2. pharmacist in PH1-4.ppt

7/23/2019 2. pharmacist in PH1-4.ppt

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Pharmacy in Public Health


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Defnition o Public Health1


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Defnition o Pubic Health2

3. Beaglehole R. Public Health at the Crossroads: Achievements and Prospects,2nded. West Nyack, NY:

Cambridge University ress! 2""#.


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Defnition o Public Health3

#. Yo$ng, %&. Population Health: Concepts and Methods. Ne' York, NY: ()*ord University ress! +-.


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The role o pharmacy

in public healthincludes: 1) Access to

medications 2) Assurin sae ! e"ecti#emedications

3) $aelyusin%discardin medications

&'A(P&


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*iure 1+2 Health and the natural history odisease


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Defnitions

Health promotion ,ccurs -hile indi#iduals are healthy to impro#e o#erallhealth. reduce ris/s. and increase resistance ie0posed+ These acti#ities oten taret entirepopulations

Exposure/risk factors *actors that increase the ris/ o a disease de#elopin

in a person or population

Disease prevention elated to e0posure and ris/ actors Acti#ities ocus

on pre#ention o a specifc disease and taretpopulations -ill consist o atris/ indi#iduals+


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*iure 1+3 Health $creenin at Health *air


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Population

(ay reer to the number o residentso a specifc eoraphic area orpolitical di#ision 4e++ state or city)

(ay reer to indi#iduals -ho sharecommon characteristics 4e++ o#erae 56)

(ay reer to residents in the ser#icearea o a clinic or hospital


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*iure 1+7 $in ad#ertisin -omen8s healthair


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Table 1+1 Public Health #ersus 9linicalPre#ention and Treatment


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&pidemioloy and $tatistics

&pidemioloy

/ Describes patterns o health and disease in apopulation

/ epresents the basic science o public health $tatistics

/ sed to summari;e data related to apopulation

/ sed to compare roups to identiy actorspromotin health or pre#entin disease


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&n#ironment and the&coloical Approach

9onsider the aspects o the en#ironmente0ternal to an indi#idual that a"ect health

/ &++ contaminated oods. accidents

&coloical approachthe relationship othe indi#idual -ith their en#ironment

/


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esponsibility or PublicHealth

=o#ernment has a critical role inassurin the health o populations

Health care proessionals ha#e aspecial responsibility or public healthbased on their e0pertise in health

9ommunity members ha#e a

responsibility to assure their li#inconditions are as healthy as possible


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&0panded oles orPharmacy in Public Health

Pharmacists ha#e responsibilities in publichealth related to:

/ (edications and their use

&'A(P&: access to medications -hen there is no 27hour pharmacy in the community

/ Abo#e a#erae /no-lede and trainin in health

&'A(P&: nderstandin o ho- >uoridation o -atersupplies can reduce ca#ities

/ esidents o the community

&'A(P&: because they li#e in the community they/no- that there are lots o stray dos around


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Pharmacist in Public Health

Disease and other public healthproblems oten cross borders

?eed to share inormation and coordinate

responses (ost inter#entions are local. but impact

can be lobal

The public health system has ro-n asits unctions ha#e e0panded Public and pri#ate orani;ations are in#ol#ed at

all le#els

9 $ d i


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9ase: $pread o


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=lobal Public Health $ystem

Figure 3.5, pg 56


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*unctions o H, rovide leadershi0 on im0ortant health matters

artner 'ith other 0$blic or 0rivate organi1ations as needed

ha0e the research agenda and ens$re ne' kno'ledge is disseminated

evelo0 standards and set norms and monitor im0lementation

romote 0olicy o0tions that are ethical and evidence4based.

rovide technical s$00ort and e)0ertise

5onitor and assess the trends in health

romote change and s$00ort the develo0ment o* its o'n s$stainable

instit$tional ca0acity

(Table 3.2, pg 53. Source WHO, International. The Role of WHO in ublic Health.!

Ph l i P bli


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Pharmacy oles in PublicHealthAt the local or state level

Be a'are o* health boards and task *orces

Become involved in ed$cation and a'areness 0rograms

Re0ort $n$s$al sales vol$mes *or medications or 0atient com0laints

Be an advocate *or local citi1ens and kee0 eyes o0en *or iss$es

At the federal level

artici0ate on task *orces 'ithin 0ro*essional organi1ations

erve on revie' 0anels or government committees

Use national vol$ntary re0orting systems

At the international level

artici0ate in vol$ntary medical and h$manitarian aid

Raise a'areness *or international travelers o* risks and 0revention

onate money or s$00lies


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a- in Public Health

Public health di"ers rom pharmacypractice in that it can enorce beha#iors#ia la-

Public health la-s address a #ariety oissues related to determinants o healthand health ris/s


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$ource o Authority

$tates ha#e Bpolice po-erC $tate o#ernment has po-er to act on behalo its citi;ens to protect or beneft them

nless that po-er is e0plicitly i#en to the ederalo#ernment

$tate authority reiterated in the 1thAmendment Police po-er may be deleated to local

o#ernments

Police po-er i#es states the ability to

create and enorce la-s that restrict ormandate beha#iors

This leads to a constant e"ort to ensurela-s are not unduly restricti#e o indi#idual

reedom


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Areas o Public Health a- 9hane beha#ior

(odiyin hihris/ beha#iors e@uirin beha#iors

Prohibitin beha#iors

eulate products or ser#ices icensure

(anuacturin

Distribution and ad#ertisin

Protect #ulnerable populations or places Access to ser#ices includin healthcare

9lean and sae en#ironment

Human rihts protection


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*aulty Products

There are many -ays a product cancause harm:

*ails to -or/ 4ine"ecti#e. subtherapeutic.

alse claims) 9auses harm 4unsae inredients. tampered)


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0amp e: nsa einredients

1E3F &li0ir $ulanilamide

traedy $ituation:

?o leal re@uirement to list inacti#einredients on label

?eeded a li@uid orm o ne- sulaantibiotic or children

Problem: D&= used as diluent G it is to0ic+

,#er 1 people. mostly childrendie

esolution: *ederal *ood. Dru !9osmetics Act

o 1E3

hoto so$rce U.. 67, Center *or r$g 8val$ation and Research

&0ample: ?o &Icacy


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&0ample: ?o &Icacy$tandards

1E6s &uropean Thalidomide Traedy

$ituation: Product appro#ed in &urope under re#ie- in +$+

/ Appro#al delayed because o neuroloical studiesresults

Joluntary standards or ne- products

Problem:Teratoenic e"ects appear in &urope

?eed more strinent re@uirements

or ne- product appro#al

esolution: 1E52 Keau#erHarris Dru Amendment


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Distribution eulations


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nsae se

nsuper#ised use o potentmedications

(edication errors

Abuse o clinically used medications


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$ummary Public health is ocused on the health o

populations Promotin better health and pre#entin a#oidable causes

o disease or early death

&pidemioloy and statistics are the tools o

public health The ecoloical approach is broad and considers

all actors associated -ith health

esponsibility or public health is sharedbet-een o#ernment. health proessionals.and community members


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$ummary

Lecause disease can cross borders. publichealth systems need to collaborate acrossborders

Public health systems e0ist at local. state.

tribal. national. and international le#els Loth pri#ate and public orani;ations included


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$ummary Police po-er allo-s state and local

o#ernments to pass la-s that supportpublic health e"orts

(ost pharmacy la-s ha#e their oriins

as a response to a public health issue ,ld problems are reemerin -ith the

ad#ent o technoloy. lobal trade. and

-ill re@uire ne- or amended la-s toaddress them

Documents

2. pharmacist in PH1-4.ppt