1Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

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Safer Cities

Session 1World Bank Institute

Fouad Bendimerad, Ph.D., P.E.

2Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

Collision Between Development And Disasters

Disasters are NOT natural phenomena; they are the results of ill and unplanned development.

Rapid urbanization has increased societal vulnerability by locating more people in hazardous areas and housing population in unsafe construction.

In 2010, 8 out of the 10 largest cities will be in developing countries.

Cities are also characterized by fragile socio-economic systems caused by risk prone development practices, lack of awareness, and unprepared populations and institutions.

Together these correlated factors cause an increasing trend of social susceptibility and diminishing societal resilience.

3Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management FrameworkThe Role of Local Actors

Impediments To Disaster Risk Reduction

Lack of mechanisms that mainstream disaster risk reduction within institutional functions.

Lack of capacity and inefficient use of resources.

Rigid bureaucratic structures not adapted to cross-organizational cooperation and integration.

Lack of knowledge of disaster risk factors. Lack of awareness of population and

institutions.

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From Disaster MNGT To Disaster Risk Reduction

Disaster Risk Management takes place when and if: It is integrated within the agenda of each function of

the local government; It is coordinated and supported by the central

government and governed by clear policies; It integrates the participation of the active agents of

society. Such an integrated approach achieves disaster

risk reduction through Systemic implementation; Sustainability; Progressive action; Cumulative contribution.

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Cross-organizational Integration

Disaster management should be integrated with each local government function, in coordination with the central authorities and in partnership with the active agents of society.

Civil Society

Media BusinessAcademia

Central Authorities

CBO’sNGO’s

Urban Planning

Building andConstruction

Public Works

Emergency Management

Social Services

Financial Planning

Local Government

Public Safety

Education & Rec.

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Mechanisms for Implementation

Practically, the implementation of integrated disaster risk management can be achieved by putting in place two levels of coordination: Policy-setting undertaken by high-level inter-

agencies coordination committee; Coordination and performance evaluation

undertaken by the agency in charge of disaster management;

A comprehensive set of action plans should be put in place based on risk parameters developed via a competent Disaster Risk Assessment analysis.

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DRR – Local Government Intervention

Disaster Risk Reduction

Coherent Public Policy Actions: Based on rational risk parameters and broad consultation with stakeholders; consistent with central government policies

Institutional Commitment: Commitment from governmental and non- governmental institutions to support policy implementation; cross-functionalintegration and understanding of distribution of responsibilities & resources.

Commitment to Mitigation: Implementation of a process for competent construction and safe urban planning.

Developing a Culture of Prevention: Involving the stakeholders; communicating and raising awareness; improving governance and enhancing capacity.

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“DRMMP” Model

The DRMMP concept is used by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality for the management of its earthquake risk

Response and

Recovery Action Plan

Preparedness and

Awareness Action Plan

Mitigation and

Prevention Action Plan

Institutional Building

Action Plan

Pilot Studies

Disaster Risk Management Master Plan “DRMMP”

Disaster Risk Assessment

Risk Parameters

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Disaster Risk Assessment (DRA)

Risk Assessment should be undertaken with the highest level of detail and should encompass all risk components (Buildings, infrastructures, social losses, etc)

It should include : The determination of high risk areas; The determination of evacuation roads and potential for

fires, explosions and hazardous material release; A “consequence analysis” to interpret impact on

institutions and key services, and to understand capacity and resource gaps.

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Building a Framework for Implementation

Build internal capability to understand risk , to communicate it to stakeholders and to develop parameters for sound public policy.

Develop coalitions involving academia, business, media

Consult with stakeholders and allow for input from community

Start small – pilot studies are a good way to check and correct process.

Provide mechanisms for sustainability.

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Resilience and Sustainability

Long term planning and coordination. Ensuring resources and enhancing

capacity. Using community resources through

partnerships. Academia (most valuable resource); Business and professional organizations; Media; Community organizations;

Turning “demand” into “Supply” or “Liability “ into “Assets” through communication and outreach

No program will succeed without mechanisms for sustainability