The RenaissanceVisual Art

1. Reading Quiz2. Go over Middle ages quiz3. Major characteristics of Renaissance

visual art

HW: Outline - Social Change (p. 428-438)

Discuss answers to the Middle Ages Quiz

Middle Ages Quiz1. The period 1315 – 1322 is best described as A. A time of scarcity and starvationB. A time of plenty and prosperityC. Stable and peacefulD. A time of civil war and bloodshedE. A time of rapid intellectual development

2. The most telling symptom of the bubonic plague wasA. Cold chillsB. VomitingC. A high feverD. A boil the size of a nut or apple in the armpit, groin, or neckE. Black spots on the skin

3. In general, the clergy during the plagueA. Cared for the sick and buried the deadB. Fled to monasteries in the countrysideC. Were relatively untouched by the epidemicD. Refused to administer sacramentsE. Let nuns take care the sick

4. The highly infectious nature of the plague was enhanced by A. The imposition of the quarantine measuresB. An influx of peasants seeking medical careC. Urban congestion and lack of sanitationD. The total absence of health-care facilitiesE. Starving peasants’ consumption of black rats

5. Economically, the Black Death resulted inA. A complete economic collapseB. A sharp drop in per capita wealthC. A sharp increase in per capita wealthD. A sharp increase in urban unemploymentE. Worse conditions for serfs all over Europe

6. During the Hundred Years War, the English kings were supported by some French barons because the latterA. Disapproved of the Babylonian Captivity B. Were promised estates in EnglandC. Wanted to stop the French monarchy’s centralizing effortsD. Were economically dependent on the English wool tradeE. Were Lollards

7. The English victory at the Battle of Crécy resulted fromA. The chivalric superiority of the English knightsB. Their alliance with the GermansC. The cowardice of the French knightsD. The effective use of longbowsE. The use of hand-held firearms

8. One important mode of influencing public opinion used by the English and French kings during the Hundred Years War wasA. Publishing broadsheetsB. Distribution of free grain to the populaceC. Proclaiming a crusadeD. Purchasing of votesE. Instructing priests to deliver patriotic sermons

9.Conciliarists, such as the theologians Pierre d’Ailly and Conrad Gelhausen, believed all of the following exceptA. Reform could best be accomplished by general assemblies representing all ChristiansB. The pope’s authority derived from the Christian communityC. The pope was not the head of the Christian churchD. A constitutional form of church government was preferable to the monarchical formE. The pope existed to promote the well-being of the Christian community

10. The young woman who saved France during the Hundred Years War was A. Catherine of SienaB Joan of ArcC. Christine de PisanD. Francoise of FlorenceE. Theresa of Avila

11. All of the following were consequences of the Hundred Years War exceptA. The development of French a national assemblyB. The emergence of the English Commons as a political forceC. A rise of nationalistic feeling in England and FranceD. Economic and social dislocationE. Disruption of local government in England as sheriffs went absent on campaign

12. The direct cause of the Hundred Years War between England and France was A. The French seizure of the port of CalaisB. The English execution of Joan of ArcC. King Edward III of England’s seizure of AquitaineD. King Edward III of England’s endorsement of Urban VI as the rightful popeE. King Philip of France’s seizure of Aquitaine

13. Each of the following authors composed important works in their vernacular exceptA. Christine de PisanB. Francois VillonC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Dante AlighieriE. Thomas Aquinas

14. The ___________________whipped and scourged themselves as penance for their and society’s sinsA. MendicantsB. FlagellantsC. Members of the brotherhood of the GloryD. Pope and his closest advisorsE. Women of London

15. In the absence of the papacy during the Babylonian Captivity, RomeA. Experienced an economic rebirthB. Was racked by heretical uprisingsC. Was left poverty strickenD. Was ruled by the College of CardinalsE. Pledged its allegiance to the Byzantine Empire

16. From 1309 – 1376, the popes lived in A. MilanB. Flanders C. VeniceD. ParisE. Avignon

17. Theologian John Wyclif argued thatA. The conciliar movement was hereticalB. Scripture alone should determine church belief and practiceC. There was no TrinityD. Popes should be elected by all members of the clergyE. Priests should be allowed to marry

18. The great council that met at Constance from 1414-1418A. Implemented a series of important reformsB. Did little more than elect a popeC. Abolished the inquisitionD. Reformed the monastic and mendicant ordersE. Condemned the Fourth Crusade the burned Constantinople

19. In the Middle Ages, who and when a person married were determined by A. Economic considerations and parental directionB. Romantic loveC. Accidental pregnanciesD. Physical attractionE. The lord

20. According to the text, conquerors in which frontier zone made the most extensive attempt to prevent intermarriage and protect racial purity?A. Eastern EuropeB. SpainC. The Baltic littoralD. SicilyE. Ireland

What is Humanism?• Humanism was a study of how to lead a proper life

according to the ancient Greeks and Romans (the classics) through their literature.

• The Italian scholars emphasized the study of several subjects: grammar, rhetoric, history, and poetry, while using classical texts.

• These subjects are called the humanities and the individuals who study these subjects are called humanists.

• What do humanists believe?– Studying the classical texts led Humanists to

believe that it was important to learn how things worked, to emphasize education, led a meaningful life, and to financially support the arts. Humanists celebrate both life and the afterlife.

Classicism

Relating to the classics – Ancient Greece and Rome

Characteristics: Balance, order, symmetry

Topics: science, philosophy, reason, rationality

Art and Patronage• Italians were willing to spend a lot of money

on art.– Art communicated social, political, and spiritual

values.– Italian banking & international trade interests

had the money.

• Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

Characteristics Painting One Painting Two

Characteristic One

Characteristic Two

Characteristic Three

Time Period?

Medieval v. Renaissance Art

• Today, you will begin to learn about the Renaissance. The term Renaissance means “rebirth” because it deviated from traditional aspects of Medieval society. The Renaissance is known, among other things, for its art.

• Examine the two images. One is from Medieval time and one is from the Renaissance.

• How can you tell that these images are from different time periods?

• What are the characteristics of each piece? Does one image have brighter colors? Does one have clearer images?

• Try to list at least three of the distinguishing characteristics of each piece.

What are the distinguishing characteristics of this piece?

What are the distinguishing characteristics of this piece?

Discussion

• Which picture is from the Middle Ages? – How can you tell?

• Which is from the Renaissance?

– How can you tell?

New Techniques• Fresco

• Perspective

• Human anatomy and movement

• Sculpture

• Architecture

• Painting done on fresh, wet plaster with water based paints, 3-D

• Organization of outdoor space and light through geometry (atmospheric)

• The illusion of 3-D on a 2-D surface (linear)

• Realism of humans

• Donatello- Greek and Roman influence

• Brunelleschi- focused on human needs not divine

Masters of High Renaissance

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Raphael

• Michelangelo

• Mastered realistic painting, dissected human bodies, goal to create idealized forms that capture the perfection of nature

• Admired for Madonnas and frescoes in Vatican palace• Accomplished painter, sculptor, architect

Art and Patronage• Italians were willing to spend a lot of money

on art.– Art communicated social, political, and spiritual

values.– Italian banking & international trade interests

had the money.

• Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.

Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

1. Realism & Expression

� i) Realism: showing scenes as they actually appear (in the “moment”)

� ii) Expression is different depending on the context

� iii) First nudes sinceclassical times

� iv) Expulsion fromthe Garden, Masaccio,1427

2. Perspective

� iv) The Trinity, Masaccio,1427

What you are, I once was; what I am, you will

become.

i) Perspective: a graphic system that creates the illusion of depth and volume on a 2-D surface

ii) Draw on your paper

iii) Use of linear perspective (using lines to show distance and depth)

3. Classicism� i) Classicism: Greco-Roman

influence where perfect proportion is the ideal

� ii) Secularism- without religious influence

� Humanism-emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world

� iii) Individualism free standing figures; S-curve

� iv) Symmetry/Balancev) The “Classical Pose”

Medici “Venus” (1c)

4. Emphasis on Individualism� vi) Batista Sforza & Federico de

Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino, Piero della Francesca, 1465-1466.

i) Individualism: highlighting specific characteristics to show how one subject is unique from another

ii) circle the individual characteristic of the figure.

iii) Revolutionary?i) Perspectiveii) Realism/

Expression

Isabella d’Este – da Vinci, 1499

� 1474-1539

� “First Lady of the Italian Renaissance.”

� Great patroness of the arts in Mantua.

� Known during her time as “First Lady of the World!”

5. Geometrical Arrangement of

Figures� i) the arrangement of figures to

form geometric shapes

� ii) draw the shapes.

� iii) Revolutionary?

� Realism/ expression

� Classicism

� Perspective

� iv) The figure as architecture!

� v) The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate, Leonardo da Vinci, 1469

6. Light & Shadowing/Softening

Edges

Chiaroscuro

Sfumato

6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges

i) chiaroscuro: the use of extreme contrast between light and dark to create a dramatic effect

ii) sfumato: The blurring or softening of sharp outlines by gradually blending one tone into another.

iii)Circle the examples of chiaroscuro and sfumato.

iv)Revolutionary?v) Ginevra de' Benci, Leonardo da Vinci,, c. 1474/1478

http://www.nga.gov/kids/ginevra.htm

Pieta, Michelangelo

David by Michelangelo

Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Michelangelo

Sistine Chapel Ceiling, Michelangelo

http://www.destination360.com/europe/italy/rome/sistine-chapel-ceiling

School of Athens, Raphael

School of Athens, Raphael

Michelangelo ?

Raphael?Da Vinci ?

The Last Supper by da Vinci