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1a
Confined Space Entry Program
A confined space is: Large enough to enter and perform work Limited in the way of entry or exit Not designed for continuous occupancy
Definition
1a
Actual or potential hazardous atmosphere Materials could engulf entrant Internal shape could trap entrant Contains other serious hazards
Definition of a Permit-Required-Confined-Space
1b
Before a Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be accessed, it is necessary to:
Conduct hazard evaluations Post danger signs Develop a permit space program
Practices and procedures
1c
Entry into a Permit-Required-Confined-Space is not a one person job.
It requires a team of individuals who work together and have the knowledge and skills necessary to complete the job safely.
It requires the designation of qualified:◦ Authorized entrants◦ Attendant
It requires the availability of rescue equipment and trained rescue operators
Practices and Procedures
2a
A Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be re-classified into a Non-Permit-Confined-Space:◦ Provided the space can be maintained in a safe
condition for entry by mechanical ventilation alone.
◦ All confined spaces shall be considered Permit-Required-Confined-Spaces until a pre-entry checklist has been completed to demonstrate otherwise.
Practices and Procedures
2a
The Permit-Required-Confined-Space can be re-classified:◦ If the permit space poses no actual or potential
atmospheric hazards, ◦ And if all hazards within the space are eliminated
without entry into the space ◦ Then, the Permit-Required-Space may be
reclassified as a Non-Permit-Space. ◦ If it is necessary to enter the permit space to
eliminate hazards, such entry shall be performed under a Permit-Required-Confined-Space procedure.
Practices and Procedures
2a
The following is CSP’s approach to dealing with confined space entries:
◦ CSP does not posses the infrastructure, technical or human to manage Permit-Required-Confined-Space Entries
◦ CSP applies a combination of procedures described above to re-classify the confined space to a Non-Permit-Confined-Space
Practices and Procedures
2a
CSP has several spaces that require entry permit.
A re-classification procedure must be followed before the following spaces spaces can be entered:◦ All storage tanks◦ The main pit◦ The cooling tower basins◦ The outdoors hypo and acid secondary
containment pits◦ The sludge pit under the brine filter
Practices and Procedures
Monitor entrants from outside the space Know the hazards that could be faced Understand behavioral effects of exposure Maintain an accurate count of entrants Communicate with entrants as necessary Monitor activities inside and outside space Know how to summon rescue services Protect the permit space Perform non-entry rescues
Role of an attendant
2b
Permit is posted prior to entry Entry supervisor can cancel permit Entry supervisor can terminate entry
Permit system
4c
Availability of certification and documentation
Pre-entry observations Periodic air monitoring
observations
Alternate entry requirements
5c
Permit space:◦ Does not pose any atmospheric hazards◦ All hazards are eliminated without entry◦ Entry supervisor evaluates conditions◦ Attendant obtains entry permit◦ Attendant ensures information
is complete◦ Attendant ensures permit
is signed
Permit space reclassification
6a
Employer certification must contain:◦ Date◦ Location of the space◦ Signature of person reclassifying space
Permit space reclassification
6b
Oxygen deficiency◦ Minimum safe level is 19.5 percent◦ Maximum safe level is 23.5 percent◦ Gases displace oxygen◦ Chemical reactions consume oxygen
Risks of Confined Spaces
7c
Combustibility
◦ Flammable and combustible gases or vapors are present
◦ Hazardous atmospheres contain more than 10 percent of lower flammable limit
7d
Risks of Confined Spaces
Toxicity◦ Occurs from previously stored material◦ Result from coatings, cleaning
solvents, or preservatives◦ Detection is difficult
Risks of Confined Spaces
7e
Engulfment◦ Water or other liquids◦ Grain◦ Sand ◦ Sawdust◦ Powders
Risks of Confined Spaces
7f
Understanding the behaviors people may exhibit while working in a permit-required confined space is critical.
Behavioral effects in Confined Spaces
8a
Asphyxiation:◦ Mild changes◦ Collapse
Behavioral effects in Confined Spaces
8b
Too much oxygen:◦ Coughing◦ Fainting◦ Rapid breathing
Behavioral effects in Confined Spaces
8c
Fatigue:◦ Tiredness◦ Weakness◦ Irritability◦ Indecisive◦ Uncommunicative◦ Unable to recall details
Behavioral effects in Confined Spaces
8d
Attendants must:◦ Maintain accurate count of entrants◦ Use roster or other tracking system◦ Accurately identify entrants
Attendant responsibilities
9a
Attendants must:◦ Monitor activities inside and outside space◦ Remain outside space during entry ◦ Be trained and equipped for rescues and relieved
by another attendant before entering space (Permited-Required-Confined-Space)
Attendant responsibilities
10a
Attendants must:◦ Communicate with entrants◦ Alert entrant of evacuation
Attendant responsibilities
11a
Conditions for immediate evacuation:◦ Prohibited condition emerges◦ Behavioral effects are detected◦ Situation arises outside space◦ Duties cannot be performed safely◦ Evacuation alarm is activated
Attendant responsibilities
11b