A) Most Muslims converted to Christianity.B) Muslims attacked and conquered Constantinople.C) Muslims defended Jerusalem because it was

sacred to them.D) Many Muslims visited Europe for the first time to

obtain luxury goods.

1. Which statement accurately describes the actions ofMuslims during the Crusades?

2. Base your answer to the following question on the statements below and on your knowledge of socialstudies.

. . . For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun nearly amillennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as representing theconstant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars say that is a more recent andinaccurate view of the Crusades. . . .

—Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR

The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never really were in the firstplace. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt to bring the fruits of Europeancivilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthypower was the Muslim world. Europe was the Third World. . . .

— Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the West and Middle East, NPR, AllThings Considered, August 17, 2004

A) has been neglected by expertsB) was of little importanceC) is the subject of debate and interpretationD) illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding

These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades

A) forcing the religious conversion of the Muslimpopulation

B) forcing the Turks to flee from ConstantinopleC) stimulating European demand for goods from

the EastD) increasing the power of the feudal lords

3. The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery ofthe New World by

A) rediscovery of classical Greek civilizationB) loss of the power of the Christian ChurchC) fall of the Roman EmpireD) rise of absolute monarchs

4. In western Europe during the early Middle Ages,education and the flourishing of culture declined as adirect result of the

5. Base your answer to the following question on the art work below and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) manorialism B) capitalism C) communism D) socialism

Which economic system is most closely associated with the activities shown in this art work?

6. Base your answer to the following question on theillustration below.

A) designed to promote political and economic equalityB) controlled by a powerful middle classC) intended to provide opportunities for social mobilityD) supported by the labor of the peasants

This illustration suggests that the European feudal systemwas

A) individualismB) absolutismC) religious salvationD) technological advancement

7. During the Renaissance, humanist philosophersemphasized the importance of

A) C A B D B) A B D CC) C B D A D) B A C D

8. Which set of historical periods in European history is inthe correct chronological order?

A. Medieval EuropeB. Italian RenaissanceC. Golden Age of GreeceD. Luther's 95 Theses

A) breakdown of social order during the bubonicplague

B) power of special courts during the InquisitionC) treatment of native peoples in Latin American

nationsD) outcome of the famine in Ireland in the 1890s

9. "Tedious were it to recount, how citizen avoided citizen,how among neighbors was scarce found any that shewedfellow-feeling for another, how kinsfolk held aloof, andnever met, or but rarely; enough that this sore afflictionentered so deep into the minds of men and women, thatin the horror thereof brother was forsaken by brother,nephew by uncle, brother by sister, and oftentimeshusband by wife; nay, what is more, and scarcely to bebelieved, fathers and mothers were found to abandontheir own children, untended, unvisited, to their fate, asif they had been strangers. . . ."— Giovanni Boccaccio, The Decameron

The author of this passage was describing the

A) increase in tradeB) colonization of the AmericasC) development of the manorial systemD) economic decline

10. What was one of the primary reasons for the spread ofthe bubonic plague?

A) defeated the Spanish ArmadaB) were unified as a nation under the PopeC) were unaffected by the Commercial RevolutionD) dominated key Mediterranean trade routes

11. One reason the Renaissance began in Italy was thatItalian city-states

A) China and southern AfricaB) the Atlantic Ocean and the Baltic SeaC) the Inca Empire and the Aztec EmpireD) Asia and eastern Europe

12. Constantinople was a thriving city in the 1200s mainlybecause of its location on a major trade route between

A) agriculture B) tradeC) manufacturing D) mining

13. Venice in Europe, Timbuktu in Africa, andConstantinople in the Byzantine Empire were importantduring the 13th century primarily as centers of

14. Base your answer to the following question on the mapbelow and on your knowledge of social studies.

A) centrally located on the Mediterranean SeaB) situated north of the AlpsC) unified by the Hanseatic LeagueD) located on the trade routes of the North Sea

One reason Italian city-states were able to dominate thetrade pattern shown on the map was that they were

A) Pope Urban II calling for the CrusadesB) King John signing the Magna CartaC) German cities establishing the Hanseatic LeagueD) Martin Luther posting the Ninety-five Theses

15. Which action led most directly to divisions inChristianity in western Europe?

A) thought the church lacked structureB) disagreed with the sale of indulgencesC) blamed the church for not curing people who had

the plagueD) believed that kings should have more power to

appoint clergy

16. Martin Luther was primarily dissatisfied with theRoman Catholic Church because he

17. Base your answer to the following question on thestatement below and on your knowledge of socialstudies.

"The Pope is no judge of matters pertaining to God'sword and faith; the true Christian must examine andjudge for himself."

A) Pax Romana B) CrusadesC) Enlightenment D) Reformation

Which historic era was based on the spirit of thisstatement?

A) supported democratic forms of governmentB) encouraged questioning of Catholic dogmaC) stressed the importance of life after deathD) denied the existence of God

18. One major influence the Renaissance had on theProtestant Reformation was that the philosophers

A) Charles V and absolutismB) Martin Luther and the Protestant ReformationC) John Locke and the EnlightenmentD) Karl Marx and scientific socialism

19. • Sale of indulgences authorized by Pope Leo X to raisemoney to build St. Peter's Basilica in Rome (1515)• Ninety-Five Theses posted (1517)• Hearing held at Worms, Germany (1521)

These events are most closely associated with

20. Base your answer to the following question on thepassage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

. . . I conclude, therefore, with regard to being fearedand loved, that men love at their own free will, but fearat the will of the prince, and that a wise prince must relyon what is in his power and not on what is in the powerof others, and he must only contrive to avoid incurringhatred, as has been explained. . .

A) Pope Urban IIB) Niccolo MachiavelliC) John CalvinD) Thomas Malthus

This passage is most closely associated with the ideas of

Answer KeyCrusades, Renaissance, Reformation

1. C2. C3. C4. C5. A6. D7. A8. A9. A10. A11. D12. D13. B14. A15. D16. B17. D18. B19. B20. B