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IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 1
Database Life Cycle and Introduction to Access
University of California, Berkeley
School of Information Management and Systems
SIMS 257: Database Management
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 2
Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 3
Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 4
Database Environment
CASE Tools
DBMS
UserInterface
ApplicationPrograms
Repository Database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 5
Database Components
DBMS===============
Design toolsTable CreationForm CreationQuery CreationReport Creation
Procedural language
compiler (4GL)=============
Run timeForm processorQuery processor
Report WriterLanguage Run time
UserInterface
Applications
ApplicationProgramsDatabase
Database contains:User’s DataMetadataIndexesApplication Metadata
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 6
Terms and Concepts
• Database• DBMS• Enterprise• Entity• Attributes• Data values• Records• File• Key• Primary Key
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 7
Terms and Concepts
• Data Dictionary
• Data Administration
• Database Administration
• Data Steward
• DA
• DBA
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 8
Terms and Concepts
• Data Independence• Models
– (1) Levels or views of the Database• Conceptual, logical, physical
– (2) DBMS types• Relational, Hierarchic, Network, Object-
Oriented, Object-Relational
• Metadata
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 9
Models (1)
ConceptualModel
LogicalModel
External Model
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Conceptual requirements
Application 1
Application 1
Application 2 Application 3 Application 4
Application 2
Application 3
Application 4
External Model
External Model
External Model
Internal Model
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 10
Data Models(2): History
• Hierarchical Model (1960’s and 1970’s)– Similar to data structures in programming
languages.
Books(id, title)
Publisher SubjectsAuthors
(first, last)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 11
Data Models(2): History
• Network Model (1970’s)– Provides for single entries of data and
navigational “links” through chains of data.
Subjects Books
Authors
Publishers
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 12
Data Models(2): History
• Relational Model (1980’s)– Provides a conceptually simple model for data
as relations (typically considered “tables”) with all data visible.
Book ID Title pubid Author id1 Introductio 2 12 The history 4 23 New stuff ab 3 34 Another title 2 45 And yet more 1 5
pubid pubname1 Harper2 Addison3 Oxford4 Que
Authorid Author name1 Smith2 Wynar3 Jones4 Duncan5 Applegate
Subid Subject1 cataloging2 history3 stuff
Book ID Subid1 22 13 34 24 3
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 13
Data Models(2): History
• Object Oriented Data Model (1990’s)– Encapsulates data and operations as
“Objects”
Books(id, title)
Publisher SubjectsAuthors
(first, last)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 14
Data Models(2): History
• Object-Relational Model (1990’s)– Combines the well-known properties of the
Relational Model with such OO features as:• User-defined datatypes• User-defined functions• Inheritance and sub-classing
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 15
Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 16
Database System Life Cycle
Growth,Change, &
Maintenance6
Operations5
Integration4
Design1
Conversion3
PhysicalCreation
2
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 17
Design
• Determination of the needs of the organization
• Development of the Conceptual Model of the database– Typically using Entity-Relationship
diagramming techniques
• Construction of a Data Dictionary• Development of the Logical Model
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 18
Physical Creation
• Development of the Physical Model of the Database– data formats and types– determination of indexes, etc.
• Load a prototype database and test• Determine and implement security,
privacy and access controls• Determine and implement integrity
constraints
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 19
Conversion
• Convert existing data sets and applications to use the new database– May need programs, conversion utilities to
convert old data to new formats.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 20
Integration
• Overlaps with Phase 3
• Integration of converted applications and new applications into the new database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 21
Operations
• All applications run full-scale
• Privacy, security, access control must be in place.
• Recovery and Backup procedures must be established and used
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 22
Growth, Change & Maintenance
• Change is a way of life– Applications, data requirements, reports, etc.
will all change as new needs and requirements are found
– The Database and applications and will need to be modified to meet the needs of changes
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 23
The “Cascade” View
Project Identifcation and Selection
ProjectInitiation
and Planning
Analysis
Logical Design
PhysicalDesign
Implementation
MaintenanceSee Hoffer, p. 42
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 24
Another View of the Life Cycle
Operations5
Conversion3
PhysicalCreation
2Growth, Change
6
Integration4
Design1
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 25
Lecture Outline
• Review
• Database Life Cycle
• Access and the Diveshop Database
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 26
Test Database
• The DiveShop database contains information for the business operations of a skin & scuba diving shop that:– Organizes trips to particular locations
(destinations) with various dive sites– Dive sites have various features including
• types of marine life found there• other features (like shipwrecks)
– Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers for particular trips.
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 27
ER Diagrams
• Entity-Relationship Diagrams are one of the main tools for database design
• We will examine ER diagrams in greater detail later
• ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles) and their attributes (ovals) and the relationships between entities (diamonds)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 28
Diveshop Entities: SITES
Destinationno
Site no
Site Name
SiteNotes
SiteHighlight
DistanceFrom Town (M)
DistanceFrom Town (Km)
Skill Level
Visibility(ft)
Depth (m)
Depth (ft)Sites
Visibility (m)
Current
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 29
Diveshop Entities: DIVECUST
Name
Customer no
Street
State/ProvCityZIP/Postal
Code
Country
First Contact
PhoneDiveCust
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 30
Diveshop Entities: DEST
Destinationname
Destination no
Avg Temp (F)
SpringTemp (F) Avg
Temp (C)Summer
Temp (C)
SummerTemp (F)
TravelCost
WinterTemp (C)
FallTemp (F)
FallTemp (C)Dest
WinterTemp (F)
Accommodations
Body ofWater
NightLife
SpringTemp (C)
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 31
Diveshop Entities: BIOLIFE
Category
Species no
CommonName
Length(cm)
SpeciesName
Length(in)
Notesexternal
GraphicexternalBioLife
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 32
Diveshop Entities: SHIPWRCK
Site no
Ship Name
Category
InterestType Tonnage
Length (ft)
Beam(m)
Beam(ft)
Length(m)Shipwrck
Cause
Commentsexternal
DateSunk
Passengers/Crew
Graphicexternal
Survivors
Condition
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 33
Diveshop Entities: DIVESTOK
Description
Item No
EquipmentClass
ReorderPoint
On Hand Cost
SalePrice
DiveStok RentalPrice
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 34
Diveshop Entities: DIVEORDS
CustomerNo
Order no
SaleDate
ShipVia
DestinationCCExpDate
CCNumber
PaymentMethodDiveOrds
No ofPeople
VacationCost
ReturnDate
DepartDate
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 35
Diveshop Entities: DIVEITEM
Item no
Order no
Rental/Sale
Qty
Line Note
DiveItem
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 38
DiveShop ER DiagramCustomer
No
ShipVia
Dest
Sites
BioSite
ShipVia
ShipWrck
BioLife DiveStok
DiveItem
DiveOrds
DiveCust
CustomerNo
ShipVia
OrderNo
OrderNo
ItemNo
ItemNo
DestinationName
Destination
SpeciesNo
Site No
Destinationno
Site No
Destinationno
SpeciesNo
Site No
1
1
1
1
1
1
1/n
1
1n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
1
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 39
Assignment 1 (also online)
• How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware?• What is customer Karen Ng’s address?• At what destinations and sites might you find a
Spotted Eagle Ray?• Where (what destination) is the site Palancar
Reef?• What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip?• Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip.
Is he going to the right place?• What equipment is Richard Denning getting?• What is the cost of the equipment rental for Louis
Jazdzewski
IS 257 - Fall 2002 2002.08.29 - SLIDE 40
Assignment 1: cont.
• The Database is available on the course web site
• Download your own copy• For each of the questions create a query
in Access.• Create a document (Word, etc.) containing
– The query being answered– The results of your query cut and pasted from
Access
• Due Tuesday Sept. 10