Answer Key for All Homework

8/20/2019 Answer Key for All Homework

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Answer key

1 1 spanner / 2 pliers / 3 screwdriver / 4 paint-sprayer / 5 wrench / 6 tyre levers / 7 grease gun / 8 welder

2 1 jack / 2 compressor / 3 airline / 4 wheel balancer / 5 tyre changer / 6 4-post lift

3 1 paint-sprayer / 2 tyre levers, compressor, airline, tyre changer, wheel balancer, jack / 3 welder /4 spanner, screwdriver, wrench, grease gun, 4-post lift

4 1 C / 2 cm / 3 cc / 4 hp / 5 hr / 6 km / 7 kph / 8 l / 9 mm / 10 r pm

5 1 AU / 2 AT / 3 DK / 4 DE / 5 LB / 6 LR / 7 SA / 8 SI / 9 SE / 10 CH

6 1 679,965 / 2 416,894 / 3 258,257 / 4 158,226 / 5 109,626 / 6 In sixth place is Brazil, with sixty-eightthousand, five hundred units. / 7 In seventh place is Spain, with sixty-six thousand, six hundred and

fifty-seven units. / 8 In eighth place is Mexico, with fifty-three thousand, three hundred and ninety-fiveunits. / 9 In ninth place is the Netherlands, with forty-seven thousand, five hundred units. / 10 In tenth

place is France, with forty-seven thousand, four hundred and fifty-one units.

Automotive Industries

© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

Unit 1


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Answer key

1 1 bonnet / 2 body / 3 boot / 4 tailgate / 5 engine / 6 axle / 7 roof / 8 chassis

2 1 b / 2 d / 3 a / 4 c

3 a) four wheel drive / b) hatchback / c) limousine / d) convertible / e) saloon / f) coupé / g estate car / h) people carrier

4 1 A: What’s / B: It’s / A: What’s, called in English / B: it’s called, 3 A: are / 4 A: are, called / B: They’re

6 Use the box spanner to tighten or loosen the wheel nuts.

Use the jack to raise or lower the end of the car.

Use the tyre changer to take off or put on the tyre.

Use your fingers to take off or put on the dust cap.

7 1 hub cap / 2 wheel nuts / 3 jack / 4 wheel / 5 axle / 6 tyre changer / 7 valve / 8 tyre changer /9 compressor / 10 airline / 11 dust cap / 12 wheel balancer / 13 axle / 14 wheel nuts / 15 hub cap

Unit 2Automotive Industries


Unit 2


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Answer key

1 1 engine / 2 drive shafts / 3 fuel tank / 4 pipeline / 5 engine / 6 fuel guage / 7 fuel tank / 8 brakes /9 brakes / 10 silencer / 11 exhaust pipe / 12 silencer / 13 exhaust pipe

2 1 f / 2 c / 3 g / 4 b / 5 a / 6 h / 7 d / 8 e

3 1 What do the brakes do? / 2 What does the fuel tank do? / 3 What do the drive shafts do? / 4 What doesthe exhaust pipe do? / 5 What does the pipeline do? / 6 What does the engine do?

4 1 front, rear / 2 rear, rear / 3 front, front / 4 front, front and the rear

5 1 in / 2 below / 3 at / 4 at / 5 above / 6 in / 7 on / 8 to / 9 below / 10 to

6 1 A: does / B: doesn’t / A: does / B: does / A: have / B: has

2 A: do / B: I don’t / A: do / B: do, have, has

Unit 3


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Answer key

1 1 I / 2 J / 3 H / 4 G / 5 F / 6 D / 7 C / 8 E / 9 A / 10 B

2 1 When you push the direction indicator up, the right-hand indicator lights flash.

2 When you push the direction indicator down, the left-hand indicator lights flash.

3 When you pull the left-hand lever towards you, the headlights flash once.

4 When you push the right-hand lever up into the first position, the wipers operate at long or short

intervals.

5 When you push the right-hand lever up into the second position, the wipers operate at normal speed.

6 When you push the right-hand lever up into the third position, the wipers operate very fast.

7 When you pull the right-hand lever towards the steering wheel, the front windscreen washers work.

8 When you push the right-hand lever away from the steering wheel, the rear windscreen washers work.

3 a) 3 / b) 6 / c) 1 / d) 4 / e) 8 / f) 2 / g) 7 /h)

4 1 check / 2 Pull / 3 wipe / 4 Push / 5 pull / 6 check / 7 add / 8 top up / 9 Unscrew / 10 Pour / 11 Check /12 Put / 13 screw / 14 Push

6 1 can’t / 2 can / 3 can / 4 can’t / 5s can’t / 6 can’t / 7 can

Unit 4


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Answer key

1 1 cable / 2 ignition key / 3 starter motor / 4 engine / 5 alternator / 6 rectifier pack /7 diodes / 8 battery / 9 negative terminal / 10 positive terminal

2 1 a / 2 c / 3 c / 4 b

3 1 e / 2 a / 3 d / 4 b / 5 f / 6 c

4 1 through / 2 around / 3 out of, into / 4 from, to

5 1 c / 2 b / 3 a

If the ignition is off, the starter motor doesn’t work.

6 1current flows from the battery to the lights. /

2 current doesn’t flow from the battery to the radio. /3 current doesn’t flow to the starter motor from the battery. / 4 current doesn’t flow from the alternator to

the battery. / 5 the battery becomes flat. / 6 electricity flows from the battery to the starter motor. /

7 electricity doesn’t flow around the electrical circuit.

Unit 5


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Unit 6

Answer key

1 1 c / 2 k / 3 h / 4 d / 5 j / 6 a / 7 g / 8 l / 9 e / 10 i / 11 b / 12 f

2 1 assessing, connecting, flattening, pulling, pushing, straightening / 2 cutting, fitting, gripping, hitting,labelling, putting / 3 dismantling, measuring, raising, sliding, using, wiping

3 1 doing / 2 putting / 3 sanding / 4 painting / 5 removing / 6 using / 7 cutting / 8 welding / 9 replacing

4 Part Material Properties

1 seat cover leather strong, flexible, doesn’t melt,can burn

2 instrument panel wood hard, not flexible, you can cutit, you can’t bend it, you can’tstretch it, it doesn’t melt

3 2-cylinder petrol engine aluminium light, strong

4 heavy goods vehicle tyres 1) rubber composite 2) steel cords

1) toug h, flexible 2) very strong, heavy

5 silencers steel, coated with aluminium strong, rigid, corrosion-resistant

6 wheels 1) steel 2) alloy

1) no information given2) light, strong

7 fuel tanks 1) steel2) plastic, with steel plates

1) rigid, hard, water-resistant2) rigid, hard, water-resistant;

heat-resistant

5 1 A: What’s the instrument panel made of?

B: It’s made of plastic.

A: Why do they use plastic?

B: Because it’s cheap and light.

2 A: What are the headlights and sidelightsmade of?

B: They’re made of chrome.

A: Why do you use chrome?

B: Because it’s corrosion-resistant.

3 A: What are the seat covers made of?

B: They’re made of nylon and polyester.

A: Why do they use nylon and polyester?

B: Because it’s strong and cheap.

4 A: What are the bonnet and boot made of?

B: They’re made of steel.

A: Why do you use steel?

B: Because it’s tough and rigid.

5 A: What are the seat belts made of?

B: They’re made of nylon.

A: Why do they use nylon?

B: Because it’s strong and flexible.

6 A: What’s the body shell made of?

B: It’s made of steel.

A: Why do you use steel?

B: Because it’s rigid and hard.


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Answer key

1 1 happened / 2 left / 3 returned / 4 found / 5 smashed / 6 drove / 7 had / 8 came / 9 ran / 10 crashed /11 landed / 12 removed / 13 lifted / 14 put / 15 took / 16 stole / 17 took

2 1 smashed / 2 dented / 3 cracked / 4 broken / 5 torn off / 6 scratched / 7 tor / 8 dented, scratched /9 smashed / 10 bent

3 1 They have fitted two new side lights, two new headlights and one new wing mirror. / 2 They havereplaced the front nearside window and windscreen. / 3 They have fitted a new boot lock and radio

antenna. / 4 They have repaired the nearside panel. / 5 They have serviced the brakes. / 6 They have

road-tested the car. / 7 They will replace the in-car multimedia system. / 8 They will fit a new seat cover

to match. / 9 They will repair the roof. / 10 They will replace two worn rear tyres after 1,000 km.

4 1 In / 2 started / 3 came / 4 every / 5 repeated / 6 became / 7 fell / 8 dried / 9 produced / 10 between /11 In / 12 with / 13 had / 14 sold / 15 closed / 16 more / 17 more than

5 1 In 1914. / 2 Four. / 3 The same job. / 4 Because only black paint dried fast enough. / 5 There were morecar manufacturers in 1914. / 6 Japan.

Unit 8


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Answer key

1 1 carburettor / 2 pump / 3 flexible pipe / 4 fuel pipeline / 5 f ilter / 6 fuel tank / 7 filler cap

2 1 c / 2 a / 3 h / 4 e / 5 g / 6 b / 7 f / 8 d

3 1 The fuel pipeline is suspended from the chassis. / 2 The carburettor is mounted on the engine. /3 The filler cap is screwed into the end of the filler pipe. / 4 The fuel pump is mounted on the engine. /

5 The filter is fitted around the outlet pipe from the fuel tank. / 6 The fuel tank is bolted to the body. /

7 The flexible pipe is attached to the fuel pipeline. / 8 The fuel injector is fixed to the engine.

4 1 b / 2 d / 3 a / 4 c / 1 If you can’t turn on the ignition, move the steering wheel from side to side. /

2 If a buzzer sounds when you open the driver’s door, turn off the lights and indicator.

5 1 No, it doesn’t. / 2 No, it doesn’t. / 3 Yes, it is. / 4 No, they don’t. / 5 Yes, it is. / 6 Yes, it is.1 If the engine doesn’t start, check the starter motor. / 2 If the engine doesn’t start, turn off the ignition and

try again. / 3 If the battery is more than five years old, / replace it. / 4 the lights don’t work, check the battery.

/ 5 If the distributor cap is split, replace it immediately. / 6 If the clutch cable is worn, replace it at once.

6 1 protected / 2 connected / 3 charge / 4 ask / 5 check / 6 refill / 7 stop / 8 remove / 9 check / 10 replace

Unit 9


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Unit 12

Answer key

1

Number of wheels 6 Length 12,862 mm

Fuel tank capacity 4,354 or 4,922 Width 7,680 mm

Max. engine speed 1,750 rpm Height 6,494 mm

Max. speed (loaded) 54.3 kph Ground clearance 1,005 mm

Number of axles 2 Wheelbase 5,905 mm

Weight (empty) 116,707 kg Max. load 218 tonnes

2 1 has a height of about 6.5 metres and a length of more than 12.8 metres. / 2 has a weight of over 116tonnes. / 3 a load of up to 218 tonnes. / 4 has a capacity of at least 4,900 litres. / 5 the front axle carriesabout 46% of the weight; the rear axle carries about 54% of the weight. / 6 the front axle carries about33% of the weight; the rear axle carries about 67% of the weight.

3 1 fuel tank / 2 exhaust / 3 silencer / 4 chassis / 5 engine / 6 disk brakes / 7 drive shaft / 8 battery /9 steering wheel / 10 body / 11 suspension / 12 drum brakes

4 1 disconnected / 2 I have / 3 connected / 4 I haven’t / 5 lubricated / 6 disconnected and dismantled /7 repaired / 8 I haven’t / 9 I’m doing that / 10 Have you inspected / 11 No, I haven’t done that /12 I’ll do that / 13 taken off / 14 Yes, I have / 15 removed the dents / 16 I haven’t removed them /17 I’ll do that


13/48© Pearson Longman 2008 www.pearsonlongman.com/technicalenglish

Unit 1Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 well / 2 pipe / 3 tank / 4 string / 5 barrel / 6 field / 7 drill / 8 hole / 9 bit / 10 collar

2 1 oil field / 2 drill string / 3 drill bit / 4 drill pipe / 5 well hole / 6 drill collar

3 1 c / 2 h / 3 b / 4 f / 5 g / 6 a / 7 d / 8 e

4 1 ninety revolutions per minute / 2 four hundred and seventeen millimetres / 3 one hundred(or a hundred) and fifty-nine litres / 4 fourteen kilometres / 5 five hundred and eighteen metres /6 eight hundred and eighty barrels per day

5 1 90 rpm / 2 880 b/d / 3 417 mm / 4 518 m / 5 14 km / 6 159 L

6 1 stop / 2 down / 3 lower / 4 right / 5 pick up

7 1 name’s / 2 What’s / 3 I’m / 4 work / 5 Pleased / 6 do / 7 What’s / 8 I’m



Unit 2Petroleum

Answer key

1 A drill pipe / B drill bit / C drill collar / D well hole / E drill string

2 The correct order is: 1 Attach the drill pipe to the drill bit. / 2 Put the collar on the drill bit. / 3 Fix thekelly to the drill pipe. / 4 Trip the drill string into the well hole. / 5 Slide the kelly into the turntable. /

6 Switch on the power. / 7 Drill the hole. / 8 Attach another drill pipe to the string. / 9 Trip the drill string

out of the well hole. / 10 Install the casing in the well hole.

3 1 Raise the drill bit out of the well hole. / 2 Take the collar off the drill pipe. / 3 Push the drill string into the well hole. / 4 Put the drill bit on the drill pipe and tighten it.

4 1 some / 2 what / 3 how / 4 need / 5 what’s / 6 called / 7 what / 8 They’re / 9 do / 10 It’s



Unit 3Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 T / 2 F – they’re in the centre / 3 F – they’re on the platform / 4 F – they’re to the right / 5 T / 6 T

2 1 The motor is on the platform, to the right of the engines. / 2 The fuel tanks are on the platform, to theleft of the engines. / 3 The ramp is to the right of the platform and to the left of the racks. / 4 The mud pit

is below the pump and to the left of the water tank. / 5 The pump is on the platform, to the right of the

derrick.

3 Possible answers: 1 The water tank is below the platform to the right of the mud pit. / 2 The generator isbelow the platform and the motor. / 3 The engines are on the platform, to the right of the fuel tanks.

4 1 The derrick supports the block and the kelly. / 2 The engines drive the generator. / 3 The fuel tanks storefuel for the engine. / 4 The generator drives the motor. / 5 The pipe racks hold the drill pipes. /

6 The motor turns the turntable.

5 1 drive the motor, does / 2 do, hold the drill pipes / 3 drive the generator, do / 4 does, do, turns theturntable / 5 Does, doesn’t / 6 Do, don’t

6 1 is / 2 It’s / 3 use / 4 does / 5 grips / 6 are / 7 has / 8 have / 9 does / 10 hold / 11 work / 12 goes / 13 pull /14 grips



Unit 4Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 F – it’s at the top of the derrick. / 2 T / 3 F – the kelly is between the swivel and the turntable. / 4 F – thecable moves diagonally upwards from the winch. / 5 T / 6 F – it rotates.

2 1 d / 2 e / 3 a / 4 f / 5 c / 6 b

3 1 can’t, can / 2 can, can’t / 3 can’t, can / 4 can, can’t

4 1 Slide the kelly into the turntable. / 2 Lower the drill pipe into the well hole. / 3 Turn the handle of the winch. / 4 Attach the drill pipe to the kelly. / 5 Raise the drill pipe out of the well hole. / 6 Hang the swivel

from the hook.

5 1 switch on, D moves / 2 switches on, B rotates / 3 Turn off, A doesn’t / 4 turn off, C don’t

6 1 has / 2 rotate / 3 does not / 4 releases / 5 moves / 6 lowers / 7 start / 8 rotate



Unit 5Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 swivel / 2 kelly / 3 casing / 4 drill string / 5 drill collar / 6 drill bit

2 A annulus / B rock cuttings / C reserve pit / D shale slide / E mud return line / F shaker / G stand pipe /H rotary hose / I mud pump

3 1 inlet / 2 outlet / 3 pump / 4 into

4 The correct order is: 1 The pumps suck the drilling mud out of the mud pits. / 2 They then pump thefluid through a hose to the rotary equipment. / 3 From the rotary hose it enters the swivel and the kelly.

/ 4 It then flows down through the drill string. / 5 It then leaves the drill bit and flows around the annulus.

/ 6 The fluid picks up pieces of rock and sand. / 7 Then the mud rises up the well hole between the drill

pipe and the casing. / 8 At the top of the well, the fluid flows through the mud return line into the shaker.

/ 9 The shaker takes the cuttings out of the fluid. / 10 The fluid then goes into the mud pits again, and the

cuttings enter the reserve pit.

5 1 around / 2 from / 3 up / 4 through / 5 into / 6 down / 7 out of / 8 up

6 1 pull, push / 2 carries / 3 passes, flows / 4 leaves / 5 sinks, stay

7 1 If the pump is off, the drilling mud doesn’t flow to the drill string. / 2 If the drilling mud doesn’t flow, therock cuttings don’t rise to the top of the well. / 3 If the engines are off, the kelly and the drill string don’t

rotate. / 4 If the drill string doesn’t rotate, the drill bit doesn’t cut the rock.



Unit 6Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 B / 2 C / 3 E / 4 F / 5 A / 6 D

2 1 made, bends, break / 2 heat, melt, cuts / 3 break/crack, pushes / 4 bend, pulls / 5 made, break, corrode / 6 pull/stretch, break

3 1 c F / 2 e D / 3 a B / 4 f E / 5 d A / 6 b C

4 1 The plastic in the engine does not melt when you heat it. / 2 This pipe is made of synthetic rubberbecause it is corrosion-resistant. / 3 The rope is made of nylon because you cannot stretch it if you pull it.

/ 4 If you pull this synthetic fibre, it does not stretch or break. (does/ not)

5 1 are raising / 2 is turning / 3 is moving / 4 is pulling / 5 are attaching / 6 is happening / 7 are lowering /8 is rotating / 9 is flowing / 10 are they doing / 11 are rotating / is cutting



Unit 7Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 510 m / 2 200 m / 3 two / 4 100 m / 5 20 m / 6 300 m / 7 400 m / 8 1200 m2

2 1 The pipeline is five kilometres long. / 2 The sea is five hundred metres deep. / 3 The heli-port is twentymetres in width. / 4 The length of the drilling platform is forty metres.

3 1 The vertical well is 300 m deep. / 2 The derrick is 100 m high. / 3 The heli-port is 25 m long and 20 m wide. / 4 The piles are 20 m deep. / 5 The drilling platform is 40 m long.

4 1 How high is the derrick above sea level? It’s 210 metres high. / 2 What’s the area of the heli-port? Itsarea is 500 m2. / 3 How deep is the sea at the platform? It’s 500 m deep. / 4 What’s the width of the drilling

platform? It has a width of 30 m. / 5 What’s the total height of the jacket above the sea bed? Its height is

510 m.

5 1 The new platform won’t be ready next year. It’ll be ready two years from now. / 2 The rig won’t havehorizontal wells. It’ll have diagonal and vertical wells. / 3 The piles won’t extend 40 metres below the

sea floor. They’ll extend only 35 metres. / 4 The crew quarters won’t accommodate 500 workers. They’ll

accommodate only 400. / 5 The platform won’t produce 40,000 bpd. It’ll produce more than 60,000.

6 1 much / 2 many / 3 many / 4 much



Unit 8Petroleum

Answer key

1 The correct order is: 1 Survey the land along the planned route. / 2 Clear the route and level it. /3 String pipes in a line along the route. / 4 Dig a 2-metre trench along the route next to the pipe string. /5 Weld the pipes into a long pipe section and bend it into shape. / 6 Lower the welded pipe section into

the trench and weld it to the pipeline. / 7 Cover the pipeline with earth. / 8 Test the pipeline. Pump fluid

through it and check for leaks.

2 1 planned / 2 surveyed / 3 cleared / 4 done / 5 laid / 6 strung / 7 dug / 8 finish / 9 completed / 10 welded /11 welding / 12 finish

3 1 burnt / 2 cracks / 3 missing / 4 dents / 5 blocked / 6 twisted / 7 leaking / 8 broken

4 1 dug / 2 used / 3 saw / 4 lit / 5 came / 6 made / 7 excavated / 8 drilled / 9 invented / 10 completed



Unit 9Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 supply station / 2 regulator station / 3 gauges / 4 pipeline / 5 terminal / 6 control station

2 1 c / 2 f / 3 e / 4 d / 5 b / 6 a

3 1 measure / 2 compresses, pumps / 3 check, switch off / 4 give / 5 falls, transmits / 6 receive, send

4 1 they are / 2 they won’t / 3 they haven’t / 4 it isn’t / 5 they didn’t / 6 it has

5 1 suspended from / 2 mounted on / 3 connected to / 4 disconnected from

6 Possible answer: Check the pressure valve. If the pressure is too low, close the valve stations, but if thepressure is too high, release the pressure. Then check the temperature valve. If the temperature is too

high, switch off the pump, but if it is not too high, increase the pump speed.



Unit 10Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 D / 2 J / 3 E / 4 A / 5 C / 6 B / 7 F / 8 I / 9 H / 10 G

2 1 never / 2 always, mustn’t / 3 always, never / 4 mustn’t, must

3 Possible answers: 1 A guard rail on a stairway was missing. / 2 There were no guards on the winch. /3 Three drillers did not wear their hard hats. / 4 There were nuts and bolts missing from the swivel. /

5 There were no cables for the tools. / 6 The walkway was blocked with hoses.

4 1 happened / 2 did it happen / 3 had / 4 was he / 5 high was he / 6 he fall / 7 Did he wear / 8 did he have



Unit 11Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 valve / 2 well head / 3 casing / 4 well hole

2 Possible answers: 1 c prevents D / 2 d makes G / 3 b allow E / 4 f lets F / 5 g prevents A / 6 e stops C /7 a causes B / 8 h permit H

3 1 The steel pipe prevents water from entering the well hole. / 2 The perforating gun makes holes formin the side of the casing. / 3 The perforations allow oil to enter the bottom of the well. / 4 The tubing lets

oil rise up to the well head. / 5 The packer prevents oil from flowing between the tubing and the casing.

/ 6 The well head stops oil from escaping from the well. / 7 Acid causes limestone rock to dissolve and

break up. / 8 Valves permit the crew to stop the flow of oil through the well head.

4 1 The turntable makes the kelly rotate. / 2 The heli-port allows helicopters to land on the oil platform. /3 The pumps cause the mud and rock cuttings to rise to the top of the well. / 4 The shaker prevents large

cuttings from entering the mud pit. / 5 The hole in the swivel lets the drilling mud flow into the kelly. /

6 The blowout preventer stops oil and gas from exploding out of the well hole.

5 Correct order: 1 The electric motor makes the gear box operate. / 2 This makes a lever move up anddown. / 3 The lever causes a polish rod to go up and down. / 4 This rod is attached to a sucker rod. /

5 This rod is connected to a piston. / 6 When the sucker rod moves up, it causes the pump to move up. /

7 The suction from the pump makes the oil flow up the tubing.



Unit 12Petroleum

Answer key

1 1 Yes, they have. / 2 In the fourth week of January / 3 Installing the lifting and rotary system, setting up themud tanks and mud pumps, and connecting the mud pipes and hoses / 4 In the third week of March.

2 1 Have you raised / 2 did you assemble / 3 assembled / 4 Are you installing / 5 setting up / 6 connecting /7 will you string / 8 do

3 1 dug / 2 have drilled / 3 transported / 4 installed / 5 assemble / 6 assembled / 7 raised / 8 installed /9 doing / 10 setting up / 11 are connecting / 12 strung / 13 string / 14 won’t put / 15 put / 16 will set up

4 1 Detach the kelly from the travelling block. / 2 Fill in the mud and reserve pits. / 3 Disconnect the mudpipes and hoses from the equipment. / 4 Dismantle the rig platform. / 5 Take down all the electric cables.

/ 6 Lower the derrick. / 7 Remove the equipment from the site. / 8 Uninstall the power system and detachit from the cables.

5 Best order for dismantling the rig (other answers are possible): 1 1 / 2 7 / 3 4 / 4 6 / 5 3 / 6 5 / 7 8 / 8 2

6 Possible answer (based on 5): First of all, my team detached the kelly from the travelling block. Next, we uninstalled the power system and detached it from the cables. Then, we took down all the electric

cables. Next, we disconnected the mud pipes and hoses from the equipment. After that, we lowered

the derrick and dismantled the rig platform. Next, we filled in the mud and reserve pits. And finally, we

removed all the equipment from the site.


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Unit 1

Answer key

1 The tanker driver. He pumped 36,000 litres of fuel into the wrong tank.

2 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 T / 6 F

3 1 start / 2 Drain / 3 drain / 4 refill / 5 put in / 6 top up / 7 start / 8 Drain / 9 refill / 10 put in / 11 top up /12 run / 13 put in / 14 start / 15 Drain / 16 refill

4 1 pushing it down now, taken it off / 2 topping it up now, flushed it out / 3 lifting it up, taken them off.4 switching it on now, turned them on.

5 1 screwdriver / 2 wire brush / 3 gear lever / 4 jack / 5 wheel gun / 6 box spanner / 7 tyre valve8 dipstick

6 1 tighten, using / 2 measure, looking / 3 check, attaching / 4 adjust / 5 clean, brushing / 6 raise /7 loosen / 8 put, using


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Answer key

1 1 g / 2 b / 3 e / 4 d / 5 h / 6 a / 7 c / 8 f

2 1 broaching / 2 turning / 3 filing / 3 chiselling / 5 drilling

3 1 Bernard usually planes flat workpieces in the morning and chisels screw-heads in the afternoon. But todayhe’s milling brake disks in the morning and filing brake drums in the afternoon.

2 Pedro usually turns bolts in the morning and turns drive shafts in the afternoon. But today he’s planing gear

wheels in the morning and chiselling nuts in the afternoon.

3 Michael usually grinds exhaust pipes in the morning and grinds valves in the afternoon. But today he’s

turning crankshafts in the morning and turning connecting rods in the afternoon.

4 Wayne usually files engine blocks in the morning and drills engine blocks in the afternoon. But today he’s

turning pistons in the morning and grinding gear wheels in the afternoon.

4 Job B

5 1 worked / 2 left / 3 became / 4 studied / 5 was awarded / 6 started / 7 went / 8 am looking /9 enclose / 10 gives

Unit 2


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Unit 3

Answer key

1 A 3 / B 4 / C 1 / D 6 / E 5 / F 2

2 The Seden has the best owner’s comments.

3 1 the cheapest / 2 the worst / 3 the noisiest / 4 least / 5 less comfortable / 6 better / 7 less economical /8 the best / 9 most / 10 higher / 11 the most reliable / 12 more comfortable / 13 more expensive

4 1 higher / 2 heavier / 3 stronger / 4 longer / 5 greater / 6 higher / 7 heavier / 8 higher / 9 more expensive /10 heavier / 11 greater / 12 less / 13 more / 14 noisier

5 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F / 5 T / 6 F


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Unit 4

Answer key 1 1 Bus chassis / 2 Delivery area / 3 Panel pressing / 4 Body assembly line / 5 Paint shop / 6 Trim line /

7 Final assembly line

2 1 The frame of the bus is assembled in the factory. The bottom part of the bus is assembled outside by anothercompany. / 2 floor, windows, lighting, insulation, seats / 3 sanding, washing, cleaning, spray-painting, baking

3 1 Then / 2 Lastly / 3 At the end of this stage / 4 Before / 5 next / 6 At the end of this process / 7 After8 While / 9 Finally / 10 last of all / 11 At the same time / 12 at this point / 13 Finally

4 1 c / 2 e / 3 h / 4 g / 5 f / 6 d / 7 a / 8 b

5 Sample answer: It is longer, wider and lower. It has more doors, which are wider. It can go up and down.It holds more passengers. It has very few seats.

6 1 Because the bus carries large numbers of passengers. / 2 To allow passengers to get on and off quicklyand easily. / 3 AC system, all-round windows, electronic indicator boards. / 4 To allow easy boarding. /

5 To allow wheelchair users and people with infant pushchairs to board the bus. / 6 To allow more

people inside the bus; because the passengers travel only a short distance.


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Unit 5

Answer key

1 1 steering shaft coupling / 2 pinion / 3 rack / 4 track rod ball joint / 5 track rod / 6 universal joint /7 ball swivel joint / 8 suspension arm / 9 steering column / 10 steering wheel

2 1 A steering column is a long round shaft that is rotated by the steering wheel. / 2 A safety coupling is a joint that separates upon impact. / 3 A universal joint is a joint in a shaft that allows rotation when theshaft is not in a straight line. / 4 A rack is a flat toothed bar that engages with the pinion and moves ina straight line. / 5 A pinion is a toothed wheel that rotates and engages with the rack. / 6 A track rodball joint is a joint that allows the car wheel to be turned.

3 1 PAS pump / 2 oil / 3 control valve / 4 control valve / 5 control valve / 6 Oil / 7 ports / 8 piston /9 power cylinder / 10 control valve / 11 ports / 12 Oil / 13 port / 14 piston / 15 power cylinder

4 1 vehicle / 2 machine / 3 system / 4 device / 5 an instrument / 6 a tool / 7 a handbook /8 a generator / 9 system / 10 a person

5 1 An HGV is a (heavy goods) vehicle that is used to transport goods. / 2 A petrol engine is a self-runningmachine that propels a car or small van. / 3 The transmission is a system that transfers power from thecrankshaft to the wheels. / 4 A sensor is a device that detects changes in the car’s operating or runningsystems. / 5 A speedometer is an instrument that displays a vehicle’s speed. / 6 A jack is a tool thatraises the end or side of a car for a wheel change. / 7 The owner’s manual is a handbook whichexplains how to operate the controls. / 8 The alternator is a generator which generates electricity tocharge the battery. / 9 SATNAV is a navigation system which transmits and receives information viasatellite. / 10 An autobody technician is a person who repairs damaged bodywork.


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Unit 6

Answer key

1 Ventilation d / Ignition c / Containment a / Exchange e / Separation b

a) Are there, Are there / b) Are there / c) Is there / d) Is there / e) Is there

2 Don’t: 1 2 3 5 8 9 10 11 / Do: 4 6 7 12

3 1 Containers of flammable liquids must be kept closed when not in use. / 2 The working area needs to bekept dust-free by regular cleaning. / 3 Flammable dusts should not be allowed to build up in workingareas. / 4 Flammable solids have to be kept away from heaters and electrical equipment. / 5 Gangwaysand exits must be kept clear of all materials containing flammable solids. / 6 Hoses should not beused with flammable gases if they become damaged or worn. / 7 Oxygen must not be used instead ofcompressed air. / 8 The labels and safety data sheets for chemicals need to be checked.

4 dust-free / well-ventilated / flammable / clear closed / lidded / fresh (air) / suitable

5 1 should be sprayed, should be allowed / 2 should be removed, should be cleaned / 3 should be trickle-charged / 4 should not be allowed / 5 should be emptied / 6 should be carried out, should be changed /7 should be slackened, should not be slackened / 8 should be lubricated / 9 should be placed / 10 shouldbe removed, stored


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Answer key1 Sample answers: 1 the oil level might be too low. / 2 the coolant temperature could be too high; the

coolant level may be too low; the radiator fan may have failed. / 3 there must be a fault with the chargingsystem; the battery terminals may be slack, or the alternator drive belt might be loose or broken; thealternator could have failed. / 4 the brake fluid level may be too low. / 5 the front brake pads must havereached their maximum wear level; the rear brake pads may also have reached their maximum wearlevel. / 6 there could be a malfunction with the system; both systems must be defective.

2 A 5 / B 3 / C 1 / D 2 / E 2 / F 4

3 1 Try switching off the engine and checking the oil level. / 2 Why don’t you check the coolant level first?If the coolant level is correct, you could check the radiator fan fuse and renew it if necessary. / 3 First,switch off the engine. Then you could check the battery terminals and alternator drive belt. / 4 Why don’t

you check the brake fluid level and top up if necessary? If the brake fluid level is correct, you could take

the vehicle to a garage for checking. / 5 Why don’t you take the vehicle to a garage? You could ask thegarage to check the rear brake pads at the same time. / 6 You should take the vehicle to a garage as soonas possible.

4 1 The oil level was topped up. / 2 The radiator fan fuse was renewed. / 3 The battery terminals weretightened. / 4 The alternator drive belt was replaced. / 5 The engine management system (EMS) wasreset. / 6 The brake fluid level was topped up. / 7 The front brake pads were replaced. / 8 The rear brakepads were checked.

5 Sample answers: 1 Try freewheeling down the hill. / 2 Why don’t you get your passengers to push-startthe car? / 3 You could try tow-starting the car. / 4 Why don’t you use jump leads to start the engine of thecar with the flat battery? / 5 In this situation, you must use jump leads. / 6 You should buy a new one.

Unit 7


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Unit 8

Answer key

1 1 brake fluid reservoir / 2 master cylinder / 3 footbrake / 4 brake fluid / 5 drum brakes / 6 single-linehydraulic layout / 7 disk brakes / 8 lever / 9 cable / 10 rear drum brakes

2 1 b / 2 c / 3 b / 4 b / 5 b / 6 a / 7 c / 8 a / 9 c

3 1 shoes / 2 back-plate / 3 axle tube / 4 Friction linings / 5 supply pipe / 6 shoes / 7 drum / 8 disk /9 friction pads / 10 supply pipe / 11 friction pads / 12 disk / 13 interconnecting pipe / 14 pistons

4 1 a disk brake / 2 a drum brake / 3 a disk brake / 4 the front wheels / 5 the rear wheels /6 when the brake pedal is operated


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Unit 9

Answer key

1 1 shortest / 2 at intervals / 3 approximately / 4 more rapid / 5 continuous / 6 less than / 7 over / 8 less than

2 1 above / 2 the desired speed / 3 at the speed / 4 more than / 5 more than / 6 in steps / 7 less than /8 higher / 9 approximately

3 1 The parking distance warning system calculates how far away the obstacle is. / 2 You can tell how far you are from the obstacle by listening how fast the audible warning signal is. / 3 The functioning of the

system depends on how fast the driver is reversing. / 4 The functioning of the reversing sensors depends

on how clean they are. / 5 The functioning of the cruise control system depends on how fast you are

driving. / 6 The cruise control system measures how long you are driving at a speed of more than 10 kph

over the stored speed. / 7 You can decide how you decelerate by pressing or holding the rocker switch.

4 1 It should be checked. / 2 Yes, it should be serviced now; the air filter element should be replaced; thehousing should be cleaned. / 3 The oil level in the final drive for the gearbox should be checked. / 4 The

camshaft drive belt and tensioner roller should be replaced. / 5 The air filter element and the spark plugs

should be replaced.

5 1 fortnightly / 2 every fortnight, before any long journey / 3 at recommended service intervals4 regularly, as necessary / 5 over time, once a year


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Unit 10

Answer key

1

Component Property Example Material

conductor allows the flow

of an electrical

current

wire, bar copper, platinum,

gold, silver

insulators resists the flow

of an electrical

current

insulation material

for a cable

glass, plastic,

rubber, porcelain,

PVC

semiconductors allows some

electrical current

to flow

temperature

sensor

silicon, germanium

2 1 component / 2 properties / 3 good conductors / 4 insulating material / 5 resistance value /6 electrical current / 7 affect

3 1 current / 2 signals / 3 resistance / 4 higher / 5 lower / 6 overheat / 7 fuses / 8 blade connectors /9 plastic housing / 10 conductor / 11 blown fuse

4 1 The driver left the headlights on, so the car had a flat battery. / 2 Since the driver tried the starter motoragain and again, the battery became flat. / 3 The driver didn’t have a spare fuse, therefore he couldn’t

replace the blown fuse. / 4 The wire in the circuit melted since the wrong fuse was used. / 5 The

mechanic didn’t have a wiring diagram for the car and as a result couldn’t repair the car. / 6 The fuse

blew because the current in the circuit was too high. / 7 The driver couldn’t see out of the rear window,

as the rear windscreen heater was broken.

5 1 e / 2 a / 3 d / 4 g / 5 b / 6 f / 7 c


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Unit 11

Answer key

1 A 3 / B 5 / C 1 / D 6 / E 2 / F 4

2 1 taper roller bearings / 2 roller bearings, spherical roller bearings / 3 ball bearings / 4 a bush bearing, asplit bearing / 5 spherical roller bearings, taper roller bearings, double-row ball bearings

3 1 inner race / 2 cage / 3 balls / 4 outer race

4 1 quarries and landfill sites

2 8.8 litre 6-cylinder engine; top speed of 10 kph in travel mode; work mode is slower; independent powerand control for each track

3 Bucket width: 3.3 m; bucket capacity: 4.7 m3

4 Rigid box-sections; steel frame; bucket of high-strength low alloy steel 5 Sections: resist torsional forces. Frame: flexibility, durability and resistance to forces. Bucket: resists

dents and damage

6 Designed for comfort and ease of operation; AC and heating (standard); 2 groups of instruments:gauges, warning indicators

5 Sample answer:

1 The aim of the design was to produce an articulated dump truck with greater power and the ability tocarry increased payloads. The designers considered the needs of users, for example, quarries, landfillsites, the forestry industry and construction sites.

2 The new design has a 5.9 litre engine with a top speed of 50 kph. 3 The truck has a maximum payload capacity of 20 tonnes, or 12 m3. The increased dimensions allow

the truck to carry a payload 15% greater than before.

4 The powerful engine drives the truck through six forward gears and three reverse gears. One mainadvantage is that the driver can choose manual or automatic transmission. The design uses a twinhydraulic system, one for steering and tipping and the second for braking and suspension. In additionthere is a power-assisted dual braking system.

5 The design uses high tensile strength steel for the chassis to support the increased payload. Theadvantage of the box-section reinforcements is that the truck has greater rigidity and resistance toincreased loading forces.

6 The redesigned driver’s cab features reduced noise and vibration from the engine, plus improved visibility and stability. AC is fitted as a standard feature.


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Unit 12

Answer key

1 1 lead acid battery / 2 nickel-metal hybride battery / 3 li-ion battery / 4 cathode / 5 anode / 6 electrolyte

2

lithium-ion (li-ion) nickel-metal hybride (NiMH) lead-acid

Watt-hours per kg of battery 150 60–70 25

% loss of charge per month 5% 20%

3 1 first made in the 1970s / 2 referred to as insertion / 3 referred to as extraction / 4 extracted from theanode / 5 extracted from the cathode / 6 obtained / 7 stored in the batteries

4 1 The lithium batteries which were first made in the 1970s were not as safe as the current li-ion batteries.

2 Lithium moves into the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as insertion.

3 Lithium moves out of the anode or cathode, a process which is referred to as extraction.

4 When the cell discharges, the lithium which is extracted from the anode is inserted into the cathode.

5 When the cell charges, the lithium which is extracted from the cathode is inserted into the anode.

6 The advantage of li-ion chemistry is the high open circuit voltage which is obtained in comparison to

other batteries like lead-acid or nickel-metal hybride.

7 Laptops use the energy which is stored in the batteries through the movement of lithium ions.

51 e / 2 c / 3 g / 4 i / 5 f / 6 h / 7 b / 8 j / 9 d / 10 a

6 1 rechargeable / 2 store / 3 application / 4 functional / 5 manufacture / 6 popular



Unit 1

Answer key

1 A 2 / B 7 / C 4 / D 3 / E 9 / F 1 / G 5 / H 10 / I 6 / J 8

2 1 f / 2 c / 3 b / 4 a / 5 d / 6 e

3 1 You trip in the drill string by lowering it through the rotary table into the well hole. / 2 You rig up byraising the derrick and assembling the equipment on the rig. / 3 You make up the string by attaching the

drill bit to the drill collar and drill pipes. / 4 You break out the string by unscrewing all the drill pipes from

one another. / 5 You trip out the string by lifting the drill bit, collar and drill pipes out of the well hole. /

6 You lay down the pipes by putting them down horizontally on the pipe racks. / 7 You shut in the well

by closing all the valves on the well head and stopping oil from pouring out. / 8 You install the casing by

running a casing pipe down the well and fixing it in the well with cement.

4 1 shutting, in, shut, in / 2 tripping, out, tripped, out

5 1 We’re setting them back now. OK, we’ve set them back. / 2 We’re laying them down now. OK, we’velaid them down. / 3 We’re picking it up now. OK, we’ve picked it up. / 4 We’re making it up now. OK,

we’ve made it up.

6 1 rotary table / 2 casing / 3 winch / 4 drill bit / 5 hook / 6 drill collar

7 Possible answers: 1 You make the kelly rotate by means of the rotary table. / 2 You prevent the sides ofthe well hole from collapsing using a casing pipe. / 3 You raise and lower the cable by using a winch. /

4 You cut the rock at the bottom of the well by means of the drill bit. / 5 You attach the kelly to the swivel

using the hook. / 6 You add a heavy weight to the drill bit by using the drill collar.



Unit 2

Answer key

1 1 drilling engineer / 2 mud engineer / 3 toolpusher / 4 motorhand / 5 driller / 6 derrickhand /7 roughneck / 8 roustabout

2 1 manages / 2 reports / 3 does not / 4 receives / 5 is / 6 reports to / 7 control / 8 handling /9 works / 10 supervises

3 1 was / 2 studied / 3 have / 4 joined / 5 doing / 6 completed / 7 attending / 8 planning / 9 attend

4 Possible answers: 1 What was your first oil job, and where was it? / 2 When did you join the MarinaRig? / 3 Where are you working at the moment, and what job are you doing? / 4 What qualifications

do you have? / 5 Where did you study for your diploma? / 6 When did you start work on the New Star

offshore platform? / 7 When did you do your safety training? / 8 Are you following any training courses at

the moment?



Unit 3

Answer key

1 A Fixed platforms / B Compliant towers / C Sea star platforms / D Tension leg platforms / E Spar platforms

2 1 F / 2 F / 3 T / 4 T / 5 T / 6 T

3 1 longer and wider / 2 deepest / 3 deep / 4 strongest, most flexible / 5 least flexible 6 / long

4 1 more lightweight / 2 shallower / 3 shorter / 4 cheaper / 5 easier / 6 safer / 7 fewer / 8 less / 9 small /10 largest / 11 deepest / 12 most economical



Unit 4

Answer key

1 1 Surveying and mapping the sea bed / 2 Planning the route of the pipeline / 3 Constructing the pipes /4 Connecting the pipes into a pipeline / 5 Laying the pipeline on the sea bed / 6 Burying the pipelineunder the sea bed / 7 Cleaning out the pipeline before use

2 A Fig 2 / B Fig 1 / 1 trench / 2 pipeline / 3 stinger / 4 anchor line / 5 anchor / 6 gravel

3 1 The oil is brought onshore by means of pipelines. / 2 The pipes are covered with bitumen and concrete. / 3 The pipes are welded together on the lay barge. / 4 The new pipeline is laid on the sea bed using a lay

barge. / 5 The lay barge is winched forwards using its anchor lines. / 6 A trench is dug under the pipeline

using a pipe trenching barge.

4 1 The pipes are coated with bitumen, which protects them from water. / 2 The sailors switch on the winch, which pulls the barge forwards. / 3 The pipes are taken to the welders, who join them together

into a pipeline. / 4 The pipeline is guided by a stinger, which prevents it from sinking too quickly. /

5 They use a pipeline inspection gauge, which cleans out the pipe. / 6 The pipeline route is planned by

surveyors, who map the sea bed.

5 1 c / 2 a / 3 e / 4 b / 5 d

6 Possible answer: First, the jacket is fabricated onshore. Next, the finished jacket is towed out to the fieldin calm weather and launched into the sea. Next, the jacket is turned right side up by flooding the tanks

in its legs. Then piles are driven to secure the jacket to the sea bed. Finally, the platform is brought to the

jacket and lifted onto the jacket by means of cranes.



Unit 5

Answer key

1 1 annular BOP / 2 blind ram BOP / 3 shear ram BOP

2 1 blind ram BOP / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP

3 Possible answers: 1 What’s the blowout preventer for? / 2 Where is the BOP located? / 3 Why is the BOPneeded? (or, What’s the BOP needed for?) / 4 How is the well shut down by the blind ram BOP? / 5 Whendo the oil workers start the kill procedure? / 6 How are the rams on the BOP operated (or, powered)?

4 1 blowout preventer / 2 annular BOP / 3 shear ram BOP / 4 choke line / 5 seal of an annular BOP /6 blades on a shear ram BOP / 7 plates on a blind ram BOP / 8 BOP stack

5 1 which / 2 for / 3 to / 4 that / 5 to / 6 for / 7 as / 8 used



Unit 6

Answer key

1 The following rules were broken: 5, 7

2 A 6 / B 5, 7, 8, 9 / C 1, 10 / D 3, 4 / E 2 / F 11, 12 / G 14, 15, 16 / H 13

3 Possible answers: 1 PPE must be worn at all times on the platform. / 2 The response time of the safety vessel has to be checked. / 3 A danger zone needs to be established and clearly marked around therotary table. / 4 Lanyards have to be taken off near moving equipment. 5 Loose clothing, long hair,

jewellery and watches need to be removed or confined. / 6 Dangerous items must not be brought aboardoffshore oil rigs.

4 1 should be, marked / 2 should be installed / 3 should not be permitted / 4 should be located / 5 shouldbe set up / 6 should be removed

5

6 You are here (point B). To reach the TSR, follow these directions. Go straight ahead. Take the secondturning on your right and go straight ahead. Then take the first turning on your left and go straight ahead.

You will come to a T junction. Turn left. The TSR is on your right.

TSR

AB

Escape routes on oil platform



Unit 7

Answer key

1 1 gas / 2 oil / 3 water / 4 cap rock / 5 reservoir rock / 6 source rock

2 A Fig 2 / B Fig 3 / C Fig 1

3 1 F / 2 T / 3 T / 4 T

4 1 be, don’t / 2 have, set up, drilling / 3 be, drill / 4 trapping, looking

5 (a) 4 / (b) 6 / (c) 1 / (d) 9 / (e) 7 / (f) 8 / (g) 2 / (h) 3 / (i) 5

6 1 Our company was asked to do a survey of Zone 3. / 2 The survey was completed last week onschedule. / 3 The survey report was received yesterday. / 4 No direct evidence of oil deposits was found. /5 Some interesting features were observed. / 6 An anticline and a fault were seen.



Unit 8

Answer key

1 1 T / 2 F / 3 T / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T

2 1 Because it can’t be used as it is. It contains a mixture of useful substances, but they have to beseparated out. / 2 That different substances have different boiling points, and therefore condense at

different temperatures. / 3 The tray. / 4 To allow the gas to bubble through the liquid and help it to

condense more quickly.

3 A 5 / B 7 / C 6 / D 1 / E 3 / F 8 / G 2 / H 4

4 1 which / 2 When / 3 by / 4 As / 5 for / 6 from / 7 that / 8 to

5 1 has to be refined, can be used for petrol or jet

2 oil was burnt in lamps, is extracted from

3 is boiled, the factions are converted into

4 fluid is collected by, is carried out of the fractionator through a



Unit 9

Answer key

1 offshore: Fig 1 / onshore: Fig 2

2 1 seismic wave / 2 air gun / 3 hydrophone / 4 rock layer / 5 thumper truck / 6 plates / 7 geophone /8 seismic recording truck

3 1 thumper truck / 2 seismic recording truck / 3 seismic ship / 4 air gun / 5 geophone / 6 hydrophone

4 1 ground survey / 2 rock layers / 3 air gun / 4 shock waves

5 1 Do you know how old the rock is? / 2 Find out what kind of rock is under this point. / 3 They studythe rock to check how porous it is. / 4 We need to know how much liquid or gas the rock contains. /

5 Seismology studies how seismic waves move through the Earth. / 6 The geophysicist estimates exactly

how deep the oil is.

6 1 for example / 2 in other words / 3 However / 4 In addition

7 1 about / 2 one-third / 3 just over / 4 one-eighth / 5 one-tenth / 6 one-eighth / 7 just under / 8 one-tenth



Unit 10

Answer key

1 1 viscous / 2 fluid / 3 immiscible / 4 miscible / 5 volatile / 6 stable / 7 flammable / 8 non-flammable

2 1 viscous / 2 miscible / 3 flammable / 4 volatile / 5 fluid / 6 immiscible / 7 non-flammable / 8 stable

3 1 When petrol evaporates, the gas is flammable. / 2 Oil floats on the surface of the sea because it cannotbe mixed with water. / 3 This lubricating oil remains viscous at high temperatures. / 4 We need to buy an

oil that can be poured easily when it is cold. / 5 Jet fuels such as avtur must have a low volatility. / 6 This

oil is too dangerous because it can be ignited at a low temperature.

4 1 Objective / 2 Procedure / 3 Result

5 First, heat a hot plate to 135° C. Secondly, shake the oil sample vigorously to make the water moleculesspread equally through the oil. Finally, drop a small amount of oil onto the hot plate using a clean

dropper. If you don’t hear any crackling, and you don’t see any bubbles of vapour after a few seconds, the

oil is free of water. However, if you see bubbles or hear crackling, there is some water in the oil.

6 1 of / 2 to / 3 is / 4 is / 5 to / 6 if / 7 is / 8 does / 9 does / 10 is

7 1 This oil must not be used because it contains water. / 2 This fuel ignites at low temperatures, and soit is too dangerous for cars. / 3 Jet planes need fuels with low volatility, since they fly at high altitudes. /

4 We’ll be driving in a cold country, and therefore we must use an oil with a low pour point.



Unit 11

Answer key

1 1 fractional distillation / 2 alkylation / 3 reforming / 4 cracking / 5 treating / 6 blending

2 1 fractional distillation, distillation column, separate fractions from crude oil, cool fractions at differenttemperatures / 2 cracking, cracking unit, break down heavy hydrocarbons, heat under high pressure / 3

reforming, reformer, combine hydrocarbons, heat under pressure, use platinum as catalyst / 4 alkylation,

alkylation unit, change hydrocarbons, use sulphuric acid as catalyst / 5 treating, treatment unit, remove

sulphur, pass through chemical filters / 6 blending, blender, create products such as petrol, mix fractions

together

3 Choose any three from these: 1 Fractional distillation takes place in the distillation column. The purposeof this process is to separate the fractions. It is done by cooling the fractions at different temperatures. /

2 Cracking takes place in the cracking unit. The purpose of this process is to break down heavy

hydrocarbons into smaller, lighter ones. It is done by heating them under high pressure. /3

Reformingtakes place in the reformer. The purpose of this process is to combine hydrocarbons into larger, heavier

ones. It is done by heating them under pressure, using platinum as a catalyst. / 4 Alkylation takes place

in the alkylation unit. The purpose of this process is to change the hydrocarbons. It is done by using

sulphuric acid as a catalyst. / 5 Treating takes place in the treatment unit. The purpose of this process is to

remove sulphur from the hydrocarbons. It is done by passing the hydrocarbons through chemical filters. /

6 Blending takes place in the blender. The purpose of this process is to create products such as petrol. It

is done by mixing the fractions together.

4 1 for coming / 2 to explain / 3 by saying / 4 brings me to / 5 let’s look at / 6 move / 7 turn to / 8 shows /9 shown / 10 like to

5 1 advantage, that / 2 disadvantage, which / 3 drawback, of / 4 benefit, be / 5 would, recommend /6 suggest, should


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Unit 12

Answer key

1 1 2 km / 2 300 m / 3 28 m / 4 35 km / 5 2 miles/ 6 8 km

2 1 F / 2 T / 3 F / 4 F / 5 T / 6 T

3 Possible answers: 1 What shape are snake wells? / 2 What are the advantages of snake wells? / 3 Howare snake wells able to hit small targets so accurately? / 4 How are the pressure and temperature inside

snake wells monitored? / 5 When was the Champion West field discovered and developed? / 6 How is

data transferred from the equipment to the surface of the snake well?

4 1 be produced / 2 be developed / 3 are controlled / 4 are generated / 5 are monitored / 6 is transmitted /7 were drilled / 8 was extracted / 9 was not located / 10 found / 11 was not used / 12 was inserted /

13 was extracted / 14 was increased / 15 were reduced / 16 were added

5 1 that are / 2 which was / 3 which is / 4 that is / 5 which were / 6 which are

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Answer Key for All Homework