1/9/14

India Achieves Independence & Partition (p. 563 – 565, # 1 – 12)

1. Mark the places in text where you got your answers.

2. Review answers with your partner.

On desk: p. 563 – 565, #1 – 12

1/9/14World History Agenda

1. India Achieves Independence & Partition (review p. 563 – 565, # 1 – 12)

2. Start Scene #6, Gandhi film

HW: None!

Honors: Ch. 8 – 9 by Monday & Meeting Tues. 3 – 4pm

1. In the 1940’s, how many Hindus were there in India? How many Muslims?

Hindu: 350 millionMuslim: 100 million

2. What were the two groups working for Indian independence? Who were the leaders of each group?• Congress Party (mostly Hindu) – Gandhi• Muslim League – Muhammad Ali Jinnah

Hindu: 350 millionMuslim: 100 million

3. Why do you think Jinnah & the Muslim League were worried about India gaining its independence?

• Muslims didn’t want to be overruled by Hindus. • Thought Hindus might persecute Muslims or be unfair to them.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gandhi_Jinnah_1944.jpg

4. What does the term partition mean?Partition – to divide into separate parts

5. Why did the British decide that partition was the only safe way to grant India its independence?

• Muslims resisted any plan that involved a govt. dominated by Hindus

• Rioting broke out in several Indian cities

• Aug. 1946 – 5,000 killed & 15,000 injured during 4 days of violence in Calcutta

Police disperse riots in Calcutta, 1946http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/1899-36655

http://4freedoms.com/photo/calcutta-riots-1946-7?xg_source=activity

6. When Britain granted India independence in July 1947, how did they divide the territory? Why do you think they did this?

• Northwest & Eastern India (Muslim majority)• Became East Pakistan & West Pakistan

• Central India (Hindu majority) became India

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition_of_India

Partition, 1947

Green = Muslim majorityPink = Hindu majority

Green = PakistanOrange= India

7. Explain why people had to migrate because of the partition of India. How many people migrated in the summer of 1947?

• Over 10 million people had to migrate.• Largest mass migration in human history!

8. Describe what the conditions were like for Indians during their migration.

• Lots of violence between Hindus, Muslims & Sikhs.• Horrible conditions on trains.• Dead bodies everywhere.

9. How many people died in the violence that occurred during the migration?

• Estimated 1 million people died in violent clashes between Hindus & Muslims

http://allurdubooks.blogspot.com/2011/08/rare-pictures-of-migration-1947-part-1.html

10. When did Britain officially grant India its independence?

• Aug. 15th, 1947

Indian flag Pakistani flag

11. Who assassinates Gandhi and why?

• A Hindu extremist (Nathuram Godse)

• He thought Gandhi was too protective of & friendly towards Muslims.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nathuram_godse.jpg

12. Explain why Kashmir is a source of conflict for India & Pakistan.

• Kashmir’s population was majority Muslim, but ruler was Hindu.• India & Pakistan fought for control (U.N. set up “line of control”

in 1949)• India & Pakistan (and also China) continue to fight over territory

today!

http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9704/09/in.pak/

GANDHI FILM, SCENE 5:

• Answer “Discussion Question” #2

• Fill out “Notes While Watching”

Gandhi film, final scene