1982 National Waste Processing Conference 05

7/29/2019 1982 National Waste Processing Conference 05

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THERMAL PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF MSWFIRED STEAM GENERATORS A NEW APPROACH

ROGER S. HECKLINGER ANDLEONARD M GRILLO

Charles R Velzy oate, Inc.Armonk, New York

ABSTRACT

Deemio of hem pefomce o efciec of sem geeos b diio ASMEpocedues is compex d dffcu udeig.Whe he fue is mucip soid wse ddiovibes e ioduced o cofoud he pocedues fuhe

A ew ppoch is poposed s bsis fo discusso. The ie of he ew ppoch is o educe he ime d effo equed o chievegeeme h muicip soid wse ed semgeeo hs pefomed s specied d/ogeed.

INTRODUCTON

Few woud quesio he eed o com h

muicp soid wse (MSW) fied sem geeig ssem c ccompsh he hem pefomce fo which i ws sod Two ppes peseed ps ASME Soid Wse Cofeeces de wihhem ecec of MSW fed sem geeosThe wi be used s exmpes. The pefomcees pocedues foowed fo he sem geeigicieo owed d opeed b he NshveThem Tsfe Copoio wee descibed bBoe i 96 [1 . Modicios o diioASME pocedues wee poposed b Sbeow i

1980 [2] which icuded exmpe ccuios.A eview of diio pocedues foows fobcgoud.

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TRADIIONAL PROCEDURES

Fo sem geeig ssems he esbishedpocedue fo deemig h hem pefomce sdds d guees fo eciechve bee me is he ASME Pefomce TesCode 4 Sem Geeig Us (PTC 4) [3]

Boe efficiec b he he oss mehod isdeed s ipu mius osses divided b pu. pu is deemied b muipg he weigh offue fied imes he heig vue pe ui weghof he fue. Losses o be cosideed cude [3] :

1 He oss due o ubued cbo i [esdue]. P 320

2 He oss due o he d ue gs P.3.202

3 He oss due o mosue i he "s fedfue. P. .32.03

4. He oss due o moisue fom buig of

hdoge P .3.2.04.5. He oss due o moisue i he . P

.3.2.05.6. He oss due o he i omig sem.

P 3.2.06. He oss due o fomio of cbo mo

oxide. P. .3208 He oss due o ubued hdoge. P.

3.2.089 He oss due o ubued hdocbos

P 32.09

0. He oss due o sufce diio d covecio. P 3.2.o.1 He oss due o diio o shpi ses-


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ble heat in slag and, f applcabe, atet heat of fuso of sag. Par 73211

12 Heat oss due to sensbe heat i ue dust.Par. .3212

13. Heat oss due to heat i pulverzer rejcts.Par 3213

14. Heat loss due to heat pickup by cooingwater . .Par 32.4

Determation of the magtude of thee ossess a difcut ad painstaking task

As t happes, the major heat osses ay sodfuel fired steam generator (cluding coal, woodad MSW) are:

1 Heat oss due to ubured carbon in residue2. Heat oss due to heat in dry flue gas3 Heat oss due to mosture in the as fired"

fue.4. Heat oss due to moisture from burg o

hydroge.Al of the other osses together a well oper

ated boler shoud tota ess tha ve percent(The excepto could be a steam geerator wherehigh ash fue is red and the residue eaves the furace i a mote codton.)

As exampes osses from the referenced papersare dispayed Tabe 1

TABLE

ozeka*

Unbuned Cron percent

Dy Flue Gas 11

Moisture in Fe t Moistre from yogen 5Othe osses

Stabenow

pecent

9

9

1

Tot 1 pecent percent'

Ref. [1] , p 224 Note, Othr Loses include 0.5 prcnt "Unaccuned Re [2], p. 38 Note, Othe osses ncude 158 ercn nccntd fo Losss {Pr Mutu Agrmnt)"

The ajor heat osses ca be recast to combnemosture losses ad to separate heat of vaporizato from sesibe heat the ue gas, ie

1 Heat loss due to uburned carbo i residue2 Heat loss due to sesbe heat n ue gas3 Heat oss due to heat of vaporizatio of

mosture formed or reeased n combustonAs an example the losses from Ref [2] 'are re

cast and dispayed in Tabe 2 Ths was accomplished by spttig the two moisture reated lossesat 1030 Btu/lb (240 MJ /kg) of moisture and ac

counting for the remainder as sesibe heat loss

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(The data from Ref [1] was ot suffcetly omplete to be recast)

TABE

osses

nrn bonSense heat in Fe Gs

Heat of Vpoition

Other osses

Tot

Stbenow

perent117

1

1

pecent

SPECIAL PROCEDURES FOR MSW FIRED

STEAM GENERATORS

ASME Performace Test Code 33 Large Icierators (PTC 33) [4] , was developed to be used tomeasure performance ececy of arge SW i

cierators However, for the purposes of that testcode, The recovery of useful energy, or productfrom ths process athough desirable, s ot cosdered the measure of performance (Ref [4] Par 01) Regardless, PTC 33 ke PTC 4.1 etails pastakng and detaled testig which mayot be usted n lght of the varabe ature ofMSW

Iput is dificult to determie for SW fredsteam geerators as the heatng vaue per unit ofweigt used to determe total input is depedent

o obtaning ad aayzng a truly represetatvesample. SW red n ms-buing steam generators includes arge ndvidual peces and great variaton in moisture contet ad other fuel quaitiesfrom truckload to truckoad (Whe MSW is processed to produce a refuse derived fuel (RDF) theprobem of large ndividual pieces is reduced, utvarations in mosture and ash contet persstmaking t dificult to obtan a represetative samle Therefore the suggestons made ths papercould also have applcatio where RDF is the soeor mar fuel red i a steam generator)

With the most elaborate of samplg techques(ad many have been suggested and tried), al oecan earn is the heating value of the oe gram sample ultimately red n the laboratory caormeter.Cosequently, it s difficult to obtan agreemetthat the unit heatng value obtained from the oegram sample truly represents the heating vaueof several hours supply of MSW

With regard to losses, latet heat of vaporization ca exceed onethrd of the tota of all lossesas may be seen n Table 2 This loss is soley a

fucto of moisture contet of MSW and mois


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e eed o eesed obso of hdogebg oses of MSW. Oe he MSW sped fe he he of vpoo osss espbe; d fo spef bh of MSWhe he of vpoo oss s he se egdess

ofhe fe whh s bedWhe ofoed wh fe fo whh o

he p o be deeed wh eded jo obso oss (He ofvpoos oobe pehps ew ppoh foevo of he pefoe shod beepoed

A NEW APPROACH

ew ppoh e he poedes pesesed s be peded o he sse phsed he sse sppe geeg h he MSW ''obe ed s sbs s eded (Ref 4]

P 52 Th s geee s be ehedh h MSW vbe fo he es s o eod we eod d o of eod oposo

Thee e hee he pefoe fosh be deeed fo MSW ed se geeg sses wh esobe Thesede

Fg e.

2. Pee oge b voe (d he fegses

. Fe gs epeeFg e be deeed b esg he

e eed o fe o wegh ofMSWwhe g esob sed bg odos.

Pee oge b voe (d he egs s fo of pee eess obso . be esed d eged whe bg ow q of MSW ow peod of

e.Mesee be de b Os o b oos og deveFe gs epee ow oge eve

d ow fg e s ese of he sfe effeveess The epee evg he she sfe deve se geeg sse be esed d eged whe bg ow q of MSW (fhe f he sfe deve s hee he epee dffeee bewee d gs s he ese ofees.

foh he pefoe fo of oe s oe d o ese Th fo sbed bo oss o oe es

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bed obsbes oss. Ubed obsbes eve MW ed se geeg sse eh oo whee sh o esde eves he

sse. These oos od de he dshge ed of he ge hogh he ge boe

hoppes eoome hoppes poo ooeqpe hoppes d he s

Foe s o pe o obeos f o of hee esde ses po oeov fo he p Re do oe h wodsee esde ses eve p. Fo hs dssso s ssed h he poo ooeqpe s sfe ee h he obsbes oss pes he s gs dshged o he evoe s s eogh o bedsegded. Fo epe f pe essosfo he s e 0 gs pe sdd bfoo oeed o 2 pee bo dode dhe pes e 50 ee bo he heoss s ess h 0.15 pee Howeve osses esdes eve he sse weed odo. Cosdeg hs he foowg poede ssggesed s es of deeg o vefgbed obsbe oss:

Coe ge q s 55 g dof ed esde s s dshged fo he sse

2 Sped he esde o oo o ps

shee (do o be oeed bo we of P o es debe e d

gss (do o be oeed wh pes dheg o he ped pees

4. P o ge h pees of pbed es (sh a ogs o bes

5. Qe he ede dow o spewegh of o 5 b (1 o 2 g (Te o p bed es sh s ges o epeseveess. D d sh he spefoowg he ehod deveoped b Hege

d Lge fo deeg obsbes oeof RDF 5].

6. The pee wegh edo of he dspe s s shed s he pee of obsbes he esde.

7 f sh eves he sse sepe spes of sh shod be e d ed foobsbes.

8 Repeve spes wod be desbeThs oe of poede s poposed fo ds

sso pposes The obje s o eve heq of bed e he esde. s o poposed s bsoe ese of bed obsbes. Oe shod o be oo oeed


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to nd partially burned logs or timbers in the resi

due; but one shoud be very concerned to find an

undue quantity of unburned paper and rags in the

residue The purpose of the proposed procedure isto evaluate that quantity

Of course, any specication or required guaran-

tee for unburned combustible levels would have to

be founded on specic methods of measurement

such as the one described above Note, the percent

unburned combustibes in the residue wil be con-

siderably greater than the percent heat loss due to

unburned carbon in residueFinaly one should not lose sight of the fact

that the unburned combustibles oss is a relativelysmall loss compared to heat of vaporization lossand oss due to sensible heat in the ue gases

UMMARY

contractual reationship could be entered

into based on the following performance guaran-

tees to be demonstrated under norma operating

conditions:1 MSW consumed per hour

2 Oxygen percentage in the ue gas

3 Flue gas temperature

4. Combustibles in residue

S. Combustibles in fly ash (if separate fromother residue)

Factors one through three should be monitored

over a period of at east 6 hr commencing with

steady state conditions Severa sampes should beobtained over the same period for factors four and

if required ve

If contracted performance standards are met

for each of these factors, it can be said that the

MSW fired steam generation system has performed

thermaly as stipulated in the purchase contract

DICUON

The method of evaluating thermal performancesuggested in this paper has the virtue of simplicity

ELTVE HEL PEFE

ABETE i

\\\\\\\

\\\\

COMBUSTLES IN RESDUE

o $

,';1 I >/

G

o

WORSE B

5 10 5 20 25 30

FIG. 1 PROPOSED NOMOGRAPH

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i h fo o f i o eufcos e oiod oe ho dosio peiod O h ohe hd he PT 4es poced deops o oe be pce boi fficic bei b copex

duous ehodoog bsed o o difficuo esu fco Thu of he ub of osesh e p eficiec soe exceed expecio whie ohe f sho d sies i oe efficiec wihi he egued. Fo expe high h expecedhe oss de o ubued cbo i eidues b copsd b owe h expcd heoss due o h i d fue g.

The hodoog dscibd i his ppe howe coud be deopd io es of sipuig ccepbe ei ui pfoce e busig oogph o co he ious fcousd i hi ppe Figu is

such oo

gph deopd s exp o coe hepfoc fco fo MW d geo Th use of h oogph i doseds foows The doed i i dw bsed ospecifed pefoce fcos d ed o ie ABTh poi whee h doed i isec ie ABis idicio of oe specified pefocWh cu pfoce fco e iecoec

d how b h dshd ie he poi whee

h dshd ie ics i AB idices hh pfoc ud c codiios wsbee h h spciied pefoce Accepbepfoc coud b ipued h be

h poi o h i AB o iciowih ie AB fig wihi idiced g oh i

Noe h fcos woud h dege of copesig ibii Fo xpe we MW

woud d o su i ow fue gs epeue (high fcic) d i highe oxgee (owe efciec). Ad high oxge e(owe efcic) wod ed o eu i owecobuibs i he esidue (highe efcic).

Th hod of uio poposd i hisppe is offeed fo discsio i ffo osipif pehps uci copex pocessof pefoce uio

EFEENES

[1] Boseka, C. G, "Nashvie Incinerato PerfomanceTests, Proceedings of 1976 National Waste ProcessingConfeence, ASME, New Yok, NY, 1976, pp 25-227

2 Stabenow, G Pedcting and Testng ncineato Boler Effcency: A Poposed Shot Fom Method nLne With the ASME Test Code PTC33," Proceedings of980 National Wase Processing Confeence ASME, NewYok, NY, 1980, pp 30133

3 Anonymous, Steam Generating Unts Pefomance Test Codes, PTC 41, ASME, New Yok N.Y,965

[4 Anonymos, Large Incneatos PeromanceTest Codes" PTC 33, ASME, New Yok, NY, 978

[5 Hecknge, R S, and arge, R M, Deteminaton of the el Chaactestcs o ReuDerved Fesy Macoaalyss Proceedings of the venth MineralW5ste Utilization Symposium IITR, Chcago Ilnos,1980, pp 8490

Key Wrds

fficencv

Performance

Refuse

Steam

estng

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Documents

1982 National Waste Processing Conference 05