2 & 3 December 2014Do Now:• Progress Reports turned in to the paperwork tray (bottom)• Assignments turned in (if needed)• Notebook and textbook on desk open to the next clean page

(notebook) and page 34 (our textbook)• REVIEW the Vocabulary (the ones we haven’t been tested

on)

• Computer and online access at home? I will explain

Announcements…(12/2)I will be here after school today until 4:00

so you can come in and redo/correct tests and do missing work as well as get help on work (not on tests/quizzes! )…

Progress Reports are due back BY this Friday, December 5th !!

Quiz on Thursday – other 11 words of chapter 2…◦extensive barter epidemic◦ lucrative extinction immunity◦Northwest Passage intrusion predominant◦Continental Divide subsidiary

Announcements…(12/3)Progress Reports are due back BY

this Friday, December 5th !!Quiz on Friday – other 11 words of

chapter 2…◦ extensive barter

epidemic◦ lucrative extinction

immunity◦ Northwest Passage intrusion

predominant◦ Continental Divide subsidiary

PhonesSWIFT/Classroom website…

update…

Chapter 2 - Early Encounters: Two Worlds Meet

Essential Question:◦What brought explorers and settlers

to the Pacific Northwest and how did their arrival affect native cultures?

Prior to European Contact…

Natives of the Pacific Northwest The Coastal People

◦ During the 2,000 years before contact with white explorers, natives of the Northwest Coast (from California to Alaska) created a unique and rich culture.

◦ Coastal people depended on the ocean, rivers, and plant life for shelter, clothing and transportation. Marine economy Mild marine climate – life was less harsh

◦ Lived in homes of cedar◦ The basic social unit was the extended family

Climate & natural resources provided opportunities for these tribes to focus on cultural arts as well as ceremonies during the winter months

◦ Wealth was important to social ranking◦ A wealthy family might own more canoes, tools,

weapons, and animal skins. They also had slaves.

SalishSalish-speaking people were the

largest group of Indians on the coast

Occupied all of Puget Sound and most of western Washington

Map on page 36…

ChinookLived along the Columbia RiverMiddlemen in the vast network of Indian tradeDeveloped a language called “Chinook Jargon”

to make trade and communication easier◦ Was necessary because all of the tribes had their

own language◦ Spoken language understood by dozens of tribes in

a large area of western North America\◦ American Indians were speaking this language

when white settlers arrived in the area◦ Contained about 500 words◦ Was the language used in treaties between Indian

tribes and the U.S. gov’t in the 1850s

Crafts were developed by native groups along the coast …weaving baskets to carry things and for storage as well as shells, necklaces that were also used as currency.

MakahLived on the very tip of the Olympic

Peninsula – related to the Nootka that lived on Vancouver Island (does that make sense when you look at the map on page 31?)

This group and a few nearby tribes hunted and harvested gray whales as they migrated along the coast.◦Hunted in cedar canoes◦Ceremonial rituals done to prepare for the

whale hunt

Homes (and other things) made of cedar…Red cedar was the basic building material

of Coastal Indians for homes, furniture, tools, and other things (including clothes).◦Easily split◦Used for longhouses for the various tribes of

the coastal groups◦Longhouses – long dwellings where many

people lived made from red cedar Overlapping cedar planks (today?) Planks/shavings covered dirt floors Several related families lived in one longhouse

(facing the sea)

Family, Wealth, and SlavesExtended family was the social unitWealth was important in social rankingGroup leaders were mostly wealthy and

as wealth increased, a person was able to move up the social ladder

Groups and councils governed – no single person

Slaves – usually women and children stolen from other groups; lived in houses with the family and did the hard work.

Natives of the Pacific Northwest (2) Plateau People

◦ Divided into two main language groups◦ The Salish-speaking tribes of the northern plateau:

The Spokane, Kalispel, Coeur d’Alene, Colville, Okanagon, Columbia, and Wenatchee

◦ Tribes of the southern plateau: The Nez Perce, Yakama, Palouse, Klickitat, Kittitas, Umatilla, and

Wanapum

Hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters influenced how the people of the plateau lived ◦ Migrating with the seasons

Winter villages that were stable in pit/tule homes Food gathering trips for months living in teepees (tipis)

◦ Clothing and shelters changing with the seasons Columbia River system

◦ Major transportation route through the region◦ Very important as a source of food

Gender Roles & EqualityMen and women had defined roles, but there

was a great deal of equality between them. Helped to maintain balance in the tribe Women

Food gathering and preparation Made clothes and cared for the children In some tribes had greater authority than men

Men Provided food; made tools & weapons Built houses; went to war if necessary

Marriage ◦Women free to reject proposals; could even

propose marriage in some tribes

Trade connections Major camas-gathering fields became

trading areas along with major fishing sites.Goods exchanged

◦Ritual gifts◦Bartered for other goods◦Won/lost through gambling

Extensive trading activities between Chinook and Plateau tribes at the Dalles – became one of the most important inter-cultural trading sites in North America

Trade enriched lives but also spread deadly germs.

Horses and their impact… Horses were brought to Mexico by the Spanish explorers

and made their way to most Plateau tribes by 1750◦ By 1700 – horses among the Shoshoni in Idaho◦ Cayuse ppl brought horses to the Plateau – most tribes had a

few by 1750◦ Nez Perce & Cayuse – large herds of horses with extensive

grazing lands◦ Little need for horses in the Coastal tribal areas but there were

a few Horses made traveling, gathering, and hunting much

easier Greed for horses increased the scale of violence

◦ Became spoils of war; stealing them became a test of bravery◦ Shoshoni regularly raided for horses and slaves◦ Oregon Klamath people were fierce traders for both also

To Do…Study your vocabulary for the

quizRead chapter 2