2. Scientific Measurement

Therefore if any man be in

Christ, he is a new creature:

old things are passed away;

behold, all are become new.

2 Corinthians 5:17

SCIENTIFIC

MEASUREMENT

OBJECTIVES

Define Measurement.

Discuss the History of Measurement.

Name the two systems of measurement.

Convert one unit to another.

WHAT IS MEASUREMENT?

A process of expressing the size or quantity ofan object in terms of a known standard unit.

An essential tool in science.

A process of finding out how many times anunknown quantity is contained in a standard.

A comparison of quantity to a standard.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS

How does measurementstarted?

How do people long timeago measure objects?

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENTS

Using your own body, determine:

Length of the table;

- using the distance from your elbow to

the tip of your middle finger.

- the distance between the thumb and the

little finger while the hand is outstretched.

Length of chalkboard;

- using the width of the closed hand.

HISTORY OF MEASUREMENT

THE CUBIT

A cubit is the distance from your elbow to the

tip of your middle finger.

used by Egyptians for building pyramids (2750

B.C.)

Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.


Example: Khufu Pyramid at Gizeh in Egypt.


THE SPAN

A span is the distance

between the thumb and

the little finger while the

hand is outstretched.

used to measure the

height of

horses.


THE FATHOM

is the measure from

fingertip to fingertip when

your arms are stretched

sideways as far as they

will go.

used by seamen tomeasure the depth of

water so that boats would

not run aground and be

stranded.


THE PACE

is the measure of distance

from one step to another.

This term was used by theRoman army to judge speed.

The term is still used

frequently during various

types of foot races.


THE FOOT

A measurement equal to the length of an

individuals foot.

King Henry 1 standardized this

measurement,

because his foot

was 12 inches

long.


THE PALM

The palm is the

width of your four

fingers when they

are placed together.


18th Century- dozens of different units of measurement

were commonly used throughout the world.

1790- the French National Assembly commissioned the

Academy of Science to design a simple decimal-based

system of units. The system they devised is known as

the metric system

1960- the metric system was officially named the

Systme International d'Units (or SI for short) and is

now used in nearly every country in the world.

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEMS

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial system

Metric system

WHAT ARE THE TWO SYSTEM

OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial system Standard Systems are based on some standard

to measure against.

Early standard systems often used body parts of the king or ruler as the standard distance.

When the king died, a new measurement system would be created.


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System- more complicated

- does not work in multiples of ten.

- commonly uses weight rather

than mass.


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System12 inches = 1 foot

3 feet = 1 yard

1760 yards = 1 mile

1 league = 3 miles

6 feet = 1 fathom

22 yards = 1 chain


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System- Weight

refers to the gravitational

pull of an object.

- Mass

refers to the amount of matter in

an object.


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System- Weight refers to the gravitational

pull of an object.

Q: Which of the two apple is lighter,

the one on the moon? Or the one

thats on the earth?


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial System- Mass refers to the amount of

matter in an object.

Q: Which of the two apple is

heavier, the one on the moon? Or

the one thats on the earth?


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial SystemBase units:

Length- inches (in), feet (ft), yards and miles

Time- seconds (s), hours (hr), days (d), weeks and years (yr)


OF MEASUREMENT?

Imperial SystemBase units:

Weight- pounds (lb)

Temperature- Fahrenheit (F)


OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric System- SI unit (International system).

- the most common system of

measurements in the world.

- easy to use because it is based on

the units of ten.


OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric System In 1799, Napoleon commissioned a survey to find

the length from the equator to the North Pole.

One ten-millionth of this distance was defined as a metre.

Conversions from one unit to another were all done by factors of 10.

Metric ConversionsgmL

0.1 .01 .001101001000

Baseunit

deci centi millidekahectokilo

Example #1: Convert 18 liters to milliliters

18 L

1 2 3

18 liters = 18 000 milliliters


OF MEASUREMENT?

Metric SystemBase units:

Length- meter (m)

Time- second (s)

Mass- gram (g)/ kilogram (kg)

Temperature- Kelvin (k)/ Celsius (C)


OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of unitsBase units

Examples

-kilogram (kg) -Kelvin (K)

-meter (m) -mole (mol)

-second (s) -ampere (A)


OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of unitsDerived units

- combinations of base units.

- cannot be measured directly


OF MEASUREMENT?

Derived units

Examples:

volume, area, density, speed,

acceleration


OF MEASUREMENT?

Derived units

Volume- is a measure of how much

space an object can occupy.

V= l x w x h


OF MEASUREMENT?

Derived units

Density- is a physical property of

matter. A measure of the amount of

matter contained in a given

volume.


OF MEASUREMENT?

2 kinds of unitsDerived units

Area- is derived from the units of

linear measure.

A= l x w

THE END.

THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!

GOD BLESS

QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:

1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called _______.

2. ________ measure on how much a space an object can

occupy.

3-4 Give the two systems of measurement.

5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object.

6. ________ a measure of distance from one step to another.

7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object.

8. What is the name of the King who standardized the

measurement of Foot?

9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another

were all done by factors of 10?

10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the

height of a horse?

QUIZ: In a sheet of paper, write the correct answer to the following:

1. A comparison of a quantity to a standard is called measurement.

2. Volume measure on how much a space an object can occupy.

3-4 Give the two systems of measurement. Metric & Imperial

5. It refers to the amount of matter in an object. Mass

6. Pace a measure of distance from one step to another.

7. Refers to the gravitational pull of an object. Weight

8. What is the name of the King who standardized the

measurement of Foot? King Henry I

9. In what system does conversions from one unit to another were

all done by factors of 10? Metric

10. What measurement long ago was use in measuring the height

of a horse? Span

CONVERSION FACTORS

HOW TO GO FROM ONE UNIT TO ANOTHER?

Conversion is a process of converting one unit to another.

Dimensional analysis- involves in determining :

What units a problem is given.

What units the answer should be.

What factor to be used to make the conversion from one unit to another.

CONVERSION FACTORS

WHAT ARE THE STEPS IN CONVERTING ONE

UNIT TO ANOTHER?

1. Form a unit or unity fraction. Find the basic

relationships between the units.

2. Using this basic relationship put the units you want in

the answer in the numerator of the fraction.

3. Put the units you want to get rid of (are converting

from) in the denominator.

4. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.

5. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be

left with the units you want.

CONVERSION FACTORS

EXAMPLE:

Convert 12 feet to yards.

1. Form a unit or unity fraction and find the basic relationships

between the units.

The basic relationship is 3 feet= 1 yard

2. The units we want in the answer are yards, so they go into

the numerator. The units of feet are in the denominator.

1 yard

3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS


UNIT TO ANOTHER?

3. Multiply the given quantity by the unity fraction.

1 yard

12 feet x

3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS


UNIT TO ANOTHER?

4. The units should divide out (cancel), and you should be

left with the units you want.

1 yard

12 feet x = 4 yards

3 feet

CONVERSION FACTORS

EXAMPLE:

Convert 3 kilometers to meter.

1 kilometer = 1000 meter

1000 m 3000 km . m

3 km x =

1 km km

3000 km . m

km

= 3000 m

CONVERSION FACTORS

EXAMPLE:

Convert kilometer/hour to meter/second

Do in two stages: km/h m/h and m/h m/s

Convert km/h to m/h

1 km 1000 m 1000 km . m 1000 m

h 1 km h . km h

Convert m/h to m/s

1000 m 1 h 1000 m . h 1000 m

h 3600 s 3600 h . s 3600 s

x = =

x = = 0.2777... m/s=

CONVERSION FACTORS

Conversion of Length

Find the correct conversion number (Conversion Charts)

Then multiply by that number

Example: Convert 3 feet into meters.

1 feet = 0.30 m

3 ft = 3 0.30 m = 0.9 m

CONVERSION FACTORS


Find the correct conversion number (Conversion Charts)

Then multiply by that number

Example: Convert 5 kilometers into miles.

1 kilometers = 0.62 mile

5 0.62 = 3.1 miles

5 km = 3.1 miles

CONVERSION FACTORS

Conversion of Area

A = L x W

convert once for the length and once again for the width.

Example: Convert 1 square yard into square feet.

1 yd = 3 ft

Result is 3 3 = 9

CONVERSION FACTORS

Conversion of Volume

V = L x W x H

convert once for the length and once again for the width and once more for the height.

CONVERSION FACTORS


Example : Convert 1 cubic yard into cubic feet.

1 yd = 3 ft

3 3 3 = 27.

There are 27 cubic feet

in a cubic yard.

CONVERSION FACTORS


Example : Convert 30 cubic feet into cubic meters (30 ft3 to m3)

1 ft = 0.30 m

30 0.30 0.30 0.30= 0.81

So, 30 ft3 = 0.85 m3


CONVERSION TABLE

1 kilometer (km) = 0.62 mile (mi) 1 mile (mi) = 1.61 kilometer (km)

1 meter (m) = 1.09 yard (yd) 1 yard (yd) = 0.91 meter (m)

1 meter (m) = 3.28 feet (ft) 1 feet (ft) = 0.30 meter (m)

1 centimeter (cm) = 0.39 inch (in) 1 inch (in) = 2.54 centimeter (cm)

1 liter (L) = 0.26 gallon (gal) 1 gallon (gal) = 3.79 liter (L)

1 liter (L) = 1.06 quart (qt) 1 quart (qt) = 0.95 liter (L)

1 kilogram (kg) = 2.20 pound (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 0.45 kilogram (kg)

1 gram (g) = 0.035 ounce (oz) 1 ounce (oz) = 28.35 gram (g)

CONVERSION TABLE

Length Time Volume

12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft)60 seconds (sec) = 1

minute (min)

1 teaspoon = 4.9

milliliters

3 feet (ft) = 1 yard (yd)60 minutes (min) = 1

hour (hr)1 cup = 237 milliliters

5,280 feet (ft) = 1 mile (mi) 24 hours (hr) = 1 day 1 pint = 473 milliliters

Weight 7 days = 1 week 1 quart = 0.9 liters

16 ounces (oz) = 1 pound

(lb)52 weeks = 1 year 1 gallon = 3.79 liters

2,000 pounds (lb) = 1 ton

TRY IT OUT!

48 in = ______ ft6 qt = ______ gal5 hr = ______ sec3,000 lb = ______ ton1320 ft = ______ mile525 m = ______km1500 mm = ______m69 cm = _______m0.25 km = ______ cmEmma is 66 inches tall. How tall is she in feet?A mouse weighs 1.3 oz. How much does it weight

in pounds?

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2. Scientific Measurement