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Review: [untitled]Author(s): T. C. SkeatReviewed work(s): The Tebtunis Papyri, Vol. III, Part II by A. S. Hunt;J. G. Smyly;C. C. EdgarSource: The Classical Review, Vol. 53, No. 5/6, (Nov. - Dec., 1939), pp. 218-219Published by: Cambridge University Press on behalf of The Classical AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/702448Accessed: 01/07/2008 02:57

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THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 2I8 2I8 2I8 2I8

A. D. WINSPEAR and T. SILVERBERG' Who was Socrates? Pp. 96. New York: The Cordon Company, I939. Cloth, $I.25.

A LOWLY artisan, perhaps a slave, Socrates natur- ally adopted materialism and all the principles of sophists and democrats (who loved all radical thinkers-did Cleon really prosecute Euripides ?). After Xanthippe's death, he climbed socially by marrying Aristides' ' great-granddaughter' (0, ay- rp~8rv!) about 423 (p. 4o; about 414, p. 53). From 432 indeed he had been making money, and there- fore moving to the right. By 424 he has become a hoplite and friend of Alcibiades, who also served as a hoplite (on horseback!) at Delium. It is both true (p. 43) and false (p. 5I) that in 423 (Clouds) he and his friends were still poor. By 416 (Plato, Symp.) his conversion is complete; he has taken to washing himself (though still 'unwashed' in 414-Birds I554, but this is a joke) and to moving in distinguished circles. Conservative, oligarch, idealist, he has the approval henceforth of Aristo- phanes (who must have forgotten this at Frogs }49I). But soon he lost his money; ' Plutarch has preserved ' (no !) the story told by 'Libanus' about Socrates' loss of 80 minae (pp. 48, 53, 9o). (It is really in Libanius Apol. Soc. I7, which has ad- mittedly been preserved, though not by Plutarch.) He also lost his ' rugged honesty', and was reduced to 'abject financial dependence' on his oligarchic friends. This explains his campaign against arti- sans and democratic principles, and his champion- ship of the 'ten' generals who committed anti- democratic ' sabotage' at Arginusae. Friend of the Thirty, he was the 'evil genius' behind the oligarchic scene. Hence his trial. He made no defence. In prison, he evinced 'an almost morbid welcome of death'.

Hyperbolus embarrassed Pericles; 'dikasteria' is singular; wicked Pythagoreans mutilated 'the Hermes' (bis); and so on. But what really causes surprise is that one of the authors is an Associate- Professor in the University of Wisconsin, and that the book comes forth with the benison of four Professors and one journalist.

J. TATE. University of St. Andrews.

Dio Ckrysostom. With an English translation by J. W. COHOON. Vol. ii. Pp. vi+44I. (Loeb Classical Library.) London: Heinemann, I939. Cloth, Ios. (leather, I2s. 6d.).

THE second volume of the Loeb Dio comprises orations XII-XXX in the old order, and is similar in its general features to the first, which was reviewed in C.R. xlvii, p. 39. The text is still in the main that of de Bude, and the critical notes, which are more numerous, mark the introduction of emendations, among which those of Capps are again conspicuous. The general impression left upon the reader is that the emendation of a classical author is a violent and arbitrary affair, but that is perhaps inevitable with such a method; the procedure appears to be less haphazard than that employed in the first volume. Note is taken of recent work, such as that of Wifstrand, on isolated passages.

In translation Mr. Cohoon has not improved.






















In several places his sentences run to well over a page (e.g. pp. 29-3I), and he is unable to extricate himself with grace or even with clarity from the accumulation of participles in the original. There are too many of such locutions as 'passing strange' and 'methinks'. But I have not observed many serious mistranslations.

The introductions to the particular discourses are rather fuller, and thus a defect observed in the first volume is remedied, but it does not inspire confidence to read on p. I that the Olympic dis- course was delivered in A.D. 97 on Dio's return from the Danube, 'where the Roman army under Trajan was about to begin the Second Dacian War,' and on p. 2 that the 'Dying Gaul' is the product of a Pergamene school of sculpture con- temporary with Dio.

The earlier part of the book particularly abounds in misprints and wrong accents, and has clearly been insufficiently revised.










W. HAMILTON. W. HAMILTON. W. HAMILTON. W. HAMILTON. Eton College, Windsor. Eton College, Windsor. Eton College, Windsor. Eton College, Windsor.

Diodorus of Sicily. With an English translation by C. H. OLDFATHER. In twelve volumes. III. Books IV (continued) 59-VIII. Pp. v+433, 2 maps. (Loeb Classical Library.) London: Heinemann, I939. Cloth, Ios. (leather, I2s. 6d.).

PROFESSOR OLDFATHER continues his translation of the Library of Diodorus in an excellent style of English. The geographical books, which com- prise the greater part of this volume, contain some colourful descriptions well turned by the transla- tor, in particular that of the Gauls. The notes are brief and to the point, providing a wide range of reference to modem works and a number of cross- references to other books of Diodorus; in Book VII the fragments drawn from Eusebius' Chronicle are given in the Latin translation of the Armenian manuscript. The two maps, which pull out from the text and are clearly printed, are a welcome improvement on the usual maps of the Loeb editions, and the Partial Index of Proper Names is useful. On this instalment of his edition Pro- fessor Oldfather is once again to be congratulated. A few minor points may be noted for correction in a later issue: p. 126, ovtipopgs for avtopas; p. I56, n. I, two accents on one word; p. 98 and p. 2I6, chapter numerals included inside a para- graph; p. 3, 'korone' for 'korune'; and p. 87, 'Necyuia'. N. G. L. HAMMOND.

Clare College, Cambridge.

The Tebtunis Papyri, Vol. iii, Part II. Edited by A. S. HUNT, J. G. SMYLY, and C. C. EDGAR. Pp. xxiii+345; 4 plates. (University of Cali- fornia Publications, Graeco-Roman Archaeology, Vol. iv.) London: Cambridge University Press, I938. Cloth and boards, 22s. 6d.

THIS volume completes the publication of the Greek papyri found at Tebtunis by Messrs. Grenfell and Hunt in I990. Though three editors are named on the title-page, it should be made clear that chief credit is due to Edgar, who took over the heavy task of publication on Hunt's death in I934. The 268 texts, from cartonnage of the Ptolemaic period, are mainly official or business documents-
















THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW THE CLASSICAL REVIEW 219 219 219 219

tax-registers, land-surveys, receipts, accounts, letters, etc.- but it must be confessed that readers of C.R. who do not take a specialist interest in Ptolemaic taxation can hardly be urged to wade through this mass of what even Edgar himself is forced to describe as 'very dry documents.' Not only is it deficient in general interest when con- trasted with Part I, with its marvellous ' Instruc- tions of a Dioecetes to a Subordinate', but the actual papyri are poorly preserved and difficult to read. At the same time, Edgar's name is sufficient guarantee that everything possible has been ex- tracted from the texts, and every page bears the imprint of his painstaking and precise scholarship. Among the ' Minor Literary Fragments' (Nos. 896- 90I) is a Homeric papyrus (second half of second century B.C.) which is unique in containing, at II. vi. 4, the line txaaayvs roTatao~o ?,(ala,dvSpov K,cI orotjLa>,uv'rs first adopted, but subsequently re- jected, by Aristarchus. T C SKEAT.

British Museum.

lEtudes de Papyrologie, Tome V. Pp. I29. Cairo: Imprimerie de l'Institut Francais d'Archeologie Orientale, i939. Paper, P.T. 20.

THE longest article in this part is one by N. Hohlwein on Palmiers et palmeraies dans l'flgypte romaine. This is a detailed and important study of palm-cultivation in Egypt, by no means con- fined to the Roman period but using also Ptole- maic and Byzantine evidence. The varieties of palms and dates, methods of cultivation, the uses to which palms were put, forms of lease, and finally the taxes levied on palm-land, are all dis- cussed. A list of extant leases is given, and specimen contracts are quoted in full. In several cases attractive suggestions are made for improved readings, and some highly plausible explanations of obscure terms are put forward, e.g. for ~vlov and izovofvlos.

Another important article is A. E. R. Boak's Early Byzantine Papyri from the Cairo Museum (nos. 2I-30 of the series). All are of interest, particularly the two first. No. 2I is a petition to a deputy of the Corrector, which affords important evidence on this official and also reveals the interesting fact that 'the dowries recorded in written agreements are to be evaluated by a goldsmith and a tailor' (Boak's rendering). No. 22 is another noteworthy petition in a dispute con- cerning land; 23 throws light on the chaff tax and the capacity of the sargane, and also contains the new title ,rp~raKTadrp (is this tightly read?) 'E~r'avofLas ; in 24 and 25 occur the d,ro&zfTam

w~iariKlov (or wi&aa.Ko v), a mysterious word, on which an unpublished account at Cairo, to be included in a later instalment, provides further evidence; and 30 has a bearing on the introduction of the indiction dating. In 2I, 30 query wa[p' av]ro0?

L. Borchardt contributes an article on the complicated question of Ptolemaische Kronungs- tage; and at the end of the volume is a report of proceedings at the I938 annual meeting of the Societe Fouad Ier de Papyrologie, which includes an appreciation of the late C. C. Edgar.

British Museum. H. I. BELL.


British Museum.








British Museum.








British Museum.







Sir Frederic KENYON: The Western Text in the Gospels and Acts. Pp. 3I. (From the Proceed- ings of the British Academy, Vol. XXIV.) Lon- don: Milford, I939. Paper, 2s.

SIR FREDERIC KENYON'S paper is devoted almost entirely to an examination of the theories of the late A. C. Clark as to the text of the New Testa- ment, particularly the ' Western' text. He shows conclusively that Clark's earlier attempt to ex- plain the chief textual variants by accidental omissions is incompatible both with the biblio- graphical evidence and with the character of the variants themselves. Clark's subsequent defence of the originality of the 'Western' text in Acts he treats with greater respect, but here too he shows how grave are the objections to accepting Clark's view in its entirety. The textual problems of Acts, he points out, cannot be treated apart from the similar though not identical problems of the Gospels, and though some of the longer ' Western' readings in Acts are intrinsically attractive, many others are almost certainly inferior to the readings of the great Uncials.

Though Kenyon's paper marshals formidable arguments against Clark, he does not carry us farther in the fundamental question of the origin of the 'Western' text. He remarks in passing that its home appears to have been North Africa. But this does not seem at all likely in view of the widespread attestation (including Greek writers such as Justin and Irenaeus and the Old Syriac Version of Acts, as quoted by Ephraem) of dis- tinctively ' Western ' expansions. Wherever it was made, the ' Western text of Acts-assuming that it is not the original-must have been an early and quite deliberate revision, which penetrated the whole Christian world, undergoing modifica- tions, greater or less, in the process. This view is quite compatible with the presence of other very early and possibly true readings which the reviser may have taken over from the text on which he worked. J.M. CREED.

St. John's College, Cambridge.

Hans KEMPTER: Die romische Geschichte bei Hora~. Pp. I37. Munich, I938. Paper.

THIS dissertation examines Horace's references to the history of Rome. The collection of casual references and exempla should be useful, more useful than the minute analysis of the ways in which Horace introduces his historical references and the discussion of the exact extent to which passages like the speech of Hannibal in Odes, iv. 4 are analogous to the myths in Pindar. But by far the most valuable part is the chapter on 'Tiefergehende Deutung der Geschichte'. Here the more important passages are fully and sen- sibly treated. There is an interesting discussion of the idea of public 'culpa' or 'original sin', traced in Epode vii to Romulus. Grounds are given for accepting Norden's view that Virgil knew Juno's speech of reconciliation in Odes, iii. 3 when he wrote Aeneid, xii. 807 ff. On iii. 5 stress is laid on Horace's innovation in the Regulus story, the introduction of the question of a money- ransom which makes it analogous to the case in hand. (This may have been suggested by the story



















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