Answer key11 spanner / 2 pliers / 3 screwdriver / 4 paint-sprayer / 5 wrench / 6 tyre levers / 7 grease gun / 8 welder 21 jack / 2 compressor / 3 airline / 4 wheel balancer / 5 tyre changer / 6 4-post lift31 paint-sprayer / 2 tyre levers, compressor, airline, tyre changer, wheel balancer, jack / 3 welder /4 spanner, screwdriver, wrench, grease gun, 4-post lift41 C / 2 cm / 3 cc / 4 hp / 5 hr / 6 km / 7 kph / 8 l / 9 mm / 10 rpm51 AU / 2 AT / 3 DK / 4 DE / 5 LB / 6 LR / 7 SA / 8 SI / 9 SE / 10 CH61 679,965 / 2 416,894 / 3 258,257 / 4 158,226 / 5 109,626 / 6 In sixth place is Brazil, with sixty-eight thousand, five hundred units. / 7 In seventh place is Spain, with sixty-six thousand, six hundred andfifty-seven units. / 8 In eighth place is Mexico, with fifty-three thousand, three hundred and ninety-five units. / 9 In ninth place is the Netherlands, with forty-seven thousand, five hundred units. / 10 In tenth place is France, with forty-seven thousand, four hundred and fifty-one units. Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 1Answer key 11 bonnet / 2 body / 3 boot / 4 tailgate / 5 engine / 6 axle / 7 roof / 8 chassis21 b / 2 d / 3 a / 4 c3a) four wheel drive / b) hatchback / c) limousine / d) convertible / e) saloon / f) coup / g estate car /h) people carrier41 A: Whats / B: Its / A: Whats, called in English / B: its called, 3 A: are / 4 A: are, called / B: Theyre6Use the box spanner to tighten or loosen the wheel nuts.Use the jack to raise or lower the end of the car.Use the tyre changer to take off or put on the tyre.Use your fingers to take off or put on the dust cap.71 hub cap / 2 wheel nuts / 3 jack / 4 wheel / 5 axle / 6 tyre changer / 7 valve / 8 tyre changer /9 compressor / 10 airline / 11 dust cap / 12 wheel balancer / 13 axle / 14 wheel nuts / 15 hub capUnit 2 Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 2Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key11 engine / 2 drive shafts / 3 fuel tank / 4 pipeline / 5 engine / 6 fuel guage / 7 fuel tank / 8 brakes /9 brakes / 10 silencer / 11 exhaust pipe / 12 silencer / 13 exhaust pipe21 f / 2 c / 3 g / 4 b / 5 a / 6 h / 7 d / 8 e31 What do the brakes do? / 2 What does the fuel tank do? / 3 What do the drive shafts do? / 4 What does the exhaust pipe do? / 5 What does the pipeline do? / 6 What does the engine do?41front, rear / 2 rear, rear / 3 front, front / 4 front, front and the rear51 in / 2 below / 3 at / 4 at / 5 above / 6 in / 7 on / 8 to / 9 below / 10 to61 A: does / B: doesnt / A: does / B: does / A: have / B: has2 A: do / B: I dont / A: do / B:do, have, hasUnit 3Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key11 I / 2 J / 3 H / 4 G / 5 F / 6 D / 7 C / 8 E / 9 A / 10 B21When you push the direction indicator up, the right-hand indicator lights flash.2When you push the direction indicator down, the left-hand indicator lights flash.3When you pull the left-hand lever towards you, the headlights flash once.4When you push the right-hand lever up into the first position, the wipers operate at long or short intervals.5When you push the right-hand lever up into the second position, the wipers operate at normal speed.6When you push the right-hand lever up into the third position, the wipers operate very fast.7When you pull the right-hand lever towards the steering wheel, the front windscreen washers work.8When you push the right-hand lever away from the steering wheel, the rear windscreen washers work.3a) 3 / b) 6 / c) 1 / d) 4 / e) 8 / f) 2 / g) 7 /h) 41 check / 2 Pull / 3 wipe / 4 Push / 5 pull / 6 check / 7 add / 8 top up / 9 Unscrew / 10 Pour / 11 Check /12 Put / 13 screw / 14 Push61 cant / 2 can / 3 can / 4 cant / 5s cant / 6 cant / 7 canUnit 4Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key11 cable / 2 ignition key / 3 starter motor / 4 engine / 5 alternator / 6 rectifier pack /7 diodes / 8 battery / 9 negative terminal / 10 positive terminal21 a / 2 c / 3 c / 4 b31 e / 2 a / 3 d / 4 b / 5 f / 6 c41 through / 2 around / 3 out of, into / 4 from, to51 c / 2 b / 3 aIf the ignition is off, the starter motor doesnt work.61 current flows from the battery to the lights. / 2 current doesnt flow from the battery to the radio. /3 current doesnt flow to the starter motor from the battery. / 4 current doesnt flow from the alternator to the battery. / 5 the battery becomes flat. / 6 electricity flows from the battery to the starter motor. /7 electricity doesnt flow around the electrical circuit.Unit 5Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 6Answer key11 c / 2 k / 3 h / 4 d / 5 j / 6 a / 7 g / 8 l / 9 e / 10 i / 11 b / 12 f21 assessing, connecting, flattening, pulling, pushing, straightening / 2 cutting, fitting, gripping, hitting, labelling, putting / 3 dismantling, measuring, raising, sliding, using, wiping31 doing / 2 putting / 3 sanding / 4 painting / 5 removing / 6 using / 7 cutting / 8 welding / 9 replacing4PartMaterialProperties1seat cover leatherstrong, exible, doesnt melt, can burn 2instrument panel wood hard, not exible, you can cut it, you cant bend it, you cant stretch it, it doesnt melt32-cylinder petrol engine aluminium light, strong4heavy goods vehicle tyres 1) rubber composite 2) steel cords1) tough, exible2) very strong, heavy5silencers steel, coated with aluminium strong, rigid, corrosion-resistant6wheels 1) steel 2) alloy1) no information given 2) light, strong7fuel tanks 1)steel2)plastic, with steel plates1)rigid, hard, water-resistant2) rigid, hard, water-resistant; heat-resistant51 A: Whats the instrument panel made of?B: Its made of plastic.A:Why do they use plastic?B:Because its cheap and light.2 A: What are the headlights and sidelightsmade of?B: Theyre made of chrome.A:Why do you use chrome?B:Because its corrosion-resistant.3 A: What are the seat covers made of?B: Theyre made of nylon and polyester.A:Why do they use nylon and polyester?B:Because its strong and cheap. 4 A: What are the bonnet and boot made of?B: Theyre made of steel.A:Why do you use steel?B:Because its tough and rigid.5 A: What are the seat belts made of?B: Theyre made of nylon.A:Why do they use nylon?B:Because its strong and flexible.6 A: Whats the body shell made of?B: Its made of steel.A:Why do you use steel?B:Because its rigid and hard.Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key1Length: 4.8 m / Width: 2.0 m / Height: 1.9 m / Wheelbase (length) 2.9 m / Clearance (height) 0.41 m / Fuel tank capacity: 82 l / Engine capacity: 2720 cc / Weight: 2494 kg / Max. wading depth: 0.6 m21 A: How wide is the vehicle? / B: Its 2 metres wide.2 A: How long is the vehicle? / B: Its 4.8 metres long.3 A: How high is the vehicle? / B: Its 1.9 metres high.4 A: How long is the wheelbase? / B: Its 2.9 metres long.5 A: How high is the clearance? / B: Its 0.41 metres high.6 A: How heavy is the vehicle? / B: Its 2494 kilograms.7 B: 82 litres.8 B: 2720 cc.9 B:Yes, it can drive through water up to 0.6 metres deep.31 any / 2 How much / 3 80 1-litre bottles / 4 How many / 5 what kind / 6 10 packets / 7 some /8 How much / 9 40 litres / 10 any / 11 much / 12 15 tubes / 13 some / 14 What kind / 15 what kind / 16 20 packets / 17 any / 18 What kind / 19 What size / 20 5 large tins41 How much will the new factory cost? / 2 How large will the roof of the factory be? / 3 How heavy will the factory roof / 4 What will cool and heat / 5 How often will the AC system replace / 6 How many skylights will there be in the roof of the factory / 7 When will the new factory be ready / 8 When will the public be able to visit the factory / 9 the factory be open Unit 7Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key11 happened / 2 left / 3 returned / 4 found / 5 smashed / 6 drove / 7 had / 8 came / 9 ran / 10 crashed /11 landed / 12 removed / 13 lifted / 14 put / 15 took / 16 stole / 17 took21 smashed / 2 dented / 3 cracked / 4 broken / 5 torn off / 6 scratched / 7 tor / 8 dented, scratched /9 smashed / 10 bent31 They have fitted two new side lights, two new headlights and one new wing mirror. / 2 They have replaced the front nearside window and windscreen. / 3 They have fitted a new boot lock and radio antenna. / 4 They have repaired the nearside panel. / 5 They have serviced the brakes. / 6 They have road-tested the car. / 7 They will replace the in-car multimedia system. / 8 They will fit a new seat cover to match. / 9 They will repair the roof. / 10 They will replace two worn rear tyres after 1,000 km.41 In / 2 started / 3 came / 4 every / 5 repeated / 6 became / 7 fell / 8 dried / 9 produced / 10 between /11 In / 12 with / 13 had / 14 sold / 15 closed / 16 more / 17 more than51 In 1914. / 2 Four. / 3 The same job. / 4 Because only black paint dried fast enough. / 5 There were more car manufacturers in 1914. / 6 Japan.Unit 8Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key 11 carburettor / 2 pump / 3 flexible pipe / 4 fuel pipeline / 5 filter / 6 fuel tank / 7 filler cap21 c / 2 a / 3 h / 4 e / 5 g / 6 b / 7 f / 8 d31 The fuel pipeline is suspended from the chassis. / 2 The carburettor is mounted on the engine. /3 The filler cap is screwed into the end of the filler pipe. / 4 The fuel pump is mounted on the engine. /5 The filter is fitted around the outlet pipe from the fuel tank. / 6 The fuel tank is bolted to the body. /7 The flexible pipe is attached to the fuel pipeline. / 8 The fuel injector is fixed to the engine.41 b / 2 d / 3 a / 4 c /1 If you cant turn on the ignition, move the steering wheel from side to side. /2 If a buzzer sounds when you open the drivers door, turn off the lights and indicator.51 No, it doesnt. / 2 No, it doesnt. / 3 Yes, it is. / 4 No, they dont. / 5 Yes, it is. / 6 Yes, it is. 1 If the engine doesnt start, check the starter motor. / 2 If the engine doesnt start, turn off the ignition and try again. / 3 If the battery is more than five years old, / replace it. / 4 the lights dont work, check the battery. / 5 If the distributor cap is split, replace it immediately. / 6 If the clutch cable is worn, replace it at once.61 protected / 2 connected / 3 charge / 4 ask / 5 check / 6 refill / 7 stop / 8 remove / 9 check / 10 replaceUnit 9Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 10Answer key11 Dont / 2 Always / 3 Dont / Never / 4 Dont / Never, Always / 5 must /6 Dont / Never, Always / 7 mustnt / 8 Dont / Never / 9 mustnt / 10 Always2It might be very hot.There might be fuel inside the tank.You could damage your eyes.You might burn yourself.You could get an electric shock.31 run, slip / 2 use, start / 3 leave, roll / 4 allow, injure / 5 reverse, hit / 6 climb, fall / 7 service, trap/ 8 carry, drop / 9 lift, injure / 10 walk, fall41 found / 2 was / 3 was / 4 put / 5 was / 6 were / 7 were / 8 were / 9 crossed / 10 had / 11 told / 12 drive / 13 was / 14 was / 15 were / 16 drove / 17 fell / 18 was / 19 did not see / 20 went / 21 hurt / 22 was not51 Where did the accident take place? / 2 When did it happen? / 3 Why did the accident happen? /4 Were there any warning notices or floor markers? / 5 What fell off the fork-lift truck? / 6 Who walked into the load on the ground? / 7 Why didnt he see the load on the ground? / 8 What did he injure?Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key11 C / 2 B / 3 A21 fuel pipeline / 2 fuel rail / 3 injectors / 4 pressure regulator / 5 return fuel pipeline / 6 fuel tank /7 fuel pump / 8 pressure relief valve / 9 non-return valve / 10 fuel filter31 b / 2 c / 3 c 4 / c 5 c41 flow / 2 rise / 3 to close / 4 from entering / 5 to remain / 6 to enter / 7 to enter / 8 enter / 9 to turn /10 to flow / 11 to change51 allows / 2 prevents / 3 lets / 4 doesnt let / 5 allows / 6 causes / 7 makesUnit 11Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 12Answer key 1 Number of wheels 6 Length 12,862 mmFuel tank capacity 4,354 or 4,922 Width 7,680 mmMax. engine speed 1,750 rpm Height 6,494 mmMax. speed (loaded) 54.3 kph Ground clearance 1,005 mmNumber of axles 2 Wheelbase 5,905 mmWeight (empty) 116,707 kg Max. load 218 tonnes21has a height of about 6.5 metres and a length of more than 12.8 metres. / 2 has a weight of over 116 tonnes. / 3 a load of up to 218 tonnes. / 4 has a capacity of at least 4,900 litres. / 5 the front axle carries about 46% of the weight; the rear axle carries about 54% of the weight. / 6 the front axle carries about 33% of the weight; the rear axle carries about 67% of the weight.31 fuel tank / 2 exhaust / 3 silencer / 4 chassis / 5 engine / 6 disk brakes / 7 drive shaft / 8 battery /9 steering wheel / 10 body / 11 suspension / 12 drum brakes41 disconnected / 2 I have / 3 connected / 4 I havent / 5 lubricated / 6 disconnected and dismantled /7 repaired / 8 I havent / 9 Im doing that / 10 Have you inspected / 11 No, I havent done that /12 Ill do that / 13 taken off / 14 Yes, I have / 15 removed the dents / 16 I havent removed them /17 Ill do that Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 1 PetroleumAnswer key11 well / 2 pipe / 3 tank / 4 string / 5 barrel / 6 field / 7 drill / 8 hole / 9 bit / 10 collar21 oil field / 2 drill string / 3 drill bit / 4 drill pipe / 5 well hole / 6 drill collar31 c / 2 h / 3 b / 4 f / 5 g / 6 a / 7 d / 8 e41 ninety revolutions per minute / 2 four hundred and seventeen millimetres / 3 one hundred(or a hundred) and fifty-nine litres / 4 fourteen kilometres / 5 five hundred and eighteen metres /6 eight hundred and eighty barrels per day51 90 rpm / 2 880 b/d / 3 417 mm / 4 518 m / 5 14 km / 6 159 L61 stop / 2 down / 3 lower / 4 right / 5 pick up71 names / 2 Whats / 3 Im / 4 work / 5 Pleased / 6 do / 7 Whats / 8 Im Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 2 PetroleumAnswer key1A drill pipe / B drill bit / C drill collar / D well hole / E drill string2The correct order is: 1Attach the drill pipe to the drill bit. / 2 Put the collar on the drill bit. / 3 Fix the kelly to the drill pipe. / 4 Trip the drill string into the well hole. / 5 Slide the kelly into the turntable. /6 Switch on the power. / 7 Drill the hole. / 8 Attach another drill pipe to the string. / 9 Trip the drill string out of the well hole. / 10 Install the casing in the well hole.31 Raise the drill bit out of the well hole. / 2 Take the collar off the drill pipe. / 3 Push the drill string into the well hole. / 4 Put the drill bit on the drill pipe and tighten it.41 some / 2 what / 3 how / 4 need / 5 whats / 6 called / 7 what / 8 Theyre / 9 do / 10 Its Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 3 PetroleumAnswer key11 T / 2 F theyre in the centre / 3 F theyre on the platform / 4 F theyre to the right / 5 T / 6 T21 The motor is on the platform, to the right of the engines. / 2 The fuel tanks are on the platform, to the left of the engines. / 3 The ramp is to the right of the platform and to the left of the racks. / 4 The mud pit is below the pump and to the left of the water tank. / 5 The pump is on the platform, to the right of the derrick. 3Possible answers: 1The water tank is below the platform to the right of the mud pit. / 2 The generator is below the platform and the motor. / 3 The engines are on the platform, to the right of the fuel tanks.41 The derrick supports the block and the kelly. / 2 The engines drive the generator. / 3 The fuel tanks store fuel for the engine. / 4 The generator drives the motor. / 5 The pipe racks hold the drill pipes. /6 The motor turns the turntable.51 drive the motor, does / 2 do, hold the drill pipes / 3 drive the generator, do / 4 does, do, turns the turntable / 5 Does, doesnt / 6 Do, dont61 is / 2 Its / 3 use / 4 does / 5 grips / 6 are / 7 has / 8 have / 9 does / 10 hold / 11 work / 12 goes / 13 pull / 14 grips Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 4 PetroleumAnswer key11 F its at the top of the derrick. / 2 T / 3 F the kelly is between the swivel and the turntable. / 4 F the cable moves diagonally upwards from the winch. / 5 T / 6 F it rotates.21 d / 2 e / 3 a / 4 f / 5 c / 6 b31 cant, can / 2 can, cant / 3 cant, can / 4 can, cant41 Slide the kelly into the turntable. / 2 Lower the drill pipe into the well hole. / 3 Turn the handle of the winch. / 4 Attach the drill pipe to the kelly. / 5 Raise the drill pipe out of the well hole. / 6 Hang the swivel from the hook.51 switch on, D moves / 2 switches on, B rotates / 3 Turn off, A doesnt / 4 turn off, C dont61 has / 2 rotate / 3 does not / 4 releases / 5 moves / 6 lowers / 7 start / 8 rotate Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 5 PetroleumAnswer key11 swivel / 2 kelly / 3 casing / 4 drill string / 5 drill collar / 6 drill bit 2A annulus / B rock cuttings / C reserve pit / D shale slide / E mud return line / F shaker / G stand pipe /H rotary hose / I mud pump31 inlet / 2 outlet / 3 pump / 4 into4The correct order is: 1 The pumps suck the drilling mud out of the mud pits. / 2 They then pump the fluid through a hose to the rotary equipment. / 3 From the rotary hose it enters the swivel and the kelly./ 4 It then flows down through the drill string. / 5 It then leaves the drill bit and flows around the annulus. / 6 The fluid picks up pieces of rock and sand. / 7 Then the mud rises up the well hole between the drill pipe and the casing. / 8 At the top of the well, the fluid flows through the mud return line into the shaker. / 9 The shaker takes the cuttings out of the fluid. / 10 The fluid then goes into the mud pits again, and the cuttings enter the reserve pit.51 around / 2 from / 3 up / 4 through / 5 into / 6 down / 7 out of / 8 up61 pull, push / 2 carries / 3 passes, flows / 4 leaves / 5 sinks, stay71 If the pump is off, the drilling mud doesnt flow to the drill string. / 2 If the drilling mud doesnt flow, the rock cuttings dont rise to the top of the well. / 3 If the engines are off, the kelly and the drill string dont rotate. / 4 If the drill string doesnt rotate, the drill bit doesnt cut the rock. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 6 PetroleumAnswer key11 B / 2 C / 3 E / 4 F / 5 A / 6 D21 made, bends, break / 2 heat, melt, cuts / 3 break/crack, pushes / 4 bend, pulls / 5 made, break, corrode / 6 pull/stretch, break31 c F / 2 e D / 3 a B / 4 f E / 5 d A / 6 b C41 The plastic in the engine does not melt when you heat it. / 2 This pipe is made of synthetic rubber because it is corrosion-resistant. / 3 The rope is made of nylon because you cannot stretch it if you pull it. / 4 If you pull this synthetic fibre, it does not stretch or break. (does/ not)51 are raising / 2 is turning / 3 is moving / 4 is pulling / 5 are attaching / 6 is happening / 7 are lowering /8 is rotating / 9 is flowing / 10 are they doing / 11 are rotating / is cutting Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 7 PetroleumAnswer key11 510 m / 2 200 m / 3 two / 4 100 m / 5 20 m / 6 300 m / 7 400 m / 8 1200 m221 The pipeline is five kilometres long. / 2 The sea is five hundred metres deep. / 3 The heli-port is twenty metres in width. / 4 The length of the drilling platform is forty metres.31 The vertical well is 300 m deep. / 2 The derrick is 100 m high. / 3 The heli-port is 25 m long and 20 m wide. / 4 The piles are 20 m deep. / 5 The drilling platform is 40 m long. 41 How high is the derrick above sea level? Its 210 metres high. / 2 Whats the area of the heli-port? Its area is 500 m2. / 3 How deep is the sea at the platform? Its 500 m deep. / 4 Whats the width of the drilling platform? It has a width of 30 m. / 5 Whats the total height of the jacket above the sea bed? Its height is 510 m.51 The new platform wont be ready next year. Itll be ready two years from now. / 2 The rig wont have horizontal wells. Itll have diagonal and vertical wells. / 3 The piles wont extend 40 metres below the sea floor. Theyll extend only 35 metres. / 4 The crew quarters wont accommodate 500 workers. Theyll accommodate only 400. / 5 The platform wont produce 40,000 bpd. Itll produce more than 60,000.61 much / 2 many / 3 many / 4 much Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 8 PetroleumAnswer key1The correct order is: 1 Survey the land along the planned route. / 2 Clear the route and level it. /3 String pipes in a line along the route. / 4 Dig a 2-metre trench along the route next to the pipe string. / 5 Weld the pipes into a long pipe section and bend it into shape. / 6 Lower the welded pipe section into the trench and weld it to the pipeline. / 7 Cover the pipeline with earth. / 8 Test the pipeline. Pump fluid through it and check for leaks.21 planned / 2 surveyed / 3 cleared / 4 done / 5 laid / 6 strung / 7 dug / 8 finish / 9 completed / 10 welded / 11 welding / 12 finish31 burnt / 2 cracks / 3 missing / 4 dents / 5 blocked / 6 twisted / 7 leaking / 8 broken41 dug / 2 used / 3 saw / 4 lit / 5 came / 6 made / 7 excavated / 8 drilled / 9 invented / 10 completed Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 9 PetroleumAnswer key11 supply station / 2 regulator station / 3 gauges / 4 pipeline / 5 terminal / 6 control station21 c / 2 f / 3 e / 4 d / 5 b / 6 a31 measure / 2 compresses, pumps / 3 check, switch off / 4 give / 5 falls, transmits / 6 receive, send41 they are / 2 they wont / 3 they havent / 4 it isnt / 5 they didnt / 6 it has51 suspended from / 2 mounted on / 3 connected to / 4 disconnected from6Possible answer: Check the pressure valve. If the pressure is too low, close the valve stations, but if the pressure is too high, release the pressure. Then check the temperature valve. If the temperature is too high, switch off the pump, but if it is not too high, increase the pump speed. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 10 PetroleumAnswer key11 D / 2 J / 3 E / 4 A / 5 C / 6 B / 7 F / 8 I / 9 H / 10 G21 never / 2 always, mustnt / 3 always, never / 4 mustnt, must3Possible answers: 1 A guard rail on a stairway was missing. / 2 There were no guards on the winch. /3 Three drillers did not wear their hard hats. / 4 There were nuts and bolts missing from the swivel. / 5 There were no cables for the tools. / 6 The walkway was blocked with hoses.41 happened / 2 did it happen / 3 had / 4 was he / 5 high was he / 6 he fall / 7 Did he wear / 8 did he have Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 11 PetroleumAnswer key11 valve / 2 well head / 3 casing / 4 well hole2Possible answers: 1c prevents D / 2 d makes G / 3 b allow E / 4 f lets F / 5 g prevents A / 6 e stops C /7 a causes B / 8 h permit H31 The steel pipe prevents water from entering the well hole. / 2 The perforating gun makes holes form in the side of the casing. / 3 The perforations allow oil to enter the bottom of the well. / 4 The tubing lets oil rise up to the well head. / 5 The packer prevents oil from flowing between the tubing and the casing. / 6 The well head stops oil from escaping from the well. / 7 Acid causes limestone rock to dissolve and break up. / 8 Valves permit the crew to stop the flow of oil through the well head.41 The turntable makes the kelly rotate. / 2 The heli-port allows helicopters to land on the oil platform. /3 The pumps cause the mud and rock cuttings to rise to the top of the well. / 4 The shaker prevents large cuttings from entering the mud pit. / 5 The hole in the swivel lets the drilling mud flow into the kelly. /6 The blowout preventer stops oil and gas from exploding out of the well hole. 5Correct order: 1The electric motor makes the gear box operate. / 2 This makes a lever move up and down. / 3 The lever causes a polish rod to go up and down. / 4 This rod is attached to a sucker rod. /5 This rod is connected to a piston. / 6 When the sucker rod moves up, it causes the pump to move up. / 7 The suction from the pump makes the oil flow up the tubing. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 12 PetroleumAnswer key11 Yes, they have. / 2 In the fourth week of January / 3 Installing the lifting and rotary system, setting up the mud tanks and mud pumps, and connecting the mud pipes and hoses / 4 In the third week of March.21 Have you raised / 2 did you assemble / 3 assembled / 4 Are you installing / 5 setting up / 6 connecting / 7 will you string / 8 do 31 dug / 2 have drilled / 3 transported / 4 installed / 5 assemble / 6 assembled / 7 raised / 8 installed /9 doing / 10 setting up / 11 are connecting / 12 strung / 13 string / 14 wont put / 15 put / 16 will set up 41 Detach the kelly from the travelling block. / 2 Fill in the mud and reserve pits. / 3 Disconnect the mud pipes and hoses from the equipment. / 4 Dismantle the rig platform. / 5 Take down all the electric cables. / 6 Lower the derrick. / 7 Remove the equipment from the site. / 8 Uninstall the power system and detach it from the cables. 5Best order for dismantling the rig (other answers are possible):1 1 / 2 7 / 3 4 / 4 6 / 5 3 / 6 5 / 7 8 / 8 2 6Possible answer (based on 5):First of all, my team detached the kelly from the travelling block. Next, we uninstalled the power system and detached it from the cables. Then, we took down all the electric cables. Next, we disconnected the mud pipes and hoses from the equipment. After that, we lowered the derrick and dismantled the rig platform. Next, we filled in the mud and reserve pits. And finally, we removed all the equipment from the site. Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 1Answer key1The tanker driver. He pumped 36,000 litres of fuel into the wrong tank.21 T / 2F / 3T / 4T / 5T / 6F31 start / 2Drain / 3drain / 4 refill / 5put in / 6top up / 7start / 8Drain / 9refill / 10put in / 11top up / 12run / 13put in / 14start / 15Drain / 16refill41 pushing it down now, taken it off / 2topping it up now, flushed it out / 3lifting it up, taken them off. 4 switching it on now, turned them on.51 screwdriver / 2wire brush / 3gear lever / 4jack / 5wheel gun / 6box spanner / 7tyre valve 8 dipstick61 tighten, using / 2measure, looking / 3check, attaching / 4adjust / 5clean, brushing / 6raise /7 loosen / 8put, using Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key 1 1g / 2b / 3e / 4d / 5h / 6a / 7c / 8f21 broaching / 2turning / 3filing / 3chiselling / 5drilling31 Bernard usually planes flat workpieces in the morning and chisels screw-heads in the afternoon. But today hes milling brake disks in the morning and filing brake drums in the afternoon.2 Pedro usually turns bolts in the morning and turns drive shafts in the afternoon. But today hes planing gearwheels in the morning and chiselling nuts in the afternoon.3 Michael usually grinds exhaust pipes in the morning and grinds valves in the afternoon. But today hesturning crankshafts in the morning and turning connecting rods in the afternoon.4 Wayne usually files engine blocks in the morning and drills engine blocks in the afternoon. But today hesturning pistons in the morning and grinding gear wheels in the afternoon.4 Job B51 worked / 2 left / 3became / 4studied / 5was awarded / 6started / 7went / 8am looking /9 enclose / 10givesUnit 2Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 3Answer key 1A3 / B4 / C1 / D6 / E5 / F22The Seden has the best owners comments.31 the cheapest / 2the worst / 3the noisiest / 4least / 5less comfortable / 6better / 7less economical /8 the best / 9most / 10higher / 11the most reliable / 12more comfortable / 13more expensive41 higher / 2heavier / 3stronger / 4longer / 5greater / 6higher / 7heavier / 8higher / 9more expensive /10heavier / 11greater / 12less / 13more / 14noisier 51T / 2F / 3T / 4F / 5T / 6FAutomotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 4Answer key11 Bus chassis / 2Delivery area / 3Panel pressing / 4Body assembly line / 5Paint shop / 6Trim line / 7 Final assembly line21 The frame of the bus is assembled in the factory. The bottom part of the bus is assembled outside by another company. / 2floor, windows, lighting, insulation, seats / 3sanding, washing, cleaning, spray-painting, baking31 Then / 2Lastly / 3At the end of this stage / 4Before / 5next / 6At the end of this process / 7After 8 While / 9Finally / 10last of all / 11At the same time / 12at this point / 13Finally41c / 2e / 3h / 4g / 5f/ 6d / 7a / 8b5Sample answer: It is longer, wider and lower. It has more doors, which are wider. It can go up and down. It holds more passengers. It has very few seats.61 Because the bus carries large numbers of passengers. / 2To allow passengers to get on and off quickly and easily. / 3AC system, all-round windows, electronic indicator boards. / 4To allow easy boarding. / 5 To allow wheelchair users and people with infant pushchairs to board the bus. / 6To allow morepeople inside the bus; because the passengers travel only a short distance.Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 5Answer key 11 steering shaft coupling / 2pinion / 3rack / 4track rod ball joint / 5track rod / 6universal joint /7 ball swivel joint / 8suspension arm / 9steering column / 10steering wheel21 A steering column is a long round shaft that is rotated by the steering wheel. / 2A safety coupling is a joint that separates upon impact. / 3A universal joint is a joint in a shaft that allows rotation when the shaft is not in a straight line. / 4A rack is a flat toothed bar that engages with the pinion and moves ina straight line. / 5A pinion is a toothed wheel that rotates and engages with the rack. / 6A track rodball joint is a joint that allows the car wheel to be turned.31 PAS pump / 2oil / 3control valve / 4control valve / 5control valve / 6Oil / 7ports / 8piston /9 power cylinder / 10control valve / 11ports / 12Oil / 13port / 14piston / 15power cylinder41 vehicle / 2machine / 3system / 4device / 5an instrument / 6a tool / 7a handbook /8 a generator / 9system / 10a person51 An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle that is used to transport goods. / 2A petrol engine is a self-runningmachine that propels a car or small van. / 3The transmission is a system that transfers power from thecrankshaft to the wheels. / 4A sensor is a device that detects changes in the cars operating or runningsystems. / 5A speedometer is an instrument that displays a vehicles speed. / 6A jack is a tool thatraises the end or side of a car for a wheel change. / 7The owners manual is a handbook whichexplains how to operate the controls. / 8The alternator is a generator which generates electricity tocharge the battery. / 9SATNAV is a navigation system which transmits and receives information viasatellite. / 10An autobody technician is a person who repairs damaged bodywork.Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 6Answer key 1Ventilation d / Ignition c / Containment a / Exchange e / Separation ba) Are there, Are there / b)Are there / c)Is there / d)Is there / e)Is there2Dont: 1 2 3 5 8 9 10 11 / Do: 4 6 7 1231 Containers of flammable liquids must be kept closed when not in use. / 2The working area needs to be kept dust-free by regular cleaning. / 3Flammable dusts should not be allowed to build up in working areas. / 4Flammable solids have to be kept away from heaters and electrical equipment. / 5Gangways and exits must be kept clear of all materials containing flammable solids. / 6Hoses should not be used with flammable gases if they become damaged or worn. / 7Oxygen must not be used instead of compressed air. / 8The labels and safety data sheets for chemicals need to be checked.4dust-free / well-ventilated / flammable / clear closed / lidded / fresh (air) / suitable51 should be sprayed, should be allowed / 2should be removed, should be cleaned / 3should be trickle-charged / 4should not be allowed / 5should be emptied / 6should be carried out, should be changed / 7should be slackened, should not be slackened / 8should be lubricated / 9should be placed / 10should be removed, storedAutomotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishAnswer key 1Sample answers: 1the oil level might be too low. / 2the coolant temperature could be too high; the coolant level may be too low; the radiator fan may have failed. / 3there must be a fault with the charging system; the battery terminals may be slack, or the alternator drive belt might be loose or broken; the alternator could have failed. / 4the brake fluid level may be too low. / 5the front brake pads must have reached their maximum wear level; the rear brake pads may also have reached their maximum wear level. / 6there could be a malfunction with the system; both systems must be defective. 2A5 / B3 / C1 / D2 / E2 / F431 Try switching off the engine and checking the oil level. / 2Why dont you check the coolant level first? If the coolant level is correct, you could check the radiator fan fuse and renew it if necessary. / 3First, switch off the engine. Then you could check the battery terminals and alternator drive belt. / 4Why dont you check the brake fluid level and top up if necessary? If the brake fluid level is correct, you could take the vehicle to a garage for checking. / 5Why dont you take the vehicle to a garage? You could ask the garage to check the rear brake pads at the same time. / 6You should take the vehicle to a garage as soon as possible.41 The oil level was topped up. / 2The radiator fan fuse was renewed. / 3The battery terminals were tightened. / 4The alternator drive belt was replaced. / 5The engine management system (EMS) was reset. / 6The brake fluid level was topped up. / 7The front brake pads were replaced. / 8The rear brake pads were checked.5Sample answers: 1Try freewheeling down the hill. / 2Why dont you get your passengers to push-start the car? / 3You could try tow-starting the car. / 4Why dont you use jump leads to start the engine of the car with the flat battery? / 5In this situation, you must use jump leads. / 6You should buy a new one.Unit 7Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 8Answer key 11 brake fluid reservoir / 2master cylinder / 3footbrake / 4brake fluid / 5drum brakes / 6single-line hydraulic layout / 7disk brakes / 8lever / 9cable / 10rear drum brakes21 b / 2c / 3b / 4b / 5b / 6a / 7c / 8a / 9c31 shoes / 2back-plate / 3axle tube / 4Friction linings / 5supply pipe / 6shoes / 7drum / 8disk /9friction pads / 10supply pipe / 11friction pads / 12disk / 13interconnecting pipe / 14pistons41 a disk brake / 2a drum brake / 3a disk brake / 4the front wheels / 5the rear wheels /6when the brake pedal is operatedAutomotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 9Answer key 11 shortest / 2at intervals / 3approximately / 4more rapid / 5continuous / 6less than / 7over / 8less than21 above / 2the desired speed / 3at the speed / 4more than / 5more than / 6in steps / 7less than / 8 higher / 9approximately31 The parking distance warning system calculates how far away the obstacle is. / 2You can tell how far you are from the obstacle by listening how fast the audible warning signal is. / 3The functioning of the system depends on how fast the driver is reversing. / 4The functioning of the reversing sensors depends on how clean they are. / 5The functioning of the cruise control system depends on how fast you are driving. / 6The cruise control system measures how long you are driving at a speed of more than 10 kph over the stored speed. / 7You can decide how you decelerate by pressing or holding the rocker switch.41 It should be checked. / 2Yes, it should be serviced now; the air filter element should be replaced; the housing should be cleaned. / 3The oil level in the final drive for the gearbox should be checked. / 4The camshaft drive belt and tensioner roller should be replaced. / 5The air filter element and the spark plugs should be replaced.51 fortnightly / 2every fortnight, before any long journey / 3at recommended service intervals 4 regularly, as necessary / 5over time, once a yearAutomotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 10Answer key 1Component Property Example Materialconductor allows the ow of an electrical currentwire, bar copper, platinum, gold, silverinsulators resists the ow of an electrical currentinsulation material for a cableglass, plastic, rubber, porcelain, PVCsemiconductors allows some electrical current to owtemperature sensorsilicon, germanium21 component / 2properties / 3good conductors / 4insulating material / 5resistance value /6 electrical current / 7affect31 current / 2signals / 3resistance / 4higher / 5lower / 6overheat / 7fuses / 8blade connectors /9 plastic housing / 10conductor / 11blown fuse41 The driver left the headlights on, so the car had a flat battery. / 2Since the driver tried the starter motor again and again, the battery became flat. / 3The driver didnt have a spare fuse, therefore he couldnt replace the blown fuse. / 4The wire in the circuit melted since the wrong fuse was used. / 5The mechanic didnt have a wiring diagram for the car and as a result couldnt repair the car. / 6The fuse blew because the current in the circuit was too high. / 7The driver couldnt see out of the rear window, as the rear windscreen heater was broken.51e / 2a / 3d / 4g / 5b / 6f / 7cAutomotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 11Answer key 1A 3 / B5 / C1 / D6 / E2 / F421 taper roller bearings / 2roller bearings, spherical roller bearings / 3ball bearings / 4a bush bearing, a split bearing / 5spherical roller bearings, taper roller bearings, double-row ball bearings31 inner race / 2cage / 3balls / 4outer race41 quarries and landfill sites2 8.8 litre 6-cylinder engine; top speed of 10 kph in travel mode; work mode is slower; independent power and control for each track3 Bucket width: 3.3 m; bucket capacity: 4.7 m34 Rigid box-sections; steel frame; bucket of high-strength low alloy steel5 Sections: resist torsional forces. Frame: flexibility, durability and resistance to forces. Bucket: resistsdents and damage6 Designed for comfort and ease of operation; AC and heating (standard); 2 groups of instruments:gauges, warning indicators5Sample answer:1 The aim of the design was to produce an articulated dump truck with greater power and the ability to carry increased payloads. The designers considered the needs of users, for example, quarries, landfill sites, the forestry industry and construction sites.2 The new design has a 5.9 litre engine with a top speed of 50 kph.3 The truck has a maximum payload capacity of 20 tonnes, or 12 m3. The increased dimensions allow the truck to carry a payload 15% greater than before.4 The powerful engine drives the truck through six forward gears and three reverse gears. One main advantage is that the driver can choose manual or automatic transmission. The design uses a twinhydraulic system, one for steering and tipping and the second for braking and suspension. In additionthere is a power-assisted dual braking system.5 The design uses high tensile strength steel for the chassis to support the increased payload. Theadvantage of the box-section reinforcements is that the truck has greater rigidity and resistance toincreased loading forces.6 The redesigned drivers cab features reduced noise and vibration from the engine, plus improved visibility and stability. AC is fitted as a standard feature.Automotive Industries Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 12Answer key 11 lead acid battery / 2nickel-metal hybride battery / 3li-ion battery / 4cathode / 5anode / 6electrolyte2lithium-ion (li-ion) nickel-metal hybride (NiMH) lead-acidWatt-hours per kg of battery 150 6070 25% loss of charge per month 5% 20%31 first made in the 1970s / 2referred to as insertion / 3referred to as extraction / 4extracted from the anode / 5extracted from the cathode / 6obtained / 7stored in the batteries41 The lithium batteries which were first made in the 1970s were not as safe as the current li-ion batteries.2 Lithium moves into the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as insertion.3 Lithium moves out of the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as extraction.4 When the cell discharges, the lithium which is extracted from the anode is inserted into the cathode.5 When the cell charges, the lithium which is extracted from the cathode is inserted into the anode.6 The advantage of li-ion chemistry is the high open circuit voltage which is obtained in comparison toother batteries like lead-acid or nickel-metal hybride.7 Laptops use the energy which is stored in the batteries through the movement of lithium ions.51 e / 2c / 3g / 4i / 5f / 6h / 7b / 8j / 9d / 10a 61 rechargeable / 2store / 3application / 4functional / 5manufacture / 6popular Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 1Answer key1A 2 / B 7 / C 4 / D 3 / E 9 / F 1 / G 5 / H 10 / I 6 / J 821 f / 2 c / 3 b / 4 a / 5 d / 6 e31 You trip in the drill string by lowering it through the rotary table into the well hole. / 2 You rig up by raising the derrick and assembling the equipment on the rig. / 3 You make up the string by attaching the drill bit to the drill collar and drill pipes. / 4 You break out the string by unscrewing all the drill pipes from one another. / 5 You trip out the string by lifting the drill bit, collar and drill pipes out of the well hole. / 6 You lay down the pipes by putting them down horizontally on the pipe racks. / 7 You shut in the well by closing all the valves on the well head and stopping oil from pouring out. / 8 You install the casing by running a casing pipe down the well and fixing it in the well with cement.41 shutting, in, shut, in / 2 tripping, out, tripped, out51 Were setting them back now. OK, weve set them back. / 2 Were laying them down now. OK, weve laid them down. / 3 Were picking it up now. OK, weve picked it up. / 4 Were making it up now. OK, weve made it up.61 rotary table / 2 casing / 3 winch / 4 drill bit / 5 hook / 6 drill collar7Possible answers: 1 You make the kelly rotate by means of the rotary table. / 2 You prevent the sides of the well hole from collapsing using a casing pipe. / 3 You raise and lower the cable by using a winch. / 4 You cut the rock at the bottom of the well by means of the drill bit. / 5 You attach the kelly to the swivel using the hook. / 6 You add a heavy weight to the drill bit by using the drill collar. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 2Answer key11 drilling engineer / 2 mud engineer / 3 toolpusher / 4 motorhand / 5 driller / 6 derrickhand / 7 roughneck / 8 roustabout21 manages / 2 reports / 3 does not / 4 receives / 5 is / 6 reports to / 7 control / 8 handling / 9 works / 10 supervises31 was / 2 studied / 3 have / 4 joined / 5 doing / 6 completed / 7 attending / 8 planning / 9 attend 4Possible answers:1 What was your first oil job, and where was it? / 2 When did you join the Marina Rig? / 3 Where are you working at the moment, and what job are you doing?/ 4 What qualifications do you have? / 5 Where did you study for your diploma? / 6 When did you start work on the New Star offshore platform? / 7 When did you do your safety training? / 8 Are you following any training courses at the moment? Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 3Answer key1A Fixed platforms / B Compliant towers / C Sea star platforms / D Tension leg platforms / E Spar platforms21 F / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 T / 6 T31 longer and wider / 2 deepest / 3 deep / 4 strongest, most flexible / 5 least flexible 6 / long41 more lightweight / 2 shallower / 3 shorter / 4 cheaper / 5 easier / 6 safer / 7 fewer / 8 less / 9 small /10 largest / 11 deepest / 12 most economical Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 4Answer key11 Surveying and mapping the sea bed / 2 Planning the route of the pipeline / 3 Constructing the pipes /4 Connecting the pipes into a pipeline / 5 Laying the pipeline on the sea bed / 6 Burying the pipeline under the sea bed / 7 Cleaning out the pipeline before use 2A Fig 2 / B Fig 1 / 1 trench / 2 pipeline / 3 stinger / 4 anchor line / 5 anchor / 6 gravel31 The oil is brought onshore by means of pipelines. / 2 The pipes are covered with bitumen and concrete. / 3 The pipes are welded together on the lay barge. / 4 The new pipeline is laid on the sea bed using a lay barge. / 5 The lay barge is winched forwards using its anchor lines. / 6 A trench is dug under the pipeline using a pipe trenching barge.41 The pipes are coated with bitumen, which protects them from water. / 2 The sailors switch on the winch, which pulls the barge forwards. / 3 The pipes are taken to the welders, who join them together into a pipeline. / 4 The pipeline is guided by a stinger, which prevents it from sinking too quickly. / 5 They use a pipeline inspection gauge, which cleans out the pipe. / 6 The pipeline route is planned by surveyors, who map the sea bed.51 c / 2 a / 3 e / 4 b / 5 d6Possible answer: First, the jacket is fabricated onshore. Next, the finished jacket is towed out to the field in calm weather and launched into the sea. Next, the jacket is turned right side up by flooding the tanks in its legs. Then piles are driven to secure the jacket to the sea bed. Finally, the platform is brought to the jacket and lifted onto the jacket by means of cranes. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 5Answer key11 annular BOP / 2 blind ram BOP / 3 shear ram BOP21 blind ram BOP / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP3Possible answers: 1 Whats the blowout preventer for? / 2 Where is the BOP located? / 3 Why is the BOP needed? (or, Whats the BOP needed for?) / 4 How is the well shut down by the blind ram BOP? / 5 When do the oil workers start the kill procedure? / 6 How are the rams on the BOP operated (or, powered)?41 blowout preventer / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP / 4 choke line / 5 seal of an annular BOP /6 blades on a shear ram BOP / 7 plates on a blind ram BOP / 8 BOP stack51 which / 2 for / 3 to / 4 that / 5 to / 6 for / 7 as / 8 used Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 6Answer key1The following rules were broken:5, 72A 6 / B 5, 7, 8, 9 / C 1, 10 / D 3, 4 / E 2 / F 11, 12 / G 14, 15, 16 / H 133Possible answers: 1 PPE must be worn at all times on the platform. / 2 The response time of the safety vessel has to be checked. / 3 A danger zone needs to be established and clearly marked around the rotary table. / 4 Lanyards have to be taken off near moving equipment.5 Loose clothing, long hair, jewellery and watches need to be removed or confined. / 6 Dangerous items must not be brought aboard offshore oil rigs.41 should be, marked / 2 should be installed / 3 should not be permitted / 4 should be located / 5 should be set up / 6 should be removed 5 6You are here (point B).To reach the TSR, follow these directions.Go straight ahead. Take the second turning on your right and go straight ahead.Then take the first turning on your left and go straight ahead.You will come to a T junction.Turn left.The TSR is on your right.J7274PEARSON Tech Eng Webiste Petroleum 02aw_06_04_J7274.epsAW by HL StudiosTSRA BEscape routes on oil platform Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 7Answer key11 gas / 2 oil / 3 water / 4 cap rock / 5 reservoir rock / 6 source rock2A Fig 2 / B Fig 3 / C Fig 131 F / 2 T / 3 T / 4 T41 be, dont / 2 have, set up, drilling / 3 be, drill / 4 trapping, looking5(a) 4 / (b) 6 / (c) 1 / (d) 9 / (e) 7 / (f) 8 / (g) 2 / (h) 3 / (i) 561 Our company was asked to do a survey of Zone 3. / 2 The survey was completed last week on schedule. / 3 The survey report was received yesterday. / 4 No direct evidence of oil deposits was found. / 5 Some interesting features were observed. / 6 An anticline and a fault were seen. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 8Answer key11 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T21 Because it cant be used as it is. It contains a mixture of useful substances, but they have to be separated out. / 2 That different substances have different boiling points, and therefore condense at different temperatures. / 3 The tray. / 4 To allow the gas to bubble through the liquid and help it to condense more quickly.3A 5 / B 7 / C 6 / D 1 / E 3 / F 8 / G 2 / H 4 41 which / 2 When / 3 by / 4 As / 5 for / 6 from / 7 that / 8 to51 has to be refined, can be used for petrol or jet2 oil was burnt in lamps, is extracted from3 is boiled, the factions are converted into4 fluid is collected by, is carried out of the fractionator through a Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 9Answer key1offshore: Fig 1 / onshore: Fig 221 seismic wave / 2 air gun / 3 hydrophone / 4 rock layer / 5 thumper truck / 6 plates / 7 geophone /8 seismic recording truck31 thumper truck / 2 seismic recording truck / 3 seismic ship / 4 air gun / 5 geophone / 6 hydrophone41 ground survey / 2 rock layers / 3 air gun / 4 shock waves51 Do you know how old the rock is? / 2 Find out what kind of rock is under this point. / 3 They studythe rock to check how porous it is. / 4 We need to know how much liquid or gas the rock contains. /5 Seismology studies how seismic waves move through the Earth. / 6 The geophysicist estimates exactly how deep the oil is. 61 for example / 2 in other words / 3 However / 4 In addition71 about / 2 one-third / 3 just over / 4 one-eighth / 5 one-tenth / 6 one-eighth / 7 just under / 8 one-tenth Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 10Answer key11 viscous / 2 fluid / 3 immiscible / 4 miscible / 5 volatile / 6 stable / 7 flammable / 8 non-flammable21 viscous / 2 miscible / 3 flammable / 4 volatile / 5 fluid / 6 immiscible / 7 non-flammable / 8 stable31 When petrol evaporates, the gas is flammable. / 2 Oil floats on the surface of the sea because it cannot be mixed with water. / 3 This lubricating oil remains viscous at high temperatures. / 4 We need to buy an oil that can be poured easily when it is cold. / 5 Jet fuels such as avtur must have a low volatility. / 6 This oil is too dangerous because it can be ignited at a low temperature.41 Objective / 2 Procedure / 3 Result5First, heat a hot plate to 135 C. Secondly, shake the oil sample vigorously to make the water molecules spread equally through the oil. Finally, drop a small amount of oil onto the hot plate using a clean dropper. If you dont hear any crackling, and you dont see any bubbles of vapour after a few seconds, the oil is free of water. However, if you see bubbles or hear crackling, there is some water inthe oil. 61 of / 2 to / 3 is / 4 is / 5 to / 6if / 7 is / 8 does / 9 does / 10 is 71 This oil must not be used because it contains water. / 2 This fuel ignites at low temperatures, and so it is too dangerous for cars. / 3 Jet planes need fuels with low volatility, since they fly at high altitudes. / 4 Well be driving in a cold country, and therefore we must use an oil with a low pour point. Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 11Answer key11 fractional distillation / 2 alkylation / 3 reforming / 4 cracking / 5 treating / 6 blending21 fractional distillation, distillation column, separate fractions from crude oil, cool fractions at different temperatures / 2 cracking, cracking unit, break down heavy hydrocarbons, heat under high pressure / 3 reforming, reformer, combine hydrocarbons, heat under pressure, use platinum as catalyst / 4 alkylation, alkylation unit, change hydrocarbons, use sulphuric acid as catalyst / 5 treating, treatment unit, remove sulphur, pass through chemical filters / 6 blending, blender, create products such as petrol, mix fractions together3Choose any three from these: 1 Fractional distillation takes place in the distillation column. The purpose of this process is to separate the fractions. It is done by cooling the fractions at different temperatures. /2 Cracking takes place in the cracking unit. The purpose of this process is to break down heavy hydrocarbons into smaller, lighter ones. It is done by heating them under high pressure. / 3 Reforming takes place in the reformer. The purpose of this process is to combine hydrocarbons into larger, heavier ones. It is done by heating them under pressure, using platinum as a catalyst. / 4 Alkylation takes place in the alkylation unit. The purpose of this process is to change the hydrocarbons. It is done by using sulphuric acid as a catalyst. / 5 Treating takes place in the treatment unit. The purpose of this process is to remove sulphur from the hydrocarbons. It is done by passing the hydrocarbons through chemical filters. / 6 Blending takes place in the blender. The purpose of this process is to create products such as petrol. It is done by mixing the fractions together.41 for coming / 2 to explain / 3 by saying / 4 brings me to/ 5 lets look at / 6 move / 7 turn to / 8 shows / 9 shown / 10 like to 51 advantage, that / 2 disadvantage, which / 3 drawback, of / 4 benefit, be / 5 would,recommend /6 suggest, should Pearson Longman 2008www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglishUnit 12Answer key11 2 km / 2 300 m / 3 28 m / 4 35 km / 5 2 miles/ 6 8 km21 F / 2 T / 3 F / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T3Possible answers:1 What shape are snake wells? / 2 What are the advantages of snake wells? / 3 How are snake wells able to hit small targets so accurately? / 4 How are the pressure and temperature inside snake wells monitored? / 5 When was the Champion West field discovered and developed? / 6 How is data transferred from the equipment to the surface of the snake well?41 be produced / 2 be developed / 3 are controlled / 4 are generated / 5 are monitored / 6 is transmitted /7 were drilled / 8 was extracted / 9 was not located / 10 found / 11 was not used / 12 was inserted / 13 was extracted / 14 was increased / 15 were reduced / 16 were added51 that are / 2 which was / 3 which is / 4 that is / 5 which were / 6 which are