1,Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople

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Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople

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Jeremias II Tranos

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

Church Church of Constantinople

In office

5 May 157223 Nov 1579

Aug 158022 Febr 1584

Apr 1587

Sept 1595

Predecessor

Metrophanes III

Metrophanes III

Theoleptus II
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Successor

Metrophanes III

Pachomius II

Matthew II

Orders

Consecration c. 1568

Personal details

Bornc. 1530

Anchialos

Died1595

Constantinople

Previous post Bishop ofLarissa

Jeremias II Tranos(c.1530September 1595) wasEcumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

three times between 1572 and 1595.

Contents

[hide]

1. 1 Life2. 2 The Greek Augsburg Confession3. 3 Accomplishments4. 4 Notes5. 5 External linksLife[edit]

Jeremias Tranos was born inAnchialos,from an influentialGreekfamily. The exact date of birth

is not known, most probably 1530, but some scholars suggest 1536.[1]

He studied with the best

Greek teachers of his age, and in his youth he became amonk.Supported by the richMichaelCantacuzene,he was appointed bishop ofLarissaon about 1568.

[1]
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When Michael Cantacuzene obtained the deposition of PatriarchMetrophanes III,Jeremias,

supported by Cantacuzene, was elected for the first time to the Patriarchate on 5 May 1572.[1]

Jeremias' first concern was the reform of the his Church, and he summoned a synod with the aimto root out thesimony.He also made restored hiscathedral,that at the time was the

Pammakaristos Church.During this his first reign Jeremias also had the first contacts with the

Lutheranswhich ended in a deadlocked disagreement. On 3 March 1578 his patron, MichelCantacuzene was executed, and so Jeremias position became weak.[1]

On 23 (or 29) November1579 Jeremias was deposed and excommunicated,

[2]and his rival Metrophanes III returned on

the Patriarchal throne.

Metrophanes III died on August 1580,[2]

and Jeremias returned for the second time on the throne,

probably on 13 August.[3]

From 1580 to 1583 there were contacts between Jeremias and envoys

of thepopein regard to the introduction in Greece of theGregorian calendar:Romewas almostsure about a positive solution, but on the contrary the final position of Jeremias was negative.

[3]

In 1584 Jeremias offered as a gift toPope Gregory XIIItwo pieces of relics from the bodies of

Saint John ChrysostomandSaint Andrew of Crete.[4]

In the winter between 1583 and 1584 Jeremias was subject of a conspiration of some Greek

bishops against him, led byPachomiusofKaisariaandTheoleptusofPhilippoupolis,thataccused him to have supported a Greek uprise against theOttoman Empire,to havebaptizeda

muslimand to be in correspondence with thepapacy.[5]

Jeremias was arrested and beaten, and

three trials followed: the first charge resulted false, but the last resulted in his deposition on 22

February 1584 and in his exile inRhodes.

Thanks to the intercession of the French ambassador, in 1586 Jeremias obtained the freedom

from the exile in Rhodes and started his travel throughPolishLithuanian Commonwealth(which included alsoUkraine)and theTsardom of Russiato raise founds. During his travel, he

arrived inMoscowon the 11 July 1588, and after negotiations withBoris Godunov(theRegentfor TsarFeodor I of Russia)on 26 January 1589Job of Moscowwas enthroned as the firstPatriarch of Moscow and All Russia.On his way back to Constantinople, Jeremias deposed the

Metropolitan of KievOnesiphorus Devochka, and in his place appointed and consecrated

Michael Rohoza.

In the meantime, after 1584 Jeremias' deposition two other patriarchs followed,Pachomius IIand

Theoleptus II,who was deposed on May 1586.[6]

The Church was governed by a supporter ofJeremias, thedeaconNicephorus (died 1596), and for ten days by the deacon Dionysios (later

Metropolitan of Larissa, died 1611).[6]

In April 1587 Jeremias was formally re-elected as

Patriarch, but due to his absence for his travel the Church went on being governed bylocum

tenensdeacon Nicephorus. On 4 July 1589 the Sultan formally appointed of Jeremias asPatriarch of Constantinople (third time).[3]Jeremias was informed to be again elected patriarch

only in 1589 inMoldovawhen he was on the way back to Istanbul where he arrived in 1590.[5]

On 12 February 1593 asynodin Constantinople sanctioned theAutocephalyof the Patriarchate

of Moscow.[4]

The exact date of Jeremias' death is not known, but it occurred between September

and December 1595, in Constantinople.
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The Greek Augsburg Confession[edit]

From 1576 to 1581 he conducted the first important theological exchanges between Orthodoxy

and Protestants. On 24 May 1575,LutheransJakob AndreaeandMartin CrusiusfromTbingenpresented the Patriarch with a translated copy of theAugsburg Confession.Jeremias II wrote

three rebuttals known as 'Answers,' which established that theOrthodox Churchhad no desire forreformation.

[7]The Lutherans replied to the first two letters, but the third letter ended in a

deadlocked disagreement between the parties. The significance of the exchanges were that they

presented, for the first time in a precise and clear way, where the Orthodox and Reformation

churches stood in relation to each other.

Accomplishments[edit]

He is known for his role in establishing theMoscow Patriarchateduring his trip to Russia in1589. Jeremias initially suggested himself as a candidature for the firstPatriarch of Moscow,but

Boris Godunovsuggested that his residence should beVladimir,a largely impoverished town atthis time. Jeremias instead consecrated Boris's associate,Metropolitan Job,as Patriarch.

Patriarch Jeremias also obtained certain privileges for the Greek communities within the

Ottoman Empire, one of which was the establishment of schools. Until Jeremias' time, there wasonly one Greek-language school in the Ottoman Empire, the "Great School of the Nation". WithPatriarch Jeremias' influence seven schools opened in the late 16th century, in Athens,Livadia,

Chios,Smyrna,Kydonies,PatmosandYanina.Subsequently, another 40 schools opened across

Greece and Asia Minor: in Skopje, Philipopolis, Andrianople, Sozopolis, Anchialos,Constantinople, Aenos, Serres, Giannitsa, Korytsa, Vlachokleisoura, Veria, Thessaloniki,

Kalipolis, Kozani, Hieromerio, Tirnavo, Trikala, Paramytha, Agrafa, Arta, Karpenisi,

Varnakova, Aetoliko, Thebes, Chalkida, Argos, Nafplio, Koroni, Monemvasia, Methoni,Kythera, Kerkyra, Zakynthos, Chandax (Heraklion in Crete), Rodes, Kos, Patmos, S. Lemoniasand Myrtinisiotisses (Lesvos), Mykonos, Naxos. (See "Holy David and School Master Monks of

Varnakova during Turkish Rule" by Holy Metropolis of Phocis, page 89.)

Notes[edit]

1. ^Jump up to: abcdR. Aubert (2003). "Jrmie II".Dictionnaire d'histoire et de gographie ecclsiastiques28. Paris: Letouzey et An. 995-1001.ISBN2-7063-0210-0.

2. ^Jump up to: abR. Janin (1956). "Costantinople, Patriarcat grec".Dictionnaire d'histoire et de gographieecclsiastiques13. Paris: Letouzey et An. 632,677.

3. ^Jump up to: abcL. Petit (1924). "Jrmie II Tranos".Dictionnaire de Thologie Catholique8. Paris:Letouzey et An. 886-894.

4. ^Jump up to: abAthanasios Paliouras."Jeremias II".Ecumenical Patriarchate. Retrieved 28 May 2011.5. ^Jump up to: abGudziak, Borys A. (2001). Crisis and reform : the Kyivan Metropolitanate, the

Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the genesis of the Union of Brest. Cambridge, Mass: Ukrainian

Research Institute, Harvard University. pp. 3040.ISBN0-916458-92-X.

6. ^Jump up to: abKiminas, Demetrius (2009). The Ecumenical Patriarchate. Wildside Press LLC. p. 38,46.ISBN978-1-4344-5876-6.

7. Jump up ^Ware, Timothy (1993). The Orthodox Church. London, England New York, N.Y: PenguinBooks. p. 94.ISBN0-14-014656-3.
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5/5

External links[edit]

1. Tibbs - Patriarch Jeremias II, the Tbingen Lutherans, and the Greek Version of theAugsburg Confession

2. Schaff - The Answers of Patriarch Jeremiah to the Lutherans, A.D. 1576
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=5http://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.v.iii.htmlhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.v.iii.htmlhttp://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/creeds1.v.iii.htmlhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://www.stpaulsirvine.org/html/lutheran.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Patriarch_Jeremias_II_of_Constantinople&action=edit&section=5

Documents

1,Patriarch Jeremias II of Constantinople