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CASE #: 2

TOPIC: History of the Philippine Constitution

G.R. No. 104768. July 21, 2003

TITLE: REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES, vs. SANDIGANBAYAN

NATURE OF ACTION: Reie! on Certior"ri

FACTS:

1. Following t! s"##!ss$"l EDSA R!vol"tion, t!n P%!si&!nt Co%'(on C. A)"ino iss"!& E*!#"tiv!

O%&!% No. 1 +EO No. 1- #%!'ting t! P%!si&!nti'l Coission on Goo& Gov!%n!nt +PCGG-./. T! PCGG, t%o"g its t!n C'i%'n 0ovito R. S'long', #%!'t!& 'n AFP AntiG%'$t Bo'%& +AFP

Bo'%&- t's2!& to inv!stig't! %!3o%ts o$ "n!*3l'in!& w!'lt 'n& #o%%"3t 3%'#ti#!s 45 AFP3!%sonn!l, w!t!% in t! '#tiv! s!%vi#! o% %!ti%!&.

6. AFP Bo'%& inv!stig't!& v'%io"s %!3o%ts o$ 'll!g!& "n!*3l'in!& w!'lt o$ %!s3on&!nt 7'8o% G!n!%'l

0os!3"s 9. R''s +R''s-.:. On /; 0"l5 1

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The S"n&i'"n5"y"n &is%isse& the A%en&e& Co%pl"int on the follo!in' 'roun&s:

@)$ The "/tions t"1en 5y the PC(( "re not in "//or&"n/e !ith the rulin's of the Supre%e Court in

Cru- 3r$ $ S"n&i'"n5"y"n "n& Repu5li/ $ 0i'rino !hi/h inole the s"%e issues$@2$ No preious in6uiry si%il"r to preli%in"ry inesti'"tions in /ri%in"l /"ses !"s /on&u/te&

"'"inst R"%"s "n& .i%""no$@>$ The ei&en/e "&&u/e& "'"inst R"%"s &oes not /onstitute " pri%" f"/ie /"se "'"inst hi%$

@B$ There !"s "n ille'"l se"r/h "n& seiure of the ite%s /onfis/"te&

Side o !"e Re#$o%de%!&A$$ell'%!:

)$ The properties /onfis/"te& fro% .i%""nos house "s ille'"lly seie& "n& therefore in"&%issi5le inei&en/e$

Side o !"e (e!i!io%e)&A$$ellee:

Petitioner /l"i%s th"t the S"n&i'"n5"y"n erre& in &e/l"rin' the properties /onfis/"te& fro% .i%""nos house"s ille'"lly seie& "n& therefore in"&%issi5le in ei&en/e$

)$ Petitioner "r'ues th"t " reolution"ry 'oern%ent !"s oper"tie "t th"t ti%e 5y irtue ofPro/l"%"tion No$ ) "nnoun/in' th"t Presi&ent A6uino "n& 8i/e Presi&ent L"urel !ere t"1in' po!er

in the n"%e "n& 5y the !ill of the Filipino people$ Petitioner "sserts th"t the reolution"ry

'oern%ent effe/tiely !ithhel& the oper"tion of the )*4> Constitution !hi/h 'u"r"ntee& pri"te

respon&ents e/lusion"ry ri'ht$

Note: The r"i&in' te"% /on&u/te& the se"r/h "n& seiure on 0"r/h >- )*+, or fie &"ys

"fter the su//essful E.SA reolution$

2$ Petitioner "r'ues th"t the e/lusion"ry ri'ht "risin' fro% "n ille'"l se"r/h "pplies only 5e'innin' 2

Fe5ru"ry )*+4- the &"te of r"tifi/"tion of the )*+4 Constitution$ Petitioner /onten&s th"t "ll ri'hts

un&er the Dill of Ri'hts h"& "lre"&y reerte& to its e%5ryoni/ st"'e "t the ti%e of the se"r/h$

Therefore- the 'oern%ent %"y /onfis/"te the %onies "n& ite%s t"1en fro% .i%""no "n& use the

s"%e in ei&en/e "'"inst her sin/e "t the ti%e of their seiure- pri"te respon&ents &i& not en4* or the Anti

(r"ft "n& Corrupt Pr"/ti/es A/t "n& RA )>4*- "s "%en&e&- other!ise 1no!n "s The A/t for the

Forfeiture of Unl"!fully A/6uire& Property$2$ ON S"n&i'"n5"y"n erre& in &is%issin' the /"se 5efore /o%pletion of the present"tion of

petitioner=s ei&en/e$

On R!vol"tion'%5 Gov!%n!nts

6. ON t! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt w's 4o"n& 45 t! Bill o$ Rigts o$ t! 1

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)$ NO$ The PC((- throu'h the AFP Do"r&- /"n only inesti'"te the unepl"ine& !e"lth "n& /orrupt

pr"/ti/es of AFP personnel !ho f"ll un&er either of the t!o /"te'ories %entione& in Se/tion 2 of

EO No$ )$ These "re:1- A( $e)#o%%el /"o "'e 'uul'!ed illo!!e% /e'l!" du)i% !"e 'di%i#!)'!io%

o o)e) ()e#ide%! 5')o# y ei% !"e l'!!e)# iedi'!e 'ily, )el'!ie,

#uo)di%'!e o) lo#e '##oi'!e, !'i% u%due 'd'%!'e o !"ei) $uli oie o)

u#i% !"ei) $o/e)#, i%lue%e or@2 AFP personnel inole& in other /"ses of 'r"ft "n& /orruption proi&e& the Presi&ent

"ssi'ns their /"ses to the PC(($

Sin/e R"%"s &oes not f"ll on the l"tter /"te'ory- PC(( h"s the 5ur&en of proin' th"t R"%"s !"s

" su5or&in"te of 0"r/os- !hi/h it ulti%"tely f"ile& to &o$

2$ NO$ S"n&i'"n5"y"n '"e petitioner "%ple ti%e to present its pie/es of ei&en/e "n& 5y its o!n !ill

"n& un&oin' h"e f"ile& to &o so %ultiple ti%es$

6. NO. Bill o$ Rigts "n&!% t! 1$ D"%ing t! int!%%!gn", t! gov!%n!nt in 3ow!% w's #on#!&!&l5 ' %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt4o"n& 45 no #onstit"tion. No on! #o"l& v'li&l5 )"!stion t! s!)"!st%'tion o%&!%s 's viol'tiv! o$ t!Bill o$ Rigts 4!#'"s! t!%! w's no Bill o$ Rigts &"%ing t! int!%%!gn". D"%ing tis ti!, ' 3!%son#o"l& not invo2! 'n5 !*#l"sion'%5 %igt "n&!% ' Bill o$ Rigts 4!#'"s! t!%! w's n!it!% '#onstit"tion no% ' Bill o$ Rigts &"%ing t! int!%%!gn". It is wi&!l5 2nown t't 7%s. A)"inos %is! tot! 3%!si&!n#5 w's not &"! to #onstit"tion'l 3%o#!ss!s in $'#t, it w's '#i!v!& in viol'tion o$ t!

3%ovisions o$ t! 1

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:. T! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt, after installing itself as the de jure government, assumed

responsibility for the States good faith compliance with the Covenant to which the

Philippines is a signatory.Article 2(! of the Covenant re"uires each signatory State #to

respect and to ensure to all individuals within its territory and subject to its jurisdiction the

rights recogni$ed in the present Covenant. Un&!% A%ti#l! 1;+1- o$ t! Cov!n'nt, t!

%!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt '& t! &"t5 to ins"%! t't no on! s'll 4! s"48!#t!& to '%4it%'%5 o%

"nl'w$"l int!%$!%!n#! wit is 3%iv'#5, $'il5, o! o% #o%%!s3on&!n#!.

T! D!#l'%'tion, to wi# t! Pili33in!s is 'lso ' sign'to%5, provides in its Article %(2! that

#&n'o one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his property#Alto"g t! sign'to%i!s to t!

D!#l'%'tion &i& not int!n& it 's ' l!g'll5 4in&ing &o#"!nt, 4!ing onl5 ' &!#l'%'tion, t! Co"%t 's

int!%3%!t!& t! D!#l'%'tion 's 3'%t o$ t! g!n!%'ll5 '##!3t!& 3%in#i3l!s o$ int!%n'tion'l l'w 'n&

4in&ing on t! St't!. T"s, t! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt w's 'lso o4lig't!& "n&!% int!%n'tion'l

l'w to o4s!%v! t! %igts o$ in&ivi&"'ls "n&!% t! D!#l'%'tion.

. D"%ing t! int!%%!gn" w!n no #onstit"tion o% Bill o$ Rigts !*ist!&, &i%!#tiv!s 'n& o%&!%s iss"!&45 gov!%n!nt o$$i#!%s w!%! v'li& so long 's t!s! o$$i#!%s &i& not !*#!!& t! '"to%it5 g%'nt!&t! 45 t! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt. T! &i%!#tiv!s 'n& o%&!%s so"l& not 'v! 'lso viol't!& t!Cov!n'nt o% t! D!#l'%'tion. In tis #'s!, t! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt 3%!s"3tiv!l5 s'n#tion!&

t! w'%%'nt sin#! t! %!vol"tion'%5 gov!%n!nt &i& not %!3"&i't! it. )he warrant, issued by ajudge upon proper application, specified the items to be searched and sei$edT! w'%%'nt ist"s v'li& wit %!s3!#t to t! it!s s3!#i$i#'ll5 &!s#%i4!& in t! w'%%'nt. How!v!%, t!Const'4"l'%5 %'i&ing t!' s!i(!& it!s not in#l"&!& in t! w'%%'nt.

DIS(>SI?I>N: Di#i##ed

D>=?RIN*: The .e/l"r"tion "s p"rt of /usto%"ry intern"tion"l l"!- "n& th"t Filipinos "s hu%"n 5ein's "re

proper su5

Constitution$ A# !"e de