2. Ergonomics.ppt

7/31/2019 2. Ergonomics.ppt

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Safety Module: Industrial hazard, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007

Ergonomics


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Body dimension, weight,

Reach envelop, strength and movement

envelop Treats human body as series of levers and

fulcrums.

What is ergonomics ?


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The spine is well sprung with resilientdiscs between the vertebrae and luckily,

too.

Otherwise, just one ordinary step would

result in a minor concussion. Thesacrum and coccyx cannot move but the

24 other vertebrae are connected by

moveable joints.

Together they make a very elastic

construction


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A wrong working posture, especially if you bend forwardtoo much, will produce an uneven pressure on the discs.When the discs are "squeezed" out of shape, the

surrounding tissue will compress or stretch. If thepressure becomes excessive, you may end up with aslipped disc. The outer ring of the disc will rupture sothat the soft core will be squeezed out and press on the

nerves.


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Repeated use over time of vibrating tools and

equipment, such as a jackhammer; Tools and tasks which require twisting hand or

joint movements, such as the work manymechanics perform;

Applying force in an awkward position; Applying excessive pressure on parts of the hand,

back, wrists or joints;

Working with the arms outstretched or over the

head;

Working with a bent back;

Lifting or pushing heavy loads.

What can cause injuries ?


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Manual material handling (37%)

Repetitive strain injuries (30%)

Posture (14%) Improper lighting (14%)

Visual display units (VDU)-3%

Other (2%)

Ergonomics injury groups


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Sprains and strains (50%)

Broken skin or bone (30%)

Inflammation of joints (3%)

Chemical burns (2%) Other (15%)

Types of injury

Note: Maximum number of injuries are caused due

to ergonomic concerns at work place!


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Principles Of Ergonomics (Heavy Physical Work)

Other ergonomic recommendations include:

Reducing the weight of the load;

Making the load easier to handle;Using storage techniques to make handling easier;

Minimizing the distance a load must be carried;

Minimizing the number of lifts; and

Minimizing twisting of the body.


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Principles of Ergonomics (Job Design)

Well designed jobs consider the workers mental and

physical characteristics as well as health and safetyconditions.

Job design determines whether the work is varied orrepetitive, whether it allows the worker to becomfortable or forces him or her in to awkward position,

and whether it involves interesting / stimulating tasksor boring / monotonous ones.

There are a number of ergonomic factors that should beconsidered when designing or redesigning jobs, suchas :

the type of tasks,

how they need to be accomplished,

the type of equipment that is needed to complete the tasks.


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Principles of Ergonomics (Job Design)

A well designed job should allow:

A worker to vary the body position; It should include a variety of interesting tasks; Give the worker some decision making authority;

Provide a sense of accomplishment; Include training for new job tasks; Provide adequate work / rest schedules; And allow an adjustment period for new job tasks.


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As with the shorter than average individual, this has to havesome effect. Though the degree of back pain, fatigue oraggravated tension experienced will vary, it will cause discomfort.

In fact, backache is the third most widespread illness in ourpopulation.

The proper method of adjusting achair for sitting comfort is to standfacing the chair and adjust it to aheight just below the kneecaps.Then when you sit back in thechair your thighs will be parallel tothe floor and your weight evenlydistributed across the chair. Whilethere are a regrettable number ofchairs still being made with highand prominent arms that preventthe user from sitting properly

positioned at his or her desk, thetrend is towards chairs withrecessed or sloping arms that donot cause this obstruction. Suchchairs, of course, are highlyrecommended.


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THE STUDY REVEALS THAT A NOMINAL5% IMPROVEMENT IN PRODUCTIVITYWAS ACHIEVABLE USING ERGONOMICSENHANCEMENTS AND IMPROVED WORKGROUP LAYOUT .

IT HELPS IN REDUCING STAFF

OVERALL SALARY BURDEN ALSOREDUCES

BETTER SPACE UTILISATION

IMPROVED QUALITY OF LIFE , IMPROVED

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2. Ergonomics.ppt