2005 Nikifor Akis

7/21/2019 2005 Nikifor Akis

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, 2005


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TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTE

(T. E. I) OF CRETE

SCHOOL OF FOOD TECHNOLOGY AND DIETETICS

DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS

SUBJECT

ANTIOXIDANTS IN EDIBLE WILD PLANTS OF TRADITIONAL GREEK

NUTRITION

SUPERVISOR PROFESOR:PSAROUDAKI ANTONIA

DIPLOMATICAL SURVEY OF:NIKIFORAKIS EMMANOUIL

SILLIGARDOU MARIA

SITIA, 2005


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SUMMARY

The purpose of this assignment is to present a bibliographic overview of the research

carried out so far, concerning study of the chemical composition of wild domestic plants, and

in particular, their antioxidant substances. The assignment! consists of three parts:

a. The first part includes an inventory and a description of the domestic plants consumed in

Greece, presenting both their popular and scientific name.

b. The second part presents the results of recent studies. Several clinical studies have

proven how useful antioxidants are for the human body, since it has been made clear that

they protect it from cardiac diseases and cancer while they also contain anti-aging

properties. Furthermore, the study describes their function and the way in which they

contribute to what has previously been mentioned.

c. The third part mainly focuses on the methods of collection as well as the traditional ways

of cooking those plants.


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7: Taraxacum officinale(4')

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8: Tragopogon L. (()

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9: Centaurea idaea(&)

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11: Scolymus L('(#))

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##'4![1, 2, 4, 5]

.


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-.

14: Sinapis alba(7$)

: www. crete_sherwoodonline. de

0+1

"!&'%&*: Sinapis alba

'.&:!+! (Cruciferae)

5##&(: 1!, #!='!, 3!+1!, !&1!, !'"!

1%:

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$!-!) $!#&*4!$2!! (!!-!) $!').*$0!"!$%'5!. 0!

4)#!4)!5!0!!(#%%+ ("!3(0). $!(00!$+#4$0"*4%(!'##)#!

3'5!, #(0, 3$+ 2 $. $!(2*+(#13$1$!",!4"(%+[1, 2,

3, 6].

15:Eruca Sativa Lank((')

:www. jardinmudani. org


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(%+!*!0+!!,2!"!16+3 (%,#) $!(0"(!(%)4+!%)'+

!"(!0(##2,2*%.

"!&'%&*: Eruca Sativa Lank(1"$!)4-43))

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5##&(:%$!, !&%$!, !613!, !-3!, 1$!

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1=+ 20-50$. $!(""%3$2,2. 9*,1##!("*4$!')#+$'

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!*1$!$+#4$%$!(2*$0!$!"!$0!.4"(23!!.

+!'! " %#) ) ##'4! . !+,+2 )3!+,+2 !##' $!

$!##&13[1, 2, 5, 7]

.

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16: Portulaca oleracea(#*,)

:www. holoweb. com

-2*!

?! &." "+ !*!0+ . !4'*) ("$+04), %,!", !#)%!!,2!" !+$+0.&!,!3!$+$2)4%).

"!&'%&*: Portulaca oleracea (+#'$!)#!*!-4))

'.&:+#+$4- (Portulaceae)

5## &(:!4'*#), +"04!, "04!, !'$#!, *%!, 2#!(#)

"$#30"!


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1%:

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9* 3$' *4', "&&+#', ,1##! $! 3$' $0! ') (+ !!(1""! "

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.

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17: Solanum nigrum L(1&))


.*+3

"!&'%&*: Solanum nigrum L. (#'32#!)

'.&:+*.4-

5##&(:"1,, "1*, !&3!', .3%*, 3!+$+"%, "1,&&!,

3!+%*, !3(#+04! (0&!), $,0 (!0)) (3)#%* (1()

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",!4'&!, 3!1)%!.3'"$!(2*(##13$1"(%+[1, 2, 3, 6].

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18: Plantago lanceolata(&&)

: www. meditflora. com


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$*$&

"!&'%&*: Plantago lanceolata (#!!&%#&*42)

'.&:#!!&4-

5##&(:(!1, !%."", ('+

1%:

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:) #+$'. '=!3 2 "(23!!, #0!, !+#!$.' ".$'. 80"$!" #'4! $!

"$%(+" #%$#)))##'4![1, 2, 6]

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19:Erodium

: www. vib. es

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"!&'%&*: Erodium cicutariumL. (.4%$.)

'.&:!04 (Geraniaceae)

5##&(:*'$, #04!

1%:0! ,+% *!3)#%, *+4.% 3 !,% #!"% 1=+ 20-40$. $! ,1##!

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!!50. $!(% $!' ) .03!") + 40 5 $!(04! 3%"(3! 3 3!$1

'3,[1, 2, 7]

.


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20:Amarantus blitum(7#%)


0-*

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'.&:3!!04 (Amarantaceae)

5##&(:#, " ()), #", !&%#)!

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"+&$.32!",1(+!!(1""!$+0."'$.#!"-[1, 2, 3, 6].

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21:Bryonia officinalis ($-&)

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1)

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'.&:"$4- (Dioscoraceae)

5## &(:+.', ', !4!', !+', ,!3!$', !3(#!04!, %*,

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)#+$'. !!"$'0!(!".(', "!5!0-!)#+$'$.(', 3)[1, 2,

3, 6].

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22:Algae


"!&'%&*: Algae Hydrophyta Hydpophycae (+$-4))

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1%:

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"'"3!2!!14!!. '(!,1!"+&2(*2$!'##!0!(!'"!. ##'0!(-4)$!'##!*4-4)

[1, 2].


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--($

23:Ranunculus L. ('#)

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"!&'%&*:Ranunculus L. (!1&$+#)

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5##&(:!&$1#!

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#2(!$!,%$#%)![1, 2].

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5##&(:-

1%:2, 42(#+2!3-4(%! *., 3,1##! (!##'""!

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35/89

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!(#.' (2!#!. 3 8 " 41 "2 '"+. 1# 3!$% 3 4 "0&3!!

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24:Asparagus Aphyllus ("5)

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.%4

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Asparagus maritimus ("('!&(!'#), ,+-""32(!'#(*2

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"))

Asparagus acutifolius ("('!&51,+##), +('*")##'4!$!")1(


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Asparagus verticillatus ("('!& "(4+#-4)), "+!'! "! +' )

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3!. !53#!, 3$'.

"!&'%&*:Asparagus officinalis ("('!&,!3!$+$%)

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1%:

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4!$#!406! $! 5+#(1! !($-!1= 1-23. + #!"1 "*)3!06!

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!"$')#+$'. "(!'&&0!40$3,+'3%!"$')#+$'. $!(%

",!$%, $%$$$!').03!")(2* 3-6 "(%+[1, 2, 6, 7].

25:Allium subhirsutum (&%&*(")

:www. unict. it


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4--

"!&'%&*:Allium subhirsutum(%3+(%4!")

'.&:#4-04.

5##&(:1$4! (;'$+) !&%(!"

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26: Silene("#)

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5## &(: "(1#!, ,+"$14 ((*#), $+$$'$ (;'$+), %( (1(),

$1(!#()), #+#+4'$


38/89

38

1%:

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(##'$"3)$'$!!##-*"3![1, 2, 6].

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27: Urtika dioika L('&*,)

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2&!

."!(%)!*!%)!"!$04)!$'#+=) (%,!")

"!&'%&*:Urtika dioika L. (+0$))40$)

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5## &(: !6$04!, !&&06!, $04), !&$04!, "1*!, "$!, "$04!,

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$!+"$, +0$))",!!$, +0$))33!-4).

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30"*. !')3,!06!)'5), 0"$!"3!"*!#!0+"(41#+$!0!


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39

*-3!!"($%$$+(!"$0+. !!"$'') 0"$!" 5*."'

,+'!(%!)#+$'[1, 2, 7].

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28: Rumex spp (")

: www. Jardimundani. org

%#

(%+!*!0+!!,2!"!#'(!, 5+#'(!("$+04), %,!")

"!&'%&*:Rumex spp.-Rumex dotusifolius L. (135!3#1,+##)

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.


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29:Malva ssp (/#()

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04)3#%*!$! 1 )3!+,+2. Malva aegyptia('#!)&+(0!), Malva cretica('#!

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Malva parviflora ('#!)3$!), Malva pusilla('#!)3$').

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"0!$!8. ,$[1, 2, 5, 6, 7]

.


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30: Prasium maju (&.)

: www. vib. es

2

"!&'%&*:Prasium majus ('"32&!)

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+!'!")##'4!, "(-4%(+[1, 2, 7]

.


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31: Papaver Roeas L("&)

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*)"03+!&!!(!!"$+!"13!$.4'.

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.


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$1-2((

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32:Daucus Visnaga()

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'.&:$!4,%.+3##,%.

5##&(:$!!&', $!0&!, ,.#', *!#!'! (1(), "+3,.03'4.

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$!##&13+!&1$!!33-4%(+"4',(*2)##'4![1, 2, 6]

.

33:Apium Graveolens(.#!&)

:www. jardinmundani. org


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44

2,-

"!&'%&*:Apium Graveolens (:(!1"3)

'.&:$!4,%.+3##,%.

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("*6$'() 0!",!$%[1, 2]

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35:Tordyhum apulum L ('#*,)

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'.&:$%+#)$&2!$!4,%.+3##,%.

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1%:

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!+#!$.% $!'3$. 1##!("*4" 33!! ##($'4"$4 (3$)

#(', 4.'. :)#+$'%4!$!'"$'4! (3(2#). !(%4"$4[1, 2, 6].

34: Pimpinella peregrina("*#)

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'%!$--

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4.'$!!!-!333!!&!334. !')0!#+$', $!(%30*

%. +!'!"(-4)%(+, (!1")##'4![1, 2, 6].

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:www. botany. cs. tamu. edu


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5&"

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.

36: Foeniculum vulgare(/)

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.


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48/89

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5-(Malva spp): +%34", +$'$!+&&1"). !+,',1##!$!

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+##2&!!(% ' 2. '. -&! ! +,''$! (#!"'!)

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,'*+36!60$, !##'!&!!&&1$%+3=#- =#"04!

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'##!*%!. (0")$!!"!##'*')((')&1")).

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+ &! ) (!!"$+ !" "!#'! 3!60 3 ) (!+"0! !4$- $! '##.

'&.*%..


49/89

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(Uropermum picroides): 0! *% +,% $! $!# (%)!. )

!*"+##2&!!!',+'3!603'##!"+.*%!$!!&%!+,0

#!"0+&!)(!!"$+!""!#'!.

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*%(!*"!#'!.(!".

%+ (Papaver Roeas L): +##2&! %! 0! !' !(% 2# +

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)(!!"$+*%(!$!!""!#'!.

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3!&32). !&$'! -&! .3 3 #!4#23. !&1! 3%) !##'

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(0")$!0!(&+"$'!(%$!(%. +##2&!!(%'.'.

&-!# (Tordylium apulum L): 0! *% 3+.4'. +##2&! !(%

23.(0#. )"3(0!3!603'##!*%!"(0$!""!#'.

2##0&(""%'"3&!00!"!$-4.

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'5). )"3(0!&!)(!!"$+!""!#'!3!603'##!'&!*%!.

-$ (Erodium cicutarium): +##2&! $!' ) (04 + *3-! $! )

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50/89

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"!#'$!!#!""'. +##2&+3!,1##!, !+,'#!"'!$!)'"()+

06!, *3-!$!'5).

0-* (Amarantus blitum): +##2&! $+0. $!#$!0. )"3(0! ")

"!#'!3)"+40!"$%4+$!5+41, !##'$!3'##!*%!3!60, %(.&!*0

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+"0!"3$("%)!"++,1#!"1$!"!,1##!, 3&!#1)"

$!(% $! " 06. +##2&! !(% +' 2. (0#, 3% ! +,'

#!"'!$!!,1##!. -&!"!#'!, !,1'"+3"(""%!!(%41

', *1!(-$!41&!!5($0"+.

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51/89

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#0!!4!"$2-"(+"+42!34',!"2. !!54.$'(0")

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54/89

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13,.! #(%3 !(#2"3!! . +-[29]

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$,+#"$2 !"2, 0! 04 ")3!$ 3 ) !!$'#+=) + %#+ .3$&!"3-"3#+"3!$2!"2 (Bray, 1999)

[38].

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55/89

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4!"$24%!+'!3%!(2*+!"16+$!)#$%!. (12"1$#!!

54-"+$!!#'=+6.$'#&$'3%!, %(.#0(), (.A$! DNA.

#+!$%"! #(!' 52! (+ 0! ".3!.32! " $+!$2 33'

0!4!0!+!0")!")504."). +)4!4$!"0!&.".+(504.").

#(40. LP #!3'32"(##2(!#&$2$!!"'".$+'.(+4)&0

+#'*""'! +$+'+. 06++45+#0+ (OH-) ,!0!!0!!

#!' ROS 04)[38].

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%!5+&%!'&!"%")!!(+"$!#+"04!.6.!-"-$!'

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3#2 " (##2 *- (+ +(4)#-+ ) $ "+"*2") 3!51 "+*%)!

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$+!$' $! ! 4!,$' !54.$' $!!"2##+ #!2 54.$2

4!4$!"04-!.[62, 81]:

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(4)3#&$23#2 2*+ 405%3&!#1("#=!+- ."+"!$-

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+('*3&'#4!,2&!)3#2).,+"$-"+"!$-32!$!%)!$!

%#!+%")+&0!$!)4!,[62, 67, 81]

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[49, 53].

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59/89

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) LDL *#)"%#), $!-$! ! +$04!, "+3'##!$'")(%#)=)

$!4!$-(!".[13, 20, 29]

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+*-,/ ),/:

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,#&32. (!+5'+ ! !(#2"3!! ) !30) 8 $! ("!1+ !(%

!##&0 $! &!"3% !(% #1 06. 9*+ (0") ) $!%)! !

3(406+ )"+&$2.") .!3(!#0.$! (32.! #!-+ $04+

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+' ! 4!"$' 4'3"! + 5+&%+, 2*+ *()0 &! 4',

(!#&$2 4&!"0 %(. ) (3%#+") !+3'., $!$0 $! ) &!"). !

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#!*"(0)"))5$4'")!+-.-".. (8*)30! Champe Harvey "#.

114) ($2+"0(+"*06!3 ) 4'") ) +!%) 0! ! &."'

!30) E $! C.

(!,+"#&$% 3)*!"3% + $!!'$) (#!3' !(!$ (0(4!

+!%), ('&3!(++(4)#-2!!(!$!54.$%3)*!"3%32"!"

,!$%+3!1[20, 29, 31]

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")3!$2!54.$2+"0$!32!##!"+3'##!$'")+&0!. 3#2)

!+ 45'*)$ ") 4'$! + !$!4)3!/$1 2+ 2000-2001 " "&!$%

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%* ) 3#2) !+ 0!: ! &0 $03)") ) ($ $!'"!") )

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' 2000 !(%'$# (8. ))[10].

,3-),3/ (#)*2#"3/) %'!,:

Tordylium apulum($!+$!#0!): (2* 2, 426 mg/100gr +&%', 32&")3

"+&$2."))"+#$!-$,%#).[10]

Portulaca ("04!):(2* 12, 2+ 0. 4mg /100gr +&%'[10]

Chichorium spinosum (!3!&$'):(2* 9, 78 + 0, 05mg /100gr +&%'[10]

Stypocaulon Scoparium (1$)):(0")$!-$,%#)[10]


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!"#$%&'()*+,- .

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,3)

Rumex (#'(!):(2*)3&!#1)("%)!"+#$-,!#- 102, 56 +

3, 13 mg/100gr $!!1'+[10]

Chichorium pumilum($*- (+&3!0): (2* 93, 643 + 0, 28 mg /100gr

$!!1'+[10]

Foeniculum vulgare('!):(2* 82, 521 + 0, 60mg /100gr +&1'+[10]

!*!3)#%!("'(0")$!":

Allium Subhirstum (&%(!"):2* 14, 54 + 0, 65mg/100gr +&1'+[10]

Stypocaulon scoparium:2* 6, 735 + 0, 52 mg/100gr +&1'+[10, 11, 12]


64/89

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B.

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65/89

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8"5#"""4#"#C?!"#9C#"

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B B

00B 2B

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**$E!-HIJKLMN,O(&'+L',+P%QL',R'MS(&'+,T%+JU'+VWSJ*(L'M*+K'M'(S

***#45""FG3HTM*,)%VPOXQLY(',SFG3

11118:FE!H&'+*+Z,LN(L'+VWJ)&(YMFE!

5*'%3 Oenothera pimpineloides:0! 2! ,+% 3 3&'#) !54.$ 4'"). 2* 0,

222 + 0, 018$E!-#45""FG3

Ranunculus Ficarioides:2* 3,812 + 1, 27$E!-#45""FG3


66/89

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Prasium majus('"):2*!+5)32)"+&$2.")!-$,%#) $!"+#$2

,!%# 0, 818 + 0, 27$E!-#45""FG3

Chichorium pumilum(!4$#'"!):2* 0, 696 + 0,55$E!- #4 5""F

G3

Urospermum picroides(&6*%): 2* 0, 83 + 0, 2$E!-#45""FG3

Foeniculum Vulgare('!):2* 1, 041 + 0, 15$E!-#45""FG3

Algae(+$-4)): 9* ")3!$ !54.$ 4'") 2,367 + 0,19$E!- #4

5""F G3. (2*!- $,%#)$!"+#$2,!%#. 9*%3.'##!

!54.$'%(.-$!2$!+!%)[10, 17, 18, 19]

.

%" (Portulaca oleracea): 2* !+5)32! ("' !- $,%#), !30) ,

+!%)$!'##![10]

.

#' (Chichorium spinosum):2*")3!$'("'!30) C, B-$!0),

!-$,%#), ,!%# $! +!%). !- (0") ")3!$ 0! ) (!+"0!

##$152 (W3)[10]

8!"6%3"4',3#2(+0*!.'"))($"1"!")'&.

*%."+&$-)$!!(!!$'."*0!:

Foeniculum vulgare (3'!):2*4',3,2,#!4-[10, 17, 19]

Apium Graveolens (&"2#)): 2* ,#!42 !(0), !30) C,

8!30) E, $!,#$%51[10, 17, 19, 68]

Cynara (&!&$'!):2* $+0. !30) $! 4', !30 +

"+3(#2&3!8[10, 17, 19, 68]

Portulaca oleracea(#"04!):2* !30) , !30) C $! !30)

81(!30)). )3!$'("'8-$!0)$!##$152, (!!))$!.

[10, 17, 19, 68]

Rumex ('(!):2*")3!$'("'!30) C[10, 17, 19, 68]

Urtica dioika ("+$04!): 2*,#!42, $$0)[10, 17, 19, 68]

Taracacum officinale (!!5'$): 2*!30), !30) C $!!30) D,

$!- (0") $! !30 + "+3(#2&3! 8. (0") $! $!4 $!

,!%#[10, 17, 19]

Hypochoeris (+(*0): #)$! 8 +.(!/$' 04) + &2+ !+1 $!

!!$'#+=!4+$+0.*)3$11(+3 Luteolin isoetin.$1,#!%[10,

17, 68]


67/89

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Centaurea idaea (!1): 82)$!%(2* 8 04),#!-[10, 17, 19]

0!$! 4 (+!$#+0 0!!(% 3#2)[68]

(+ 2& &! )"1"!") (-3

!&0!*%!. (%!!(#2"3!!#2(+3%!(!!4"!$'$)$'*('$!

0!(#1"!",#!43!(!!('.,2#)(+2*+&!)$!#1)+&'

+!-(+&!"31.

!"#$"#%$&$'()'*%+%",-+.'/!"'0%!$'#'"#!&$"#'0%!$%"$'#"'

[*K\+Y, ]O*+V%'Q&M %*V%'Q&M ^,O'%,XQ&M (Y\%*KXM N+_%&Q&M L,*(Y&%'Q&M

]`*(a, . 0. 0 b2

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c,PKS 0 0 0 . . 2

(OV(XQa*( 0 0 b.

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'(\OXQ&(V(S 0 b0d,*',N+'`V+( 00 b .


68/89

68

(0

5' (Taraxacum officinale):

!06")3!$%%#")+&0!$!0!4!0!&.")!(+$+4'"):

+3'##")(%#)=)&! (2)*#)4%*+$1")$!& !+%!#)%

!($'#" ,0#+"+$.1

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- ('##+$%51!(%&!"3%

- 9+!(245!%2*!,#&3-4)4'")"!(0$!$!3(0!0!

*"3")!(0!)!*+(!#30!$!)$!4!$!+30![10, 11]

%" (Portulaca oleracea):

- 9*4+)$2$!!"$+$24%) (#%&.(#1"!($$%)!"!30) C)

- ##$%51 (W3) (+(2*"+3'##")30.")$!4(!-$!)

*#)"%#) (Chol)

- ! (#)($' $!' ) !'(+5) . $!$$- $+'. $! $!' .

$!4!&&!$-")3'.!,10!(#1"!"8-$!0)[10]

4!,/ (Sonchus oleraceus L):

- 0!$!4.$%

- *+3%+3(0!*)"3()0"!"2(![10]

+' (Bryonia officinalis):

- !!(#!"$%!03!

- 9*4+)$24%)

- !!06!,'

!!!! !+5)32("%)3(0!0!4)#))-4)[10]

&' (Asparagus):

- 2* 4+)$+"0! )!"(!!&0), )(0!"+3'##")!'(+5)$!

!!2.").$+'.[10]


69/89

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%" (Urtica dioika L):

- !!3$24%)

- 4!)$24%)

- +)$24%)[10]

' (Plantago):

!,1##!+2*+!4!)$2$!4+)$24%)[10, 41]

' (Cynara):

- !(#!"$%+!03!

- +3'##")!(0!)+(2!")

- (#"3!$%$!')!)"$#+"), !,1!(3!$1)*#)"%#)

(chol) !(%!03![10, 57]


70/89

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587../.

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71/89

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