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Preface

CARL (R.A. 6657, as amended) and Related Laws

o Matrix of RA 6657

o Matrix of RA 6657 (with Index)

o Republic Act No. 6657

o Batas Republika Blg. 6657



o

Republic Act No. 8532o Republic Act No. 9700

History and Evolution of Major Agrarian Reform Laws

Issuances

Philippine Constitution

Laws, Statutes and Presidential Issuances

Supreme Court Decisions and Issuances

Court of Appeals Decisions

Implementing Rules and Regulations

Issuances from Other Government Agencies

Handbooks and Publications

Articles and Journals

Forms and Templates

Lecture Materials
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JUSTICE MILAGROS A. GERMAN'S

INDEX OF SUPREME COURT RULINGS IN AGRARIAN CASES FROM

JANUARY 1961 TO 2001

AABANDONMENT

Gavino Corpus vs. Sps. Geronimo Grospe

G.R. No. 135297, June 8, 2000

Abandonment requires a clear and absolute intention to renounce a right or

claim or to desert a right or property.

Rosello vs. Reyes

99 SCRA 1

After the Trial Court found as per its decision that the tenant was not

ejected by the landowner but that he voluntarily abandoned his landholding, it is

incorrect for the Court to order his reinstatement

Teodoro vs. Macaraeg

27 SCRA 8-9

Tenant's offer to surrender leasehold on the condition that one named byhim should be accepted as his successor does not constitute abandonment.

ACTIONS

Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. Nos. 113220-21, January 21, 1997

266 SCRA 406

All actions pursued under the exclusive original jurisdiction of the DAR, inaccordance with 50 of R.A. No. 6657, must be commenced in the PARAD of the

province where the property is located and the DARAB only has appellate

jurisdiction to review the PARAD's orders, decisions and other dispositions.

Tongson vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 77104, November 6, 1992

215 SCRA 428
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Under Section 11, R.A. No. 1199, an action for accounting may be filed by

the tenant within three (3) years from the date of the threshing of the crop in

question.

Laureto vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 95838, August 7, 1992212 SCRA 397

An action for violation of Section 2 of P.D. No. 816 falls within the

original and exclusive jurisdiction of the Court of Agrarian Relations (Sec. 5, P.D.

816), now the Regional Trial Courts (Sec. 19, par. 7, B.P. 129).

ADMINISTRATIVE DECISIONS

Lucia Mapa vda. de la Cruz, et al. vs. Adjuto Abille

G.R. No. 130196, February 26, 2001

Where there is no showing, as in the case at bar, that there was fraud,

collusion, arbitrariness, illegality, imposition or mistake on the part of a

department head, in rendering his questioned decisions or of a total lack of

substantial evidence to support the same, such administrative decisions are

entitled to great weight and respect and will not be interfered with.

ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS

Villaflor vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 95694, October 9, 1997

280 SCRA 298

It applies "where a claim is originally cognizable in the courts, and comes

into play whenever enforcement of the claim requires the resolution of issues

which, under a regulatory scheme, have been placed within the special

competence of an administrative body; in such case, the judicial process is

suspended pending referral of such issues to the administrative body for its

review."

Republic vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 122256, October 30, 1996

263 SCRA 758

The DAR is an administrative agency which cannot be granted jurisdiction

over cases of eminent domain and over criminal cases.
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Land Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 118712, October 6, 1995

249 SCRA 149

Administrative regulations cannot extend the law and amend a legislative

enactment for settled is the rule that administrative regulations must be inharmony with the provisions of the law.

ADMISSION

Dequito vs. Llamas

66 SCRA 504-505

Admission by party of voluntary surrender of landholding for a

consideration in sworn affidavit has a considerable effect.

The party is bound by his voluntary admissions and declarations against

his own interest appearing in his affidavit and this Court will not allow him to

return his back to it.

AFFIDAVITS

Reyes vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 96492, November 26, 1992

216 SCRA 25

Section 16 of P.D. No. 946 states that in the hearing, investigation and

determination of any question or controversy, affidavits and counter-affidavits

may be allowed and are admissible in evidence.'

Candido vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 107493, February 1, 1996

253 SCRA 79

An affidavit that has not been formally offered during the proceedings in

the trial court is not among the matters which the law mandatorily requires to betaken judicial notice of.

AGRARIAN DISPUTE

Heirs of the Late Hermon Rey Santos vs. CA, et al.

March 7, 2000
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There is no agrarian dispute where both parties are contending for the

ownership of the subject property.

AGRARIAN RELATIONS

Jaime Corpin vs. Amor S. Vivar

G.R. No. 137350, June 19, 2000

A Regional Trial Court's finding that there exists a landlord-tenant

relationship between the parties, which was based on the documents attached by a

party to his memoranda in the RTC but not presented to the municipal trial court,

must be set aside due to insufficiency of evidence.

Bicol Federation of Labor vs. Cuyugan

65 SCRA 195

Term "agrarian relations" construed; the term embraces every situation

where an individual provides his personal labor over a parcel of agricultural land

belonging to another for the purpose principally of agricultural production, and

where the former, for his labor input and other sundry contributions, is

compensated either in wages or a share in the produce, or is obliged to pay lease

rentals to the landowner.

AGRICULTURAL LANDS

De la Paz vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

25 SCRA 480

In the classification of Agricultural Lands, in order to fix the consideration

for the use of ricelands in leasehold system, the use of the term "years" in Sec. 46

(a), R.A. No. 1199 is taken to mean "agricultural year" as the phrase is understood

in Sections 32-33 of the same law.

Ilusorio vs. Santos

4 SCRA 705

Determination of classes of land; since Republic Act No. 1199 establishes

a particular manner for determining whether land is first or second class, no other

method is acceptable.

Philippine National Railways vs. Valle

29 SCRA 573
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Under Section 3 of the Agricultural Tenancy Act and Section 166 (1) of

the Agricultural Land Reform Code, agricultural land means land devoted to

agriculture or to any growth.

AGRICULTURAL LEASEHOLD RELATIONS

Oarde vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. Nos. 104774-75, October 8, 1997

280 SCRA 235

The law is explicit on requiring the tenant and his immediate family to

work the land (Bonifacio vs. Dizon, 177 SCRA 294), and the lessee cannot hire

many persons to help him cultivate the land.

Philippine National Bank vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 105760, July 7, 1997

275 SCRA 72

The agricultural lessee's rights are enforceable against the transferee or the

landowner's successor-in-interest.

Cuao vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 107159, September 26, 1994

237 SCRA 124

The fact that a tenant or an agricultural lessee may have been assisted byfarm laborers hired by the landowners, on occasional or temporary basis, does not

preclude the element of "personal cultivation" essential in a tenancy or

agricultural leasehold relationship.

Bernas vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 85041, August 5, 1993

225 SCRA 119

Whatever was the true nature of his designation, Benigno, was the LEGAL

POSSESSOR of the property and the law expressly grants him, as legal possessor,

authority and capacity to institute an agricultural leasehold lessee on the propertyhe legally possessed.

Endaya vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 88113, October 23, 1992

215 SCRA 110
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The fact that the landowner entered into a civil lease contract over the

subject landholding and gave the lessee the authority to oversee the farming of the

land, as was done in this case, is not among the causes provided by law for the

extinguishments of the agricultural leasehold relation.

AGRICULTURAL LEASEHOLD RELATIONSHIP

Angel Chico vs. CA, et al.

G.R. No. 134735; December 5, 2000

Pre-requisite conditions; a) the parties are the landowner and the tenant or

agricultural lessee; b) the subject matter of the relationship is agricultural land; c)

there is consent between the parties to the relationship; d) the purpose of the

relationship is to bring about agricultural production; e) there is personal

cultivation on the part of the tenant or agricultural lessee; and f) the harvest isshared between the landowner and the tenant of agricultural lessee.

AGRICULTURAL TENANCY

Qua vs. Court of Appeals

198 SCRA 237, June 11, 1991

Private respondent Carmen Carillo is not entitled to be considered an

agricultural tenant. Therefore, she may not be allowed the use of a homelot, a

privilege granted by Section 35 of R.A. No. 3844, as amended, in relation toSection 22(3) of R.A. No. 1199, as amended, only to persons satisfying the

qualifications of agricultural tenants of coconut lands.

Zamoras vs. Su, Jr.

184 SCRA 248, April 6, 1990

Tenants, as defined in Pres. Decree No. 1517 does not include those whose

possession of the property is under litigation.

De los Reyes vs. Espineli

30 SCRA 574

Agricultural tenancy defined; the physical possession by a person of land

devoted to agriculture belonging to, or legally possessed by another for the

purpose of production through the labor of the former and of the members of his

immediate farm household in consideration of which the former agrees to share
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the harvest with the latter, or to pay a price certain or ascertainable, either in

produce or in money or in both.

Carag vs. Court of Appeals

151 SCRA 44

Definition of tenancy pursuant to Sec. 5 (a) of R.A. No. 1199; a person

who by himself, or with the aid available from within his immediate household,

cultivates the land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latter's consent

for purposes of production, sharing the produce with the landholder or for a price

certain or ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under the leasehold

tenancy system.

Matienzo vs. Servidad

107 SCRA 276

Definition of tenancy pursuant to Sec. 5 (a) of R.A. No. 1199; a personwho by himself, or with the aid available from within his immediate household,

cultivates the land belonging to or possessed by another, with the latter's consent

for purposes of production, sharing the produce with the landholder or for a price

certain or ascertainable in produce or in money or both, under the leasehold

tenancy system.

AGRICULTURAL TENANCY ACT

Tongson vs. Court of AppealsG.R. No. 77104, November 6, 1992

215 SCRA 428

In case of share tenancy, the sharing system on crops other than rice is

provided in Sec. 41, R.A. No. 1199 otherwise known as the Agricultural Tenancy

Act as amended by R.A. No. 2263.

Whether the sharing is in accordance with stipulations or customs of the

place, the law provides that the tenant's share for his labor in the production shall

not be less than 30% of the harvest after deducting the expenses for harvesting

and/or initial processing.

AGRICULTURAL WORKER

Hernandez vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

189 SCRA 758, September 21, 1990
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Agricultural Worker, defined; An agricultural worker is an agricultural

wage, salary or piece worker.

Jalandoni, Jr. vs. Arsenal

189 SCRA 56, July 30, 1990

Private respondent is clearly an agricultural worker or farm laborer.

Coconut Cooperative Marketing Association, Inc. (COCOMA) vs. Court of

Appeals

164 SCRA 568-569

An agricultural worker is not a whit different from a farm worker. From

the definition of a "farm worker" thus fashioned, it is quite apparent that there

should be an employer-employee.

De los Reyes vs. Espineli30 SCRA 576

A "farm worker" is any agricultural wage, salary or piece worker, but it is

not limited to a farm worker of a particular farm employer unless this Code

explicitly states otherwise, and any individual whose work has ceased as a

consequence of, or in connection with, a current agrarian disputes or an unfair

labor practice and who has not obtained substantially equivalent and regular

employment.

Guerrero vs. Court of Appeals

142 SCRA 137

"Farmhand" or "agricultural worker" defined; "any agricultural salary or

piece worker but is not limited to a farm worker of a particular farm employer

unless this Code explicitly states otherwise, and any individual whose work has

ceased as a consequence of, or in connection with, a current agrarian disputes or

an unfair labor practice and who has not obtained substantially equivalent and

regular employment.

AGRICULTURAL YEAR

De Santos vs. Santos

2 SCRA 820

"Agricultural year" defined. "Agricultural year" is the period of time

necessary for the raising of seasonal agricultural products, including the

preparation of the land, and the sowing, planting and harvesting the crop . . .".
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Ilusorio vs. Santos

4 SCRA 704-705

Agricultural year: period covered; Each crop period is considered an

independent agricultural year.

AMORTIZATION PAYMENTS

Locsin vs. Valenzuela

194 SCRA 195, February 19, 1991

The lease rentals paid by the tenant-farmers prior to such full payment by

the Land Bank to the old landowner would be credited no longer as rentals but

rather as amortization payments of the price of the land.

Locsin vs. Valenzuela194 SCRA 195, February 19, 1991

Lot No. 2-C-A-3 having been declared part of the land reform area and

subjected to Operation Land Transfer the payment made on and after 21 October

1972 by the private respondent tenants-farmers constituted amortization payments

on the cost of the land.

APPEALS

Roberto Mito vs. Court of Appeals, et al.

G.R. No. 126099, March 12, 2001

Certiorari cannot be resorted to as a substitute for the lost remedy of

appeal. An appeal is a statutory privilege and it may only be exercised in the

manner provided by law.

De Guzman vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

169 SCRA 289, January 20, 1989

Being an agricultural lessee, petitioner under Sec. 16 of PD 946 has theright to appeal as a pauper and should not have been required to pay the docket

fee.

Santiago vs. Court of Appeals

179 SCRA 188-189, November 8, 1989
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The Court of Appeals has the discretion to require or not to require the

parties to submit simultaneous memoranda. In case of non-requirement, neither

party can rightfully claim that he has been deprived of his day in court,

considering that the filing of a memorandum is not an indispensable part and

considering further that no injustice is done, inasmuch as both parties stand on the

same footing where no one enjoys any advantage over the other.


169 SCRA 288, January 20, 1989

Fact that petitioner intentionally did not pay the docket fee because having

been allowed to litigate as a pauper litigant he is not required to pay is in accord

with Sec. 16 of PD 946.


169 SCRA 288, January 20, 1989

An appeal cannot be perfected if the corresponding docket fee is not paid.

Angel vs. Inopiquez

169 SCRA 129, January 13, 1989

The rule is that once appeal is perfected, the trial court loses its jurisdiction

over the case and to issue the writ of execution.


169 SCRA 288-280, January 20, 1989

Under PD 946, an agricultural lessee is entitled to the rights of a pauper

and/or indigent litigant and to continue to enjoy such status in the appellate courts

until the case is terminated.


169 SCRA 289, January 20, 1989

The right to appeal is an essential part of the judicial system and litigants

should not be deprived of their right to do so.


2 SCRA 820

Appeal and error: court of agrarian relations: motion for reconsideration

not required. Neither Republic Act No. 1267, as amended, nor the Rules of

Court of Agrarian Relations, which took effect on 1 January 1956, requires an

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aggrieved party to seek a reconsideration of its judgment or order before taking an

appeal to the Supreme Court.

Ilusorio vs. Santos

4 SCRA 705

Extinctive prescription is a defense that is waived if not pleaded in due

time and may not be invoked for the first time on appeal.

Macandile vs. Macalino

85 SCRA 329

The special civil action of certiorari cannot be a substitute for appeal even

after the period of appeal has lapsed.

Puertollano vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

156 SCRA 188

The appeal is not premature because the petitioner abandoned their motion

for reconsideration and opted for the remedy of appeal by filing a notice of

appeal.

Santos vs. De Guzman

1 SCRA 1048

Appeal: where original decision was incomplete, period for appeal is

counted from receipt of supplemental decision.

Tiu vs. Court of Appeals

37 SCRA 100

Private respondent's only claim to justify continued occupancy of the

premises in question refers to the right of petitioner to own the leased premises,

claiming petitioner is not a Filipino citizen. This claim is based on a defense

which is unavailable to him. His appeal may therefore be considered frivolous

and made solely for delay.

Angliongto, Jr. vs. Court of Appeals

116 SCRA 659

As the Court of Appeals made a legal inference from a set of facts, its

conclusion being one of law is reviewable by the Supreme Court.

Tumulin vs. Court of Appeals

48 SCRA 450
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Execution of decision of agrarian court pending appeal; this action of the

appellate court is not in accord with the spirit of our agrarian laws.

Canturna vs. Court of Appeals

70 SCRA 563-564

Failure of public counsel to include material dates showing timeliness of

the appeal interposed on behalf of an agricultural tenant may be excused where it

would subserve the ends of justice and it was subsequently shown that appeal was

actually filed on time.

Anduiza vs. Dy-Kia

29 SCRA 199

Only final orders of agrarian court are appealable.

Arellano vs. Court of Appeals48 SCRA 131

Respondent's argument that their appeal was perfected on time because it

was made within ten (10) days from notice of the resolution denying the motion

for reconsideration, is misconception of the applicable rule. The rule allowing a

party a period of ten (10) days from notice of denial of a motion for

reconsideration was filed within the fifteen day period from notice of decision.

Teruez vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

134 SCRA 414

Whether or not person is a tenant is a question of fact. It is therefore

reviewable on appeal to the Supreme Court from Intermediate Appellate Court.

Yabut vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

142 SCRA 124

When appeal is deemed perfected; The appeal is not perfected on the date

the notice of appeal was filed but on the expiration of the last day to appeal.

APPROPRIATION LAW

Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary of

Agrarian Reform

175 SCRA 345, July 14, 1989
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authorized under Section 55 of Republic Act No. 1199, that applies to tenancy

relations those provisions of existing laws not consistent with said Act.

B

BANKS

Philippine National Bank vs. Intermediate Appellate Court

143 SCRA 300-301

The Land Bank cannot be ordered to pay DBP the loan obtained thereat by

the landowner whose lands were expropriated under P.D. 27 as said loan has

nothing to do with the PNB loan and DBP is not a party to the suit.

Vda. de Ortiz vs. Land Bank of the Philippines

148 SCRA 685-686

The Land Bank is not obliged to pay interest from October 21, 1972 the

date of effectivity of P.D. 27 up to the date the bank paid the acquisition price for

lands bought under the Land Reform Program.

Mallari vs. Court of Appeals

161 SCRA 504

It is not necessary for the lessee to make a tender of payment and/orconsignation of the amount of the redemption price. A certification issued by the

Land Bank that it will finance the redemption of the property in question is

sufficient.

C

CERTIFICATE OF EMPLOYMENT

Co vs. Intermediate Appellate Court162 SCRA 391

The certificate of employment submitted by the petitioner does not indicate

Roaring's hours of work in the said corporation so "as to establish that it is

physically impossible for him to do the work of a tenant.
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CERTIFICATE OF LAND TRANSFER

Vinzons-Magana vs. Estrella


Mere issuance of the certificate of land transfer does not vest in thefarmer/grantee ownership of the land described therein.

Curso vs. Court of Appeals

128 SCRA 568

Actions for forfeiture of certificates of land transfer for failure to pay lease

rentals for more than two years fall within the original and exclusive jurisdiction

of the Court of Agrarian Relations.

Miranda vs. Court of Appeals

141 SCRA 303

Certificate of land transfer; the nullification of said certificate may be had

only in a case directly attacking its validity but never collaterally.

Curso vs. Court of Appeals

128 SCRA 568

P.D. No. 816 imposed the sanction of forfeiture where the "agricultural

lessee . . . deliberately refuses and/or continues to pay rentals or amortization

payments when they fall due for a period of two (2) years." Petitioners cannot be

said to have deliberately refused to pay the lease rentals. They acted inaccordance with the MAR Circular, which implements P.D. 816, and in good

faith.

CERTIORARI

Chico vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 122704, January 5, 1998

284 SCRA 33

Certiorari; Rule 65 of the Rules of Court cannot be a substitute for lost

appeal.

Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication Board vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. Nos. 113220-21, January 21, 1997

266 SCRA 404

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The Court of Appeals could direct, in the exercise of its certiorari

jurisdiction, the Provincial Agrarian Reform Adjudicator (PARAD) to resolve an

application for a writ of preliminary injunction within a specified period a 10-

day period, counted from receipt of a copy of the decision of the Court of

Appeals, can by no means be considered arbitrary or hasty.

Reyes vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 96492, November 26, 1992

216 SCRA 25

Settled is the rule that only questions of law may be raised in a petition for

review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.

CHANGE OF TENANCY SYSTEM

De la Paz vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

25 SCRA 480

The tenant shall have the right to change the tenancy contract from one of

share tenancy to leasehold tenancy and vice versa and from the crop sharing

arrangement to another of the share tenancy.

De Borja vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

79 SCRA 558

Section 14, R.A. No. 1199 which grants to the share tenant the right toconvert the relationship to leasehold is constitutional.

Ilusorio vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

17 SCRA 16

Republic Act 1199 is a remedial legislation promulgated pursuant to the

social justice precepts of the Constitution and in the exercise of the police power

of the State to promote the common wealth. It is a statute relating to public

subjects within the domain of the general legislative powers of the State and

involving the public rights and public welfare of the entire community affected by

it.

Ibaviosa vs. Tuazon

21 SCRA 1439

In a long line of decisions, this Court has already declared Section 14 of

Republic Act 1199 providing for a change in tenancy relationship constitutional.

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Cruz vs. Pangan

11 SCRA 300

The petition of the new tenant for a change in the tenancy system cannot

be defeated by a change in ownership with personal cultivation where the latter

change is tainted with bad faith.

Uichanco vs. Gutierrez

14 SCRA 231

Sec. 14 of Republic Act No. 1199, as amended, giving the tenant the right

to change the tenancy from share to leasehold, is constitutional

Where the parties in 1956 entered into a verbal tenancy relationship and as

the law then existing gave the tenant the right to demand a leasehold arrangement

in exchange for the share tenancy, that right should be deemed included in their

contract of tenancy.

De Ramas vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

11 SCRA 171

The right granted to a tenant to change the contract from share tenancy to

leasehold cannot be considered unreasonable or oppressive.

Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199 authorizing tenant to change from

share to leasehold tenancy is constitutional and valid.

Marcelo vs. Matias

25 SCRA 816

The right of the tenant to change the tenancy contract from one share

tenancy to the leasehold tenancy and vice versa and from one crop-sharing

arrangement to another of the share tenancy, as provided in Section 14 of R.A.

No. 1199 is a constitutional right that has been repeatedly upheld by the Supreme

Court.

Enriquez vs. Cabangon

18 SCRA 81

The validity and constitutionality of the right of the tenant to change the

tenancy system under Section 14 of the Rice Tenancy Act has already been

passed upon and upheld by the Supreme Court in final decisions (Ramos vs.

Court of Agrarian Relations, L-19555, May 29, 1964; Vda. de Macasaet, vs.

Court of Agrarian Relations, et al., L-19750, July 17, 1964).

Reyes vs. Santos

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18 SCRA 28

Section 14 of Agricultural Tenancy Law is constitutional.

Tinio vs. Macapagal

19 SCRA 421

Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199 is constitutional.

Vda. De Macasaet vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

11 SCRA 521

Section 14 of the Rice Share Tenancy Act, giving the tenant the right to

change the tenancy system from share to leasehold is valid, being a privilege

granted to the tenant under the exercise of the police power of the state in order to

remedy an acute socio-economic problem existing in the country.

CIVIL LAW LEASE

Gabriel vs. Pangilinan

58 SCRA 590

Civil law lease distinguished from agricultural tenancy. There are

important differences between a leasehold tenancy and a civil law lease. The

subject matter of the leasehold tenancy is limited to agricultural land; that of civil

law lease may be either rural or urban property. As to attention and cultivation,

the law required the leasehold tenant to personally attend to, and cultivate the

agricultural land, whereas the civil law lessee need not personally cultivate or

work the thing leased. As to purpose, the landholding in leasehold tenancy is

devoted to agriculture, while in civil lease, the purpose may be for any lawful

pursuits. As to the law that governs, the civil law lease is governed by the Civil

Code, whereas leasehold tenancy is governed by special laws.

CLASSIFICATION

Association of Small Landowners in the Philippines, Inc. vs. Secretary ofAgrarian Reform

175 SCRA 347, July 14, 1989

Classification has been defined as the grouping of persons or things similar

to each other in certain particulars and different from each other in these same

particulars.
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30 SCRA 576

Coconut land is considered agricultural land under both the Agricultural

Land Tenancy Act and the Agricultural Land Reform Code.


142 SCRA 137

An agreement which states that the right and obligations of a person

allowed by the landowner to cultivate and take care of his coconut farm, shall be

governed by R.A. 1199, is not abrogated by the subsequent repeal of said law

which does not include coconut lands, inasmuch as the vested rights of a share

tenant to security of tenure would be adversely affected thereby.


142 SCRA 138

Mere fact that a person was not the one who seeded the land with coconuts

does not mean that he could not be a tenant thereof.

Robles vs. Batacan

154 SCRA 644

Nature of work performed by the respondents' father is that of a tenant on

the land.

Iglesia ni Cristo vs. Court of Appeals113 SCRA 521

Share tenants in coconut lands can redeem the same when landowner sells

them.

COMMISSIONERS REPORT

Republic of the Philippines vs. CA, et al.

G.R. No. 139592; October 5, 2000

In the absence of any irregularity in the survey and inspection of the

subject properties, and none is alleged, the report of the commissioners deserves

full faith and credit.

COMPREHENSIVE AGRARIAN REFORM LAW

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Atlas Fertilizer Corp. vs. Secretary, Department of Agrarian Reform

G.R. No. 93100, June 19, 1997

274 SCRA 30

Provisions of R.A. No. 7881 expressly state that fishponds and prawn are

excluded from the coverage of CARL.

Development Bank of the Philippines vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 118180, September 20, 1996

262 SCRA 246

The CARL (Rep. Act 6657) was not intended to take away property

without due process of law. Nor is it intended to impair the obligation of

contracts. In the same manner must E.O. 407 be regarded. It was enacted two (2)

months after private respondents had legally fulfilled the condition in the contract

of conditional sale by the payment of all installments on their due dates. These

laws cannot have retroactive effect unless there is an express provision in them to

that effect.

Natalia Realty, Inc. vs. Department of Agrarian Reform

G.R. No. 103302, August 12, 1993

225 SCRA 278

Coverage; Section 4 of R.A. No. 6657 provides that the CARL shall "cover

regardless of tenurial arrangement and commodity produced, all public and

private agricultural lands." As to what constitutes "agricultural land"it is referred

to as "land devoted to agricultural activity as defined in this Act and not classifiedas mineral, forest, residential, commercial or industrial land."

Central Mindanao University vs. Department of Agrarian Reform Adjudication

Board

G.R. No. 100091, October 2, 1992

215 SCRA 86

Private respondents, not being tenants nor proven to be landless peasants,

cannot qualify as beneficiaries under the CARP.

Under Section 73 of R.A. No. 6657, persons guilty of committingprohibited acts of forcible entry or illegal detainer do not qualify as beneficiaries

and may not avail themselves of the rights and benefits of agrarian reform.

COMPROMISE AGREEMENT

Concepcion vs. Presiding Judge Br. V, CFI of Bulacan
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119 SCRA 223-224

A judgment rendered upon a compromise "is in the nature of a contract and

is in effect an admission by the parties that the judgment is a just determination of

their rights on the facts of the case, had they been proved," and it has upon the

parties "the effect and authority of res judicata."

Jasmin vs. Valera

137 SCRA 214

A compromise agreement entered into in an ejectment case against an

agricultural tenant based on non-payment of rentals, subleasing, and others, is

valid where tenant agree to vacate, in consideration, among others, of

condonation of his unpaid rentals.

Velasquez vs. Magat

158 SCRA 206

Compromise agreement of August 21, 1972 not subject to resolutory term;

occupancy of the land as tenant extinguished as of the end of December 1972.

The end of December marked the end of the relation, not its continuation or

resumption.

Algabre vs. Court of Appeals

28 SCRA 1131

The Court of Agrarian Relations decisions on the matter are to the effect

that by virtue of the power granted to it by Section 7 of Republic Act 1267, as

amended by R.A. No. 1409 (creating the CAR), as well as by the Agricultural

Tenancy Act of 1954 itself (Sec. 21, Rep. Act No. 1199 as amended by Rep. Act

2263), it had authority to approve Compromise Agreements although made out of

court and without its intervention, the principal reason for this stand being that

"the Court merely would be achieving the purposes for which it was created to

maintain harmonious relations between the parties and/or prevent future disputes

between them, more effectively."

Jasmin vs. Valera

137 SCRA 213

A court-approved compromise agreement to vacate an agricultural

landholding entered into by the lessee in consideration of condonation of all his

back rentals and his right to all crops harvested for the main crop, is valid and

enforceable.

Osmea vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

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17 SCRA 828

Even more than a contract (which may be enforced by ordinary action for

specific performance) the compromise agreement is part and parcel of the

judgment, and may therefore, be enforced as such by a writ of execution (Serrano

vs. Miave, L-14678, March 31, 1965).

Vda. De Guilas vs. David

23 SCRA 762-763

Tenancy agreement between the tenant and a third party is not binding

upon the landowner, and subsequently, the latter sued them to surrender the land

pursuant to a compromise agreement entered into between the tenant and the

landowner, the third party cannot invoke the provision on security of tenure of

agricultural tenants.

Gabayan vs. Navarro124 SCRA 608

Where the parties to an agrarian case decide to execute a compromise

agreement the same is approved without need to resolved the jurisdictional issue

raised.

CONCEPTS OF TENANCY

Tuazon vs. Court of Appeals118 SCRA 484

Tenancy is not purely factual relationship dependent on what the alleged

tenant does upon the land. it is also a legal relationship. The intent of the parties,

the understanding when the farmer is installed, and as in this case, their written

agreements, provided these are complied with and are not contrary to law, are

even more important.

Gabriel vs. Pangilinan

58 SCRA 591

To fall under the Agricultural Tenancy Act, land must be worked by tenant

or immediate farm household. Persons, therefore, who do not actually work the

land cannot be considered tenants and a person who hires others to do work

ceases to be a tenant.

CONCLUSIVE PRESUMPTIONS
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Villaflor vs. Reyes

22 SCRA 385

One of the conclusive presumptions prohibits the tenant from denying the

title of his landlord at the time of the commencement of the relation of landlord

and tenant between them.

CONTEMPT OF COURT

Ayog vs. Cusi, Jr.

118 SCRA 494

No contempt of court is committed by a party who plowed the land and

destroyed the standing crops of one of the herein petitioners who is not a party-

defendant in the ejectment case below. Petitioner's remedy is not contempt but a

civil and/or criminal action.

Del Rosario vs. Chingcuangco

18 SCRA 1151

Where respondent Court's writ of execution had been carried out by

placing the respondent in possession of the land before the writ of preliminary

injunction restraining the implementation of said writ of execution was issued by

the appellate court, the respondent and the plaintiff may not be held in contempt

of court.

CONSUMMATED SALE OF LAND

Padasas vs. Court of Appeals

82 SCRA 251-252

We hold that the sale contemplated under Sec. 12, Rep. Act 3844 must

refer to a consummated sale, not a conditioned sale; it must be a sale that divests

the title and ownership of the owner over the land and not merely a conditional

sale as in the case at bar where the title and improvements on the land remained

with DBP.

CONTRACTS

Villaflor vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 95684, October 9, 1997

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280 SCRA 300

Nonpayment, at most, gives him only the right to sue for collection.

Generally, in a contract of sale, payment of the price is a resolutory condition and

the remedy of the seller is to exact fulfillment or, in case of a substantial breach,

to rescind the contract under Article 1191 of the Civil Code.

Payment of realty taxes does not necessarily prove ownership must less

stimulation of said contracts.

Maria Cristina Fertilizer Corp. vs. Court of Appeals

G.R. No. 123905, June 9, 1997

273 SCRA 152

An offer must be clear and definite, while an acceptance must be

unconditional and unbounded, in order that their concurrence can give rise to a

perfected contract.

CONTRACTS, TENANCY

Domingo vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

4 SCRA 1152

A comparison between the provisions of Section 12 of Agricultural

Tenancy Act (R.A. No. 1199) and those of Act No. 4054 leaves no room for

doubt that the enumeration of the authorized acknowledging officers in section 12

of the prevailing statute is a deliberate legislative reform designed to exclude theintervention of Notaries Public in tenancy contracts that should be made fully

effective.


4 SCRA 1151

Section 11 of Republic Act No. 1199, which provides that written

contracts between landlords and tenants "shall be conclusive evidence of what has

been agreed upon between the contracting parties, if not denounced or impugned

within thirty days after its registration," does not apply to contracts violative ofthe law itself.


79 SCRA 557
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Under Section 6 of Act No. 4054, in the absence of a specific stipulation

on the duration of a tenancy contract, the same shall be understood to last only

during one agricultural year: said section 6 leaves no room for interpretation.


79 SCRA 558

Ambiguous provision in a contract is adversely interpreted against the

party responsible therefore.

Novesteras vs. Court of Appeals

149 SCRA 48

The title, label or rubric given to a contract cannot be used to camouflage

the real import of an agreement as evinced by its main provisions. Moreover, it is

basic that a contract is what the law defines it to be.

Teodoro vs. Macaraeg

27 SCRA 7-8

Label of contract cannot be used to camouflage real import of an

agreement.

Castro vs. Court of Appeals

99 SCRA 722-723

A person who signed annually for three consecutive years a contract for

hired labor cannot later be heard to claim that he is a tenant.

Castro vs. Court of Appeals

99 SCRA 723

Contracts are respected as the law between the contracting parties.

Evangelista vs. Court of Appeals

158 SCRA 42

The fact that the lease contracts did not stipulate personal cultivation

indicates the intent of the parties to establish only a civil lease relationship.

Cruz vs. Court of Appeals

129 SCRA 222-223

Where so-called labor contract was not really honored by the parties as

respondent did not receive salaries but a share in the produce or the cash

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De Ramas vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

11 SCRA 171

Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199 is legally justified in impairing the

obligation of an existing contract between the tenant and the landlord. Obligations

ofcontracts must yield to a proper exercise of the police power.

Tizon vs. Cabagon

19 SCRA 49

Any contract whereby the tenant is to receive less than the corresponding

share for the different contributions he has to the production of the crop is

contrary to law, morals and public policy (Sec. 11(a), Agricultural Tenancy Act).

Cruz vs. Court of Appeals

129 SCRA

To determine the nature of a contract, courts do not have or are not bound

to rely upon the name or title given it by the contracting parties. Should there be a

controversy as to what they really had intended to enter into, but the way the

contracting parties do or perform their respective obligations, stipulated or agreed

upon may be shown and inquired into, and should performance conflict with the

name or title given the contract by the parties, the former must prevail over the

latter.

Ponce vs. Guevarra

10 SCRA 649

The subleasing of the land without written consent of the landholder,

although constituting a violation of the original contract of lease, cannot affect the

security of tenure of the sub-lessees because it was committed by the lessee, not

by the sub-lessee, who were not parties to the contract.

CONVERSION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND TO NON-AGRICULTURAL

USES

Gonzales vs. Court of Appeals174 SCRA 398, June 29, 1989

An agricultural leasehold cannot be established on land which has ceased

to be devoted to cultivation or farming because of its conversion into a residential

land.

Gonzales vs. Court of Appeals
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174 SCRA 398-399, June 29, 1989

Petitioners may not invoke Section 36(1) of Republic Act No. 3844 which

provides that "when the lessor-owner fails to substantially carry out the

conversion of his agricultural land into a subdivision within one year after the

dispossession of the lessee, the lessee shall be entitled to reinstatement anddamages," for the petitioners were not agricultural lessees or tenants of the land

before its conversion into a residential subdivision in 1955.

Davao Steel Corporation vs. Cabatuando

10 SCRA 705

Conversion of agricultural land to industrial character does not deprive

agrarian court of jurisdiction.

Baltazar vs. Court of Appeals

104 SCRA

Private respondent has not shown that she complied with all the requisites

for conversion of the land in question into residential subdivision. The trial court

also found that there was some measure of bad faith on the part of private

respondent in seeking the dispossession of petitioner, and that no substantial

conversion had been undertaken by private respondent.

CROP SHARING

Andres vs. De Santos

55 SCRA 624

Agricultural tenancy act: Right of tenant to change from one crop-sharing

arrangement to another should not be impaired to technicalities.

Estrada vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

4 SCRA 1232

A change in the crop sharing agreement between the landlord and the

tenant under Section 14 of the Agricultural Tenancy Act, as amended from a 50-50 to a 70-30 basis, cannot be made by the tenant unless he uses his own farm

implements and carabao, and spends for the last harrowing and transplanting

without any contribution or help from the landlord.


4 SCRA 1152

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The rejection by the tenant of the landholder's contribution to the cost of

final harrowing and transplanting, if tendered in due time, cannot be justified by

the tenant's right to change the crop sharing arrangement unless the tenant has

served upon the landlord notice of his intention to change such arrangement at the

advance end of the preceding agricultural year.


2 SCRA 820

Pursuant to Section 14 of Republic Act No. 1199, if the share tenancy

contracts is in writing and is duly registered, the right to change the crop-sharing

arrangement may be exercised at the expiration of the period of contract sought to

be changed.

Tizon vs. Cabagon

19 SCRA 49

Section 14 of the Agricultural Tenancy Law, regarding change of system,

does not apply to the enforcement of the crop-sharing ratio in accordance with the

actual contributions of the tenant and the landlord. In the case of a second class

riceland, if the tenant contributed all except the land and one-half of the

transplanting expenses, his share in the harvests would be 62.5% and the

landlord's share would be 37.5%. Any change in the sharing ration is left to the

initiative of the tenant.

CULTIVATION

Bonifacio vs. Dizon


The term "personal cultivation" cannot be given a restricted connotation to

mean a right personal and exclusive to either lessor or lessee. In either case, the

right extends to the members of the lessor's or lessee's immediate family

members.

Latag vs. Banog

16 SCRA 80

A "caretaker" of an agricultural land is also considered "cultivator" of the

land.

Camus vs. Court of Agrarian Relations

11 SCRA 372

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Section 7 of Republic Act No. 1267, as amended, in defining the

jurisdiction of the Court of Agrarian Relations, speaks not only of "cultivation"

but also of "use" of agricultural land "where one of the parties work the land," and

includes within such jurisdiction "all those relationships established by law"

between said parties.


30 SCRA 577

"Cultivation" is not limited to the plowing and harrowing of the land. It

includes the various phases of farm labor described and provided by law, the

maintenance, repair and weeding of dikes, paddies, and irrigation canals in the

holding. Moreover, it covers attending to the care of the growing plants.

Coconut Cooperative Marketing Association, Inc. (COCOMA) vs. Court of

Appeals

164 SCRA 570

The definition of cultivation is not limited merely to the tilling, plowing or

harrowing of the land. It includes the promotion to growth and the care of the

plants, or husbanding the ground to forward the products of the earth by general

industry. The raising of coconuts is a unique agricultural enterprise.

Almodiel vs. Blanco

5 SCRA 648

Where the controversy involves a relationship which affects the rights oftwo litigants over the cultivation and use of any agricultural land, one of the

parties agreeing to furnish the labor, such controversy comes within the

jurisdiction of the Court of Agrarian Relations, as provided for in Section 7 of

Republic Act No. 1267, as amended.

De Santos vs. Acosta

4 SCRA 359

The term "bona fide intention to cultivate" in Section 50(a) of Republic

Act No. 1199, as amended, has reference not only to the ability and firm decision

of the landowner to mechanize but also to the motive behind his action in seekingthe dispossession of his tenants.

De Guzman vs. Santos

6 SCRA 795-796

Cultivation is not limited to the plowing and harrowing of the land alone.

Documents

1961-2001