1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems 111 Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures Session

1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkNational Disaster Management Systems

111

Institutional Arrangements and Organizational

Structures

Session 1World Bank Institute

Katherine Kelman


How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized?

Maintain formal and informal interaction between institutions, financial mechanisms, regulations and policies

Engage senior government policymakers AND accommodating and supporting local decision-making and private market initiatives

Balance centralized (“top-down”) and decentralized (“bottom-up”) approaches


How are National Disaster Management Systems Organized? cont’d.

Address both the ex ante (pre-disaster) and ex post (post-disaster) phases of the risk management cycle However, they demand distinct technical and

administrative approaches. Tailor organization to the nature of federal or

intergovernmental relations within the country. National governments usually play a major role in

risk identification, risk transfer, and rehabilitation and reconstruction.

Local governments, often with the help of NGOs, are involved in risk mitigation, preparedness and emergency response.


Building and Strengthening National Systems for Disaster Prevention and Response

An integrated, cross-sectoral network of institutions addressing all the phases of risk reduction and disaster recovery requires:

Policy and planning Reform of legal and regulatory frameworks Coordination mechanisms Strengthening of participating institutions National action plans for mitigation policies, and institutional development.

The organizational approach is also important:

Reactive vs. proactive approach to risk management. Powers and responsibilities concentrated in center vs. hierarchically distributed. Interaction between the levels coercive vs. cooperative.


Designing Effective National Disaster Management Systems

Have an explicit national disaster strategy that is integrated into other national policies, such as: Environmental, poverty, development

Integrate key players in the national disaster management process, such as: Finance ministry, local community leaders, NGOs,

and private market actors Make provisions to ensure sufficient resources

for key players to carry out their responsibilities, such as: Continual risk assessment Country-wide risk transfer Mutual aid agreements with other levels of government Extended partnerships


Philippines - Elements of An Effective Response Operation

EVACUATION AND RELIEF

EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES

FIRE SUPPRESSION

SEARCH AND RESCUE

DAMAGE AND NEEDS

ASSESSMENT

VOLUNTEER RESPONSE GROUPS / AUXILLIARIES

LAW ENFORCEMEN

T

COMMAND AND

CONTROL


Typical Organizational Structure

CABINET

National Disaster Council

International Assistance

National Disaster Management Office

PREPAREDNESS / MITIGATION

RESPONSE RECOVERY

Technical Advisory Team

Government Departments / NGOs

RECOVERY PROGRAMS

Provincial Disaster Committees

Operations Control Group

National Emergency Operations Center

Local Government Committees

DISASTER AREASCOMMUNITIES




Provincial Disaster

Committees


CABINET

National Disaster Council

International Assistance

National Disaster Management Office

PREPAREDNESS / MITIGATION

RESPONSE RECOVERY

Technical Advisory Team


RECOVERY PROGRAMS


Operations Control Group

National Emergency Operations Center


DISASTER AREASCOMMUNITIES




Provincial Disaster

Committees



Country Approaches to Disaster Management Systems

Risk management receives the attention of those responsible for long-term economic planning and is integrated into the planning process when: Disasters are considered as part of the development

process Ineffective systems fail to develop long-term

sustainable support for members’ activities Successful systems take advantage of the

existing government structures and involve: National, provincial, local, and community government Ministries and other institutions


Incorporating Key Players Is Important

Finance ministries Help ensure funding for the institutional framework; Facilitate incorporation of disaster management into

development policy; Provide incentives for financing mitigation projects.

Communities Local communities provide impetus for national

disaster management when political motivation flags; Local level feedback is important in the disaster

management process. International aid and financial institutions

Policies and the incentives they create for countries can make or break the establishment of national disaster risk programs.


Incorporating Key Players, cont’d.

Private sector risk transfer providers Provide individuals and communities with a range

of options for transferring disaster risk ex-ante through insurance, catastrophe hedges, etc.

Create incentives for mitigation and prevention Can team up with governments to devise

affordable insurance schemes Military

Traditionally in control of civil defense


Philippines: National Disaster Coordinating Councils ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK

NATIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCIL

79 PROVINCIAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS

17 REGIONAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS

113 CITY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS

1,496 MUNICIPAL DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS

41,956 BARANGAY DISASTER COORDINATING COUNCILS


Becoming Integrated into Policies and National Systems

Requires political will Requires a constituency beyond disaster

specialists Needs to reflect the preferences of the

population, such as when legislated through a participatory process

Needs to reflect correctly assessed risks through cooperation with researchers

Documents

1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management Framework National Disaster Management Systems 111 Institutional Arrangements and Organizational Structures Session