in a Schoenberg symphonic poem and a Debussy opera.ANSWER: Pelléas et Mélisande<Kwartler>

CALCULATION: “Z equals two plus two i times the square root of two.” For 15 points, find z cubed.ANSWER: 64i [grudgingly accept 64cis90 or 64cis pi over 2]<Feist>

CURRENT EVENTS: Like the Secret Service, it was originally established to combat counterfeiting. It can issue “red notices” calling for the arrest and extradition of a specific individual. For 15 points name this transgovernmental organization headquartered in Lyon, France.ANSWER: Interpol [or International Criminal Police Organization]<Douglass>

GEOGRAPHY: The Purgatoire is a tributary of this river, which flows through Garden City and Dodge City in Kansas and approaches Tulsa in Oklahoma. For 15 points, name this river which goes through Van Buren and Pine Bluff in its eponymous state.ANSWER: Arkansas River<Meigs>

HISTORY: The prime ministers of eleven colonies gathered at St. Paul’s Cathedral to celebrate this event in 1897. For 15 points, name this lavish one-time holiday in Britain that marked the sixtieth year of Queen Victoria’s reign.ANSWER: the Diamond Jubilee<Weiner>

LITERATURE: Gangster movie fan Monsieur Cottard survives the title event but dies anyway in a shootout with the police. For 15 points, identify this Albert Camus novel in which Dr. Bernard Rieux manages a public health crisis in Oran.ANSWER: The Plague [or La Peste]<Weiner>

POPULAR CULTURE: Leon Kennedy is working for the federal government in this game, which debuted as a GameCube exclusive. For 15 points, name this Capcom release which substitutes a European village of crazy people for the usual zombies.ANSWER: Resident Evil 4 [do not accept or prompt on partial answer]<Weiner>

RMP: He spent four years as a naval codebreaker during World War II before returning to Harvard to write such works as Word and Object. For 15 points, name this philosopher who wrote From A Logical Point of View and Two Dogmas of Empiricism.ANSWER: Willard van Orman Quine<Weiner>

SCIENCE: It can be synergistic or antagonistic, and is often seen in dihybrid crosses as a modified 9 to 3 to 3 to 1 ratio. For 15 points, name this term that describes a phenotype affected by the action of another one or several independently assorting genes.ANSWER: epistasis<Rahman>

SOCIAL SCIENCE: This collaborator of Hans Gerth wrote The Sociological Imagination. For 15 points, name this Marxist who criticized 1950s American society in White Collar and The Power Elite.ANSWER: Charles Wright Mills<Weiner>

STRETCH ROUND

TOSSUP 19. Of the three countries which border the Gulf of Fonseca, this one has the longest shoreline on that body. The ruins of Copán and Mount Las Minas may be found in this country, which has several prominent cities beside the capital, including the capital’s twin city of Comayagüela and the industrial center of San Pedro Sula. For 10 points, name this country which borders Guatemala, El Salvador, and Nicaragua.ANSWER: Republic of Honduras [or Republica de Honduras]<Weiner>

BONUS. This equation reveals that the natural logarithm of the rate constant versus the inverse temperature is a straight line. For 10 points each:[10] Name this equation named for the Swedish chemist who discovered it.ANSWER: Arrhenius equation[10] The Arrhenius equation also depends on this value, the amount of energy that must be added to a system for a reaction to begin.ANSWER: activation energy [or threshold energy][10] This constant, which relates temperature to energy, is often used in place of the gas constant in the Arrhenius equation. It is equal to 1.38 times 10 to the minus 23 joules per Kelvin.ANSWER: Boltzmann constant<Wolpert>

TOSSUP 20. In Zorastrianism, the Chinvat is one of these and is protected by Rashnu. In Islam, one called Jehennam or al Sirat is as sharp as a sword and thin as a spider’s thread. Samebito and Totaro fought on one in Shinto, and the Roman hero Horatus Cocles defended one from invading Etruscans, while one named Ram Sethu was built in the Ramayana. For 10 points, name these structures that often link the Earth to the afterlife in various mythologies and will cause impure souls to fall off while crossing.ANSWER: bridges<Weiner>

BONUS. They are being sought by the LISA and LIGO experiments, and are mathematically given by “box-squared of psi equals zero.” For ten points each:[10] Identify these postulated phenomena, which are radiated by two massive objects orbiting each other.ANSWER: gravitational waves or gravity waves[10] Gravitational waves arise as solutions to this set of equations which govern the behavior of objects in general relativity.ANSWER: Einstein’s equations[10] Hulse and Taylor won a Nobel Prize for their discovery of a binary system consisting of a star and one of these objects, which was found to be radiating gravity waves.ANSWER: pulsars<Vinokurov>

TOSSUP 21. In one of his plays, Mellefont and Lord Touchwood are targeted by the scheming Jack Maskwell. In another, Angelica ultimately married Valentine Legend. He also wrote a play, Lady Wishfort’s amorous desires complicate Mrs. Millamant’s plan to keep honest under the influence of Mirabell. For 10 points, Love for Love, The Double Dealer, and The Way of the World were written by what author who also penned lines about music soothing a savage breast and scorned women having hell-like fury?ANSWER: William Congreve<Weiner>

BONUS. Name these aquatically-themed works, for 10 points each.[10] A friend of Claude Debussy wrote of particular satisfaction with the first movement, “From dawn until noon,” in this symphonic portrait of the title location.ANSWER: La mer [or The Sea][10] “The Sea and Sinbad’s Ship” is the first movement of this Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov suite, with a prominent solo violin part representing a legendary narrator.ANSWER: Scheherezade[10] Both Mendelssohn and Beethoven wrote works with this tile, taken from the Goethe poem of the same name that gives thanks for a safe trip following a lull in the winds.ANSWER: Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage [or Meerstille und glückliche Fahrt]<Ismail>

TOSSUP 22. The fine laminated structure of this class of rocks results from a slow lithification which, if disrupted, results in mudstone. Fissile rocks of grain sizes between those of siltstones and mudstones, these composites are composed of at least one forth clay. Phyllite and schist are second and third metamorphs of this type of rock, which is directly metamorphosed into slate. For 10 points, name this most common form of sedimentary rock, some of which are known to contain oil and the Burgess example of which contains many Cambrian fossils.ANSWER: shales<Sorice>

BONUS. Name these things from The Canterbury Tales, for 10 points each.[10] In The Nun’s Priest’s Tale, this rooster has seven wives, including Pertelote, and is captured after the orange fox flatters him into singing.ANSWER: Chanticleer[10] In this tale, Palamon and Arcite are Theban soldiers who fight for the hand of the Amazon Emelye. Palamon wins thanks to a fortuitous earthquake.ANSWER: The Knight’s Tale[10] This teller’s fifth husband, Jankyn, caused her to go deaf in one ear by striking her in the head. She talks about a knight whose ugly old wife transforms into a beautiful maidenANSWER: The Wife of Bath<Douglass>

TOSSUP 23. He and James Noe to create the Win or Lose Oil Company, which funded his political campaigns. Both his son Russell and wife Rose served in the Senate, which he did not do until his flunky Oscar Allen filled his vacated state-level position. For 10 points, name this “Share the Wealth” advocate who was assassinated by Carl Weiss in Baton Rouge, a Louisiana populist known as the “Kingfish.”ANSWER: Huey Pierce Long<Yaphe>

BONUS. Identify these terms from a form of Buddhism, for 10 points each.[10] Arising in China as a form of Mahayana Buddhism, this school, which became popular in Japan, focuses on the direct individual experience of enlightenment, often by means of koans. ANSWER: Zen [10] Literally meaning “understanding,” this is the indescribable internal experience of enlightenment in Zen Buddhism. ANSWER: satori [or wu][10] This Indian-born monk, who is said to have invented tea after cutting off his eyelid, is called the founder of Zen and has a name combining a tree and a way of life.ANSWER: Bhodidharma [or Tamo; or Daruma]<Yang>

TOSSUP 24. He quotes Tacitus in order to address the importance of pricking one’s thumbs to make a pact in a section titled “Of Thumbs,” which follows “On Tasting Nothing Pure.” He also wrote “On the Power of the Imagination” and “Of Cannibals” in that collection, whose longest chapter discusses a theologian from Toulouse in the “Apology for Raymond Sebond.” For 10 points, identify this man who wrote “to philosophize is to learn to die” and created a new literary genre in his Essays.ANSWER: Michel Eyquem de Montaigne<Berdichevsky>

BONUS. Answer the following about a painter and his work, for 10 points each:[10] His The Great Bathers was inspired by Manet, but this Provence-born artist truly excelled in painting series, as in his Card Players, and in experimenting with still-life. ANSWER: Paul Cezanne[10] In 1886 Cezanne marked his abandonment of Impressionism with a series of paintings depicting this Estaque landmark.ANSWER: Mont Sainte-Victoire[10] Cezanne’s landscapes are often called a forerunner of this school of twentieth-century art, which had analytic and synthetic varieties.ANSWER: cubism<Berdichevsky>

TOSSUP 25. The regent of this kingdom, Bunus, died powerless, allowing Epopeus to conquer this city. Braereus the Hecatoncheire decided which god was to be worshipped in this city, with the sea-level going to Poseidon and the towers to Helios. One of its kings told Asopus where to find Aegina, while another, along with his queen Periboea, adopted the abandoned Oedipus. For 10 points, name this city ruled by Polybus and by a man who chained down Death and had to roll a stone up a hill forever, Sisyphus.ANSWER: Corinth<Weiner>

BONUS. Identify these figures from a certain country in the 20th century, for 10 points each.[10] This political leader of the Long March wrote a “Little Red Book.”ANSWER: Mao Zedong[10] Forced to work in a tractor factory after he was purged, this man was rehabilitated and became party chairman in 1981, overseeing China’s economic opening.ANSWER: Deng Xiaoping[10] He served as premier and foreign minister from the founding of the People’s Republic of China until his 1976 death and pushed to reestablish China’s relationship with the United States.ANSWER: Zhou Enlai<Douglass>

TOSSUP 26. Specialized RNA molecules called snoRNAs (snow-R-N-A) are found in it, where they cleave the internal transcribed spacer ITS1. The protein fibrillin is associated with it, as are structures such as paraspeckles, Cajal bodies, and Sam68 bodies. Divided into the densely packed granular component and the fibrillar centers, condensed chromatin is often seen at its periphery. For 10 points, name this organelle found in plant and animal cells, the location of ribosomal RNA transcription that is actually a sub-compartment of the nucleus.ANSWER: nucleolus [prompt on nucleus]<Wolpert>

BONUS. There have been three groups named the Progressive Party in U.S. history. For 10 points per part:[10] After being shot, Theodore Roosevelt declared himself one of these, coining the nickname for the last non-Democratic or Republican ticket to finish second in a Presidential race.ANSWER: Bull Moose[10] In 1924, this leading US opponent of World War I took up the Progressive nomination but carried only his home state of Wisconsin.ANSWER: Robert Maron La Follete, Sr[10] This Secretary of Agriculture and later Vice-President edited The New Republic before running as the candidate of the pro-Soviet Progressive Party in 1948.ANSWER: Henry Agard Wallace<Weiner>

TOSSUP 27. Several of this man’s piano works have been recorded in recent years by his son Maxim; his pieces for the piano include the Merry March and Seven Dolls’ Dances. After running afoul of censors with his nihilistic Fourth Symphony, this composer salvaged his career and life with his Fifth Symphony, subtitled a “Soviet Artist’s Reply to Just Criticism.” For 10 points, name this composer of The Nose and fifteen symphonies, including the First of May, Babi Yar, and Leningrad.ANSWER: Dmitri Dmitryevich Shostakovich<Ismail>

BONUS. His unfinished final novel, The Last Tycoon, centers on Monroe Stahr. For 10 points each:[10] Name this author who also wrote the autobiographical The Crack-Up.ANSWER: F. Scott Fitzgerald (Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald)[10] Fitzgerald’s first major success was this novel centering on Amory Blaine’s college days at Princeton, failed love for Rosaline Commase, and service in World War I.ANSWER: This Side of Paradise[10] Published in Tales of the Jazz Age, this Fitzgerald short story sees Hades native John T. Unger befriend Percy Washington, who possesses a valuable large object.ANSWER: “The Diamond as Big as the Ritz” [or “The Diamond in the Sky”]<Douglass>

TOSSUP 28. A Spanish army defeated Austria at the Battle of Bitonto during this conflict, which led Don Carlos to take the crown of the Two Sicilies under the name Charles III. The Confederation of Dzików supported one claimant in this conflict, which was precipitated by the death of Augustus the Strong and the discordant resolutions of rival sejms. For 10 points, name this 1733 to 1738 war between supporters of Frederick Augustus II and supporters of Stanislaw Leszczynski for a vacant Eastern European throne.ANSWER: the War of the Polish Succession<Weiner>

BONUS. To the west of this region lie Cardigan and Caernarfon Bays. For 10 points per part:[10] Name this constituent of the United Kingdom whose capital is Cardiff.ANSWER: Wales [or Cymry][10] This longest British river has its source in Wales, flowing through the English cities of Shrewsbury and Worcester before its estuary meets the Bristol Channel.ANSWER: River Severn [or Hafren][10] These mountains cross Wales from north to south and contain the sources of the Severn and the Wye. They share their name with a geological time period.ANSWER: Cambrian Mountains<Meigs>