2-1: The Thirteen Colonies and

the British Empire I, 1607-1754

Early English Settlements

Roanoke Island

1587—Sir Walter Raleigh

Outer Banks, NC

Lost Colony

Jamestown

Virginia Company

Joint-stock (shareholders)

Primary goal—profit

Early Problems

Search for gold

“Starving time”

John Smith and

agricultural base

Transition to Royal

Colony

Plymouth

Pilgrims (Separatists)

Mayflower Compact

Crude form of

government

Majority rule

William Bradford

Massachusetts Bay

Puritans

Escape from religious restrictions and economic

recession as part of “Great Migration”

Small villages surrounded by farmland

Close relationship between church and state

Harvard and Yale—training ministers

John Winthrop

“City Upon a Hill”

Strict code of morality

Early Political Institutions

Structure

Governor and upper house

Lower house

Examples

VA House of Burgesses

Mayflower Compact

New England Town

Meetings

Limitations

Chesapeake Colonies

Importance of Tobacco

Maryland

Settlement

Act of Toleration

Protestant Revolt

Labor Shortages

Indentured servants

Headright System

Slavery

Bacon’s Rebellion

Development of New England

Religious Intolerance (MA)

Anne Hutchinson

Banished for challenging

Puritan gender roles

Roger Williams

Advanced cause of religious

toleration

Advocated separation of

church and state

Founding of Rhode Island

and Connecticut

Most liberal, free colonies

Development of New England

New Hampshire

Establishment as royal colony

Halfway Covenant

Loosening of control of the

church

New England Confederation

Mutual military alliance

King Philip’s War

Dissolution