2 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Next Generation Optical Networking Peter Tomsu Senior Consultant EMEA Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 333 Agenda Demands and Scalable Services Service POP Metro Solutions Core Solutions Optical Control Planes Management Summary 4 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Demands and Scalable Services Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 555 IP+Optical Combining All the Elements IP Platforms Adding DWDM/fiberinterfacesto IP platforms Unified Control Plane Bringing IP intelligence to optical networks through Optical Platforms Adding Packet Technologyto optical platforms Network Management Integrating IP and Optical elements into a common framework IP + Optical Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 666 IP+Optical Architectural Overview Service PoP Metro Network Connects Customers to Services Core Network Interconnects PoPs Core Network Interconnects PoPs Physical Rings Logically Hub and Spoke Fragmented Market Rapid Change Physical Point-to-Point Logically Peered Established Market Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 777 The Internet Economy Internet changing every business relationship Requires seamless extension of internet applications throughout and beyond the enterprise Reduces costs to enable next generation economics 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc. Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 888 Pre Internet Traffic Patterns Most service requests satisfied within building or campus Only 20% left campus like, file transfer, Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 999 Internet Traffic Patterns Today 80% of traffic stays within metro areas 20% of traffic moves between metro areas Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 Evolution of Interconnect Service PoP ASP/SSP Caching Video Servers Local Content Distributed Load Balancing Service PoP Metro Network Core Network Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 Issues in the Metro Network Connecting users to IP-based services Reducing cost of per-user provisioning Service velocity (turning up connections quickly) Addressing last mile limitations Ensuring standards Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 Issues in the Core Network Meeting Internet demand for high-capacity circuits (especially 2.5 and 10Gbps) Service velocity (turning up b/w quickly) How to switch DWDM- scale traffic volumes Cost of switching Ensuring standards Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 Data Center Content Aggregation Private and Public Peering Private and Public Peering Tier 1/2/3 Data Center Backbone Exodus, Abovenet, Digex, Concentric, AOL, Qwest, Level 3, UUNET Transit Data Center Content Aggregation Content Aggregation Peering Data Center Content Aggregation Content Aggregation Transit Content Aggregation Portal Companies Such as Yahoo, Geocities, LYCOS, Excite, Hotmail, Amazon, Ebay, AOL, DOT-COM Companies Internet Service Provider Overview Peering Tier 1 Transit Backbone UUNET, Cable and Wireless, Sprint, Global Crossing, Qwest, Level 3, PAIX, Pacific Bell, NAPs 14 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Service POP Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 DWDM for POP Interconnects DWDM IP Edge AggregationIP CoreOptical Core OC-48c/STM-16cOC-192c/STM-64c Customer Aggregation T1 DS3 E1 E3 OC-3/STM-1 OC-12c/STM-4c GigE FastE Typical over- Subscription Rate Access to Uplink 1:1 for OC-3/STM-1 3:1 for DS3/DS1 Basic POP Design Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 Transport Network 2.5G10G POS Links POINT OF POLICY OC-3/12c/48c POS (STM-1/4c/16c) POP Configuration Using POS Internet Backbone Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 Ethernet Intra-POP GE/FE Links OC-48c/STM-16c POS Gigabit Ethernet Fast Ethernet Links OC-48c/STM-16c POS Internet Backbone Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 Ethernet Data Center Intra-POP OC-48c/STM-16c Fast Ethernet Links Servers Gigabit Ethernet Links Internet Backbone Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 Internet Backbone OC-48c DPT Super POP High Density/Speed Access Edge Routers PoS/ATM/DS3/GigE to Customer Sites Another POP Design OC-192c POS Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 Peer ISP EBGP Transit ISP EBGP BGP Customer ( Usually for dual-homing) EBGP Transit Peer Transit Cust X EBGP Cust Y Peer with Tier 1 ISPs at Each POP iBGP on All Routers OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS (STM-1/4c/16c/64c) OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS (STM-1/4c/16c/64c) IBGP Peers Route Reflector Routing Protocol Relationships Static Route Backbone (OSPF or ISIS and IBGP) 21 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Metro Solutions Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 Roles of the Metro Network and Service PoP User to service delivery Packets dominate Many technologies and topologies Upstream aggregation IP and application aware Increasing intelligence and applications Content rich service delivery Forward traffic where appropriate Metro Network Service PoP Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 Metro Access Solutions No single optimal aggregation method in metro space SONET / SDH infrastructure IP based delivery via Ethernet or DPT Leverage existing investment with integrating IP + ATM Goal is to combine them in most efficient way in SPOP by enabling IP control of these infrastructures Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 Traditional Metro TDM Infrastructure Internet Era OC-48/STM-16 OC-12/STM-4 OC-3/STM-1 Backbone Ring Business Ring Metropolitan Ring 3/3/1 or 4/3/1 Digital Cross Connect Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 New Metro Infrastructure GSR Regional Metro/IP GSR Metro/IP Access 11 11 22 22 33 44 44 33 11 11 22 22 44 44 DWDM Backbone Network OC-3/12/48/192 STM-1/4/16/48 Metropolitan Ring OC-3/12/48/192 STM-1/4/16/48 Business Ring Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 Business Ring Metropolitan Ring 3/3/1 Digital Cross Connect Backbone Ring OC-48 OC-12 OC-3 OC-12 OC-3 OC-48 11 11 22 22 33 44 44 33 11 11 22 22 44 44 Metro Network Solutions Metro DWDM Rapid service creation and deployment Scalable bandwidth growth Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 Purpose Built DWDM 3 Key Missions on Demand Low-cost OC48 POS, GigE High bandwidth services Extended Services Platform Storage networking Multiple GE delivery Data center interconnect/enterprise Next-Generation Optical Transport Service density + DWDM Plug and play multi-service Low bandwidth services Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 IP+Optical Metro Evolution Legacy SONET/SDH Era Next Gen SONET/SDH Ethernet Evolution IP+Optical Technology Integration Services Optimization 29 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Core Solutions Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 Roles of the Service PoP and Core Network Muxes packets onto s IP and application aware Software and electronics Service delivery Switches s Packet dumb Minimizes $/bit Physics intensive Core Network Service PoP Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 Modern Lightwave Eras Fiberization Digitization SONET Rings and DWDM Linear Systems Optical Networking Wavelength Switching Research Systems Commercial Systems Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 Prevailing SONET Ring Architecture Difficult to scale the network to DWDM capacities Complex synchronized upgrades Expensive, hardware-intensive ring interconnections Provisioning times measured in weeks/months Limited multi-vendor interoperability Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 DWDM Wavelengths as virtual fiber Increase capacity of existing plant Reduce regeneration expense Based primarily on physics, not networking IP SONET ATM IP SONET ATM Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 Intelligently Controlled Meshed Core Architectures End-to-End service provisioning with IP control Evolution of new control planes Future standards like MPLmS IP + Optical integration to maximize core networks potential Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 New Multiservice Networks Core network must be tuned for IP Must remember legacy environments and other data services Motto: Tune for IP, but deliver multiservice. Gives flexibility to handle everything Accommodate Multiple Clients and Multiple Services on an Optical DWDM Infrastructure SONET/SDH Client 3 SONET/SDH Client 3 ATM Client 2 IP Client 1 A A B B E E D D C C A A C C D D A A E E C C D D B B A A D D B B C C Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 36 SDH SONET SERVICES IP ATM 10G to 40G Up to 1600 km SDH SONET SERVICES IP ATM 500 km Metro New Multiservice Networks ATM Client 2 IP Client 1 A A B B E E D D C C A A C C D D A A D D B B C C SONET/SDH Client 3 SONET/SDH Client 3 Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 37 IP+Optical Core Evolution Legacy SONET/SDH Era DWDM MP S IP+Optical Technology Integration 38 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Control Planes 39 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Control Planes Static Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 40 Static Wavelength Provisioning Logical connections provided through Wavelength Provisioning Can be mix of ring and point-to-point connections Networking features implemented in IP services layer Optical layer provides ONLY big dumb pipes Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 41 Optical Protection ITU defines 3 optical layers in G.872 Architecture for Optical Transport Networks Allows optical protection at 3 different layers UPSR . Unidirectional Path Switched Ring BLSR . Bidirectional Line Switched Ring 42 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Control Planes Overlay Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 43 Overlay Model Wavelength Routing Wavelength routing protocol only running on WLRs IP network does not participate in WLR process Interacts with OTN in client / server relationship OTN Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 44 Intelligent Optical Network Elements WLRs attached via multiple network ports to DWDM terminals WLRs can also have DWDM terminals integrated WLR drop ports connect WLRs to service layer equipment Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 45 WRC with control interface and OXC versus Single-Box Wavelength Router 1.IP routers attached to OXCs via Control Interface Control Interface Primitives: Connect, Disconnect, Switch, Alarm 2.Integrated IP routing functionality in OXC Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 46 Distributed Lightpath Routing Ensures very fast lightpath provisioning Each WLR maintains own information DB as well as set of algorithms Routing algorithm based on Link State Protocols 47 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Optical Control Planes Peer Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 48 IP - Optical Peer Transport Network Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 49 Network Element Standard Body RoutingSignalingAvailable Existing Control Planes Separate control planes exist for L1/2/3 Limited communication creates isolation Results in an overlay network model Source: John DrakeMPLS Conference 1999 None Proprietary Optical Cross-Connect Optical Cross-Connect ATM Forum ATM Forum ATM Switch ATM Switch PNNI MPLS IP-LSR MPLS IP-LSR IETF Constraint Based Constraint Based LDP/ RSVP LDP/ RSVP Future Deployed Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 50 UCP Protocols Standards Summary Drafts as of January 2001 Function MP S/GMPLS O-UNI G.ASON Routing Protocol Signaling Link Management, Verification, Neighbor Discovery, Etc. IGP TE Extensions RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions LMP N/A Model Standards Body Peer/Overlay Peer/IETF LMP Overlay to Peer OIF RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions N/A Central Control, IP/ATM/ SONET Clients Central Control, IP/ATM/ SONET Clients Overlay ITU-T Out-of-band Client UNI Peer Overlay Overlay Is a Subset of the Peer Model Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 51 Services Network and Service Management Unified Control Plane Internetworking Operating System Packet Labels/VPI VCI Packets/Cells Wavelength Routing DWDM Transport SONET/SDH Labels Unified Control Plane Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 52 Different Standards Efforts Peer and overlay models form a spectrum of control options Overlay is a subset of the peer model PeerOverlay MultiserviceIP T1X1 G.ason T1X1 G.ason OIF UNI OIF UNI IETF GMPLS IETF GMPLS Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 53 Review of ITU-T G-872 ITU-T recommendation G-872 Specifies an architecture for optical transport networks Optical Channel Layer (OCH) Optical Transmission Layer (OTS) Optical Multiplex Section Layer (OMS) Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 54 Clients: IP, ATM, TDM, etc. CCI NNI UNI OCC: Optical Connection Controller UNI: User Network Interface CCI: Connection Control Interface NNI: ASON control Node Interface IrDI : Inter Domain Interface User Signaling User Signaling IrDI_NNI IrDI ASON Control Plane Optical Transport Network ITU: T1X1 G.ASON Clients: IP, ATM, TDM, etc. OCC Switch Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 55 OIF Overlay with UNI PUB-UNI/NNI:Public UNI/NNI PRI-UNI/NNI:Private UNI/NNI ED:Client Edge Device CED:Carrier Edge Device DSI:Data Service Interface PRI-NNI PRI-UNI PUB-UNI PUB-NNI PUB-UNI 3rd Party Network DSI Optical Sub-Network ED CED ED Optical Sub-Network Optical Sub-Network Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 56 OXC Enhancements to Support GMPLS Control Plane Mechanism to exchange control information between OXCs and other LSRs OXC needs to provide GMPLS-TE with state information Non-WDM edge LSR needs to be able to exchange control information with OXCs in the domain Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 57 GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs Either separate or uniform control planes possible Uniform control plane canbe used for LSRs and OXCs Allows LSPs to span just routers or a combination of routers and OXCs MPLS Control Plane Routing Information Maintenance and Management Control Plane Interface to Data Plane Control Plane Interface to Data Plane Control Information Exchange with Neighbors Control Information Exchange with Neighbors OXC + WDM 1 MPLS Data Plane: WDM 1 LSR may have either built-in WDM, or external WDM Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 58 GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs OXCs must exchange control info 1.Preconfigured control wavelength between Each pair of OXCs OXC and router 2.Use a separate out-of-band IP network LSR1LSR2 WDM 1 n n n WDM 1 n n n Cross Connect Control Point CP-CP CP-DP CPControl Plane DPData Plane 1 WDM Could Be Either External or Built-in Control Point Cross Connect OT Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 59 Switching and Forwarding Hierarchies DS3 DS3 (T3) DWDM TDM Packet TDM Packet Packet Label Time Slot (As Implicit Label) Lambda (As Implicit Label) Light Path OXC Packet-Switch Capable (PSC) Time-Division-Multiplex Capable (TDM) Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC) Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC) Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 60 Signaling Protocols Resource reSerVation Protocol(RSVP) Constraint Routed Label Distribution Protocol (CR-LDP) Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 61 Multi-Layer Integration IP Routing and Signaling DWDM Upstream Node Downstream Node Default Operation Flows upstream labeled Cut-Through Switching Complete Flows Downstream Labeled L2/L3 L1 62 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Management Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 63 Depreciation 31% G&A 7% Sales and Marketing 13% Service Provider Cost Allocation OAM&P cost dominates most service providers budgets OAM&P 49% Source: ARMIS Reports and Probe Research, Inc. Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 64 Complex Network Management To provision a circuit, operators must coordinate changes across a wide variety of system types and protocols Process can take days Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 65 Forwarding Plane Unified Control Plane UCP ties together IP and Optical Networks, reducing provisioning time from weeks to seconds Control Plane Based on IP Routing IP ATM Optical UCP Enables: Increased Service Velocity for Faster Revenue Generation Reduced Operations Expenses UCP Enables: Increased Service Velocity for Faster Revenue Generation Reduced Operations Expenses Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 66 Generic OSS Structure Physical Network Technology Element Management Technology Customer Interface Management Processes Network and Systems Management Processes Customer Care Processes Service Development and Operations Processes Information Systems Management Processes Network Planning and Development Network Provisioning Service Planning and Development Service Configuration Sales Order Handling Fulfillment Network Inventory Management Network Maintenance and Restoration Service Problem Resolution Service Quality Management Problem Handling Customer QoS Management Assurance Network Data Management Rating and Discounting Invoicing/ Collections Billing Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 67 A-Z Provisioning OIF UNI Peer Model Multi-Domain A-Z Provisioning 2000 A-Z ProvisioningPoint-and-click per-domain provisioning for optical transport networks. OIF UNIProvisioning across optical transport and IP network elements Multi-Domain A-Z ProvisioningCombining phase I and II to provision IP and optical elements, across multiple domains Peer ModelBuilding unified IP+Optical management domains using tools and technologies that share GMPLS abstraction. Driving Network Intelligence Into the Network Unified Control Plane 68 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Summary Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 69 Service Provider Challenge Scaling the Internet Lowering costs Moving bits Incremental improvements Raising service velocity Differentiated services Moving packets intelligently Profitable economics Isnt Just AboutIts About Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 70 Service Provider Road to Profitability Profitability Revenue Value-Added Services Value-add service offerings Differentiated services Service velocity Cost Increased Operational Efficiencies Increased Operational Efficiencies Scale for growth Investment protection Broad range of platforms Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 71 The Promise of the Internet The integration of IP and optical technology will be the standard for tomorrows networks. It is the combination of the intelligence of IP networks with the near unlimited bandwidth of optical technology that will deliver on the promise of the Internet. Chris Nicoll, Vice President Current Analysis, Inc. Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 72 Service Provider Network Architecture DSL Fixed Wireless Frame Relay ATM Leased Lines Cable Ethernet SONET/SDH Long Haul DWDM VPNs QoS App Hosting Content Hosting Web Hosting Voice over Packet Packet Transport Packet Services: Metro Optical Transport SONET/SDH Ethernet/IP/Switches Metro IP DWDM Control Plane and Network Management Integration Core Network Interconnects PoPs Core Network Interconnects PoPs Metro Network Connects Customers to Services Access Service PoP Core Routing Edge Routing Grooming Service Adaptation and Packet Switching 73 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. OPT _05_2001_c1