Valencia High School AP/IB Art History Mrs. Schultz

Content Area: Later Europe and Colonial Americas

Unit #7

Chapter 26 and 27: Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Photography

1700-1900

History

Death of Louis XIV in 1715 brought a resurgence of aristocratic life. Excavations Ruins in Greece, Turkey, and Europe (Pompeii – mid 1700’s) Town houses became centers for the Rococo style. American Revolution 1763-1783 French Revolution broke out in 1789 which brings about an interest in the Greek ideal of

Liberty and democracy.  Napoleon saw himself as a new "Caesar", crowned in 1804. Neoclassicism takes architectural hold in the U.S. with Thomas Jefferson. New ways of thinking about the new world.  Voltaire (1694-1778) = Science/Technological Improvement  Rousseau (1712-1778) = Nature alone must be society's guide 1839 Daguerreotype presented 1818-1883 Darwin and Marx – Human evolution and social equality Franco-Prussian War 0f 1870

List of Required AP Works (20 works):Cue Cards

1. Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo. Attributed to Juan Rodriguez. c. 1715 C.E. Oil on canvas.

2. The Tete a Tete. From Marriage a la Mode. William Hogarth, c. 1743 C.E. Oil on canvas. (Breakfast Scene pg. 740-741)

3. A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery. Joseph Wright of Derby, c. 1763- 1765 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 744, 726, 727)

4. Jean- Honore Fragonard, The Swing (1767). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection, London. (pg. 734).

5. Monticello. Virgin, U.S. Thomas Jefferson (architect). 1768- 1809 C.E. Brick, glass, stone, and wood. (pg. 736, 750, 751)

6. The Oath of the Horatti. Jacques- Louis David. 1784 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 728, 747- 784, 755, 757- 758, 760)

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Valencia High School AP/IB Art History Mrs. Schultz

7. George Washington. Jean- Antoine Houdon. 1788- 1792 C.E. Marble. (pg. 751- 752, 782)

8. Self- Portrait. Elisabeth Louise Vigee Le Brun. 1790 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 739- 740)

9. Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to Be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15. Francisco de Goya. 1810- 1823 C.E. (published 1863). Drypoint etching.

10. La Grande Odalisque. Jean- Auguste- Dominique Ingres. 1814 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 761)

11. Liberty Leading the People. Eugene Delacroiz. 1830 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 768, 770)

12. The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm). Thomas Cole. 1836 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 773)

13. Still Life in Studio. Louis- Jacques- Mande Daguerre. 1837 C.E. Photograph. (pg. 791- 793)

14. Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament). London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W.N. Pugin (architects). 1840- 1870 C.E. Limestone masonry and glass. (pg. 788)

15. The Stone Breakers. Gustave Courbet. 1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945). Oil on canvas. (pg. 775- 777)

16. Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art. Honore Daumier. 1862 C.E. Lithograph. (pg. 794)

17. Olympia. Edouard Manet. 1863 C.E. Oil on canvas. (pg. 781- 782)

18. The Horse in Motion. Edward Muybridge. 1878 C.E. Photograph. (pg. 796)

19. Joseph Mallord William Turner, Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming on (‘Slave Ship’) (1840). Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (pg. 772- 773)

20. The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de Mexico desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel). Jose Maria Velasco. 1882 C.E. Oil on canvas.

List of Required IB Works (14 works):Cue Cards

1. Giovanni Battista Tiepolo, Queen Zenobia addressing her Soldiers 1725/30). Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art, Washington.

2. Balthasar Neumann, Basilica of the Fourteen Holy Helpers (Basilika Vierzehnheiligen), near Bad Staffelstein (1743- 72). Exterior and ground-plan.

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Valencia High School AP/IB Art History Mrs. Schultz

3. Francisco de Goya y Lucientes, The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters: Plate 43 of The Caprices [Los Caprichos], (1799). Etching, aquatint, drypoint, and burin. Metropolitan Museum of Art. (p. 763-764)

4. Francois Boucher, Cupid a Captive (probably c. 1754). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection, London. (pg. 733).

5. Jean- Honore Fragonard, The Swing (1767). Oil on canvas. Wallace Collection, London. (pg. 734).

6. Benjamin West, The Death of General Wolfe (1770). Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Canada, Ottawa.

7. Henry Fuseli, The Nightmare (1781). Oil on canvas. Detroit Institute of Arts. (pg. 762)

8. Jean Auguste Ingres, The Bather (‘The Valpincon Bather’) (1808). Oil on canvas. Musee du Louvre, Paris.

9. John Constable, Wivenhoe Park, Essex (1816). Oil on canvas. National Gallery of Art, Washington.

10. Eugene Delacroix, The Death of Sardanapalus (1827). Oil on canvas. Musee du Louvre, Paris. (pg. 767)

11. Joseph Mallord William Turner, Slaves Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming on (‘Slave Ship’) (1840). Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (pg. 772- 773)

12. Gustave Courbet, A Burial at Ornans. Oil on canvas. Musee d’ Orsay, Paris. (p. 776)

13. Sir John Everett Millais, Ophelia (1851- 52). Oil on canvas. Tate Collection. (p. 786)

14. John Singer Sargent, The Daughters of Edward Darley Boit (1882). Oil on canvas. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. (p. 784)

Vocabulary

Chapter 26:

1. Enlightenment2. fete galante3. Grand Tour4. Rococo5. Royal Academy of Painting6. tapestries

Chapter 27:

1. calotype2. camera lucida3. daguerreotype4. lithography5. odalisque6. realism7. Romanticism

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Valencia High School AP/IB Art History Mrs. Schultz

Rococo 1700 - 1750

Shift of power to the aristocrats paralleled in Baroque and Rococo. French Royal Academy set the taste for art in Paris Strong Satirical paintings Epitome: paintings that show aristocratic people enjoying leisure Relaxation of morals – more happy-go-lucky art Love themes, whimsical portraiture, pastel colors Arabesques – “s” or “c”curve

Enlightenment 1750 - 1815

Newton and Locke – empirical proof and sensory perception Scientific method – fostered technological inventions Promoted questioning of all assertions Enlightenment brought about the rejection of royal and aristocratic authority Current events depicted have classical influences

Neoclassicism 1775 - 1800

Neoclassical art – more democratic Return to classical (Greco-Roman) Lesson- duty and self sacrifice Strong colors, classical elements, dynamic compositions Smooth clean brush strokes, simple yet grand Themes: courage, sacrifice, love of country, portraiture “Grand Tour” – Greece and Italy – Tourist Art – postcards

Romanticism – 1815-1840

Influenced by a sense of individuality and freedom of expression In favor of emotion vs. Stern Neoclassical Emphasis on imagination and complex settings Transcendental landscapes Exploration of the subconscious and dreams/nightmares Style- rugged brush strokes, dynamic stories, vibrant colors

Realism – Mid 19th c.

Favored events and people of their own place and time for subjects of art Connection between science and progress – Enlightenment

Photography

Introduction of Photography

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Valencia High School AP/IB Art History Mrs. Schultz

Architecture/Technology

Revival of Medieval/ Gothic style architecture Late 18th century = Industrial Revolution (cast iron, and carvings from bronze is cheaper

than carving marble)Things to think about

What is Rococo? What is Neoclassicism? What is Romanticism? Why are new styles coming to light? What is going on in the world during the 18th& 19th century? Are the changes in the world affecting the artists and their work? How did science replace theology? What role did democracy play in these paintings? Who was buying Rococo pieces and why? What was the Enlightenment and what was its affect on the world, and art in particular? What evidence is there for claiming that an artist was like an investigative reporter? What are the new materials employed in the late 18th and early 19th centuries? What was the effect of the industrial revolution on artistic production? Was there any indication that art was moving towards a purpose primarily for the common man? How do you think things will progress afterwards?

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